Adjustable Sprayer
An agricultural sprayer assembly includes a wheeled carriage, a chassis, and a spray delivery system. The wheeled carriage has a number of adjustable support legs (e.g., four), each formed of hydraulically coupled and actuated upper and lower leg sections or members. The chassis is supported on the wheeled carriage, at an adjustable clearance height defined by the operational height of the support legs. The spray delivery system includes a spray boom coupled to a boom support, and an actuator coupled to the boom support and the chassis. The actuator is configured to adjust the height of the spray boom with respect to the clearance height of the chassis.
This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 15/438,142 filed Feb. 21, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 13/954,714 filed Jul. 30, 2013, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,578,868 on Feb. 28, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUNDThis disclosure is directed to wheeled spray delivery systems for use in agricultural applications, and specifically to high-clearance agricultural sprayers for use on corn and other tall grass crops. In particular, the disclosure relates to a wheeled, adjustable height agricultural sprayer adaptable to small plots and tall row crop applications, with an actuated boom system for improved spray control.
In farming and agricultural applications, sprayers are commonly used to apply a variety of different products including water, fertilizer, herbicides, pesticides and other fluid-based materials. Depending on application, crop sprayers come in a wide range of sizes and configurations, including portable backpack devices with hand-operated spray attachments, trailer-type sprayers with extended boom configurations, and aerial crop dusting systems for use in helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft.
Sprayer design depends upon crop configuration, growing environment, and the selected products to be applied. In particular, while some sprayer carriage and boom configurations may be adapted for different field crops such as corn, sorghum, wheat, and sunflowers, these configurations may or may not be appropriate for paddy crops like rice. Tubers and legumes can also require different sprayer designs, for example potatoes and soybeans, as compared to other row crops such as cotton and beets. Vine crops like tomatoes and grapes pose particular challenges for spray product application, as compared to tree crops like apples, oranges and nuts, as do other specialty crops like flowers, horticultural products, and nursery plots.
Across these different applications, speed and ease of use have been historical design drivers, along with product efficiency and efficacy. Spray drift and other loss effects are also important considerations, not only from a cost perspective, but also from the point of view of environmental protection and reduced human and animal exposure.
Based on all of these factors, there is an ongoing need for advanced sprayer designs and application techniques, with improved spray product delivery for a range of agricultural products with different crop heights, row configurations, and plot layouts. At the same time, there is also a desire for improved coverage and decreased application time, with reduced spray drift and risk of exposure.
SUMMARYThis disclosure is directed to a high clearance adjustable agricultural sprayer, for use with corn, tall grasses and other row and specialty crop applications. The sprayer includes a wheeled carriage, a chassis, and a spray delivery system. The carriage can have a number of adjustable support legs, for example four, each with hydraulically coupled upper and lower leg sections or members. The leg sections are hydraulically actuated, in order to define the clearance height of the chassis based on the operational height of the support legs and carriage.
The spray delivery system includes a spray boom coupled to a boom support, and an actuator coupled between the boom support and the chassis frame. The actuator can be operated to adjust the spray height of the spray boom with respect to the clearance height of the chassis.
In particular examples of this design, the lower leg sections can be coupled to individual wheel assemblies, while the upper leg sections support the chassis. Hydraulic cylinders can be positioned within the support legs, and configured to adjust the clearance height by hydraulically actuating the upper and lower leg members. For example, an (inverted) hydraulic cylinder can be positioned inside the upper leg member, with a hydraulic piston extending into the lower leg member, which in turn is nested inside the upper leg member, sliding in and out to adjust the clearance height in response to actuation of the hydraulic cylinder.
In some designs, a steering mechanism is configured to turn one or more of the support legs (e.g., the front pair), in order to control the wheeled carriage. One such mechanism includes a bearing assembly coupled to the chassis, with a rotating pin member coupled to the support leg. An actuator can then be used to steer the carriage by applying leverage to rotate the pin within the bearing, turning the leg and wheel assembly to determine the direction of motion. The wheels can be driven by hydraulic motors, for example using a four-wheel drive system with hydraulic coupling to an engine mounted on the chassis.
The clearance height is typically defined below the carriage height (that is, the operational height of the support legs), with the support legs extending above the chassis in order to increase stability and reduce mechanical stress on the carriage. A cab can also be supported on the chassis frame, with an operator station defined above the clearance height for improved visibility and control. The spray delivery system is typically rear-mounted, and the cab can positioned to place the operator's head above the spray height (that is, the height of the deployed spray booms), in order to reduce exposure.
In high clearance applications, each of the adjustable support legs may be formed with separate hydraulically coupled and nested upper and lower sections, which are actuated to extend or retract the support legs. The chassis is typically supported on the upper leg sections, providing an adjustable clearance height defined below the carriage height.
The spray delivery system includes a spray boom coupled to a boom support, with an actuator configured to position the boom support above or below the clearance height of the chassis. An operator cab can also be provided, supported on the chassis with the operator station positioned above the clearance height, providing improved visibility as described above.
An internal hydraulic cylinder can be used to couple the upper and lower members of each support leg, with the carriage height defined by actuation of the internal cylinder. For example, the leg members may have substantially rectangular cross sections, with the lower section nested within the upper section. The hydraulic cylinder can be positioned within the upper leg section, in an inverted configuration with the piston extending into lower leg section.
A steering mechanism can be provided, using a pair of bearing assemblies coupled to the chassis. Each of the bearing assemblies has a pin member coupled to one of the front support legs, with a pair of actuators to steer the carriage by leveraged rotation of the pins within the bearings.
The clearance height of the sprayer chassis can typically be adjusted to at least six feet (or about 180 cm), or more, in order to apply product to a variety of row crops including soybeans and tall grass crops like corn, wheat and sorghum. The boom support and spray height can also be adjusted above or below the clearance height of the chassis, providing for precise control of the spray application, with easier access for maintenance, boom deployment, and storage.
In some applications, the clearance height can be as high as nine to ten feet, or about three meters or more, and the spray height may be as high as twelve feet, or about four meters or more. The cab can also be positioned to define the operator station below the height of the carriage; that is, with the operator's head normally positioned below the top of the support legs. This provides a combination of good visibility and spray control, without introducing undue instability or structural stress on the carriage.
The agricultural spray apparatus can also include a wheeled carriage with four adjustable support legs, each having a hydraulic cylinder positioned in the upper section, coupled to a hydraulic piston extending into the lower section. The chassis can then be supported by mechanical coupling to the upper leg sections, with an adjustable clearance height of at least six feet, or about 180 cm or more, as defined by actuation of the hydraulic cylinders inside the support legs.
An adjustable boom support can be coupled to the chassis, with a spray boom supported on the boom support. The boom support can then be actuated to define the spray height, which varies up or down with respect to the clearance height of the chassis.
A cab or operator station can be supported on the chassis, above the clearance height and with the operator's head positioned above the spray height. An engine can also be provided, and configured to drive the carriage by coupling to hydraulic motors in each of the wheel assemblies. The carriage can be steered using actuated bearing assemblies coupled to the chassis, which control the motion of the sprayer by turning the front pair of support legs in the desired direction of travel.
In some implementations, an agricultural sprayer includes a wheeled carriage having adjustable support legs, each of the support legs having hydraulically coupled first and second leg sections where one of the first or second leg sections is adjustable relative to the other. An operational height of the support legs is defined between a ground surface and a top end of each of the support legs. A chassis is supported in part by the wheeled carriage and has an adjustable clearance height defined by adjusting a height of the first or the second leg section in which the chassis is adjustable from a first position to a second position that is elevated relative to the first position. A cab is supported on and positioned above the clearance height of the chassis and the cab is arranged below the operational height of the support legs in at least one of the first or second positions of the chassis. A spray delivery system is coupled to the chassis, and at least a portion of the spray delivery system is height-adjustable with respect to the clearance height of the chassis.
In some implementations, a sprayer includes a wheeled carriage having a plurality of adjustable support legs with each of the support legs including first and second hydraulically coupled leg members. One of the first or second leg members is adjustable relative to the other, and an operational height of the support legs is defined between a ground surface and a top end of each of the support legs. A chassis is supported in part by the first leg members and has an adjustable clearance height defined below the operational height of the support legs. A wheel assembly is supported by the second leg members. A cab is supported on and positioned above the clearance height of the chassis. The cab is positioned at least in part below the operational height of the support legs. A spray delivery system supported on the chassis, wherein at least a portion of the spray delivery system is configured to be positionable relative to the clearance height of the chassis and movable independent of the chassis.
In some implementations, an apparatus includes a wheeled carriage with a plurality of adjustable support legs, each of the support legs including a first leg member coupled to a wheel assembly and a second leg member. The first and second leg members are hydraulically coupled, and one of the first or second leg members is adjustable relative to the other. An operational height of the support legs is defined between a ground surface and a top end of each of the support legs. A chassis is supported in part by the wheeled carriage by mechanical coupling to the second leg members. An adjustable clearance height of the chassis is defined by actuation of the hydraulic coupling. An adjustable boom support is coupled to the chassis and is configured to receive a spray boom and to be movable independent of the chassis. A cab supported is on the chassis and positioned at least in part below the operational height of the support legs and at least in part above the spray height defined by the spray boom.
As shown in
Chassis 14 is supported from carriage 36 by mounting to support legs 28 at the lower (bottom) portions 32A of second (upper) leg sections 32. Upper leg sections 32 are hydraulically coupled to lower leg sections 30, in order to adjust clearance height HC of chassis 14 with respect to ground level (G), for example using an internal hydraulic piston actuator arrangement, as described below.
Support legs 28 have overall operating height HO, as defined at top end 32B of upper leg sections 32. Operating height HO of support legs 28 is adjusted together with clearance height HC of chassis 14.
As shown in
Sprayer 10 also positions the operator station (e.g., inside cab 18) above the clearance height (HC) of chassis 14, for increased visibility and improved operator control. In particular, while the top of cab 18 and un-deployed spray booms 24 may extend slightly above operating height H of support legs 28, the operator station (at operator eye or head level) is positioned substantially below operating height HO of support legs 28, between lower end 32A and top end 32B of upper leg section 32.
The same is true for the center of mass (CM) of chassis section 14, including engine compartment 16, cab 18 and spray delivery system 20. In some designs, the center of mass (CM) may be positioned between lower end 32A and an approximate midpoint of upper support leg 32, between bottom (or lower) end 32A and top (or upper) end 32B (see, e.g. intermediate portion 32C of upper leg 32, as shown in
At the same time, the operator station inside cab 18 is positioned above clearance height (CH) of chassis 14, with the operator head or eye level positioned above the spray height, when booms 24 are deployed. This provides increased stability and operator visibility, while decreasing the risk or level of exposure to spray products, as described below.
The operating height (HO) of each support leg 28 can be adjusted pneumatically, mechanically or hydraulically, for example via actuation of an internal hydraulic cylinder 40 and piston 42, as shown in
In additional designs, an inverted hydraulic cylinder 40 is provided each upper leg support 32, with hydraulic lines 44 extending through top end portions 32B. Hydraulic pistons 42 extend down from cylinders 40 through bottom end portions 32A of each upper leg section or support leg member 32, into the corresponding lower leg section or support leg member 30, proximate lower end or flange 30A at the coupling to wheel assembly 34. An upright cylinder configuration can also be utilized, and the internal coupling points may vary, depending on the geometry of upper and lower leg sections 30 and 32.
A similar width adjustment mechanism can also be provided, as described below, in order to adjust width W between wheel assemblies 34 based on a selected row or crop spacing. For example, wheel width W may be adjusted to accommodate one, two, three or more rows with a spacing of about twenty to thirty inches (about 50-75 cm), or anywhere from about fifteen inches to about thirty-eight inches (about 40 cm to about 1 m).
High-clearance sprayer 10 also provides operator cab 18 above clearance height HC, for example up to three meters (nine to ten feet) or more, and above the spray application height (or boom height), for example three to four meters (ten to twelve feet) or more. This increases operator visibility and control for high corn and other tall crop applications, while decreasing unwanted exposure as described above.
While these features provide sprayer 10 with substantial versatility for a range of tall row crops and other high-clearance agricultural applications, it also places substantial structural demands on wheeled carriage 12 and chassis 14. Enclosing hydraulic cylinder and piston systems 40 and 42 within support legs 28 substantially increases the structural integrity of wheeled carriage 12, reducing instability and stress at high clearance heights HC and greater wheel widths W.
Wheel width W can be adjusted via hydraulic, mechanical, or pneumatic systems, as described above. As shown in
This configuration provides high-clearance sprayer 10 with independently adjustable wheel width W and clearance height HC, allowing for different row crop spacing even when lifted to clear up to nine-foot (2.75 m) tall tasseled corn and other tall grasses or specialty crops. Hydraulic width adjustment cylinders 46 can also be actuated to provide sprayer system 10 with a narrower transport envelope, for example when moving between fields.
In the particular configuration of
Hydraulic cylinders 46 extend between coupling bracket 49 and opposing upper sections 32 of left and right support legs 28, oriented generally parallel to telescoping members 48A and 48B of horizontal support 48. As hydraulic cylinders 46 are actuated, telescoping support members 48A and 48B extend in and out to adjust width W of sprayer system 10 between wheel assemblies 34.
The flexible design of sprayer 10 also provides for precise spray product applications to relatively small and closely-spaced research plots and other specialty agricultural areas, which were previously done by hand, or using aircraft-based systems. In particular, previous plot-by-plot methods involved walking through individual crop rows with a backpack sprayer and holding an overhead application boom, increasing user exposure without guaranteeing uniform application. Alternatively, aircraft-based application methods are typically directed to the whole field and are difficult to control on a plot-by-plot basis, both from an application quality point of view, and from an environmental perspective.
In addition, previous sprayer and lift kit systems do not provide the desired clearance and height control, in combination with the required stability, user protection and precision control necessary for advanced product research and development. Sprayer 10, in contrast, can be adapted to accurately apply products to any height corn, soybeans and other tall row or specialty crops, in a cost-effective, controlled and precise manner appropriate for agricultural research, and consistent with cost effective, environmental conscious farming and forward-thinking agricultural practices.
Chassis 14 is supported by (front) horizontal support 48, which is coupled to upper leg section 32 via bearing assembly 52. This allows support leg 28 to rotate or turn (e.g., left and right, see arrow R) with respect to chassis 14, in response to actuation by a hydraulic cylinder or other steering actuator mechanism 56.
Steering is accomplished by actuating steering hydraulics 56 to rotate support leg 28 left and right with respect to chassis 14, as described above. One or more longitudinal braces 36 can be coupled to the stationary portion of bearing assembly 52, for example utilizing a two-point bolted connection as shown. This allows support legs 28 to turn back and forth independently of chassis 14, providing independent steering (directional) and lift (clearance) control.
Reservoir 22 is typically formed of plastic, metal, or another material with suitable durability and chemical properties, according to the desired spray product application. In one particular example, a relatively low-volume fluid reservoir 22 may be utilized, as selected for small test plot applications. Alternatively, a larger chassis-mounted reservoir 22 can be used, or a towed trailer or tank type reservoir may be provided.
Spray booms 24 are shown in a vertical folded or stowed configuration. In operation of sprayer (or spray apparatus) 10, booms 24 are typically unfolded for deployment into a horizontal configuration, with spray outlets 58 directed downward toward the desired crop application, or in an upward or outward direction, as desired. Spray outlets 58 thus define the spray height of delivery system 20, either with spray booms 24 deployed in a standard horizontal configuration, or in any other desired arrangement.
Adjustable boom support 26 can be positioned in an upward or downward direction (arrow A) with respect to clearance height HC of chassis 14, for example via actuation of hydraulic cylinders 64, or via a similar pneumatic or mechanical actuator. In particular, boom support 26 can be independently actuated to deploy spray booms 24 above or below clearance height HC of chassis 14, providing for fine adjustment of the spray boom and application height during operation of sprayer 10, without necessarily changing the clearance height of chassis 14.
Boom support 26 can also be actuated to lower spray booms 24 below the clearance height of chassis 14, for example when support legs 28 are in a retraced position, as shown in
Rear support legs 28 may also incorporate an adjustable with mechanism, for example utilizing a hydraulic piston or other actuator 46, as described above with respect to the front-end chassis support structure of
While this invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, modifications may be made to adapt the teachings of the invention to particular situations and materials, without departing from the essential scope thereof. Thus, the invention is not limited to the particular examples that are disclosed herein, but encompasses all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. An agricultural sprayer comprising:
- a wheeled carriage having adjustable support legs, each of the support legs comprising hydraulically coupled first and second leg sections, wherein one of the first or second leg sections is adjustable relative to the other, wherein an operational height of the support legs is defined between a ground surface and a top end of each of the support legs;
- a chassis supported in part by the wheeled carriage, the chassis having an adjustable clearance height defined by adjusting a height of the first or the second leg sections, the chassis adjustable from a first position to a second position that is elevated relative to the first position;
- a cab supported on and positioned above the clearance height of the chassis, the cab arranged below the operational height of the support legs in at least one of the first or second positions of the chassis; and
- a spray delivery system coupled to the chassis, wherein at least a portion of the spray delivery system is height-adjustable with respect to the clearance height of the chassis.
2. The sprayer of claim 1, wherein one of the first or second leg sections is coupled to a wheel assembly and the other is coupled to the chassis.
3. The sprayer of claim 2, wherein the first and second leg sections of the support legs are hydraulically coupled by a hydraulic cylinder, and wherein the hydraulic cylinder adjusts the clearance height of the chassis.
4. The sprayer of claim 1, further comprising a steering mechanism configured to turn one or more of the support legs with respect to the chassis.
5. The sprayer of claim 1, wherein the clearance height of the chassis is defined below an operational height of the support legs.
6. The sprayer of claim 1, wherein the cab defines an enclosure having a volume sufficient to house at least one operator.
7. The sprayer of claim 1, further comprising a reservoir supported on the chassis, the reservoir fluidly coupled to the spray delivery system.
8. The spray of claim 1, wherein the spray delivery system comprises a boom support and an actuator coupled thereto, wherein the actuator is configured to actuate the boom support in order to adjust a height of the boom support with respect to the clearance height of the chassis.
9. The sprayer of claim 8, wherein the actuator coupled to the spray boom comprises one or more hydraulic cylinders for adjusting the boom support with respect to the chassis.
10. The sprayer of claim 8, further comprising a spray boom coupled to the boom support.
11. The sprayer of claim 1, wherein the clearance height is adjustable to at least six feet (or at least about 180 cm).
12. A sprayer comprising:
- a wheeled carriage having a plurality of adjustable support legs, each of the support legs comprising first and second hydraulically coupled leg members, wherein one of the first or second leg members is adjustable relative to the other, wherein an operational height of the support legs is defined between a ground surface and a top end of each of the support legs;
- a chassis supported in part by the first leg members, the chassis having an adjustable clearance height defined below the operational height of the support legs;
- a wheel assembly supported by the second leg members;
- a cab supported on and positioned above the clearance height of the chassis, the cab positioned at least in part below the operational height of the support legs; and
- a spray delivery system supported on the chassis, wherein at least a portion of the spray delivery system is configured to be positionable relative to the clearance height of the chassis and movable independent of the chassis.
13. The sprayer of claim 12, wherein the first and second hydraulically coupled leg members are coupled by a hydraulic cylinder.
14. The sprayer of claim 12, wherein the clearance height of the chassis is defined below an operational height of the support legs.
15. The sprayer of claim 12, wherein the cab defines an enclosure having a volume sufficient to house at least one operator.
16. The sprayer of claim 12, further comprising a reservoir supported on the chassis, the reservoir fluidly coupled to the spray delivery system.
17. The sprayer of claim 12, wherein the spray delivery system comprises a boom support and an actuator comprising a hydraulic cylinder configured to position the boom support relative to the clearance height of the chassis such that the boom support is movable independent of the chassis.
18. The sprayer of claim 17, further comprising a spray boom coupled to the boom support.
19. An apparatus comprising:
- a wheeled carriage comprising a plurality of adjustable support legs, each of the support legs comprising a first leg member coupled to a wheel assembly and a second leg member, wherein the first and second leg members are hydraulically coupled, wherein one of the first or second leg members is adjustable relative to the other, wherein an operational height of the support legs is defined between a ground surface and a top end of each of the support legs;
- a chassis supported in part by the wheeled carriage by mechanical coupling to the second leg members, wherein an adjustable clearance height of the chassis is defined by actuation of the hydraulic coupling;
- an adjustable boom support coupled to the chassis, the boom support configured to receive a spray boom and to be movable independent of the chassis; and
- a cab supported on the chassis, wherein the cab is positioned at least in part below the operational height of the support legs and at least in part above the spray height defined by the spray boom.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising:
- a fluid delivery system, the fluid delivery system comprising a reservoir coupled to the chassis.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 24, 2017
Publication Date: Nov 9, 2017
Inventors: Matthew Jones (Primghar, IA), Steve Anthofer (Carroll, IA)
Application Number: 15/657,910