MODULAR REMOTE POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION FOR HYDRAULIC FRACTURING SYSTEM
A hydraulic fracturing system for fracturing a subterranean formation includes a power generation system, a transmission section, and an equipment load section. The power generation system includes a turbine generator that generates electricity that is used to power equipment in the equipment load section. The equipment in the equipment load section conditions and pressurizes fluid that is injected into a wellbore for fracturing the formation. The power generation and equipment load sections are distal from one another are separated by a long distance. The transmission section connects the power generation and equipment load sections, and thus spans the long distance between these sections.
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This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/183,387, filed Jun. 15, 2016, and claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/180,140, filed Jun. 16, 2015, and is a continuation-in-part of, and claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/679,689, filed Nov. 16, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,410,410, issued Aug. 9, 2016, the full disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of InventionThe present disclosure relates to hydraulic fracturing of subterranean formations. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method and device for remotely generating and transmitting power for hydraulic fracturing of a subterranean formation.
2. Description of Prior ArtHydraulic fracturing is a technique used to stimulate production from some hydrocarbon producing wells. The technique usually involves injecting fluid into a wellbore at a pressure sufficient to generate fissures in the formation surrounding the wellbore. Typically the pressurized fluid is injected into a portion of the wellbore that is pressure isolated from the remaining length of the wellbore so that fracturing is limited to a designated portion of the formation. The fracturing fluid slurry, whose primary component is usually water, includes proppant (such as sand or ceramic) that migrate into the fractures with the fracturing fluid slurry and remain to prop open the fractures after pressure is no longer applied to the wellbore. Sometimes, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, foam, diesel, or other fluids are used as the primary component instead of water. A typical hydraulic fracturing fleet may include a data van unit, blender unit, hydration unit, chemical additive unit, hydraulic fracturing pump unit, sand equipment, wireline, and other equipment.
Traditionally, the fracturing fluid slurry has been pressurized on surface by high pressure pumps powered by diesel engines. To produce the pressures required for hydraulic fracturing, the pumps and associated engines have substantial volume and mass. Heavy duty trailers, skids, or trucks are required for transporting the large and heavy pumps and engines to sites where wellbores are being fractured. Each hydraulic fracturing pump usually includes power and fluid ends, seats, valves, springs, and keepers internally. These parts allow the pump to draw in low pressure fluid (approximately 100 psi) and discharge the same fluid at high pressures (up to 15,000 psi or more). The diesel engines and transmission which power hydraulic fracturing units typically generate large amounts of vibrations of both high and low frequencies. These vibrations are generated by the diesel engine, the transmission, the hydraulic fracturing pump as well as the large cooling fan and radiator needed to cool the engine and transmission. Low frequency vibrations and harshness are greatly increased by the large cooling fans and radiator required to cool the diesel engine and transmission. In addition, the diesel engine and transmission are coupled to the hydraulic fracturing pump through a u-joint drive shaft, which requires a three degree offset from the horizontal output of the transmission to the horizontal input of the hydraulic fracturing pump. Diesel powered hydraulic fracturing units are known to jack and jump while operating in the field from the large amounts of vibrations. The vibrations may contribute to fatigue failures of many differed parts of a hydraulic fracturing unit. Recently electrical motors have been introduced to replace the diesel motors, which greatly reduces the noise generated by the equipment during operation. Because of the high pressures generated by the pumps, and that the pumps used for pressurizing the fracturing fluid are reciprocating pumps, a significant amount of vibration is created when pressurizing the fracturing fluid. The vibration transmits to the piping that carries the fracturing fluid and its associated equipment, thereby increasing probabilities of mechanical failure for the piping and equipment, and also shortening their useful operational time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONDisclosed herein is an example of a hydraulic fracturing system for fracturing a subterranean formation which includes an electric motor, a pump coupled to the motor, and that has a discharge in fluid communication with a wellbore that intersects the formation, so that when the motor is activated and drives the pump, pressurized fluid from the pump pressurizes the wellbore to fracture the formation, a variable frequency drive in communication with the electric motor, and that controls the speed of the motor, and performs electric motor diagnostics to prevent damage to the electric motor, a source of electricity that is disposed a long distance from the electric motor, and transmission lines that connect the source of electricity to the electric motor and that span the long distance between the source of electricity and the electric motor. The system can further include a transformer between the transmission line and the source of electricity as well as a transformer between the transmission line and the electric motor. The source of electricity can be a utility outlet, a turbine generator, or a generator powered by any other source. An electric equipment room can be included that is in communication with the turbine generator and which controls operation of the turbine generator. A switch gear can optionally be included between the transmission line and the source of electricity, and another switch gear can be included between the transmission line and the electric motor. In this example, a transformer can be disposed between the switch gear and the electric motor. The electric motor can be a first electric motor, in this embodiment the system further includes a multiplicity of electric motors disposed at different locations, and wherein the transmission lines are selectively moveable at different times to provide electrical communication between the source of electricity and the multiplicity of motors.
Another example of a hydraulic fracturing system for fracturing a subterranean formation disclosed herein is made up of a power generation section, an equipment load section that is a long distance from the power generation section, and which has an electric motor and a pump driven by the electric motor and that has a fluid discharge in communication with a wellbore that intersects the formation. The system also includes a power transmission section that extends between the power generation section and the equipment load section, and through which the power generation section and equipment load section are in electrical communication. The system can include a variable frequency drive in communication with the electric motor, and that controls the speed of the motor, and performs electric motor diagnostics to prevent damage to the electric motor. Lines can be included that provide electrical communication from the transmission section to electrically powered equipment disposed in the equipment load section, and wherein the lines make up a micro grid. The power generation section can include a turbine that is powered by natural gas and that is coupled to a generator. In an alternative, the transmission section has a set of transmission lines, wherein electricity at different phases is transmitted along different lines in the set of lines. Optionally, a one of the lines is a neutral line.
Also described herein is a method of fracturing a subterranean formation and which includes driving a pump with an electrical motor, transmitting electricity to the electrical motor from a power source that is a long distance from the electrical motor, pressurizing a fluid with the pump to form a pressurized fluid, and fracturing the subterranean formation by directing the pressurized fluid to a wellbore that intersects the subterranean formation. The method can also include controlling a speed of the motor with a variable frequency drive, as well as performing diagnostics on the electric motor. In one example, a voltage of the electricity proximate the power source is increased with a transformer, and the voltage of the electricity is decreased proximate the electric motor. Optionally, electrical communication can be suspended between the power source and the electrical motor with one of a cutout or a switch gear. In an embodiment, the electrical motor is a first electrical motor, the pump is a first pump, the wellbore is a first wellbore, and the subterranean formation is a first subterranean formation; in this example transmitting electricity to the electrical motor includes transmitting electricity across a transmission section that has an end in electrical communication with the power source, and another end that is in electrical communication with the first electrical motor, here the method also includes disconnecting the end of the transmission section that is in communication with the first electrical motor and reconnecting that end to a second electrical motor is a long distance from the power supply and that is connected to a second pump, and pressurizing fluid with the second pump and directing the pressurized fluid to a second wellbore for fracturing a second subterranean formation. The power source can be a power generation section that includes devices such as a utility outlet, a turbine generator, and an electrical equipment room.
Some of the features and benefits of the present invention having been stated, others will become apparent as the description proceeds when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the invention will be described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to that embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTIONThe method and system of the present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which embodiments are shown. The method and system of the present disclosure may be in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the illustrated embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey its scope to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. In an embodiment, usage of the term “about” includes +/−5% of the cited magnitude. In an embodiment, usage of the term “substantially” includes +/−5% of the cited magnitude.
It is to be further understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the exact details of construction, operation, exact materials, or embodiments shown and described, as modifications and equivalents will be apparent to one skilled in the art. In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed illustrative embodiments and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for the purpose of limitation.
Shown in
An output of switch gear 22 connects to a cutout 26 via a line 28. Cutout 26 is disposed within the transmission section 14 of the fracturing system 10, and is selectively opened to electrically isolate power generation section 12 from transmission section 14. An output end of cutout 26 connects to transmission lines 301-4, where transmission lines 301-4 define an example of a transmission line set 31. Transmission lines 301-4 transmit electricity from cutout 26 to another cutout 32, which is disposed proximate equipment load section 16. In one embodiment, one of the transmission lines 301-4 is a ground or neutral, while the remaining transmission lines 301-4 carry electricity that is at different phases. Transmission section 14 can be selectively isolated from equipment load section 16 by activating switching components in cutout 32. A switch gear 34 disposed in the equipment load section 16 electrically connects to cutout 32 via a line 36. Switch gear 34 provides electrical isolation between line 36 and equipment load 38. Equipment load 38, which connects to switch gear 34 through line 40, represents end users of electricity generated by electricity source 18, and which as described in more detail below, pressurizes fluid that is used to fracture a subterranean formation.
In the illustrated example, power generation system 12 is located distal from equipment load section 16, and the transmission section 14 and transmission lines 301-4 necessarily span the distance between power generation system 12 and equipment load section 16. Example distances between power generation system 12 and equipment load section 16 include up to about one mile, up to about five miles, up to about 20 miles, up to about 50 miles, up to about 100 miles, up to about 300 miles, up to about all distances between the cited distances, and about one mile, five miles, 20 miles, 50 miles, 100 miles, 300 miles, and all distances there between. For the purposes of discussion herein, a long distance between a power generation system 12 and equipment load section 16 is at least one half of a mile. Advantages of a transmission section 14 that extends long distances, include that the fracturing system 10 disclosed herein can operate at a designated operation performance and overcome physical conditions that are present at a fracturing site. Such physical conditions include insufficient available space proximate a well site that is being fractured to accommodate both the equipment load section 16 and power generation section 12. Other restrictions may prevent the power generation system 12 from being situated with or proximate to the equipment load section 16, such as noise and emissions restrictions local to an area being fractured (i.e. wildlife preserves, residential neighborhoods, airports). Thus the power generation section 12 can be set a long distance from the equipment load section 16, and yet still provide ample electricity to operate the equipment load section 16 to a designated performance level. Alternatively, the power generation section 12 can be selectively connected to, and power, multiple different equipment load sections 16 that are disposed distal from the power generation section 12.
Referring now to
Shown in schematic form in
In an alternative, each hydraulic fracturing pump 84 is decoupled independently from the main electric motor 88. In one example, the motor 88 is controlled by a variable frequency drive (“VFD”) 91. After being discharged from pump 84, slurry is injected into a wellhead assembly 92; discharge piping 94 connects discharge of pump 84 with wellhead assembly 92 and provides a conduit for the slurry between the pump 84 and the wellhead assembly 92. In an alternative, hoses or other connections can be used to provide a conduit for the slurry between the pump 84 and the wellhead assembly 92. Optionally, any type of fluid can be pressurized by the fracturing pump 84 to form a fracturing fluid that is then pumped into the wellbore 60 for fracturing the formation 64, and is not limited to fluids having chemicals or proppant. Examples also exist wherein the system 38A includes the ability to pump down equipment, instrumentation, or other retrievable items through the slurry into the wellbore.
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The present invention described herein, therefore, is well adapted to carry out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as others inherent therein. While a presently preferred embodiment of the invention has been given for purposes of disclosure, numerous changes exist in the details of procedures for accomplishing the desired results. These and other similar modifications will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be encompassed within the spirit of the present invention disclosed herein and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. A hydraulic fracturing system for fracturing a subterranean formation comprising:
- an electric motor;
- a pump coupled to the motor, and that has a discharge in fluid communication with a wellbore that intersects the formation, so that when the motor is activated and drives the pump, pressurized fluid from the pump pressurizes the wellbore to fracture the formation;
- a source of electricity that is disposed a long distance from the electric motor; and
- transmission lines that connect the source of electricity to the electric motor and that span the long distance between the source of electricity and the electric motor.
3. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 2, further comprising a transformer between the transmission line and the source of electricity.
4. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 2, further comprising a transformer between the transmission line and the electric motor.
5. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 2, wherein the source of electricity is selected from the group consisting of a utility outlet, a turbine generator, and a reciprocating engine generator.
6. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 5, further comprising an electric equipment room in communication with the turbine generator and which controls operation of the turbine generator.
7. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 2, further comprising a switch gear between the transmission line and the source of electricity, and another switch gear between the transmission line and the electric motor.
8. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 7, further comprising a transformer between the switch gear and the electric motor.
9. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 2, wherein the electric motor comprises a first electric motor, the system further comprising a multiplicity of electric motors, and wherein the transmission lines are selectively moveable at different times to provide electrical communication between the source of electricity and the multiplicity of motors.
10. A hydraulic fracturing system for fracturing a subterranean formation comprising:
- a power generation section;
- an equipment load section that is a long distance from the power generation section, and that comprises, an electric motor, and a pump driven by the electric motor and that has a discharge in communication with a wellbore that intersects the formation; and
- a transmission section that extends between the power generation section and the equipment load section, and through which the power generation section and equipment load section are in electrical communication.
11. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 10, further comprising a variable frequency drive in communication with the electric motor, and that controls the speed of the motor, and performs electric motor diagnostics to prevent damage to the electric motor.
12. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 10, further comprising lines that provide electrical communication from the transmission section to electrically powered equipment disposed in the equipment load section, and wherein the lines comprise a micro grid.
13. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 10, wherein the power generation section comprises a turbine that is powered by natural gas and that is coupled to a generator.
14. The hydraulic fracturing system of claim 10, the transmission section comprising a set of transmission lines, wherein at least one of the transmission lines is a neutral line, and wherein electricity at different phases is transmitted along the other transmission lines.
15. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation comprising:
- driving a pump with an electric motor;
- transmitting electricity to the electric motor from a power source that is a long distance from the electric motor;
- pressurizing a fluid with the pump to form a pressurized fluid; and
- fracturing the subterranean formation by directing the pressurized fluid to a wellbore that intersects the subterranean formation.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising controlling a speed of the motor with a variable frequency drive.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising performing diagnostics on the electric motor with the variable frequency drive.
18. The method of claim 15, further comprising increasing a voltage of the electricity proximate the power source with a transformer, and decreasing the voltage of the electricity proximate the electric motor.
19. The method of claim 15, further comprising suspending electrical communication between the power source and the electric motor with one of a cutout or a switch gear.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein the electric motor comprises a first electric motor, the pump comprises a first pump, the wellbore comprises a first wellbore, and the subterranean formation comprises a first subterranean formation, and wherein the step of transmitting electricity to the electric motor comprises transmitting electricity across a transmission section that has an end in electrical communication with the power source, and another end that is in electrical communication with the first electric motor, the method further comprising,
- disconnecting the end of the transmission section that is in communication with the first electric motor and reconnecting that end to a second electric motor is a long distance from the power supply and that is connected to a second pump, and
- pressurizing fluid with the second pump and directing the pressurized fluid to a second wellbore for fracturing a second subterranean formation.
21. The method of claim 15, wherein the power source comprises a power generation section that includes devices selected from the group consisting of a utility outlet, a turbine generator, and an electrical equipment room.
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 26, 2019
Publication Date: Oct 29, 2020
Applicant: U.S. Well Services, LLC (Houston, TX)
Inventors: Jared Oehring (Houston, TX), Brandon Neil HINDERLITER (Houston, TX)
Application Number: 16/696,364