METHOD FOR DETERMINING SENSITIVITY TO SIMULTANEOUS INHIBITOR AGAINST PARP AND TANKYRASE
The present invention relates to a method for determining sensitivity to a simultaneous inhibitor against poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and Tankyrase. According to the present invention, a colorectal treatment effect can be maximized by sorting patients having sensitivity to the simultaneous inhibitor against PARP and Tankyrase.
The application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/742,408, filed Jan. 5, 2018, which is a national phase application of International Patent Application No. PCT/KR2016/007333, filed Jul. 6, 2016, which claims the benefit of Republic of Korea Patent Application No. 10-2015-0095924, filed Jul. 6, 2015, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELDThe present disclosure was made under the Task No. H10600868 under the support of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Republic of Korea. The research management specialized institute of the above task is the Korea Health Industry Development Institute, the research project name is “Leading Specialization Research Project,” the research task name is “Development of anticancer drugs targeting Wnt signaling mechanism,” and the research institute is the Institute for Innovative Cancer Research of Asan Medical Center in Seoul. The research period is from Dec. 1, 2013 to Nov. 30, 2016.
The present invention relates to a method for determining susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase) and Tankyrase.
BACKGROUNDBiomarkers are defined as ‘indicators that can objectively measure and evaluate the response of drugs to normal biological processes, disease progression, and treatment methods’. Recently, with the development of gene analysis technology, research on the relationship between a specific gene mutation and a specific disease has increased, so that a biomarker can be re-defined as a molecular and biological indicator that covers the differences in gene and genetic mutation, the differences in expressions of RNA, protein, and metabolites.
In addition, the Companion Diagnostic Device (CDx), by which the susceptibility of biomarkers can be determined, has been developed to classify patients so that the treatment effect of medicines can be maximized or side effects of medicines for more effective treatment can be minimized.
The large intestine is a long tube-like digestive tract of about 150 cm connected from the end of the small intestine to the anus. It is divided into cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal. Malignant tumors arising in the colon and rectum are colon cancer. The majority of colon cancers are adenocarcinoma (i.e., adenocarcinoma), which is a cancer of the glandular cells in the mucous membranes. In addition, the protopathy such as lymphomas, malignant carcinoid tumors, leiomyosarcoma, etc. may occur.
Numerous theses and patent documents are referenced and cited throughout this specification. The disclosures of the cited theses and patent documents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety to better illustrate the state of the art to which the present disclosure pertains and the content of the present invention.
Technical ProblemThe present inventors have attempted to develop a method for determining susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP and Tankyrase to maximize the treatment effect of the simultaneous inhibitor against PARP (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase) and Tankyrase, which are colon cancer drugs. As a result, the present inventors have completed the present invention by confirming that the treatment effect of a simultaneous inhibitor against the PARP and the Tankyrase can be maximized when a p53 genotype of the colorectal cancer cells isolated from a patient with colorectal cancer is a normal type and a genotype of LIG4 is a mutant type.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for determining susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP and Tankyrase.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kit for determining susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP and Tankyrase.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, claims and drawings.
Technical SolutionAccording to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for determining susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase) and Tankyrase, the method comprises the following steps of:
(a) isolating colorectal cancer cells from patient with colorectal cancers;
(b) isolating nucleic acid molecules of colorectal cancer cells of the step (a); and
(c) identifying genotypes of a p53 gene and an LIG4 (DNA ligase 4) gene in the nucleic acid molecule of the step (b), wherein where the genotype of the p53 gene is a normal type and the genotype of the LIG4 gene is a mutant type, it is determined that the patient is susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP and Tankyrase.
The present inventors have attempted to develop a method for determining susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP and Tankyrase to maximize the treatment effect of the simultaneous inhibitor against PARP (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase) and Tankyrase, which are colon cancer drugs. As a result, the present inventors have confirmed that the treatment effect of the simultaneous inhibitors against PARP and the Tankyrase can be maximized when the p53 genotype of the colorectal cancer cells isolated from a patient with colorectal cancer is a normal type and the genotype of LIG4 is a mutant type.
The method for determining susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP and Tankyrase according to the present invention will be described in detail step by step.
Step (a) Isolation of Colorectal Cancer Cells
First, in order to obtain colorectal cancer cells from a patient with a colorectal cancer, they could be obtained by cutting colorectal cancer tissue and then treating it with an appropriate proteolytic enzyme.
The proteolytic enzyme may be one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of papain, pancreatin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, streptokinase, streptodornase, ficain, carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, chymopapain, bromelin, and subtilisin.
Step (b) Isolation of Nucleic Acid Molecules
Next, nucleic acid molecules of colon cancer cells of the step (a) are isolated.
As used herein, the term “nucleic acid molecule” has a comprehensive meaning inclusive of DNA (gDNA and cDNA) and RNA molecules, and the nucleotide, which is a basic constituent unit in the nucleic acid molecule, includes not only natural nucleotides, but also analogues in which sugar or base moieties are modified (Scheit, Nucleotide Analogs, John Wiley, New York (1980); Uhlman and Peyman, Chemical Reviews, 90: 543-584 (1990)).
In the method of the present invention, the nucleic acid molecule can be obtained from colon cancer cells isolated from colon cancer tissue of a colon cancer patient.
Step (c) Identification of p53 and LIG4 Genotypes
Next, as the step of confirming the genotypes of the p53 gene and LIG4 (DNA ligase 4) gene of the nucleic acid molecule of the step (b), in which when the genotype of the p53 gene is a normal type and the genotype of the LIG4 gene is a mutant type, there is susceptibility to PARP and Tankyrase inhibitors.
In order to confirm the genotypes, when the starting material is gDNA, the isolation of gDNA may be carried out according to conventional methods known in the art (see Rogers & Bendich (1994)). When the starting material is mRNA, the total RNA is isolated by a conventional method known in the art (see Sambrook, J. et al., Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual, 3rd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Press (2001); Ausubel, F. M. et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Willey & Sons (1987); and Chomczynski, P. et al., Anal. Biochem. 162:156 (1987)). The isolated total RNA is synthesized into cDNA using reverse transcriptase. Since the total RNA is isolated from animal cells, it has a poly-A tail at the end of mRNA. cDNA can be easily synthesized using oligo dT primers and reverse transcriptase using such a sequence characteristic (see PNAS USA, 85: 8998 (1988); Libert F, et al., Science, 244: 569 (1989); and Sambrook, J. et al., Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual, 3rd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Press (2001)).
In the method of the present invention, the step (c) may be carried out by applying various methods known in the art used for genotyping of genotype.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step (c) may be performed by DNA sequencing, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Random Amplified Polymorphic Detection (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Detection (AFLPD), ASO (Allele Specific Oligonucleotide) probe or DNA microarray.
If the genotype of the p53 gene is a normal type and the genotype of the LIG4 gene is a mutant type, it is determined to have susceptibility to PARP and Tankyrase inhibitors.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the p53 gene includes a nucleotide sequence, the sequence listing represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 when the genotype thereof is a normal type, and the LIG4 gene includes a nucleotide sequence, the sequence listing represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 when the genotype thereof is a normal type.
When the genotype of the LIG4 gene is a mutant type, it includes the mutation of the nucleotide sequence of LIG4.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, where the LIG4 gene is one or more sequence variants selected from the group consisting of a substitution of cytosine to thymine at position 8, a substitution of cytosine to thymine at position 26, a substitution of guanine to adenine at position 833 and a substitution of thymine to cytosine at position 1704 of SEQ ID NO: 2, it is determined that the genotype is a mutant type.
When the genotype of the LIG4 gene is a mutant type, it includes the mutation of the amino acid sequence of LIG4.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, where the LIG4 gene is one or more sequence variants selected from the group consisting of a substitution of alanine to valine at position 3, a substitution of threonine to isoleucine at position 9, a substitution of arginine to histidine at position 278 and a substitution of thymine of aspartic acid (GAT) to cytosine at position 568 of SEQ ID NO: 3, it is determined that the genotype is a mutant type.
When the thymine base of aspartic acid (GAT), which is the 568th amino acid, is substituted with cytosine, the thymine base in the GAT, which is a codon that encodes for aspartic acid, the 568th amino acid, is an aspartic acid (GAC) substituted with cytosine.
As the step of confirming the genotypes of the p53 gene and LIG4 (DNA ligase 4) gene of the nucleic acid molecule, when the genotype of the p53 gene is a normal type and the genotype of the LIG4 gene is a mutant type, it is determined to have susceptibility to PARP and Tankyrase inhibitors.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the IUPAC name of the PARP and Tankyrase inhibitor, Compound A, is 8-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-10-ethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-5(6H)-one, and the IUPAC name of Compound B is 6-{4-[(5-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydrobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}nicotinonitrile.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the present disclosure provides a kit for determining susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase) and Tankyrase, in which the kit includes: (a) a primer or a probe that specifically binds to a nucleotide sequence encoding a p53 gene; and (b) a primer or a probe that specifically binds to a nucleotide sequence encoding an LIG4 (DNA ligase 4) gene.
As used herein, the term “primer” refers to a single strand oligonucleotide that can act as a starting point for template-directed DNA synthesis under suitable conditions (i.e., four other nucleoside triphosphates and polymerization enzymes) in a suitable buffer at a suitable temperature. The suitable length of the primer is typically 15 to 30 nucleotides, although it varies with various factors such as temperature and use of the primer. Short primer molecules generally require lower temperatures to form a sufficiently stable hybrid complex with the template.
The sequence of the primer does not need to have a sequence completely complementary to a partial sequence of the template, and it is sufficient that the primer has sufficient complementarity within a range capable of hybridizing with the template and acting as a unique primer. Therefore, the primer in the present disclosure does not need to have a perfectly complementary sequence to the above-mentioned nucleotide sequence which is a template, and it is sufficient that the primer has sufficient complementarity within a range capable of hybridizing with the gene sequence and acting as a primer. The design of such a primer can be easily carried out by those skilled in the art with reference to the nucleotide sequence described above, for example, by using a program for primer design (e.g., PRIMER 3 program).
As used herein, the term “probe” refers to a linear oligomer of natural or modified monomers or linkages, including deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides and can specifically hybridize to a target nucleotide sequence, and are naturally present or artificially synthesized. The probe of the present disclosure is preferably a single strand and is an oligodioxyribonucleotide.
The nucleotide sequence of the marker of the present disclosure to be referred to in the preparation of the primer or probe can be confirmed by GenBank. For example, the p53 of the present disclosure has the nucleotide sequence having GenBank Accession No. NM_000546.5 and the LIG4 has the nucleotide sequence having GenBank Accession No. NM_002312.3, and primers or probes can be designed with reference to this sequence.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the nucleotide sequence encoding the p53 gene is represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and the nucleotide sequence encoding the LIG4 gene is represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, in order to detect the mutant LIG4 gene, a primer pair represented by SEQ ID NOS.: 8 and 9, a pair of primers represented by SEQ ID NOS.: 10 and 11 and a pair of primers represented by SEQ ID NOS.: 12 and 13 are used.
Advantageous EffectsThe features and advantages of the present invention are summarized as follows:
(a) The present invention provides a method and a kit for determining susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP (poly ADP Ribose Polymerase) and Tankyrase.
(b) The present invention can maximize the treatment effect of colon cancer by classifying patient groups with susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP and Tankyrase.
SUMMARYAdditional aspects and advantages will be apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It will be obvious to those having skill in the art that many changes may be made to the details of the above-described embodiments without departing from the underlying principles of the invention. The scope of the present invention should, therefore, be determined only by the following claims.
Modes of the Invention
Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the examples. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for describing the present disclosure in more detail and that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited by these embodiments in accordance with the gist of the present invention.
The IUPAC name of the novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor Compound A used in the present disclosure is 8-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-10-ethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-5(6H)-one, and the IUPAC name of Compound B is 6-{4-[(5-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydrobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}nicotinonitrile.
Example 1: IC50 Analysis of Compound a as a PARP/Tankyrase Simultaneous InhibitorThe present inventors conducted an in vitro cell base assay to analyze the anticancer activity of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, in 18 human colon cancer cell lines (Korean Cell Line Bank and ATCC purchased), and the cell viability and IC50 of the cell lines for Compound A, the novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, were measured.
As the experimental conditions and methods, a total of 18 human colon cancer cell lines were cultured in RPM11640 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640; 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin), and each cell line was cultured in 96 well plate for 2×103 per well at 37° C. for 24 hours and the novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, Compound A, was diluted by a multiple of 2 at a maximum of 100 μM and a minimum of 0.390625 μM (100 μM, 50 μM, 25 μM, 12.5 μM, 6.25 μM, 3.125 μM, 1.5625 μM, 0.78125 μM and 0.390625 μM). After the treatment, it was cultured at 37° C. for 72 hours. As for the drug treatment group and non-treatment group, the cell viability of each cell line was measured by MTS analysis (Promega, CellTiter 96 AQeous One Solution) and the IC50 of each cell line was measured using the PRISM program.
Experiment Result
As a result of analyzing IC50 using MTS analysis of each of the 18 human colon cancer cell lines treated with Compound A, a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, the significant IC50 values of Compound A were shown in the cell lines of 10 species (HCT116, HT29, RKO, LoVo, LS174T, Colo201, Colo205, Colo320HSR, HCT8 and Caco-2).
The present inventors analyzed the correlation of 18 human colon cancer cell lines, an anti-cancer effect of Compound A which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor and the genotype of the p53 gene through an in vitro cell base assay in the same experimental method as Example 1 in 18 human colon cancer cell lines.
Experiment Result
As a result of the comparison with the IC50 of Compound A, which is a PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and the p53 genotype commonly found in colon cancer in 18 human colon cancer cell lines, colon cancer cells with the normal p53 genotype were analyzed with low IC50 values. The relationship between the p53 genotype and Compound A, a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, was shown.
In order to analyze the degree of apoptosis of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, depending on the presence or absence of the p53 gene and the presence or absence of the DNA repair gene, the present inventors reduced gene expression by an ATR, XLF, XRCC4 and LIG4 siRNA knockdown method known as a DNA repair gene in the human colon cancer cell line HCT116 in which the p53 normal gene is present, and then treated with Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor. Then, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis. As the experimental conditions and methods, the HCT116 p53 null human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is normal and the HCT116 and p53 gene are deficient is cultured in RPMI1640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin), and 1×105 per well was cultured at 37° C. for 24 hours in a 60 mm plate. ATR, XLF, XRCC4 and LIG4 (SEQ ID NO: 4; ATR siRNA 5′-GAGUUCUCAGAAGUCAACC-3′, SEQ ID NO: 5; XLF siRNA 5′-CGCUGAUUCGAGAUCGAUUGA-3′, SEQ ID NO: 6; XRCC4 siRNA 5′-CUGAUCUCUCUGGGUUGGCUU-3′, SEQ ID NO: 7; LIG4 siRNA 5′-GGGAGUGUCUCAUGUAAUA-3′) were infused into cells by means of Lipofectamin 2000 (Invitrogen), and knocked down at 37° C. for 48 hours. The cells were treated with 25 μM and 50 μM of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor. After 48 hours of culturing, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining and the degree of apoptosis was confirmed.
Experiment Result
DNA repair-related genes were knocked down according to the presence or absence of p53 gene in HCT116 and p53-deficient HCT116 (HCT116 p53 null), which are colon cancer cell lines of normal genotype p53. As a result of analyzing a DNA repair gene which shows the susceptibility only in Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, in case where the p53 gene is normal and the LIG gene is deficient, the apoptosis is significantly increased, thus showing a selective result in Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor (
In order to confirm an LIG4 genotype in the colon cancer cell line, the present inventors analyzed the mutation/deficiency of an LIG4 genotype in 20 colon cancer cell lines through RT-PCR and sequencing. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: A total of 20 colon cancer cell lines were subjected to total RNA extraction with Trizol RNA extraction method using a homogenizer, and 500 ng of total RNA was re-synthesized into cDNA and PCR was performed using LIG4 primer (SEQ ID NO: 8; LIG4 primer Exon2-1 forward primer 5′-GCTAGCTGCTATTGCAGATATTGAGC-3′, SEQ ID NO: 9; LIG4 primer Exon2-1 reverse primer 5′-AGAACCTTCAGTAGGAGAAGCACCAA-3′, SEQ ID NO: 10; LIG4 primer Exon2-2 forward primer Exon2-2 forward primer 5′-CCTGGTGAGAAGCCATCTGT-3′, SEQ ID NO: 11; LIG4 primer Exon2-2 reverse primer 5′-GCCTTCCCCCTAAGTTGTTC-3′). After electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel, the mutant analysis was confirmed by sanger sequencing of the PCR product in which the expression of LIG4 was confirmed through Et-Br staining.
Experiment Result
In order to confirm whether there is any mutation of LIG4 genotype in 20 human colon cancer cell lines, the G833 and T1704 sites, which are known as malfunction mutation sites of the LIG4 gene, were analyzed by the singer sequencing method. As a result, it has been confirmed that there is a mutation of LIG4 genotype in 8 colon cancer cell lines among 20 thereof.
In order to analyze the degree of apoptosis of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor according to a p53 genotype and LIG4 genotype, the present inventors treated a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, Compound A, and a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, olaparib, in RKO, LoVo human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and the LIG4 gene is a mutant type and an SW620 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a mutant type and the LIG4 gene is a normal type. The number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: RKO, LoVo human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and the LIG4 gene is a mutant type and the SW620 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a mutant type and the LIG4 gene is a normal type were cultured in RPMI1640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) and cultured in a 60 mm plate at 1×105 per well for 24 hours at 37° C. Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were treated with each of 25 μM and 50 μM and were cultured for 48 hours. The number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of apoptosis by treating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor in a human colon cancer cell line whose p53 and LIG4 genotypes are difference, the apoptosis was induced by Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, in the RKO, LoVo human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 gene is a mutant type, and no apoptosis effect was shown in olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor. In the SW620 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a mutant type and an LIG4 gene is a normal type, it was observed that both Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib showed low apoptosis effect, thus showing a selective result in Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor in which the p53 genotype is normal and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type (
In order to analyze the degree of DNA damage of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor when the p53 gene is a normal type, the present inventors treated a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, Compound A, and the competitive drug PARP inhibitor, olaparib, in the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type, and then the DNA damage was confirmed by immunochemical method as the expression level of r-H2AX. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: HCT116 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type was cultured in RPM11640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) and cultured in a 60 mm plate at 1×105 per well for 24 hours at 37° C. Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were treated with 50 μM each and were cultured for 48 hours. After being fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature and being washed with TBS-T buffer three times for 10 minutes, they were permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 10 minutes. After being washed three times for 10 minutes with TBS-T buffer, they were blocked with 5% BSA for 1 hour at room temperature. The r-H2AX antibody was diluted at a ratio of 1:100 in 1% BSA, reacted overnight at 4° C., washed three times for 10 minutes with TBS-T buffer, and the secondary antibody (alexa fluor0488 fitc) was diluted at a ratio of 1:100 in 1% BSA, reacted at room temperature for 2 hours, and then washed with TBS-T A buffer three times for 10 minutes, and stained with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) to confirm the expression level of r-H2AX under a fluorescence microscope.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the DNA damage with the expression level of r-H2AX by imuunocytochemistry method by treating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor in a human colon cancer cell lineHCT116 in which the p53 gene is a normal type, a group treated with Compound A, the novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, showed a higher expression of r-H2AX than the group treated with olaparib, thus inducing DNA damage of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor (
In order to analyze the degree of DNA damage of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, when the p53 gene is a normal type and the LIG4 gene is a mutant type, the present inventors treated a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, Compound A, and the competitive drug PARP inhibitor, olaparib, in the RKO human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and the LIG4 gene is a mutant type, and the DNA damage was confirmed by the immunochemical method as the expression level of r-H2AX. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: RKO human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and the LIG4 gene is a mutant type was cultured in RPM11640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) and cultured in a 60 mm plate at 1×105 per well for 24 hours at 37° C. Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were treated with 50 μM each and were cultured for 48 hours. After being fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature and being washed with TBS-T buffer ten times for 5 minutes, they were permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 10 minutes. After being washed three times for 10 minutes with TBS-T buffer, they were blocked with 5% BSA for 1 hour at room temperature. The r-H2AX antibody was diluted at a ratio of 1:100 in 1% BSA, reacted overnight at 4° C., washed three times for 10 minutes with TBS-T buffer, and the secondary antibody (alexa fluor0488 fitc) was diluted at a ratio of 1:100 in 1% BSA, reacted at room temperature for 2 hours, and then washed with TBS-T A buffer three times for 10 minutes, and stained with DAPI to confirm the expression level of r-H2AX under a fluorescence microscope.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the DNA damage with the expression level of r-H2AX by imuunocytochemistry method by treating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor in the RKO human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and the LIG4 gene is a mutant type, the expression of r-H2AX was increased only in the group treated with Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, indicating that it induces DNA damage of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor (
In order to analyze the degree of DNA damage and the degree of apoptosis of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, when the p53 gene is a normal type and the LIG4 gene is a mutant type, the present inventors treated a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, Compound A, and the competitive drug PARP inhibitor, olaparib, in the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene and an LIG4 gene are normal types and in the RKO human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 gene is a mutant type, and then confirmed the DNA damage with the expression level of r-H2Ax by western blotting method and confirmed the degree of apoptosis with the expression level of cleaved caspase 3. The conditions and method of the experiment were as follows: The HCT116 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene and an LIG4 gene are normal types and the RKO human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 gene is a mutant type were cultured in RPM11640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) and cultured in a 60 mm plate at 1×105 per well for 24 hours at 37° C. Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were treated with 50 μM each and were cultured for 48 hours. Then, the cells were obtained using a centrifuge. Each cell thus obtained was dissolved using an RIPA buffer, and the proteins were extracted using a high-speed centrifuge. 30 μg protein per cell was electrophoresed by western blot method to separate proteins and transferred to PDVF membrane. The r-H2AX, truncated caspase 3, and b-actin antibody were diluted with each 1:2000 in 5% skim milk. Then, the cells were reacted at 4° C. for 12 hours and then washed three times for 15 minutes with TBS-T buffer. The secondary antibody was diluted with each 1:2000 ratio in 5% skim milk and reacted at room temperature for 2 hours. It was washed with TBS-T buffer three times for 15 minutes to induce luminescence of PDVF membrane using ECL (Enhanced Chemiluminescence) buffer solution to develop protein expression on each anti-body using an X-ray film.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of DNA damage and apoptosis with the expression levels of r-H2AX and truncated caspase 3 by western blotting by treating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, in the human colon cancer cell line HCT116 in which the p53 genotype is a normal type and the human colon cancer cell line RKO in which an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the group treated with Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, showed an increased expression of r-H2AX than the group treated with olaparib, and showed an increased expression amount of the truncated caspase 3, thus inducing DNA damage of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and apoptosis (
In order to analyze the degree of apoptosis of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, when the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the present inventors treated a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, Compound A, and the competitive drug PARP inhibitor, olaparib, while overexpressing an LIG4 mutant type in the HCT8 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a normal type. Then, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis. The conditions and methods of the above experiment were as follows: HCT8 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and the LIG4 gene is a normal type was cultured in RPM11640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) and cultured in a 60 mm plate at 1×105 per well for 24 hours at 37° C. G833A or T1704C plasmid DNA in which an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type was infused into cells by means of Lipofectamin 2000 (Invitrogen), and then overexpressed at 37° C. for 48 hours. Then, the cells were treated with each of 25 μM and 50 μM of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor and olaparib, a competitive drug PARP inhibitor. After 48 hours of culturing, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining and the degree of apoptosis was confirmed.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of apoptosis by trypan blue straining exclusion assay by treating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor while expressing G833A or T1704C in which an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type in the human colon cancer cell line HCT8 in which the p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype is a normal type, as compared to a control group (empty) into which an LIG4 mutant gene is not inserted, in case where an LIG4 mutant G833A or T1704C is overexpressed, it showed that the apoptosis was increased by Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor (
In order to analyze the degree of apoptosis of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, when the p53 genotype is a mutant type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the present inventors treated a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, Compound A, and the competitive drug PARP inhibitor, olaparib, while overexpressing an LIG4 mutant type in the SW620 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a mutant type and an LIG4 genotype is a normal type. Then, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis. The conditions and methods of the above experiment were as follows: SW620 human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a mutant type and the LIG4 gene is a normal type was cultured in RPMI1640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) and cultured in a 60 mm plate at 1×105 per well for 24 hours at 37° C. G833A or T1704C plasmid DNA in which an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type was infused into cells by means of Lipofectamin 2000 (Invitrogen), and then overexpressed at 37° C. for 48 hours. Then, the cells were treated with each of 25 μM and 50 μM of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor and olaparib, a competitive drug PARP inhibitor. After 48 hours of culturing, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining and the degree of apoptosis was confirmed.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of apoptosis by trypan blue straining exclusion assay by treating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor while expressing G833A or T1704C in which an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type in the human colon cancer cell line SW620 in which the p53 genotype is a mutant type and an LIG4 genotype is a normal type, as compared to a control group (empty) into which an LIG4 mutant gene is not inserted, in case where an LIG4 mutant G833A or T1704C is overexpressed, no change in the apoptosis was shown by Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor. As illustrated in
The present inventors conducted an experiment in the same manner as Example 9 to analyze the degree of apoptosis and DNA damage of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, when the p53 genotype is a mutant type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type. The number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining method and the degree of apoptosis was confirmed. The cells were obtained using a centrifuge. Each cell thus obtained was dissolved using an RIPA buffer, and the proteins were extracted using a high-speed centrifuge. 30 μg protein per cell was electrophoresed by western blot method to separate proteins and transferred to PDVF membrane. The r-H2AX, truncated caspase 3, and b-actin antibody were diluted with each 1:2000 ratio in 5% skim milk. Then, the cells were reacted at 4° C. for 12 hours and then washed three times for 15 minutes with TBS-T buffer. The secondary antibody was diluted with each 1:2000 ratio in 5% skim milk and reacted at room temperature for 2 hours. It was washed with TBS-T buffer three times for 15 minutes to induce luminescence of PDVF membrane using ECL buffer solution to develop protein expression on each antibody using an X-ray film.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of DNA damage and the degree of apoptosis by r-H2AX and the expression level of truncated caspase 3 by western blot and observing the degree of apoptosis by trypan blue straining exclusion assay by treating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, while overexpressing G833A or T1704C in which an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type in the human colon cancer cell line HCT8 in which the p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype is a normal type, the group treated with Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, showed an increased apoptosis by Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor in case of overexpressing the LIG4 mutant G833A or T1704C as compared to a control group (empty) into which an LIG4 mutant gene is not inserted, rather than olaparib, which is a competitive drug (
In order to analyze the degree of apoptosis of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor according to the expression of mutant type p53 and normal type LIG4 when the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the RKO human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type was cultured in the same manner as in Example 7. The p53 mutant type plasmid DNA and the plasmid DNA in which an LIG4 genotype is a normal type were infused into the cells for 48 hours for overexpression at 37° C., and then Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparip, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were treated with 25 μM and 50 μM, respectively, for 48 hours. The number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of apoptosis by trypan blue straining exclusion assay by treating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, while overexpressing the p53 mutant type gene in the human colon cancer cell line RKO in which the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, in case where the p53 mutant type gene was overexpressed as compared to a control group (empty) into which the p53 mutant type gene is not inserted, it was observed that the apoptosis was reduced by Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor (
In order to analyze the anticancer activity of Compounds A and B, which are PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, in four types of human colon cancer cell lines of RKO (p53 WT/LIG4 MT), HCT8 (p53 WT, LIG4 WT), SW620 (p53 MT, LIG4 WT), and KM12C (p53 MT, LIG4 MT) with different p53 and LIG4 genotypes, the present inventors measured the cell viability and IC50 of cell lines for Compounds A and B, which are PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, through in vitro cell base assay. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: Four types of human colon cancer cell lines were cultured in RPMI1640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin), and each cell line was cultured in 96 well plate for 2×103 per well at 37° C. for 24 hours, and the novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, Compound A, was diluted by a multiple of 2 at a maximum of 100 μM and a minimum of 0.390625 μM (100 μM, 50 μM, 25 μM, 12.5 μM, 6.25 μM, 3.125 μM, 1.5625 μM, 0.78125 μM and 0.390625 μM). After the treatment, it was cultured at 37° C. for 72 hours. As for the drug treatment group and non-treatment group, the cell viability of each cell line was measured by MTS analysis (Promega, CellTiter 96 AQeous One Solution) and the IC50 of each cell line was measured using the PRISM program.
Experiment Result
As a result of analyzing IC50 using MTS analysis of each of the 4 human colon cancer cell lines treated with Compounds A and B, which are novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, the lowest IC50 values of Compounds A and B was shown in the RKO in which p53 is a normal type and an LIG4 is a mutant type among 4 types of cell lines, indicating that Compounds A and B, which are novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, show the most excellent anticancer effect in case where p53 is a normal type and LIG4 is a mutant type (Table 4).
In order to analyze the degree of apoptosis of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, according to the p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype, the present inventors treated Compounds A and B, which are novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, in the RKO and LoVo human colon cancer cell lines in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 gene is a mutant type. Then, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis. The RKO and LoVo human colon cancer cell lines were cultured under the same conditions as in Example 5. Compounds A and B, which are novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, were treated with 25 μM and 50 μM, respectively, for 48 hours. After 48 hours of culturing, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of apoptosis by treating each of Compounds A and B, which are novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, in the human colon cancer cell lines RKO and LoVo in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 gene is a mutant type, in the RKO and LoVo cell lines in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 gene is a mutant type, it is shown that the apoptosis effect is high by virtue of Compound B as compared to Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor. In case where the p53 genotype is normal and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, showed a selective result as compared to Compound A.
Example 15: Analysis of Apoptosis of Compound a and Compound B in Cell Lines Different in p53 Genotype and LIG4 GenotypeIn order to analyze the degree of apoptosis of Compounds A and B, which are novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, in a cell line RKO in which the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, a cell line SW620 in which the p53 genotype is a mutant type and an LIG4 genotype is a normal type, a cell line HCT8 in which the p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype are normal, and a cell line KM12C in which the p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype are mutant, the human colon cancer cell lines of RKO, HCT, SW620 and KM12C with different p53 genotype and LIG4 genotype were cultured in RPM11640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) and cultured in a 60 mm plate at 1×105 per well for 24 hours at 37° C. Compounds A and B, which are novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, and NVP-TNKS656, which is a Tankyrase inhibitor, were treated with each of 25 μM and 50 μM. After 48 hours of culturing, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis.
Experiment Result
As a result of analyzing the degree of apoptosis by trypan blue straining exclusion assay by treating Compounds A and B, which are novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, and NVP-TNKS656, which is a Tankyrase inhibitor in the human colon cancer cell lines RKO, SW620, HCT8 and KM12C with different p53 genotype and LIG4 genotype, it was possible to observe the apoptosis of Compounds A and B, which are novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitors, in the cell line RKO in which the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type. Also, it was observed that there was no change in apoptosis by olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, and NVP-TNKS656, which is a Tankyrase inhibitor (
As in Example 12, in order to analyze the degree of apoptosis of Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, according to the expression of a mutant type p53 and a normal type LIG4 when the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the present inventors treated a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, Compound B, and the competitive drug PARP inhibitor, olaparib, while overexpressing the p53 mutant type and the LIG4 normal type in the RKO human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type. Then, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis. The conditions and methods of the above experiment were as follows: RKO human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 gene is a mutant type was cultured under the same condition as in Example 12. p53 mutant type plasmid DNA and plasmid DNA in which an LIG4 genotype is a normal type were infused into cells by means of Lipofectamin 2000 (Invitrogen), and then overexpressed at 37° C. for 48 hours. Then, Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were treated with each of 25 μM and 50 μM. After 48 hours of culturing, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay and the degree of apoptosis was confirmed.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of apoptosis by trypan blue straining exclusion assay by treating Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, while overexpressing the p53 mutant type gene in the human colon cancer cell line RKO in which the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, in case where the p53 mutant type gene was overexpressed as compared to a control group (empty) into which the p53 mutant type gene is not inserted, it was observed that the apoptosis was reduced by Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor (
As in Example 12, in order to analyze the degree of apoptosis of Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, according to the expression of a mutant type p53 and a normal type LIG4 when the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the present inventors treated a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, Compound B, and the competitive drug PARP inhibitor, olaparib, while overexpressing the p53 mutant type and the LIG4 normal type in the LoVo human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type. Then, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay to confirm the degree of apoptosis. The conditions and methods of the above experiment were the same as the methods of RKO cell culturing and transfection methods of Example 12. Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were treated with each of 25 μM and 50 μM. After 48 hours of culturing, the number of cells was measured by trypan blue staining assay and the degree of apoptosis was confirmed.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of apoptosis by trypan blue straining exclusion assay by treating Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, while overexpressing the p53 mutant type gene in the human colon cancer cell line LoVo in which the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, in case where the p53 mutant type gene was overexpressed as compared to a control group (empty) into which the p53 mutant type gene is not inserted, it was observed that the apoptosis was reduced by Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor (
In order to analyze the degree of DNA damage and the degree of apoptosis of Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, according to the expression of a mutant type p53 and a normal type LIG4 when the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the present inventors cultured and treated the LoVo human colon cancer cell line in which the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type under the same condition as in Example 17. DNA damage was confirmed by the Western blot method at the expression level of r-H2AX, and the degree of apoptosis was confirmed by the same method as Example 11 at the expression level of cleaved caspase 3.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of DNA damage and the degree of apoptosis by western blot by means of the expression amount of r-H2AX and cleaved caspase 3 by treating Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, while overexpressing the p53 mutant type gene in the human colon cancer cell line LoVo in which the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, in case where the p53 mutant type gene was overexpressed as compared to a control group (empty) into which the p53 mutant type gene is not inserted, it was observed that the expression of r-H2AX and the expression amount of cleaved caspase 3 were reduced by Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor (
In order to analyze the tumor inhibition effect on an in vivo animal model for Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and an in vivo animal model for olaparib, when the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the present inventors transplanted the RKO human colon cancer cell line in which a p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type into a 6-week-old nude mouse (BALB/c-nude, purchased from the central experimental animal) and administered with Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor. Then, the size of tumor was measured to confirm the degree of tumor inhibition effect. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: RKO human colon cancer cell line in which a p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 gene is a mutant type was cultured in RPMI1640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin). When the size of the tumor reached 100 mm3 after being transplanted into a nude mouse per 1×107, Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were orally administered at 25 mpk and 50 mpk daily for a total of 27 days. The size of a tumor was measured every three days. After the completion of drug administration, the tumors were harvested and weighed.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of a tumor inhibition effect by administrating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor in the human colon cancer cell line RKO in which a p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the tumor inhibition effect of Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, the size of the tumor was reduced compared with the group administered with olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, and the weight of a tumor was reduced, indicating that the tumor inhibition effect for Compound A was produced in case where p53 is a normal type and LIG4 is a mutant type (
In order to analyze the tumor inhibition effect on Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, in an in vivo animal model when the p53 genotype is a mutant type and an LIG4 genotype is a normal type, the present inventors transplanted the SW620 human colon cancer cell line in which a p53 genotype is a mutant type and an LIG4 genotype is a normal type into a 6-week-old nude mouse (BALB/c-nude, purchased from the central experimental animal) and administered with Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor. Then, the size of tumor was measured to confirm the degree of tumor inhibition effect. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: SW620 human colon cancer cell line in which a p53 gene is a mutant type and an LIG4 gene is a normal type was cultured in RPMI1640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin). When the size of the tumor reached 100 mm3 after being transplanted into a nude mouse per 1×107, Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were orally administered at 25 mpk and 50 mpk daily for a total of 27 days. The size of a tumor was measured every three days. After the completion of drug administration, the tumors were harvested and weighed.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of a tumor inhibition effect by administrating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor in the human colon cancer cell line SW620 in which a p53 genotype is a mutant type and an LIG4 genotype is a normal type, there was no change both in tumor size and weight by Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, indicating that no tumor inhibition effect for Compound A and olaparib was produced in case where p53 is a normal type and LIG4 is a mutant type (
In order to analyze the tumor inhibition effect on Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, in an in vivo animal model when a p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype are mutant types, the present inventors transplanted the KM12C human colon cancer cell line in which a p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype are mutant types into a 6-week-old nude mouse (BALB/c-nude, purchased from the central experimental animal) and administered with Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor. Then, the size of tumor was measured to confirm the degree of tumor inhibition effect. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: KM12C human colon cancer cell line in which a p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype are mutant types was cultured in RPMI1640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin). When the size of the tumor reached 100 mm3 after being transplanted into a nude mouse per 1×107, Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were orally administered at 25 mpk and 50 mpk daily for a total of 18 days. The size of a tumor was measured every three days. After the completion of drug administration, the tumors were harvested and weighed.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of a tumor inhibition effect by administrating Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor in the human colon cancer cell line KM12C in which a p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype are mutant types, there was no change both in tumor size and weight by Compound A, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, indicating that no tumor inhibition effect for Compound A and olaparib was produced in case where both p53 and LIG4 are mutant types (
olaparib in a xenotransplantation animal model using a cell line RKO in which the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type
In order to analyze the tumor inhibition effect on an in vivo animal model for Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, when the p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the present inventors transplanted the RKO human colon cancer cell line in which a p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type into a 6-week-old nude mouse (BALB/c-nude, purchased from the central experimental animal) and administered with Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor. Then, the size of tumor was measured to confirm the degree of tumor inhibition effect. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: RKO human colon cancer cell line in which a p53 gene is a normal type and an LIG4 gene is a mutant type was cultured in RPM11640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin). When the size of the tumor reached 100 mm3 after being transplanted into a nude mouse per 1×107, Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, were orally administered at 25 mpk and 50 mpk daily for a total of 27 days. The size of a tumor was measured every three days. After the completion of drug administration, the tumors were harvested and weighed.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of a tumor inhibition effect by administrating Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor in the human colon cancer cell line RKO in which a p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, the tumor inhibition effect of Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, the size of the tumor was reduced compared with the group administered with olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor, and the weight of a tumor was reduced, indicating that the tumor inhibition effect for Compound B was produced in case where p53 is a normal type and LIG4 is a mutant type (
In order to analyze the tumor inhibition effect on Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, in an in vivo animal model when a p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype are mutant types, the present inventors transplanted the KM12C human colon cancer cell line in which a p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype are mutant types into a 6-week-old nude mouse (BALB/c-nude, purchased from the central experimental animal) and administered with Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor. Then, the size of tumor was measured to confirm the degree of tumor inhibition effect. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: KM12C human colon cancer cell line in which a p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype are mutant types was cultured in RPM11640 (10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin). When the size of the tumor reached 100 mm3 after being transplanted into a nude mouse per 1×107, Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, was orally administered at 25 mpk and 50 mpk daily for a total of 15 days. The size of a tumor was measured every three days. After the completion of drug administration, the tumors were harvested and weighed.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of a tumor inhibition effect by administrating Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, in the human colon cancer cell line KM12C in which in which a p53 genotype and an LIG4 genotype are mutant types, there was no change both in tumor size and weight by Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, indicating that no tumor inhibition effect for Compound B was produced in case where both p53 and LIG4 are mutant types (
In order to confirm an LIG4 genotype in the colon cancer patient-derived cells, the present inventors analyzed the mutation/deficiency of an LIG4 genotype in 36 colon cancer patient-derived cell lines through RT-PCR and sequencing. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: A total of 36 colon cancer patient-derived cell lines were subjected to total RNA extraction with Trizol RNA extraction method using a homogenizer, and 500 ng of total RNA was re-synthesized into cDNA and PCR was performed using LIG4 primer (SEQ ID NO: 12; LIG4 primer Exo n 1-1 forward primer 5′-TTG CTTTACTAGTTAAACGAGAAGATTCA-3′, SEQ ID NO: 13; LIG4 primer Exon1-1 reverse primer 5′-TTCGTTCTAAAGTTGAACACAAATCTG-3′, SEQ ID NO: 8; LIG4 primer Exon2-1 forward primer 5′-GCTAGCTGCTATTGCAGATATTGAGC-3′, SEQ ID NO: 9; LIG4 primer Exon2-1 reverse primer 5′-AGAACCTTCAGTAGGAGAAGCACCAA-3′, SEQ ID. NO.: 10; LIG4 primer Exon2-2 forward primer 5′-CCTGGTGAGAAGCCATCTGT-3′, SEQ ID. NO.: 11; LIG4 primer Exon2-2 reverse primer 5′-GCCTTCCCCCTAAGTTGTTC-3′). After electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel, the mutant analysis was confirmed by Sanger sequencing of the PCR product in which the expression of LIG4 was confirmed through Et-Br staining.
Experiment Result
As a result of analyzing whether there is any mutation in the C8, C27, G833, and T1704 sites of LIG4 in 36 colon cancer patient-derived cell lines, mutations in LIG4 were analyzed in 14 colon cancer patient-derived cell lines
(Table 5).
In order to confirm an LIG4 genotype in the colon cancer patient tissues, the present inventors analyzed the mutation/deficiency of an LIG4 genotype in 39 colon cancer patient-derived tissues through RT-PCR and sequencing. The conditions and methods of the experiment were as follows: A total of 39 colon cancer patient-derived tissues were subjected to total RNA extraction with Trizol RNA extraction method using a homogenizer, and 500 ng of total RNA was re-synthesized into cDNA and PCR was performed using LIG4 primer (SEQ ID NO: 12; LIG4 primer Exon1-1 forward primer 5′-TTGCTTTACTAGTTAAACGAGAAGATTCA-3′, SEQ ID NO: 13; LIG4 primer Exon1-1 reverse primer 5′-TTCGTTCTAAAGTTGAACACAAATCTG-3′, SEQ ID NO: 8; LIG4 primer Exon2-1 forward primer 5′-GCTAGCTGCTATTGCAGATATTGAGC-3′, SEQ ID NO: 9; LIG4 primer Exon2-1 reverse primer 5′-AGAACCTTCAGTAGGAGAAGCACCAA-3′, SEQ ID. NO.: 10; LIG4 primer Exon2-2 forward primer 5′-CCTGGTGAGAAGCCATCTGT-3′, SEQ ID. NO.: 11; LIG4 primer Exon2-2 reverse primer 5′-GCCTTCCCCCTAAGTTGTTC-3′). After electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel, the mutant analysis was confirmed by sanger sequencing of the PCR product in which the expression of LIG4 was confirmed through Et-Br staining.
Experiment Result
As a result of analyzing whether there is any mutation in the C8, C27, G833, and T1704 sites of LIG4 in 39 colon cancer patient tissues, mutations in LIG4 were analyzed in 9 colon cancer patient tissues (Table 6).
In order to analyze the degree of drug efficiency of Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, in the colon cancer patient-derived cells 11-CT-79558D (p53 WT/LIG4 MT), 11-CT-80464B (p53 WT/LIG4 MT) and 11CT-94575 (p53 WT/LIG4 WT), 13CT-78649B (p53 WT/LIG4 WT) in which a p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a normal or mutant type, four different types of human colon cancer patient-derived cells REBM (Renal Growth Basal Medium; 5% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) in which a p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a normal or mutant type, and cultured in a 60 mm plate at 1×105 cells/well for 24 hours at 37° C. The cells were treated with 25 μM and 50 μM of Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a competitive drug PARP inhibitor. After 48 hours of culturing, the change of cell shapes was analyzed to confirm the drug efficacy.
Experiment Result
As a result of observing the degree of change in cell shape by treating the human colon cancer patient-derived cells in which a p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is different with Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, and olaparib, which is a PARP inhibitor, using a microscope, it was observed that the cell shape for Compound B, which is a novel PARP/Tankyrase simultaneous inhibitor, died only in the colon cancer patient-derived cells 11-CT-79558D (p53 WT/LIG4 MT) and 11-CT-80464B (p53 WT/LIG4 MT) in which a p53 genotype is a normal type and an LIG4 genotype is a mutant type, and that there was no change in cell shape in olaparib, which is a PARP inhibitor, thus exhibiting drug reaction for apoptosis by Compound B only in case where a p53 is a normal type and an LIG4 is a mutant type (
From the foregoing, the specific portions of the present disclosure have been described in detail. Therefore, it is apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the pertinent art that such specific technology is merely a preferable embodiment, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Accordingly, the substantial scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1.-17. (canceled)
18. A kit for determining susceptibility to a simultaneous inhibitor against PARP (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase) and Tankyrase, the kit comprising:
- (a) a primer or a probe that specifically binds to a nucleotide sequence encoding a p53 gene; and
- (b) a primer or a probe that specifically binds to a nucleotide sequence encoding an LIG4 (DNA ligase 4).
19. The kit according to claim 18, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the p53 gene is represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
20. The kit according to claim 18, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the LIG4 is represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
21. The kit according to claim 18, wherein the kit is the kit for DNA sequencing, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Random Amplified Polymorphic Detection (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Detection (AFLPD) or DNA microarray.
22. The kit according to claim 18, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding an LIG4 is one or more sequence variants selected from the group consisting of a substitution of cytosine to thymine at position 8, a substitution of cytosine to thymine at position 26, a substitution of guanine to adenine at position 833 and a substitution of thymine to cytosine at position 1704 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
23. The kit according to claim 18, wherein the LIG4 is one or more sequence variants selected from the group consisting of a substitution of alanine to valine at position 3, a substitution of threonine to isoleucine at position 9, a substitution of arginine to histidine at position 278 and a substitution of thymine of aspartic acid (GAT) to cytosine at position 568 of SEQ ID NO: 3.
24. The kit according to claim 18, wherein the simultaneous inhibitor against PARP (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase) and Tankyrase comprises 8-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-10-ethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-5(6H)-one or 6-{4-[(5-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydrobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-8-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}nicotinonitrile.
25. The kit according to claim 18, wherein the primer that specifically binds to a nucleotide sequence encoding an LIG4 is one primer pair selected from the group consisting of a primer pair represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 and 9; a primer pair represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 and 11; and a primer pair represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 and 13.
Type: Application
Filed: May 12, 2020
Publication Date: Nov 12, 2020
Inventors: Dong Hoon Jin (Seoul), Seung Woo Hong (Seoul), Jai Hee Moon (Seoul), Jae Sik Shin (Seoul), Seung Mi Kim (Seoul), Dae Hee Lee (Seoul), Eun Young Lee (Seoul), Jung Shin Lee (Seoul), Bong Choel Kim (Seoul)
Application Number: 15/930,199
