CURVATURE LIMITING FILM
Various apparatuses are disclosed including those that have curvature arresting properties. According to one example, the apparatus can optionally include a flexible first film, a second film and a first plurality of features. The first plurality of features can be disposed between the first film and the second film At least some of the first plurality of features are spaced apart from one another by a gap when the first film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and at least some of the first plurality of features contact one another to arrest a curvature of the first film when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/533,275 (entitled CURVATURE LIMITING FILM, filed Jul. 17, 2017) and to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/540,892 (entitled CURVATURE LIMITING FILM, filed Aug. 3, 2017, and to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/585,963 (entitled CURVATURE LIMITING FILM, filed Nov. 14, 2017) and to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/540,882 (entitled CURVATURE LIMITING FILM, filed Aug. 3, 2017) all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELDThis document pertains generally, but not by way of limitation, to apparatuses such as electronic devices and wearable devices that utilize one or more layers of flexible film. More specifically, without limitation, this document relates to apparatuses with features that arrest a curvature of the one or more layers of flexible film.
BACKGROUNDRegarding electronic devices, the development of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) and active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (AMOLED) that can be fabricated on a flexible substrate has enabled flexible displays. In some cases, these flexible displays may be folded or bent. However, the conformability of the layers used for such substrate is limited. Additionally, shear strain between layers on the display can cause debonding. Creasing of the substrate is also a concern.
SUMMARYThe present inventors have recognized, among other things, that a variety of apparatuses can benefit from a rigidifying layer that arrest a curvature of the one or more layers of flexible film. According to some embodiments, the rigidifying layer can be comprised of a plurality of features as will be discussed subsequently. Such apparatuses can include electronic devices and wearable devices. In regards to electronic devices, these can include phones, displays, batteries, for example. The apparatuses can be used with various types of displays including multiple semi-rigid, rigid liquid crystal or LED displays, flexible OLED/AMOLED/LCD displays or the like. Wearable devices can include not only the displays and batteries discussed above but can also include athletic equipment protective braces, medical braces, or medical devices, for example.
At least some portions of the present disclosure are directed to various apparatuses with curvature arresting properties. According to one embodiment, the apparatus can optionally include a flexible first film, a second film and a first plurality of features. The flexible first film can have an extent in both a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction. The second film can at least partially interface the first film and can have an extent in both the longitudinal and the transverse direction. The first plurality of features can be disposed between the first film and the second film and can optionally have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. The first plurality of features can include at least some adjacent ones of the first plurality of features having a gap among one another when the first film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and at least some adjacent ones of the first plurality of features contact one another to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude. The second film can be moveable relative to the first film in at least one of the longitudinal direction or transverse direction.
According to some aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure, the apparatus can include the first plurality of features comprise one or more of a curvature arresting feature and an interlocking device. The interlocking device can comprise one or more of rails, channels, caps and stems. The first plurality of features can comprise one or more of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers, polymer composites, metals or ceramics. The first plurality of features can be arranged in a geometric pattern. The first plurality of features can have substantially a same size. The gap comprises 0.050 mm to 10 mm, inclusive. The gap has a first ratio of a width to that of one of the first plurality of features between 0.1 and 10, inclusive, and wherein the gap has a second ratio to that of a thickness of the one of the first plurality of features between 0.1 and 1, inclusive. The first plurality of features are attached to or integrated with the first film. The plurality of features have one of a substantially trapezoidal shape in cross-section or a chamfered rectangular shape in cross-section. At least two of the first plurality of features can include both a major surface and a side surface that extends from the major surface to the surface of the first film, and wherein the side surface of the first of the at least two of the first plurality of features can be configured to engage the side surface of the second of the at least two of the first plurality of features to arrest the curvature of the first film. One or more of the first plurality of features can have one of a shape or orientation to provide for a desired degree of curvature for the first film. At least some of the first plurality of features can be configured to interlock with others of the at least some of the first plurality of features during the curvature of the first film to maintain the curvature of the first film at a desired degree in an absence of the applied bending force.
According to further aspects and embodiments, the apparatus can further include a second plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the second film, and one or more of the first plurality of features comprise a first plurality of interlocking devices that can be configured to engage the second plurality of interlocking devices. When the first plurality of interlocking devices engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, movement of the first film from the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is prevented while movement of the first film relative to the second film in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is possible. Separation of the first film from the second film in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the first film can be prevented by engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices. The second plurality of interlocking devices can project from a surface of the second film. The second plurality of interlocking devices can have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and at least some adjacent ones of the second plurality of interlocking devices having a second gap among one another when the second film is not subject to the applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below the predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. At least some adjacent ones of the second plurality of interlocking features contact one another and/or the first plurality of features to arrest a curvature of the second film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude. Engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices can be facilitated by an initial movement of the first film relative to the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and disengagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices from the second plurality of interlocking devices can be facilitated by a sequent movement of the first film relative to the second film in a same one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. The first plurality of interlocking devices and the second interlocking devices can comprise engagement rails that form a sliding channel.
According to further aspects and embodiments, the apparatus can further include a first plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the first film and spaced from the first plurality of features in at least one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, a second plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the second film, and the first plurality of interlocking devices are configured to engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, and when the first plurality of interlocking devices engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, movement of the first film from the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction can be prevented while movement of the first film relative to the second film in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is possible. Separation of the first film from the second film in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the first film can be prevented by engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices. A second plurality of features can project from a surface of the second film. The second plurality of features can have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and at least some adjacent ones of the second plurality of features can be have a second gap among one another when the second film is not subject to the applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below the predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. The at least some adjacent ones of the second plurality of features can contact one another and/or the first plurality of features to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude. Engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices can be facilitated by an initial movement of the first film relative to the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. Disengagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices can be facilitated by a sequent movement of the first film relative to the second film in a same one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. The first plurality of interlocking devices and the second interlocking devices can comprise engagement rails that form a sliding channel.
According to further aspects and embodiments, the apparatus can include an optical coupler disposed between the first film and the second film, wherein the optical coupler is a liquid, adhesive, gel, or a combination thereof. The optical coupler can have a refractive index having an absolute difference less than or equal to 0.05 from a refractive index of the first plurality of features. The apparatus can comprise a part of an electronic device and/or a wearable device. The first plurality of features can be configured to provide the apparatus with a first stiffness at a desired degree of curvature in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, while being configured to provide the apparatus with a second stiffness at the same desired degree of curvature in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and wherein the first stiffness differs from the second stiffness.
The first plurality of features can be optically clear. One or both of the first film and the second film can comprise at least one of a single layer or a plurality of layers. The second film can comprise a rigid component. The second film can comprise a different material than the first film. The first plurality of features can be disposed on both a first major surface of the first film and a second major surface of the first film.
This summary is intended to provide an overview of subject matter of the present patent application. It is not intended to provide an exclusive or exhaustive explanation of the invention. The detailed description is included to provide further information about the present patent application.
The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification and, together with the description, explain the advantages and principles of the invention. In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. Like numerals having different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed in the present document. In all cases, this disclosure describes the presently disclosed disclosure by way of representation of exemplary embodiments and not by express limitations. It should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of this disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONIn recent years, among next-generation displays, electronic devices that can be curved, bent, or folded have received increasing attention as a way to provide new user experiences. These device architectures include flexible OLEDs, plastic LCDs, fuel cells, flexible batteries, flow batteries, and the like. Typically the flexible or foldable component layer is immediately adjacent to a rigid member to provide mechanical stiffness in use. As an example, the rigid member may also be a part of the heat sink, battery, electromagnetic shielding, or other components for a display panel.
Usually the boundary condition between such a flexible component layer and such a rigid member can affect both the aesthetics of the device as well as its fatigue performance over thousands of cycles since fatigue life is generally inversely proportional to the maximum strain in a given folding or bending cycle. Fatigue occurs when an object is subjected to repeated loading and unloading (e.g., folding and unfolding) and fatigue life is often a function of the magnitude of the fluctuating stress, object physical properties, geometry of the object and test conditions. As discussed above, debonding and/or creasing of the substrates used in next-generation displays are also a concern and may affect the functionality and user experience of the device.
The present disclosure generally relates to apparatuses with curvature limiting features that provide the apparatuses with sufficient stiffness after a desired degree of curvature is achieved to stop the apparatus from bending further. This property can protect strain sensitive layers within the electronic and/or wearable device such as the electrical backplane from exceeding a critical strain, which can damage the device. Additionally, improved stiffness as provided by the apparatuses can improve fatigue performance and reduce the likelihood of debonding and/or creasing.
As shown in
The plurality of curvature arresting features can be part of a rigidifying layer that can be disposed between and/or coupled to the first film 102 and the second film 104 to provide curvature arrest for the apparatus 100. The plurality of curvature arresting features 106 (only one is shown in the plan view of
As shown in
As shown in the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
The gap G can be between about 10 μm and about 10 mm, inclusive, according to some embodiments. However, in some embodiments, no gap may be utilized, rather a rigid layer can be provided rather than the plurality of curvature arresting features 106. The gap can vary depending on the shape, size and materials used for the curvature arresting features 106. For example, the curvature arresting features of the embodiments of
As is clearly shown in
The gap G can be uniform so as to be substantially the same distance in some embodiments such as the embodiment of
The plurality of curvature arresting features 106 can have substantially a same geometry in some embodiments. However, in other embodiments the geometry (i.e. the size and/or shape of one or more of the plurality of curvature arresting features 106 relative to others can vary. Similarly, the orientation of the plurality of curvature arresting features 106 can be substantially similar such as in the manner shown in
The plurality of curvature arresting features 106 are distinct from one another (i.e., are not physically coupled together) in some embodiments such as the embodiment of
Various embodiments of the interlocking devices 110A and 110B are described in further detail subsequently. However, interlocking devices 110A and 110B may not be necessary in all embodiments. The interlocking devices 110A and 110B can comprise mechanical features that facilitate coupling in some embodiments. Such mechanical features can include one or more of adhesive, rails, slots, tabs, keys, snaps, snare/loop, hooks, fasteners, for example. In some embodiments, a male/female type connection between the interlocking devices 110A and 110 can be utilized. A snap-fit connection is also contemplated.
According to the embodiment of
The interlocking devices 110A and 110B can have a thickness on the order of 2.1 to 30 times larger than the first film 102 and/or second film 104. Each of the plurality of curvature arresting features 106 can have a similar thickness to that of the interlocking devices 110A and 110B according to some embodiments. In other embodiments, the thickness of each of the plurality of curvature arresting features 106 can be similar to or can vary from that of the interlocking devices 110A and 110B. The width of each of the plurality of curvature arresting features 106 in the longitudinal direction can be between 2 times and for 4 times that of the thickness according to some embodiments. The adhesive 108 can have a thickness between 5 time and 20 times less than the thickness of the first film 102 and/or second film 104. In one embodiment, the adhesive 108 can be between 25 μm and 1.25 mm, inclusive, for example depending on the desired application and other factors. In some embodiments, a second adhesive 114A and 114B (
In some embodiments the apparatus 100 can include optically clear material(s), for example, optically clear film(s), optically clear adhesive, optically clear gel, optically clear liquid, or the like. The apparatus 100 can also use materials that have relative low viscosity, for example, a low viscosity liquid as a bonding material, to reduce resistance to bending. According to one embodiment, the first film 102 and the second film 104 comprise the same material(s). However, in other embodiments, the first film 102 and/or the second film 104 can be constructed of different materials. In some embodiments, the first film 102 and/or the second film 104 can be constructed of polymers, composites, super-elastic materials (e.g., nitinol) or metal foils. Example polymers can include polyester terephthalate (PET), glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, cyclic olefin copolymer, polyimide or the like. According to some embodiments, the adhesive 108 can comprise an optically clear adhesives such as acrylate or silicone optical adhesive. The adhesive 108 can also comprise pressure sensitive and semi-structural and structural adhesives (e.g., acrylate, epoxy, urethane, etc.).
The interlocking devices 110A and 110B and/or the plurality of curvature arresting features 106 can be optically clear, for example, with visible light transmission of at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 93%, in a path length of 10 mm, 1 mm, or 0.5 mm for example. The interlocking devices 110A and 110B and/or the plurality of curvature arresting features 106 can have a haze of less than at least 5%, less than 2%, or less than 1% in a path length of 10 mm, 1 mm, or 0.5 mm for example. The interlocking devices 110A and 110B and/or the plurality of curvature arresting features 106 can have a clarity of greater than 95%, greater than 98%, or greater than 99% in a path length of 10 mm, 1 mm, or 0.5 mm for example. Example materials that can be used by the interlocking devices 110A and 110B and/or the plurality of curvature arresting features 106 can include thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers, polymer composites, metals or ceramics. Example polymer composites can include inorganic particles and or inorganic fibers to increase the effective modulus of the interlocking devices. Example inorganic materials include silica, zirconia, silicon nitride, glass fibers, carbon fibers and the like. Example polymers may include acrylates, epoxies, polyurethanes, polyethelene, polyester terephthalate (PET), glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, cyclic olefin copolymer polyimide, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester, polycarbonate, cyclic olefin copolymer, and/or nylon, or the like.
In some cases, the interlocking devices 110A and 110B and/or the curvature arresting features 106 can use materials that are not optically clear.
As illustrated in the embodiment of
As shown in the embodiment of
As shown in
As discussed previously, some of the plurality of curvature arresting features 306A or 306B can contact adjacent ones of the plurality of curvature arresting features 306A or 306B when a bending force of sufficient magnitude is applied in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (a bending moment about the transverse direction corresponding to the y-axis direction) to flex the first film 302 and/or the second film 304. This construction can arrest curvature of the third apparatus 300 in the longitudinal direction. According to the embodiment of
Similarly,
In some embodiments, this engagement prevents the separation of the first film 502 from the second layer 504 along the z-axis direction perpendicular to a surface 514 of the second film 504. In some embodiments, this engagement provides little or no restriction of the first film 502 and/or second film 504 from sliding with respect to one another in the x-axis direction. In some cases, the one or more first interlocking components 512A and/or the one or more second interlocking components 512B are configured as rails to form channels that can facilitate or guide sliding between the films 502, 504 as described.
The one or more first interlocking component 512A and/or the one or more second interlocking component 512B can comprise a plurality of engagement elements such as a set of engagement elements with predetermined spacing to facilitate coupling. At least some of the engagement elements can have a cross-sectional shape having a stem 550 and a cap 552 that is constructed to be wider in the transverse direction than the stem, as illustrated in
In some implementations, the bonding layer 506 can include bonding material 516 that can be disposed proximate to the first film 502 and the second 504 together with the interlocking devices 510A and 510B. In some cases, the bonding material 516 can include an optically clear material, for example, optically clear adhesive, optically clear gel, optically clear liquid, or the like. With the interlocking devices 510A and 510B, the bonding material 516 can use materials that have relative low viscosity, for example, a low viscosity liquid, to reduce resistance to bending. In some embodiments, the bonding material 516 can use a material that has a refractive index closely matching the refractive index of the interlocking devices 510A and 510B. In some cases, the bonding material 516 can have an overall refractive index that has an absolute difference less than or equal to 0.05 from the refractive index of the part of interlocking devices 510A and 510B, within the viewing area. For example, the bonding material 516 can include materials, for example, acrylates, urethanes, silicones, polyolefins, or the like. In some embodiments, the bonding material 516 could include thermal conductive particles to enhance heat dissipation, for example, Al2O3, metal or carbon particles. In some embodiments, the bonding material 516 could include dielectric or ferromagnetic particles to reduce electro-magnetic interference, for example, BaTiO3 or Fe3O4 particles.
In some embodiments, the interlocking devices 510A and 510B further comprise a coupling material 518 disposed proximate to the first interlocking component 512A and the second interlocking component 512B. In some cases, the coupling material 518 includes materials that have relatively low elastic modulus, low creep, and a high degree of shear strain under shear load to facilitate the repeated bending, for example, liquid, adhesive, gel, or the like. As an example, the coupling material 518 can include a low viscosity liquid to reduce frictional drag between interlocking components and reduce resistance to bending.
In some embodiments, the coupling material 518 can use materials that have relative low viscosity, for example, a low viscosity liquid, to reduce resistance to bending.
In other embodiments the coupling material 518 can use materials where the viscosity increases with strain rate providing a means of dampening or strain rate control. These are known as shear rate thickening or dilatant fluids. Dilatancy is a property that exists primarily in colloidal dispersions. A colloidal dispersion is where one substance is microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another. In some embodiments, the coupling material 518 could aid with heat transfer from the flexible component layer to the rigid members, which is also likely the primary heat sink. In some cases, the coupling material 518 could include thermal conductive particles to enhance heat dissipation, for example, Al2O3, metal or carbon particles. The coupling material 518 may include materials such as, for example, water, deionized water, glycol/water solutions, thermal grease such as 3M TCG-2035, and dielectric fluids such as fluorocarbons and polyalphaolefin. In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the coupling material 518 may range from 0.02 to 0.6 W/m·K. In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the coupling material 518 may range from 0.02 to 3.0 W/m·K. In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the coupling material 518 may range from 0.02 to 4.1 W/m·K. In some cases, the viscosity of the coupling material 518 may range from 5,000 cP to 100,000 cP. In some cases, the viscosity of the coupling material 518 may range from 0.89 cP to 542,000 cP. In some cases, the viscosity of the coupling material may range from 0.89 cP to 2,000,000 cP. In some cases, the coupling material 518 could include dielectric or ferromagnetic particles to reduce electro-magnetic interference, for example, BaTiO3 or Fe3O4 particles. In some cases, the coupling material 518 can use same materials as the bonding material 516.
In some embodiments, the coupling material 518 can use a material that has a refractive index closely matching the refractive index of the interlocking devices 510A and 510B, more particular the interlocking components 512A and 512B. In such cases, the optical clarity of the interlocking devices 510A and 510B can be restored by eliminating the air gaps between the interlocking components 512A and 512B. In some cases, the coupling material 518 can have an overall refractive index that has an absolute difference less than or equal to 0.05 from the refractive index of the part of interlocking devices 510A and 510B. For example, the coupling material 518 can include materials such as, for example liquids containing phenyl and phosphorus groups such as Santicizer 141 (available from Ferro Global at Mayfield Heights, Ohio, USA), or gels formulated using such liquids in combination with acrylate polymers using monomers containing higher refractive index contributing functional groups such as aromatic groups like phenyl, naphtyl, anthracyl, sulfur groups, bromine groups, or the like, to control and adjust the optical index of the gel. If a closely matching adhesive is used as coupling material 518 it cannot restrict the relative movement (i.e. relative sliding) of the interlocking devices 510A and 510B.
The bonding layer 506, bonding material 516 and coupling material 518 described herein can also be used in conjunction with the curvature arresting features described herein according to some embodiments. For example, such materials can be disposed between the gaps G of
The first apparatus 100 can be subject to a shear force S1 (a tangential force) along the longitudinal direction (corresponding to the x-axis direction) in some instances. In some cases, this normal force S1 can be of a sufficient magnitude to cause relative motion between the first film 102 and the second film 104 in the longitudinal direction as described previously. Similarly, the first apparatus 100 can also be subject to a second normal force S2 along the transverse direction (corresponding to the y-axis direction) in some instances. Unlike the normal force S1, the normal force S2 may not cause relative motion between the first film 102 and the second film 104 due to the interlocking devices 110A and 110B, which can be configured to restrain relative motion between the first film 102 and the second film 104 in the illustrated embodiment.
Regarding arrest of curvature, reference can also be made to
Put another way and in reference to
Working Example 5 discusses a specific embodiment of
The first side surface 606 can extend between the first major surface 602 and the second major surface 604. The first major surface 606 can form a first acute angle α1 with the first side surface 606. The second side surface 608 can extend between the first major surface 602 and the second major surface 604. The second major surface 608 can form a second acute angle α2 with the first side surface 606. Although the first acute angle α1 and the second acute angle α2 are illustrated as being substantially the same in
According to some embodiments the extent of the first major surface can be between about 10 μm and about 10 mm, inclusive, according to some embodiments. For example, the curvature arresting features of the embodiments of
As shown in
A=D½*tan(α)
The quantity B can be obtained through Equation 2. Where Equation 2 is:
B=D1/(2 cos(α))
θ can be obtained through Equation 3, where Equation 3 is:
θ=π/2−α
Equation 4 proposes a relationship between the quantities G, α, and D3=D4=H. Equation 4 is:
tan(α)=G/2H
Utilizing these values, we can calculate the effective radius of the curvature arresting device using Equation 5 in terms of the quantities, B, A, H, and θ. Equation 5 is:
R=B/(cos(θ))−H−A
According to the example of
More particularly, the embodiment of
As shown in
In some embodiments, the gaps G3 can extend fully in the z-axis direction through the features 900, for example, the entirety of the cap 916, stem 914, and even the first film 902. As another example, the gaps G3 can be an opening through only a portion of the cap 916 and/or stem 914. In other embodiments, the gaps G3 can have a predefined width, which may allow bending along both directions (i.e., inward and outward) that are generally perpendicular to the surface 903 of the first film 902. The features 900 can be utilized along substantially the entire length of apparatus, or can be used only in selected location(s) according to other embodiments. In addition to providing for bending arresting of the curvature of the first film 902 as described above, the features 900 can improve bending flexibility of the first film 902 and the interlocking devices 910A and 910B formed thereof.
In
More particularly, the features 1000A can comprise engagement elements 1016 and the features 1000B can comprise engagement elements 1018. The engagement element 1016 includes a stem 1020 and a cap 1022 that is wider than the stem 1020. The cross section of the engagement element 1016 is in a mushroom-like shape. Similarly, the engagement element 1018 includes a stem 1024 and a cap 1026 that is wider than the stem 1024. In some embodiments as illustrated in
According to some embodiments, the caps, on the stems of one or both of the engagement elements 1016 and/or 1018 can have a shape other than generally round or mushroom shape shown in
The interlocking devices 1110A are disposed generally perpendicular to the bending direction Y. In some embodiments, at least two of the interlocking devices 1110A are generally parallel to each other and/or can have substantially equal spacing. Similarly, the curvature arresting features 1106A can be disposed generally perpendicular to the bending direction Y. In some embodiments, at least two of the curvature arresting features 1106A are generally parallel to each other and/or can have substantially equal spacing. Similar orientations and arrangements for the curvature arresting features and/or interlocking devices of other of
Working Example 6 discusses a specific embodiment of
As shown in the embodiment of
As previously described, the interlocking devices 1510A and 1510B and/or the curvature arresting features 1506A and 1506A can be attached to or integral with films 1502 and 1504. The films 1502 and/or 1504 can comprise the electronics components described previously, for example. In some cases, multiple layers of interlocking devices 1510A and 1510B and/or the curvature arresting features 1506A and 1506A can be utilized as illustrated and described in prior embodiments (e.g.,
In some embodiments, curvature arresting features may include limited expansion members and/or limited compression members.
The flexible films described previously can also be disposed immediately adjacent to a rigid member to provide mechanical stiffness in use. Although this is not the case in all embodiments due to the curvature arresting features. As an example, the rigid member may also be a part of a heat sink, battery, electromagnetic shielding, or other components for a display panel. The electronic device can include a plurality of neutral planes that are not subject to substantial curvature due to the constructions of the apparatuses described herein.
Thus, the electronic devices shown can include one or more apparatuses that can be configured as previously described to include curvature arresting features and/or interlocking devices. The apparatuses can be disposed between various of the components of the electronic device (e.g., between an OLED and a backplane, between an encapsulation and the OLED, between a cover plate and a touch panel, or the like. The arrangement of the apparatuses in the electronic device can determine the location of the neutral planes within the device.
DefinitionsThe term “a”, “an”, and “the” are used interchangeably with “at least one” to mean one or more of the elements being described.
The term “and/or” means either or both. For example “A and/or B” means only A, only B, or both A and B.
The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “having,” and variations thereof, are meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.
Unless specified or limited otherwise, the term “coupled” and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect couplings.
The terms “front,” “rear,” “top,” “bottom,” and the like are only used to describe elements as they relate to one another, but are in no way meant to recite specific orientations of the apparatus, to indicate or imply necessary or required orientations of the apparatus, or to specify how the invention described herein will be used, mounted, displayed, or positioned in use.
As used herein, when an element, component or layer for example is described as being “on” “connected to,” “coupled to” or “in contact with” another element, component or layer, it can be directly on, directly connected to, directly coupled with, in direct contact with, or intervening elements, components or layers may be on, connected, coupled or in contact with the particular element, component or layer, for example. When a film, element, component or layer for example is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” “directly coupled to,” or “directly in contact with” another element, there are no intervening elements, components or layers for example
A “predetermined magnitude” in reference to an applied force means that stiffening of an article's response to the applied force is achieved to a limit to the strain in the article. In reference to
The term “arrest” means in a physical manner, to increase the increment of force (stiffness) required to provide additional deformation to an object. In reference to
As used herein a “curvature arresting feature” means a component such as a layer designed to increase a stiffness of an article in at least one direction upon the article reaching a desired amount of curvature. Put another way, the “curvature arresting feature” also acts as a strain arresting feature to substantially slow an elastic strain of the apparatus once a predetermined degree of curvature for the apparatus is reached.
The phrase “the center of the radius of curvature” is used to refer to the center of a circle tangent to two adjacent center points of two line segments of the top of a curvature arresting feature in total or partial contact with each other at the upper surface.
The phrases “film,” “layer” “sheet” or variations thereof, are used to describe an article having a thickness that is small relative to its length and width. Such length and width and be measured in a transverse direction and a longitudinal direction in some cases. The length and width of such articles can define a “surface” or “major surface” of the article, but this major surface, as well as the article, need not be flat or planar. For example, the above phrases can be used to describe an article having a first ratio (R1) of thickness (e.g., in a Z direction that is orthogonal to a major surface of the article at any point along the major surface) to a first surface dimension of the major surface (e.g., width or length), and a second ratio (R2) of thickness to a second surface dimension of the major surface, where the first ratio (R1) and the second ratio (R2) are both less than 0.1. In some embodiments, the first ratio (R1) and the second ratio (R2) can be less than 0.01; in some embodiments, less than 0.001; and in some embodiments, less than 0.0001. Note that the two surface dimensions need not be the same, and the first ratio (R1) and the second ratio (R2) need not be the same, in order for both the first ratio (R1) and the second ratio (R2) to fall within the desired range. In addition, none of the first surface dimension, the second surface dimension, the thickness, the first ratio (R1), and the second ratio (R2) need to be constant in order for both the first ratio (R1) and the second ratio (R2) to fall within the desired range.
The phrase “major surface” or simply “surface” is used to refer to a collective surface of the article (e.g., an outer surface of the article) as measured in various directions including the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, even if the article is formed of smaller objects or portions. The smaller objects and portions can collectively define a major surface of the article. While such a major surface can be planar in some instances, the major surface need not be flat or planar, and in some cases, can be curved or otherwise complex.
The terms “substantially” or “generally” or the like means no greater than 10% of deviation according to some embodiments; in some embodiments, no greater than 5%; in some embodiments, no greater than 2%; and in some embodiments, no greater than 1%.
The phrase “substantially parallel” or “parallel” is used to refer to the relative orientation of at least two films or at least two features, etc. where the major surface of the films or surfaces of the features are oriented parallel with respect to one another at any point along their respective surfaces, but allowing for a slight deviation from parallel. For example, if two films have major surfaces that lie in an X-Y plane and are spaced a distance apart in a Z direction that is orthogonal, or normal, to the X-Y plane, the two films can be considered substantially parallel even if one or both of the sheets has a major surface that is oriented slightly out of an orthogonal relationship with the Z direction at a given point, or area, along the major surface. In some embodiments, the two films can be substantially parallel if one or both of the films has a major surface that extends in the Z direction by an amount (i.e., has a Z dimension because the major surface is tilted with respect to the Z direction) that is no greater than 10% of its dimensions in the X-Y plane; in some embodiments, no greater than 5%; in some embodiments, no greater than 2%; and in some embodiments, no greater than 1%. Note that two films can still be substantially parallel even if the sheets are not flat or planar. For example, two curved films can be substantially parallel if the two films are curved to the same degree and in the same way so that the orientation of the major surfaces of the two films, relative to a normal direction at any point, or area, along the major surface, still falls within the above ranges.
VARIOUS NOTES & EXAMPLESIn Example 1, an apparatus can optionally include:
a flexible first film having an extent in both a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction; a second film at least partially interfacing the first film and having an extent in both the longitudinal and the transverse direction; and a first plurality of features disposed between the first film and the second film, can optionally include the first plurality of features have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include at least some of the first plurality of features are spaced apart from one another by a gap when the first film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the at least some of the first plurality of features contact one another to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude; can optionally include the second film is moveable relative to the first film in at least one of the longitudinal direction or transverse direction.
In Example 2, the apparatus of Example 1 can optionally comprise the first plurality of features comprises one or more of a curvature arresting feature and an interlocking device that comprise one or more of rails, channels, caps and stems.
In Example 3, the apparatus of Example 2, can optionally include the first plurality of features comprise one or more of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers, polymer composites, metals or ceramics.
In Example 4, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-3, can optionally include the first plurality of features are arranged in a geometric pattern.
In Example 5, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-4, can optionally include the first plurality of features have substantially a same size.
In Example 6, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-5, can optionally include the gap comprises 0.050 mm to 10 mm, inclusive.
In Example 7, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-6, can optionally include the gap has a first ratio of a width to that of one of the first plurality of features between 0.1 and 10, inclusive, and can optionally include the gap has a second ratio to that of a thickness of the one of the first plurality of features between 0.1 and 1, inclusive.
In Example 8, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-7, can optionally include the first plurality of features are attached to or integrated with the first film.
In Example 9, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-8, can optionally include the plurality of features have one of a substantially trapezoidal shape in cross-section or a chamfered rectangular shape in cross-section.
In Example 10, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-9, can optionally include at least two of the first plurality of features include both a major surface and a side surface that extends from the major surface to the surface of the first film, and can optionally include the side surface of the first of the at least two of the first plurality of features is configured to engage the side surface of the second of the at least two of the first plurality of features to arrest the curvature of the first film.
In Example 11, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-10, can optionally include one or more of the first plurality of features have one of a shape or orientation to provide for a desired degree of curvature for the first film.
In Example 12, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-11, can optionally include at least some of the first plurality of features are configured to interlock with others of the at least some of the first plurality of features during the curvature of the first film to maintain the curvature of the first film at a desired degree in an absence of the applied bending force.
In Example 13, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-12, further comprising:
a second plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the second film;
can optionally include one or more of the first plurality of features comprise a first plurality of interlocking devices that are configured to engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, and can optionally include when the first plurality of interlocking devices engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, movement of the first film from the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is prevented while movement of the first film relative to the second film in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is possible.
In Example 14, the apparatus of Example 13, can optionally include separation of the first film from the second film in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the first film is prevented by engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices.
In Example 15, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 13-14, can optionally include the second plurality of interlocking devices project from a surface of the second film, can optionally include the second plurality of interlocking devices have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include at least some of the second plurality of interlocking devices are spaced apart from one another by a second gap when the second film is not subject to the applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below the predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the at least some of the second plurality of interlocking features contact one another and/or the first plurality of features to arrest a curvature of the second film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
In Example 16, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 13-15, can optionally include engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by an initial movement of the first film relative to the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include disengagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices from the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by a sequent movement of the first film relative to the second film in a same one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
In Example 17, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 13-15, can optionally include the first plurality of interlocking devices and the second interlocking devices comprise engagement rails that form a sliding channel.
In Example 18, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-12, further comprising:
a first plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the first film and spaced from the first plurality of features in at least one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction;
a second plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the second film;
can optionally include the first plurality of interlocking devices are configured to engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, and can optionally include when the first plurality of interlocking devices engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, movement of the first film from the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is prevented while movement of the first film relative to the second film in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is possible.
In Example 19, the apparatus of Example 18, can optionally include separation of the first film from the second film in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the first film is prevented by engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices.
In Example 20, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 18-19, further comprising a second plurality of features that project from a surface of the second film, can optionally include the second plurality of features have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include at least some of the second plurality of features are spaced apart from one another by a second gap when the second film is not subject to the applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below the predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the at least some of the second plurality of features contact one another and/or the first plurality of features to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
In Example 21, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 18-20, can optionally include engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by an initial movement of the first film relative to the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include disengagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by a sequent movement of the first film relative to the second film in a same one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
In Example 22, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 18-21, can optionally include the first plurality of interlocking devices and the second interlocking devices comprise engagement rails that form a sliding channel.
In Example 23, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-22, further comprising an optical coupler disposed between the first film and the second film, can optionally include the optical coupler is a liquid, adhesive, gel, or a combination thereof.
In Example 24, the apparatus of Example 23, can optionally include the optical coupler has a refractive index having an absolute difference less than or equal to 0.05 from a refractive index of the first plurality of features.
In Example 25, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-24, can optionally include the apparatus comprises a part of an electronic device and/or a wearable device.
In Example 26, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-25, can optionally include the first plurality of features configured to provide the apparatus with a first stiffness at a desired degree of curvature in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, while being configured to provide the apparatus with a second stiffness at the same desired degree of curvature in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the first stiffness differs from the second stiffness.
In Example 27, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-26, can optionally include the first plurality of features are optically clear.
In Example 28, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-27, can optionally include one or both of the first film and the second film comprises at least one of a single layer or a plurality of layers.
In Example 29, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-28, can optionally include the second film comprises a rigid component.
In Example 30, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-28, can optionally include the second film comprises a different material than the first film.
In Example 31, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 1-29, can optionally include the first plurality of features are disposed on both a first major surface of the first film and a second major surface of the first film.
In Example 32, an apparatus can optionally include comprising:
a flexible first film having an extent in both a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction; a second film at least partially interfacing the first film and having an extent in both the longitudinal and the transverse direction; a first plurality of curvature arresting features disposed between the first film and the second film, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction and extend from a surface of the first film, and can optionally include at least some of the first plurality of curvature arresting features are spaced apart from one another by a gap when the first film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the at least some of the first plurality of curvature arresting features contact one another to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude; a first plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the first film; and a second plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the second film; can optionally include first plurality of interlocking devices are configured to engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, and can optionally include when the first plurality of interlocking devices engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, movement of the first film from the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is prevented while movement of the first film relative to the second film in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is possible.
In Example 33, the apparatus of Example 32, can optionally include the first and second interlocking devices comprise one or more of rails, channels, caps and stems.
In Example 34, the apparatus of Example 33, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features comprise one or more of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers, polymer composites, metals or ceramics
In Example 35, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-34, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are arranged in a geometric pattern.
In Example 36, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-35, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features have substantially a same size.
In Example 37, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-36, can optionally include the gap comprises 0.050 mm to 10 mm, inclusive.
In Example 38, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-37, can optionally include the gap has a first ratio to that of a width of one of first plurality of curvature arresting features between 0.1 and 10, inclusive, and can optionally include the gap has a second ratio to that of a thickness of the first plurality of curvature arresting features between 0.1 and 1, inclusive.
In Example 39, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-38, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are attached to or integrated with the first film.
In Example 40, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-39, can optionally include the plurality of curvature arresting features have one of a substantially trapezoidal shape in cross-section or a chamfered rectangular shape in cross-section.
In Example 41, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-40, can optionally include at least two of the first plurality of curvature arresting features include both a major surface and a side surface that extends from the major surface to the surface of the first film, and can optionally include the side surface of the first of the at least two of the first plurality of curvature arresting features is configured to engage the side surface of the second of the at least two of the first plurality of curvature arresting features to arrest the curvature of the first film.
In Example 42, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-41, can optionally include one or more of the first plurality of curvature arresting features have one of a shape or orientation to provide for a desired degree of curvature for the first film.
In Example 43, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-42, can optionally include at least some of the first plurality of curvature arresting features are configured to interlock with others of the at least some of the first plurality of curvature arresting features during the curvature of the first film to maintain the curvature of the first film at a desired degree in an absence of the applied bending force.
In Example 44, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-43, can optionally include separation of the first film from the second film in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the first film is prevented by engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices.
In Example 45, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-44, can optionally include at least some of the second plurality of interlocking devices are spaced apart from one another by a second gap when the second film is not subject to the applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below the predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the at least some of the second plurality of interlocking features contact one another to arrest a curvature of the second film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
In Example 46, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-45, further comprising a second plurality of curvature arresting features attached to or integrated with the second film, can optionally include the second plurality of curvature arresting features have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include at least some of the second plurality of curvature arresting features are spaced apart from one another by a second gap when the second film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the at least some of the second plurality of curvature arresting features contact one another and/or the first plurality of curvature arresting features to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
In Example 47, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-46, can optionally include engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by an initial movement of the first film relative to the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include disengagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices from the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by a sequent movement of the first film relative to the second film in a same one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
In Example 48, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-47, can optionally include the first plurality of interlocking devices and the second interlocking devices comprise engagement rails that form a sliding channel.
In Example 49, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-48, further comprising an optical coupler disposed between the first film and the second film, can optionally include the optical coupler is a liquid, adhesive, gel, or a combination thereof.
In Example 50, the apparatus of Example 49, can optionally include the optical coupler has a refractive index having an absolute difference less than or equal to 0.05 from a refractive index of the first plurality of curvature arresting features.
In Example 51, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-50, can optionally include the apparatus comprises a part of an electronic device and/or a wearable device.
In Example 52, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-51, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features configured to provide the apparatus with a first stiffness at a desired degree of curvature in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, while being configured to provide the apparatus with a second stiffness at the same desired degree of curvature in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the first stiffness differs from the second stiffness.
In Example 53, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-52, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are optically clear.
In Example 54, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-53, can optionally include one or both of the first film and the second film comprises at least one of a single layer or a plurality of layers.
In Example 55, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-54, can optionally include the second film comprises a rigid component.
In Example 56, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-55, can optionally include the second film comprises a different material than the first film.
In Example 57, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 32-56, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are disposed on both a first major surface of the first film and a second major surface of the first film.
In Example 58, an apparatus can optionally include comprising:
a flexible first film having an extent in both a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction; a second film at least partially interfacing the first film and having an extent in both the longitudinal and the transverse direction; and a first plurality of curvature arresting features disposed between the first film and the second film, can optionally include the first plurality of features have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction and are substantially trapezoidal in shape in cross-section, and can optionally include at least some of the first plurality of features are configured to engage one another to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when an applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude; can optionally include the second film is moveable relative to the first film in at least one of the longitudinal direction or transverse direction.
In Example 59, the apparatus of Example 58, can optionally include the plurality of curvature arresting features comprise one or more of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers, polymer composites, metals or ceramics
In Example 60, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-59, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are arranged in a geometric pattern.
In Example 61, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-60, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features have substantially a same size.
In Example 62, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-61, can optionally include at least some of the first plurality of curvature arresting features are spaced apart from one another by a gap when the first film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, can optionally include the at least some of the first plurality of curvature arresting features contact one another to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude, and can optionally include the gap comprises 0.050 mm to 10 mm, inclusive.
In Example 63, the apparatus of Example 62, can optionally include the gap as first ratio to that of a width of one of the first plurality of curvature arresting features between 0.1 and 10, inclusive, and can optionally include the gap has a second ratio to that of a thickness of the one of the first plurality of curvature arresting features between 0.1 and 1, inclusive.
In Example 64, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-63, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are attached to or integrated with the first film.
In Example 65, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-64, can optionally include at least two of the first plurality of curvature arresting features include both a major surface and a side surface that extends from the major surface to the surface of the first film, and can optionally include the side surface of the first of the at least two of the first plurality of curvature arresting features is configured to engage the side surface of the second of the at least two of the first plurality of curvature arresting features to arrest the curvature of the first film.
In Example 66, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-65, can optionally include one or more of the first plurality of curvature arresting features have one of a shape or orientation to provide for a desired degree of curvature for the first film.
In Example 67, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-66, can optionally include at least some of the first plurality of curvature arresting features are configured to interlock with others of the at least some of the first plurality of curvature arresting features during the curvature of the first film to maintain the curvature of the first film at a desired degree in an absence of the applied bending force.
In Example 68, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-67, can optionally include separation of the first film from the second film in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the first film is prevented by engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices.
In Example 69, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-68, further comprising:
a first plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the first film
a second plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the second film; can optionally include the first plurality of interlocking devices that are configured to engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, and can optionally include when the first plurality of interlocking devices engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, movement of the first film from the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is prevented while movement of the first film relative to the second film in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is possible.
In Example 70, the apparatus of Example 69, can optionally include separation of the first film from the second film in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the first film is prevented by engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices.
In Example 71, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 68-69, can optionally include the second plurality of interlocking devices project from a surface of the second film, can optionally include the second plurality of interlocking devices have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include at least some of the second plurality of interlocking devices are spaced apart from one another by a second gap when the second film is not subject to the applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below the predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the at least some of the second plurality of interlocking features contact one another and/or the first plurality of features to arrest a curvature of the second film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
In Example 72, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 68-70, can optionally include engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by an initial movement of the first film relative to the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include disengagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices from the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by a sequent movement of the first film relative to the second film in a same one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
In Example 73, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 68-72, can optionally include the first plurality of interlocking devices and the second interlocking devices comprise engagement rails that form a sliding channel.
In Example 74, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-73, further comprising an optical coupler disposed between the first film and the second film, can optionally include the optical coupler is a liquid, adhesive, gel, or a combination thereof.
In Example 75, the apparatus of Example 74, can optionally include the optical coupler has a refractive index having an absolute difference less than or equal to 0.05 from a refractive index of the first plurality of curvature arresting features.
In Example 76, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-75, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features configured to provide the apparatus with a first stiffness at a desired degree of curvature in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, while being configured to provide the apparatus with a second stiffness at the same desired degree of curvature in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the first stiffness differs from the second stiffness.
In Example 77, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-76, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are optically clear.
In Example 78, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-77, can optionally include one or both of the first film and the second film comprises at least one of a single layer or a plurality of layers.
In Example 79, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-78, can optionally include the second film comprises a rigid component.
In Example 80, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-79, can optionally include the second film comprises a different material than the first film.
In Example 81, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 58-80, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are disposed on both a first major surface of the first film and a second major surface of the first film.
In Example 82, an apparatus can optionally include:
a flexible first film having an extent in both a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction; a second film at least partially interfacing the first film and having an extent in both the longitudinal and the transverse direction; and a first plurality of curvature arresting features disposed between the first film and the second film, can optionally include the first plurality of features have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include at least some of the first plurality of features are configured to engage and interlock with others of the at least some of the first plurality of features during a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to maintain the curvature of the first film at a desired degree; can optionally include the second film is moveable relative to the first film in at least one of the longitudinal direction or transverse direction.
In Example 83, the apparatus of Example 82, can optionally include the plurality of curvature arresting features comprise one or more of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers, polymer composites, metals or ceramics
In Example 84, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-83, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are arranged in a geometric pattern.
In Example 85, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-84, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features have substantially a same size.
In Example 86, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-85, can optionally include at least some of the first plurality of curvature arresting features are spaced apart from one another by a gap when the first film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, can optionally include the at least some of the first plurality of curvature arresting features contact one another to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude, and can optionally include the gap comprises 0.050 mm to 10 mm, inclusive.
In Example 87, the apparatus of Example 86, can optionally include the gap as first ratio to that of a width of one of first plurality of curvature arresting features between 0.1 and 10, inclusive, and can optionally include the gap has a second ratio to that of a thickness of the one of first plurality of curvature arresting features between 0.1 and 1, inclusive.
In Example 88, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-87, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are attached to or integrated with the first film.
In Example 89, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-88, can optionally include at least two of the first plurality of curvature arresting features include both a major surface and a side surface that extends from the major surface to the surface of the first film, and can optionally include the side surface of the first of the at least two of the first plurality of curvature arresting features is configured to engage the side surface of the second of the at least two of the first plurality of curvature arresting features to arrest the curvature of the first film.
In Example 90, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-89, can optionally include one or more of the first plurality of curvature arresting features have one of a shape or orientation to provide for a desired degree of curvature for the first film.
In Example 91, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-90, can optionally include the plurality of curvature arresting features have one of a substantially trapezoidal shape in cross-section or a chamfered rectangular shape in cross-section.
In Example 92, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-91, can optionally include separation of the first film from the second film in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the first film is prevented by engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices.
In Example 93, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-92, further comprising:
a first plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the first film
a second plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the second film; can optionally include the first plurality of interlocking devices that are configured to engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, and can optionally include when the first plurality of interlocking devices engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, movement of the first film from the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is prevented while movement of the first film relative to the second film in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is possible.
In Example 94, the apparatus of Example 93, can optionally include separation of the first film from the second film in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the first film is prevented by engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices.
In Example 95, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 93-94, can optionally include the second plurality of interlocking devices project from a surface of the second film, can optionally include the second plurality of interlocking devices have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include at least some of the second plurality of interlocking devices are spaced apart from one another by a second gap when the second film is not subject to the applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below the predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the at least some of the second plurality of interlocking features contact one another and/or the first plurality of features to arrest a curvature of the second film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
In Example 96, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 93-95, can optionally include engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by an initial movement of the first film relative to the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include disengagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices from the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by a sequent movement of the first film relative to the second film in a same one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
In Example 97, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 93-96, can optionally include the first plurality of interlocking devices and the second interlocking devices comprise engagement rails that form a sliding channel.
In Example 98, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-97, further comprising an optical coupler disposed between the first film and the second film, can optionally include the optical coupler is a liquid, adhesive, gel, or a combination thereof.
In Example 99, the apparatus of Example 98, can optionally include the optical coupler has a refractive index having an absolute different less than or equal to 0.05 from a refractive index of the first plurality of curvature arresting features.
In Example 100, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-99, can optionally include the apparatus comprises a part of an electronic device and/or a wearable device.
In Example 101, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-100, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features configured to provide the apparatus with a first stiffness at a desired degree of curvature in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, while being configured to provide the apparatus with a second stiffness at the same desired degree of curvature in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and can optionally include the first stiffness differs from the second stiffness.
In Example 102, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-101, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are optically clear.
In Example 103, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-102, can optionally include one or both of the first film and the second film comprises at least one of a single layer or a plurality of layers.
In Example 104, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-103, can optionally include the second film comprises a rigid component.
In Example 105, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-104, can optionally include the second film comprises a different material than the first film.
In Example 106, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 82-105, can optionally include the first plurality of curvature arresting features are disposed on both a first major surface of the first film and a second major surface of the first film.
In Example 107, an apparatus can optionally include:
a flexible first film having an extent in both a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction; and a first plurality of features disposed proximate to the first film, wherein each of the first plurality of features has an extension range along an axis, and wherein at least one of the first plurality of features is in a relaxed state when the first film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in the one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and wherein the at least one of the first plurality of features reaches an upper limit of the expansion range limit to arrest a curvature of the first film in the one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
In Example 108, the apparatus of Example 107, further optionally include:
a second plurality of features disposed proximate to the first film, wherein the second plurality of features have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and wherein at least some adjacent ones of the second plurality of features have a gap among one another when the first film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and wherein the at least some adjacent ones of second first plurality of features contact one another to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
In Example 109, the apparatus of Examples 108, wherein the second plurality of features comprises one or more of a curvature arresting feature and an interlocking device that comprise one or more of rails, channels, caps and stems.
In Example 110, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 107-109, wherein the first plurality of features are attached to or integrated with the first film.
In Example 111, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 108-110, wherein at least some of the second plurality of features are configured to interlock with others of the at least some of the second plurality of features during the curvature of the first film to maintain the curvature of the first film at a desired degree in an absence of the applied bending force.
In Example 112, the apparatus of any one or any combination of Examples 107-111, further optionally include:
a third plurality of curvature arresting features disposed approximate to the first film, wherein at least one of the third plurality of features are configured to engage and interlock with others of the at least one of the third plurality of features during a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to maintain the curvature of the first film at a desired degree.
Each of these non-limiting examples can stand on its own, or can be combined in various permutations or combinations with one or more of the other examples.
The above detailed description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as “examples.” Such examples can include elements in addition to those shown or described. However, the present inventors also contemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described are provided. Moreover, the present inventors also contemplate examples using any combination or permutation of those elements shown or described (or one or more aspects thereof), either with respect to a particular example (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect to other examples (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described herein.
The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments can be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b), to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Also, in the above Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description as examples or embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that such embodiments can be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention can be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
Working Example 1The flexural stiffness of various apparatuses discussed herein including those utilizing curvature arresting features and/or interlocking devices (sometimes referred to generically as features in this disclosure) can be evaluated utilizing a common compression load frame with two flat plate interfaces. Stiffness is defined as the slope of an object's resistance to force over a finite extension or compression. The curvature arresting device can be placed between the plates in a slightly curved state to ensure the proper direction of curvature can be obtained and measured. A properly positioned apparatus will transmit all of the bending force to the load measurement device and can reside in the center of the plates, aligned with the load measurement device (typically an S-Beam load cell).
The force is then ramped at a linear rate of 12 in/min until a predefined compression limit is reached such as illustrated in
According to the Working Example 1, a procedure such as the type illustrated and described was performed utilizing a Lloyd Instruments LF plus 01/LFUS/LxA/45, available through AMETEK Inc. (Largo, Fla.). A 50 N load cell was utilized to measure the compression load on a flexural specimen. The specimen was placed, slightly flexed, between two flat plates and taped at each plate interface, using SCOTCH™ Brand masking tape to the two plates to prevent the specimen from falling out as shown in
In reference to
The total span of the curvature arresting features arresting bending moment M1 is approximately 6.3 mm with a height approximately 1.6 mm, a thickness of approximately 6.3 mm and an effective radius of approximately 16.3 mm.
The total span of the features arresting bending moment M2 is approximately 525 μm with a height approximately 294 μm, a thickness of approximately 139 μm and an effective radius of approximately 1.195 mm.
Put another way,
According to one specific example, and in reference to the embodiment of
The ability for this apparatus to arrest curvature was demonstrated, not to failure, utilizing the procedure described previously. The procedure was performed utilizing a Lloyd Instruments LF plus 01/LFUS/LxA/45, available through AMETEK Inc. A 50 N load cell was utilized to measure the compression load on the flexural specimen. A total displacement of 65 mm was applied to the side that only relies on the interlocking features as curvature arresting features and a total of 55 mm of displacement was applied to evaluate the compression forces on the opposite side of the device as shown in
This example, shown in
This example, shown in
This example, shown in
According to Working Example 5 and in reference to the embodiment of
Two 12 mm strips of Optically Clear Adhesive CEF-38, available from 3M Company, were laminated on the second major surface of the interlocked interlocking devices according to the construction of
Claims
1. An apparatus comprising:
- a flexible first film having an extent in both a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction; and
- a first plurality of features disposed proximate to the first film, wherein the first plurality of features have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and wherein at least some adjacent ones of the first plurality of features have a gap among one another when the first film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and wherein the at least some adjacent ones of the first plurality of features contact one another to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of features comprises one or more of a curvature arresting feature and an interlocking device that comprise one or more of rails, channels, caps and stems.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gap comprises 0.050 mm to 10 mm, inclusive.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gap has a first ratio of a width to that of one of the first plurality of features between 0.1 and 10, inclusive, and wherein the gap has a second ratio to that of a thickness of the one of the first plurality of features between 0.1 and 1, inclusive.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of features are attached to or integrated with the first film.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of features have one of a substantially trapezoidal shape in cross-section or a chamfered rectangular shape in cross-section.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least two of the first plurality of features include both a major surface and a side surface that extends from the major surface to a surface of the first film, and wherein the side surface of the first of the at least two of the first plurality of features is configured to engage the side surface of the second of the at least two of the first plurality of features to arrest the curvature of the first film.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least some of the first plurality of features are configured to interlock with others of the at least some of the first plurality of features during the curvature of the first film to maintain the curvature of the first film at a desired degree in an absence of the applied bending force.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
- a second film at least partially interfacing the first film and having an extent in both the longitudinal and the transverse direction;
- a first plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the first film and spaced from the first plurality of features in at least one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction;
- a second plurality of interlocking devices attached to or integral with the second film;
- wherein the first plurality of interlocking devices are configured to engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, and wherein when the first plurality of interlocking devices engage the second plurality of interlocking devices, movement of the first film from the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is prevented while movement of the first film relative to the second film in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is possible.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein separation of the first film from the second film in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the first film is prevented by engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a second plurality of features that project from a surface of the second film, wherein the second plurality of features have an extent in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and wherein at least some adjacent ones of the second plurality of features have a second gap when the second film is not subject to the applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below the predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and wherein the at least some of the second plurality of features contact one another and/or the first plurality of features to arrest a curvature of the first film in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein engagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by an initial movement of the first film relative to the second film in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and wherein disengagement of the first plurality of interlocking devices with the second plurality of interlocking devices is facilitated by a sequent movement of the first film relative to the second film in a same one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first plurality of interlocking devices and the second interlocking devices comprise engagement rails that form a sliding channel.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of features are configured to provide the apparatus with a first stiffness at a desired degree of curvature in one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, while being configured to provide the apparatus with a second stiffness at the same desired degree of curvature in the other of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and wherein the first stiffness differs from the second stiffness.
15. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
- a third plurality of features having an expansion range in at least one of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, wherein at least one of the third plurality of features reaches an expansion range limit when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 16, 2018
Publication Date: Mar 25, 2021
Inventors: Dylan T. Cosgrove (Oakdale, MN), Fay T. Salmon (Eden Prairie, MN), Michael R. Gorman (Woodbury, MN), Scott M. Niemi (St. Paul, MN), Alex P. Beane (Burnsville, MN), Vincent Jusuf (Minneapolis, MN), Thomas R.J. Corrigan (St. Paul, MN)
Application Number: 16/630,023
