CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/528,420, filed on Jul. 3, 2017, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH This invention was made with government support under grant no. UL1 TR000043 awarded by National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The disclosure generally relates to compositions and methods of sensory diagnosis and/or repair.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Smell dysfunction manifests itself primarily in the reduced ability to detect or identify volatile chemicals, and ranges from the complete inability to smell any odors, to a partial reduction in olfactory sensitivity, to smell distortion, for instance that a large number of odors smell like cigarette smoke. The prevalence of smell dysfunction in the general adult population is about 20% in Europe and the United States (1-3). This condition is dangerous because those affected are unable to detect fire, spoiled food, hazardous chemicals, and leaks of odorized natural gas (4, 5). Smell loss also has severe health consequences, including mental health symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and social isolation. It affects quality of life by altering food preferences and the amount of food ingested (5). Food is often perceived as bland or tasteless by patients with smell disorders, leading to loss of appetite or overeating (4, 5).
Smell dysfunction has many causes, including head trauma, upper respiratory tract infection, nasal polyps, and congenital anomalies (6, 7). In many cases, the cause of smell dysfunction is unknown (5, 8). Importantly, smell dysfunction is an early sign of Alzheimer's disease (9), the most common cause of dementia in the United States that is projected to affect an estimated 1 in every 45 individuals by 2050 (10). There is growing evidence that diminished olfactory function arises early in the progression of Alzheimer's disease, and is highly predictive of future cognitive decline (3, 4). Because of the high prevalence and dramatic consequences of smell loss, accurate diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction is important. While self-reported hearing loss tends to be accurate (11), self-reporting of olfactory dysfunction is notoriously unreliable. Therefore, accurate diagnostic tests for smell dysfunction that can be deployed worldwide are critically important. Following a diagnosis, therapeutic options and counselling can be offered to patients suffering from smell loss (12).
In clinical smell testing, patients are presented with odor stimuli in a variety of formats, including scratch ‘n’ sniff strips, glass vials or jars, felt-tip pens, or paper scent strips used in perfume shops, and asked to answer questions about what they smell. Smell tests assess the ability of subjects to detect, discriminate, or identify odors. Olfactory threshold tests measure the lowest concentration of an odor stimulus that a patient can perceive, while discrimination tests assess the ability of subjects to distinguish two different smells. Finally, odor identification tests evaluate whether a patient can detect and match odors to standard words that describe the smell (13).
There are at least two major challenges to reliably testing a patient's sense of smell. First, sensitivity to monomolecular odorants varies greatly even among subjects with a normal sense of smell (14-16). All commercial smell tests that use monomolecular odorants therefore run the danger of misdiagnosing patients. For instance, when a patient has a low score on a test that assesses olfactory sensitivity with the rose-like odor phenyl ethyl alcohol (17), it is difficult to know whether the patient suffers from general smell dysfunction, or is merely insensitive to phenylethyl alcohol with an otherwise normal sense of smell.
The second challenge is to develop a test that is not influenced by the patient's prior olfactory experiences. This has an obvious influence on the results of odor identification tests such as the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) for which subjects are given a booklet with 40 scratch ‘n’ sniff items and asked to select one of four words (for example “gingerbread”, “menthol”, “apple”, or “cheddar cheese”) that best describes what the odor smells like. Whether a patient can correctly identify the smell of gingerbread depends not only on the patient's sense of smell, but also on whether the patient has previously encountered the smell of gingerbread. This in turn depends on many factors such as the cultural and age group the patient belongs to. To address this familiarity problem, the UPSIT has been adapted for use in a number of countries worldwide by replacing unfamiliar items and adapting the answers on the multiple-choice test. For instance, the North American UPSIT was adapted for Taiwanese subjects by replacing “clove”, “cheddar cheese”, “cinnamon”, “gingerbread”, “dill pickle”, “lime”, “wintergreen”, and “grass” with “sandalwood”, “fish”, “coffee”, “rubber tire”, “jasmine”, “grapefruit”, “magnolia”, and “baby powder” (18). The strong influence of prior olfactory experience on the test results limits the utility of odor identification tests. Even performance on non-semantic odor discrimination tasks depends on prior experience with the odorants (19, 20), and it is therefore important to avoid stimuli having differential familiarity in the test population. Thus, there is an ongoing and unmet need to develop new compositions and methods for assessing olfactory function. The present disclosure is pertinent to this need.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure provides compositions, kits, and methods for determining olfactory sensitivity and olfactory resolution. The disclosure provides distinct ensembles of odorants that can be used in making such determinations. In some embodiments, odorants are provided in a plurality of dilutions, such as serial dilutions, such that iterative exposure to the distinct dilutions provides for quantifying and/or scoring olfactory sensitivity and/or resolution. In one non-limiting approach, the lowest concentration of an odor stimulus that a subject can perceive is determined, and used to provide a value for olfactory sensitivity. In another non-limiting approach, a subject's capacity to distinguish distinct smells from one another is quantified and/or scored to provide a value for olfactory resolution. Certain aspects of olfactory resolution and/or sensitivity can be assessed using a variety of experimental designs, a non-limiting example of which comprises a triangle test, whereby the capacity of an individual to determine the presence or absence of an olfactory stimulus, and/or to discriminate between distinct olfactory stimuli, is analyzed.
In embodiments, a value determined using an approach described herein can be used to assist in a diagnosis of an olfactory defect, and/or another condition or disorder that is correlated with olfactory sensory acuity, for example, by determining a sensitivity and/or resolution value that is lower or different from a threshold or reference value.
In embodiments, methods of the disclosure can comprise performance of triangle tests. Triangle tests are known to those skilled in the art as a discriminative approach used in sensory science to determine the presence or absence of a stimulus, and/or a difference between distinct samples, such as by asking a subject to select one of three stimuli that is different from the other two.
Kits comprising combinations of odorants described herein are also provided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the disclosure, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
FIG. 1 shows SMELL-S olfactory sensitivity and SMELL-R olfactory resolution tests. (A) Schematic of triangle test stimuli for SMELL-S, comprising two glass vials containing solvent (gray) and one containing increasingly diluted mixtures of 30 molecules (red-white mosaic). Olfactory sensitivity of a subject measured with SMELL-S [Subject Expt 1-A023, SMELL-S (v2)]. (B) Schematic of triangle test stimuli for SMELL-R, comprising two jars containing the same mixture of 30 molecules (red-white mosaic) and a one containing mixtures of 30 molecules (black-gray mosaic) with an increasing number of molecules shared with the other two. Olfactory resolution of a subject measured with SMELL-R [Subject Expt 1-A016, SMELL-R (v1)]. Circles in A and B indicate starting level for each test.
FIG. 2 shows test-retest reliability and relationship between SMELL-S and SMELL-R tests. (A) Experiment 1 design, showing one example of the many different presentations of the six smell tests. SMELL-R tests were always administered after SMELL-S or threshold tests in a given visit. (B) Bland-Altman plots of the indicated tests where each dot represents data from one subject. Black dotted lines represent the average of differences between retest and test scores, and gray areas indicate 95% limits of agreement (average difference ±1.96 S.D. of the difference, n=74-75). (C) Test and retest scores for SMELL-R (v1) and SMELL-R (v2) where each dot represents data from one subject (ICC=intraclass correlation coefficient; n=73-75).
FIG. 3 shows addressing the problem of odor-specific insensitivity. (A) Subject average scores of the indicated tests from Experiment 1 between test and retest. Data marked with different letters indicate significantly different inter-individual variance between groups (p<0.0001; Conover squared ranks test, n=74-75). Data from the seven lowest-scoring subjects in the phenylethyl alcohol test are connected by lines. (B) Experiment 2 design. (C) The relationship between different etiologies of olfactory dysfunction and UPSIT scores in published studies, as well as of Experiment 2 subjects divided by self-reported smell abilities (mean±95% confidence interval). References: Korsakoff Syndrome (43), traumatic brain injury (45), sinonasal disease (45), Parkinson's Disease (46), postviral olfactory dysfunction (45), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (9), elderly at higher risk of cognitive decline (9), non-amnestic mild cognitive impaired (9), and toxic exposure (47). (D) UPSIT scores for subjects divided into normal and dysfunctional groups according to phenylethyl alcohol threshold (Sniffin' Sticks) (cut-off score=6.5) performance, where each dot represents data from one subject. Subjects scored as normal by the UPSIT but dysfunctional by Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol test are colored in red in D and E. Data from the remaining subjects are colored brown here and in E. Data labeled with different letters are significantly different (p=0.0003, Mann-Whitney test). Medians and interquartile range are represented. (E) Comparison of UPSIT and phenylethyl alcohol (Sniffin' Sticks) scores. (F) UPSIT scores for subjects divided into normal and dysfunctional groups according SMELL-S (v2) (cut-off score=7) performance, where each dot represents data from one subject. Subjects scored as normal by the UPSIT but dysfunctional by Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol test in D are colored red in F and G, while the others are in blue. Data labeled with different letters are significantly different (p<0.0001; Mann-Whitney test), and represented as median and interquartile range. (G) Comparison between UPSIT and SMELL-S (v2) scores. Subjects with identical values are indicated by superimposed open circles and an X, and retain the specified color coding.
FIG. 4 shows SMELL-S and SMELL-R diagnostic accuracy. (A) Comparison of UPSIT and SMELL-S (v2) scores for Experiment 2 subjects (mean±S.D.) Subjects were divided into dysfunctional (n=7) and normal (n=26) using an UPSIT cut-off score of 29. Data labeled with different letters are significantly different (p=0.0005, two-sided unpaired t-test with Welch's correction). (B) Area under the ROC curve (AUC) for SMELL-S (v2). The optimal cut-off is indicated by the blue dot. (C) Plots of four measures of diagnostic accuracy resulting from different cut-off scores for SMELL-S (v2) (percentage ±95% confidence interval). The optimal cut-off score for olfactory dysfunction defined by Youden's Index (center) is indicated by the blue dot. (D) Comparison of UPSIT and SMELL-R (v2) scores for Experiment 2 subjects (mean±S.D.) Subjects were divided into dysfunctional (n=7) and normal (n=26) using an UPSIT cut-off score of 29. Data labeled with different letters are significantly different (p=0.0035, two-sided unpaired t-test with Welch's correction). Subject Expt 2-A006 had a self-reported normal sense of smell but low scores on the UPSIT, as well as SMELL-S (v2) in A and SMELL-R (v2) in D. (E) Area under the ROC curve (AUC) for SMELL-R (v2). The optimal cut-off is indicated by the green dot. (F) Plots of four measures of diagnostic accuracy resulting from different cut-off scores for SMELL-R (v2) (rate or percentage ±95% confidence interval). The optimal cut-off score for olfactory dysfunction defined by Youden's Index (center) is indicated by the green dot. Subjects with identical values are indicated by superimposed open circles and an X, and retain the specified color coding.
FIG. 5 shows addressing the problem of different prior olfactory experiences. (A) Experiment 3 design. (B) Performance of Taiwanese (n=36) (top) and North American (n=36) (bottom) subjects for individual UPSIT items, open bar bars indicate correct answers and solid bars indicate the most frequent incorrect answer. (C-D) Histogram of North American and Taiwanese subject scores for the UPSIT (C) and SMELL-R (v2) (D). (E) Cross-population comparison of UPSIT and SMELL-R (v2) (mean±95% confidence interval) for subjects in (C,D).
FIG. 6 shows SMELL-S (panel A) and SMELL-R (panel B) stimuli are stable over 4 months of testing. To calculate the stability of SMELL-S (panel A) and SMELL-R (panel B), the median and interquartile range of testing score per study visit day were plotted. The slope of the data was fitted by linear regression, and analyzed for significant difference from a slope of zero, which would correspond to perfect stability across the testing period. Stimuli for each test were freshly made only once at the beginning of the study, stored at room temperature in a ventilated lab, and used throughout the study. Study visit days took place 2-3 times a week. We tested 75 subjects who performed each one of the 4 tests twice.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE Although claimed subject matter will be described in terms of certain embodiments, other embodiments, including embodiments that do not provide all of the benefits and features set forth herein, are also within the scope of this disclosure. Various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
Every numerical range given throughout this specification includes its upper and lower values, as well as every narrower numerical range that falls within it, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
The disclosure includes all method steps and compositions of matter described herein in the text figures and tables of this disclosure, including all such steps individually and in all combinations thereof. The disclosure includes all compositions of matter including but not necessarily limited to every combination and sub-combination of compounds described herein, all dilutions of the compounds, all compound mixtures, all compound ratios, and all combinations of compound combinations that may be provided in single containers, or more than one container, and sets of compounds provided in single and separate containers. Containers are defined as the vehicle by which stimuli are presented to the subject, and can comprise a solid or liquid formulation in a vial or jar; a scratch ‘n’ sniff scent strip; a solid or liquid formulation in a device that produces a vapor or aerosol of the stimuli. The stimuli can be delivered manually by the subjects manipulating the container and sniffing, or digitally by a device that automatically delivers the stimuli to the subject. In embodiments, a mixture of compounds described herein can be provided in a semi-solid composition, including but not limited to a wax. In embodiments, mixtures that are present in, for example, a wax, can be provided as a component of a device, such as a disk, or cartridge. In embodiments, the disclosure includes a system comprising one or more disks or cartridges that comprise a mixture of compounds described herein in a liquid, semi-solid, or solid medium. In embodiments, the system allows for production and/or dissemination to a user of a vapor, such as in the presence of a drift, such as an air drift.
The compound combinations can comprise or consist of any of the compounds listed for any combination thereof, and my further include buffers or diluents that, for example, do not impact the olfactory system of a subject undergoing testing using the compounds. The disclosure includes a proviso that any compound or combination of compounds can be excluded from the claims of this application or patent, including but not necessarily limited to those compounds disclosed herein as “excluded” wherein the exclusion is for any reason, including but not limited to lateralization score or intensity-matching, or a combination thereof. Compounds of this disclosure are provided with compound identifiers (CID) which are the permanent identifier for a unique chemical structure as curated in PubChem, a project of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) of the US government. All of the information in the associated PubChem database for each of the CIDs in this disclosures is incorporated herein by reference as of the filing date of this application or patent. In embodiments, compositions comprising any combination of compounds described herein remain stable over a period of time, such as from seven days, to at least a period of twelve months, including all days and intervals of days there between. In embodiments, the combinations of compounds are stored at room temperature and remain stable. In embodiments, stability is determined by the combination of compounds remaining suitable for using in a method described herein. In an embodiment, stability is determined as described for FIG. 6, which demonstrates determining stability of SMELL-S (FIG. 6, panel A) and SMELL-R (FIG. 6, panel B) tests, by plotting the median and interquartile range of testing score per study visit day. The slope of the data was fitted by linear regression (but other statistical methods that will be apparent to those skilled in the art could also be used) and analyzed for significant difference from a slope of zero, which would correspond to perfect stability across the testing period.
The disclosure includes measuring olfactory sensitivity, olfactory resolution, and combinations thereof. Such measurements can be made during a single test, or over consecutive tests, which may be performed during a single testing period, such as in a single day, or over a series of testing periods. The tests may be performed by a health care professional, or may be conveniently self-administered by the user. The tests thus involve methods for evaluating the olfactory function of an individual. The methods generally comprise allowing a subject to nasally inhale odorants from any combination of compounds and/or series of compound combinations described herein such that a determination of the sensitivity and/or the resolution capability of the olfactory function of the individual is made. The disclosure includes assigning threshold and/or score values to the olfactory function of the individual, as further described herein. In certain aspects the disclosure includes using the compound combinations described herein to assess olfactory function and generate one or more scores or other values that represent olfactory sensitivity, olfactory resolution, and/or combinations thereof. The disclosure includes use of control combinations of compounds and comparing perception of smell of test combinations to perception of smell to the control combinations.
In certain embodiments, the disclosures provides for integration of the testing procedures described herein with adaptive software to develop one or more thresholds and/or scores for olfactory sensitivity and/or resolution. Thus, embodiments of the disclosure can in part be implemented by a device comprising a microprocessor running software to perform one or more calculations described herein. In embodiments, the disclosure includes an application (i.e., an app) that can guide a user through one or a series of tests described herein, and whereby the test results can be entered into the app and one or more threshold values or scores can be generated and presented to the user via a user interface. Such apps can be configured to run on a computer connected to a bar code scanner, or any mobile device, such as a mobile phone or a tablet that can scan a QR code with a camera. In an embodiment, the software/app interfaces with a scent delivery device that controls the release of the stimuli, wherein the stimuli comprise a combination of compounds as described herein. In embodiments, the disclosure comprises a distributed system in a networked environment.
In certain embodiments the invention facilitates determination of the lowest concentration of an odor stimulus that a subject can perceive, and thus provides for generating a value for olfactory sensitivity. In alternative or complementary embodiments the invention facilitates analysis of a subject's ability to distinguish distinct smells from one another, and thus provides a value for olfactory resolution. In embodiments, methods of the disclosure can comprise performance of triangle tests. Triangle tests are known to those skilled in the art as a discriminative approach used in sensory science to determine the presence or absence of a stimulus, and/or a difference between distinct samples, such as by asking a subject to select one of three stimuli that is different from the other two.
In certain aspects of this disclosure, subjects are tested using a series of odorant combinations, which may or may not be presented using a triangle test approach, to determine which of a series of test combinations of odorants can be perceived using, for instance, serial dilutions of combinations of odorants, until a threshold is reached wherein no smell can be perceived. In certain aspects of this disclosure, subjects are tested to determine which of a series of test combinations of odorants are different from a reference combination, such as by removal or replacement of one or more odorants from a series of odorant combinations, until a threshold is reached, wherein difference in smell between a sample and a reference cannot be detected.
In an embodiment, a triangle test may comprise a test using three unknown samples to determine whether or not an individual can determine which sample is distinct from the others, i.e., the individual is provided samples XXY, which represents three compounds or combinations of compounds or dilutions thereof, to the individual, and the individual is tested to determine whether or not the individual can identify Y as distinct from samples XX.
Non-limiting embodiments of the disclosure are generally outlined in FIG. 1, wherein panel A in FIG. 1 depicts an approach to determining olfactory sensitivity, and wherein FIG. 1, panel B, presents an approach to determining olfactory resolution. All steps and combinations of steps depicted in the figures of this disclosure are included within its scope. All dilution values described herein, whether or not depicted in the figures, are encompassed within this disclosure. All possible combinations of compounds listed Supporting Data Set 1 and all other tables provided herein are encompassed by this disclosure. Any single compound, or any combination of compounds described herein, can be excluded from the claims.
In embodiments the disclosure provides for determining a threshold score that is at least in part calculated using a reversal, wherein a reversal comprises a change in the direction of the concentration used for the test, i.e., the subject who is nasally inhaling samples with increasing concentrations is subsequently provided a decreased concentration, or vice versa. In embodiments, more than one reversal point can be attained in order to determine a threshold value. In certain embodiments, from 1-7 reversals are attained. In embodiments, a threshold value is determined when a subject cannot detect a particular high concentration of odorants at least twice, or the subject detects a particular low concentration of odorants more than one time. A threshold value can be the same as, or used in establishing a score for the individual. In an embodiment, a score can be determined using reversals in combination with concentration values where one, or a series, or an average of concentration values where reversal(s) occurred are used. In embodiments, an individual is assigned a score of from 1-16, wherein 16 indicates the individual is able to correctly identify low concentrations of odorants, whereas a score of 1 indicates the individual was not able to identify high concentrations of odorants. Such thresholds and scores can be used for determining olfactory sensitivity, and can be adapted for determining olfactory resolution. For example, standard staircase procedures can be used, given the benefit of the present disclosure, to determine a subject's ability to discriminate between different combinations of compounds that can be, for example, altered in a stepwise fashion to become increasingly similar or dissimilar to each other, and/or to test the capability of an individual to detect a sample that is dissimilar from other sample(s), such as is generally outlined in FIG. 1B.
In certain approaches the compositions, kits and methods of this disclosure are broadly applicable to geographically and culturally distinct populations of human individuals, and to individuals over a variety of ages. Thus, the disclosure removes difficulties of, for example, semantic-based smell tests that include biases based on lack of prior exposure to an odorant, and/or an inability to verbalize a characteristic of an odorant due to geographical, cultural, or linguistic influences or experience. In particular, the present disclosure provides smell tests that use mixtures of molecules that average out the variability in sensitivity to individual molecules. Because these mixtures have unfamiliar odors, and the tests are non-semantic, their use eliminates differences in test performance due to the familiarity with the smells or the words used to describe them. Thus, the tests facilitate smell testing of diverse populations, without the need to adapt the test stimuli.
In certain approaches the compositions and methods of this disclosure are used to test a human individual who is diagnosed with, suspected of having, or is at risk for developing one or more sensory and/or cognitive disorders. In embodiments, the individual is at risk for developing a cognitive disorder that comprises memory loss, and/or dementia. In embodiments the disclosure is used to aid in diagnosis of such a disorder, and may moreover contribute to earlier diagnosis than has been possible before the development of the present invention. In embodiments the disorder is Alzheimer's disease, or is a post-concussion syndrome, or Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). In certain and alternative embodiments, the disclosure aids in diagnosis of hyposmia, anosmia, parosmia, or phantosmia. Additional conditions that the compositions and methods of this disclosure may assist in the diagnosis of include but are not necessarily limited to: inflammatory nasal and sinus diseases, such as those caused by postviral olfactory dysfunction, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps; nasal tumors, including esthesioneuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma, respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma; neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's Disease and Huntington's Disease; normal aging; toxic exposure to chemicals in the industrial workplace; congenital syndromes affecting the sense of smell, including Kallmann Syndrome, Kartagener Syndrome, Isolated Congenital Anosmia; brain tumors, including olfactory groove meningioma or temporal lobe neoplasia; systemic diseases, including diabetes, alcoholism, liver failure, renal failure, hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus; and psychiatric disorders, including depression or schizophrenia. Thus, in embodiments, a result obtained from performing a method of this disclosure may provide a diagnosis, or aid in a healthcare provider's diagnosis, of any of the foregoing conditions.
In embodiments, the compositions and methods of this disclosure can aid in monitoring a treatment for one or more conditions. In a non-limiting embodiment, an individual can be evaluated with an initial test or set of tests described herein to establish baseline values for olfactory sensitivity and/or olfactory resolution. The individual can subsequently be re-tested after, for example, a period of therapy for a disorder, and if the individual exhibits an improvement in a value for olfactory sensitivity and/or olfactory resolution relative to the baseline it may be indicative that the particular therapy is effective. Conversely, if the individual exhibits worsening of a value for olfactory sensitivity and/or olfactory resolution relative to the baseline it may be indicative that the particular therapy is not effective. Similar approaches can be adapted to determine if, for example, a particular agent, such as pharmaceutical agent or environmental agent, is having an impact on the olfactory function of an individual. In other embodiments, the disclosure is suitable for evaluating whether an individual has suitable olfactory properties that relate to, for example, a particular occupation wherein sense of smell is important for safety or other reasons, including but not necessarily limited to the development of consumer and industrial products that produce or otherwise involve perception of distinct odors.
In view of the foregoing and the following description, figures and tables, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure provides new non-semantic tests for olfactory sensitivity (SMELL-S) and olfactory resolution (SMELL-R) that overcome previous challenges by using mixtures of odorants that have unfamiliar smells. The tests can be self-administered with minimal training and exhibit high test-retest reliability. Because SMELL-S uses odor mixtures rather than a single molecule, odor-specific insensitivity is averaged out. Indeed, SMELL-S accurately distinguished people with normal and dysfunctional smell. SMELL-R is a discrimination test in which the difference between two stimulus mixtures can be altered stepwise. This is an advance over current discrimination tests, which ask subjects to discriminate monomolecular odorants whose difference cannot be objectively calculated. SMELL-R showed significantly less bias in scores between North American and Taiwanese subjects than conventional semantically-based smell tests that need to be adapted and translated to different populations. It is expected that SMELL-S and SMELL-R will be broadly effective in diagnosing smell dysfunction, including that associated with the earliest signs of memory loss in Alzheimer's disease.
In embodiments, compounds used during testing according to this disclosure are provided to the subject in identical containers, with the proviso that coded indicia signifying to the test provider may be included to identify the composition of the compounds. In embodiments, at least two containers, or at least three containers are provided. At least one of the containers comprises a distinct combination of compounds, and/or a distinct dilution of compounds, relative to at least one other container. In embodiments, the containers are arranged in a particular order, such as a line, and the subject nasally inhales the sample from left to right, or right to left, or top to bottom, or bottom to top, etc. In embodiments, the subject identifies strongest odor (SMELL-S, as described below) or the odd odor (SMELL-R, as described below), or completes both tests.
In embodiments the disclosure provides combinations of the following compounds, which are also listed in the “Molecules Included” table that is part of the Supporting Data Set 1 that forms a part of this disclosure: butyraldehyde, cuminaldehyde, octanal, dihydrocoumarin, octanol, phenethylamine, pyruvic acid, methyl sulfide, 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, decanoic acid, eugenol, 2-phenylethanol, dimethyl anthranilate, 2-isopropylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, carvyl acetate, furfuryl alcohol, α-methylbenzyl alcohol, acetophenone, methyl phenylacetate, diphenyl ether, α,α-dimethylbenzenepropanol, phenethyl acetate, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 4-methylanisole, ethyl propionate, diethyl malonate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, (−)-citronellol, isoamyl butyrate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl octanoate, propyl propionate, dimethyl succinate, methyl heptanoate, gamma-valerolactone, benzenethiol, butyl butyrate, butylamine, thiophene, ethyl decanoate, diethyl sebacate, valeraldehyde, piperidine, 2-octanone, heptanoic acid, propyl sulfide, heptanol, decanol, lauryl acetate, 2-hydroxyacetophenone, methyl anthranilate, p-tolyl acetate, 4-allylanisole, ethyl acetate, allyl heptanoate, nonanol, α,α-dimethylphenethyl acetate, 3-acetylpyridine. diethyl sulfide, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, carvacrol, methyl propionate, butyl propionate, methyl 2-furoate, 5-methylfurfural, ethyl undecanoate, pentyl acetate, 2-decanone, 2-nonanone, decahydro-2-naphthol, undecane, 1,6-hexanedithiol, 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran, Isoamyl octanoate, allyl butyrate, terpinyl formate, 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine, hexyl hexanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, phenethyl propionate, p-anisaldehyde, ethyl hexanoate, allyl hexanoate, benzyl phenylacetate, 2-phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, butyl 10-undecenoate, methyl 2-methoxybenzoate, hexyl formate, 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol acetate, delta-undecalactone, ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoate, 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran, 2-ethoxythiazole, 2-furanmethanethiol formate, 4-oxoisophorone, dihydrojasmone, whiskey lactone, 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin, 2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane, 2-acetyl-3,5(6)-dimethylpyrazine, omega-pentadecalactone, 3-octanone, phenethyl 2-furoate, 2-(1-methylpropyl)thiazole, 3-octyl acetate, and geraniol.
These compounds were intensity-matched and exhibited a lateralization score ≤11, as described further herein. In embodiments, the disclosure includes combinations of that comprise or consist of at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 of these compounds. Mixtures that include more than 30 compounds, whether or not they are the compounds described herein, are also included. In embodiments, the disclosure comprises combinations of these compounds, wherein the compounds are divided into more than one container. Any container suitable for holding the compounds, and whereby a human subject can access the container to smell its contents, is included in the disclosures. In embodiments, the container comprises a glass or plastic vessel which may comprise an attached or removal cover or cap. In embodiments the vessel is ajar, a tube, or a vial. In embodiments, the vessel comprises an absorbent material. In embodiments, the vessel comprises a digital scent delivery device that volatilizes or aerosolizes the stimuli from a solid or liquid form. In embodiments, the disclosure comprises combinations that contain all of compounds in the Molecules Included list below, wherein sets of the compounds, such as from 2-30 of the compounds, are divided into separate containers. In embodiments, the disclosures comprises sets of these compounds, wherein the compounds are diluted by a method and in a solvent appropriate for a given delivery system such as one or more dilutions obtained from a serial dilution.
In embodiments, the disclosure comprises any combination(s) or sets of combinations of compounds that are described in the “Table SMELL-R and SMELL-S Combinations” table that is part of the Supporting Data Set 1. In embodiments, one or more of the compounds are diluted as set forth in the SMELL-R and SMELL-S Combinations table.
In embodiments, the disclosure comprises kits. The kits can comprise one or more containers comprising any combination of compounds described herein, and may comprise empty containers for iterative tests, and/or for making compound dilutions for use in the methods described herein. The kits can include one or more solutions, such as for dissolving or suspending or dispersing any of the compounds described herein, and/or for diluting such compounds. The kits may comprise compound master mixes that are suitable for use directly, or for making dilutions and compound combinations as described herein. The kits can include printed material or a means for accessing web-hosted information that instructs the user how to perform the sensitivity and/or resolution tests described herein.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises fixing one or more results from a test described herein in a tangible medium of expression, and optionally communicating the test result to a database, and/or to a health care provider.
The following examples are intended to illustrate but not limit the invention.
Example 1 This example provides a description of smell tests: SMELL-S and SMELL-R.
To improve currently available diagnostic tools for testing olfactory function, and as outlined above, we created two new smell tests based on odorant mixtures. The Olfactory Sensitivity Test (SMELL-S) measures sensitivity to a mixture of 30 monomolecular odorants (FIG. 1A). The Olfactory Resolution Test (SMELL-R) measures the ability of subjects to discriminate the smell of such mixtures with an increase in overlapping components (FIG. 1B) (21, 22). Tests were presented in glass jars or vials as triangle tests, in which subjects were asked to pick out the stimulus with the strongest odor (SMELL-S) or the odd odor (SMELL-R). Both tests used adaptive staircase procedures that are standard in clinical olfactory testing (FIG. 1A, 1B) (23) (Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf S R, Pauli E, & Kobal G (1997) ‘Sniffin’ sticks': olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses 22(1):39-52, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).
Test-Retest Reliability
Effective diagnostic tests should be designed with high test-retest reliability. We therefore measured the reliability of SMELL-S and SMELL-R in a population of subjects with a self-reported normal sense of smell (Experiment 1; FIG. 2A). We tested two versions of SMELL-S and SMELL-R (v1 and v2) which are described in the Supporting Data set which is part of this disclosures, which differed in the 30 components used for the mixtures. We also carried out conventional threshold tests with the monomolecular odorants phenylethyl alcohol and butanol. All tests were self-administered with stimuli presented in glass jars. We excluded data from the butanol threshold test from analysis because the stimuli were not stable, as evidenced by a decline in average daily score for all subjects over the course of the four-month study (Supporting Data Set 1).
To assess test-retest reliability for SMELL-S, we computed the absolute difference in test-retest scores for each subject (FIG. 2B). The bias, as defined by the difference between the average of the test and retest scores, was close to zero for all three tests. This indicates that subjects did not show systematically different performance between the test and retest sessions. The 95% limits of agreement were much smaller for the two SMELL-S tests than the phenylethyl alcohol threshold test (FIG. 2B). We did not calculate test-retest correlations because of the large inter-individual variability of the phenylethyl alcohol threshold test compared to the two versions of SMELL-S (24). These results demonstrate that the SMELL-S test is more reliable than the phenylethyl alcohol threshold test. The phenylethyl alcohol threshold test is commercially available as Sniffin' Sticks, a well-validated test administered by clinical staff that utilizes felt-tip pens for odorant delivery (23, 25). To confirm that our self-administered phenylethyl alcohol threshold test presented in glass vials produced results comparable to Sniffin' Sticks, we re-invited 23 subjects from Experiment 1 and administered the Sniffin Sticks' version of the phenylethyl alcohol threshold test. There was a strong correlation between the phenylethyl alcohol threshold self-administered in glass vials and Sniffin' Sticks administered by a research assistant (r=0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.72-0.95, Pearson correlation). This further confirms our conclusions that both versions of SMELL-S are more reliable tests of olfactory sensitivity than thresholds measured with phenylethyl alcohol.
We next examined the test-retest reliability of the SMELL-R test. Because the interindividual variability between SMELL-R (v1) (mean 9.3±4.3 standard deviation) and SMELL-R (v2) (mean 10.2±3.5 standard deviation) did not differ significantly (p=0.074, F test) (FIG. 2C), we calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the SMELL-R tests. By this metric the two versions of SMELL-R are very reliable (FIG. 2C). Because SMELL-R (v2) had lower interindividual variability, we used this version of the test for the remaining experiments in the study.
Addressing the Problem of Odor-Specific Insensitivity
Smell tests that use a monomolecular stimulus like phenylethyl alcohol may misdiagnose a subject with odor-specific insensitivity to this odorant. A test based on mixtures of many components would overcomes this problem as described herein, because each odorant in the mixture has only a small impact on the overall test score (26). Such a test is expected to be highly effective in diagnosing general olfactory dysfunction, rather than variability in sensitivity to any individual odorant.
To explore how odor-specific sensitivity affects the accuracy of smell dysfunction diagnosis, we compared the performance of subjects in Experiment 1 on smell tests that used monomolecular stimuli or mixtures. The variability in test scores across all subjects in Experiment 1 of the phenylethyl alcohol threshold was significantly higher than that of SMELL-S (v1) and SMELL-S (v2) (FIG. 3A). Of the 7 subjects in the lowest 10th percentile in the phenylethyl alcohol threshold test, only one was in the lowest 10th percentile for both versions of SMELL-S. Without intending to be bound by any particular theory, we speculate that this subject has an impaired sense of smell. The low phenylethyl alcohol scores of the other 6 subjects likely reflect odor-specific insensitivity to odorant rather than impaired olfactory function. These subjects would have been misdiagnosed with smell dysfunction using the phenylethyl alcohol threshold test.
To confirm this, we compared the SMELL-S test with the Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol threshold test and the North American version of the UPSIT (Experiment 2; FIG. 3B). Since SMELL-S (v2) had the narrowest 95% limits of agreement (FIG. 2B), we used this version of SMELL-S for the rest of this study. In Experiment 2, we assessed the performance of subjects with a self-reported normal or abnormal sense of smell on the UPSIT, Sniffin' Sticks, and SMELL-S (v2). Based on results in FIG. 3A, we anticipated that SMELL-S (v2) would be more accurate than the Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol threshold test in identifying subjects with smell dysfunction. We used the UPSIT to benchmark the performance of the Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol threshold test compared to SMELL-S (v2). Because this smell test is composed of 40 different items, the final score is not strongly affected by odor-specific insensitivity to any given stimulus among the 40 items of the test. To set a cut-off between normal and dysfunctional subjects, we performed a literature search on mean UPSIT scores in North American patients suffering from smell dysfunction caused by various etiologies. Based on this analysis and consistent with an earlier study (3), we defined normal olfactory function as an UPSIT score of 29 and over and smell dysfunction as an UPSIT score of 28 and lower (FIG. 3C). In Experiment 2, the mean score of the subjects with self-reported smell dysfunction was below this cut-off, whereas the mean score of those with self-reported normal sense of smell was above the cut-off (FIG. 3C). For the Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol threshold test we used the cut-off specified by the manufacturer, with normal defined as a score higher than 6.5 and dysfunctional a score of lower than 6.5.
Subjects in Experiment 2 were divided into normal and dysfunctional according to their performance on the Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol threshold test (FIG. 3D). Using the UPSIT cut-off score as a metric of olfactory dysfunction, 10 subjects would have been misdiagnosed as having olfactory dysfunction by the Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol threshold test (FIG. 3D-G, red dots). When we divided subjects according to performance on the SMELL-S (v2) test using a cut-off score of 7 (see FIG. 4), we found that only one subject was given a different diagnosis using the UPSIT than with SMELL-S (v2) (FIG. 3F). This demonstrates that the SMELL-S (v2) test is superior to the Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol threshold test in accurately diagnosing smell dysfunction. We conclude that odor-specific insensitivity to phenylethyl alcohol makes the Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol threshold unreliable, and that the use of odor mixtures in SMELL-S (v2) overcomes this problem and is superior in accurately diagnosing smell dysfunction.
Diagnostic Accuracy
To be useful in the clinic, smell tests should correctly identify patients with smell dysfunction, and not misdiagnose normal subjects. In other words, diagnostic tests must balance false positive and false negative results. To establish a diagnostically optimal cut-off score for SMELL-S (v2) and SMELL-R (v2), we divided subjects into dysfunctional and normal using an UPSIT cut-off score of 29, and examined SMELL-S (v2) scores of self-reported normal and abnormal subjects in these two groups (FIG. 4A). Subjects with normal UPSIT scores had significantly higher SMELL-S (v2) scores than those that were dysfunctional (FIG. 4A). Subjects with a self-reported normal sense of smell (blue dots in FIG. 4A) had significantly higher SMELL-S (v2) scores (median, 12.5; interquartile range, 11-14) than whose with self-reported abnormal sense of smell (median, 7.75; interquartile range, 2.25-9.50) (red dots in FIG. 4A) (p=0.0011, Mann-Whitney test).
We next determined the overall accuracy of SMELL-S (v2), and selected an optimal cut-off score to differentiate normal and dysfunctional subjects (FIG. 4B-C). The standard measure of clinical test accuracy is the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which plots the true and false positive rates at different cut-off scores. The area under the ROC curve of SMELL-S (v2) is 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.85-1.00) (FIG. 4B), which is close to the perfect accuracy of 1.
To select the cut-off value for SMELL-S (v2) that optimally distinguishes normal and dysfunctional subjects we calculated Youden's Index (27) at each of 14 SMELL-S (v2) cut-off scores. A Youden's Index value of 1 indicates no false positives and no false negatives. (FIG. 4C). Based on this analysis, the administration of SMELL-S (v2) with a cut-off value of 7 will be clinically useful for physicians to diagnose patients with olfactory dysfunction.
We carried out the same procedure to determine the accuracy of the SMELL-R olfactory resolution test. Subjects classified as dysfunctional by their UPSIT score had lower SMELL-R (v2) scores, and subjects classified as normal by UPSIT performance had a higher SMELL-R (v2) scores (FIG. 4D). The area under the ROC curve for SMELL-R (v2) was 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.65-0.93) (FIG. 4E). The optimal cut-off assessed by Youden's Index was 8.5 (FIG. 4F). These data show that SMELL-R at a cut-off value of 8.5 will be clinically useful for diagnosing smell dysfunction.
Addressing the Problem of Different Prior Olfactory Experiences
An aspect of this disclosure is the development of a test that does not have to be adapted to different populations. To ask if SMELL-R (v2) performs well in different countries, we compared SMELL-R (v2) performance between Taiwanese and North American subjects (Experiment 3, FIG. 5A). As a positive control we used the North American version of the UPSIT for both populations, because previous work has shown that Taiwanese subjects have systematically lower scores on this test due to unfamiliarity with several of the test items (18). To enable self-administration of the UPSIT we supplied Taiwanese subjects with a Chinese translation of the English multiple-choice questions in the test booklet. SMELL-R (v2) did not require any language translation because it is non-semantic.
North Americans performed better on most of the items in the UPSIT, with the biggest differences found for “pine”, “lime”, “cherry”, and “rose” (FIG. 5B). Even so, several items were frequently mistaken by North American subjects, including “paint thinner” when the correct answer was “cheddar cheese”, “musk” instead of “lime”, and “wintergreen” instead of “bubble gum”. The Taiwanese subjects also struggled with the “cheddar cheese” item, also frequently mistaking it for “paint thinner”, but in addition mistook “turpentine” for “soap”, “motor oil” for “grass”, and “clove” for “licorice”. The overall UPSIT scores for Taiwanese subjects were significantly lower than those of the North American subjects (FIG. 5C) (p<0.0001, Mann Whitney test). In contrast, Taiwanese subjects scored higher on SMELL-R (v2) than the North American subjects (FIG. 5D) (p=0.0157, Mann Whitney test). The difference for the two populations was much smaller for SMELL-R (v2) than the UPSIT as determined by calculating the difference in Z-scores (FIG. 5E). While we do not know the underlying cause for the superior performance of Taiwanese subjects on SMELL-R (v2), the results show that our test avoids the bias seen for the UPSIT, in which test performance is systematically higher in the population for which the test was developed. We conclude that SMELL-R (v2) can be applied across different populations with different prior olfactory experiences, and without the need to adapt it to the local culture and language.
Materials and Methods
General, Subjects
All behavioral testing with human subjects took place between March 2015 and December 2016, and was approved and monitored by the Institutional Review Boards of The Rockefeller University in New York, N.Y. (USA), except the Taiwanese arm of Experiment 3, which was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taichung, Taiwan. North American subjects were recruited by The Rockefeller University Clinical Research Recruitment and Outreach Support Service (37). Taiwanese subjects were recruited by the nursing staff of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the Taichung Veterans General Hospital (Taiwan). All subjects gave their written informed consent to participate in these experiments, and were compensated for their time. All North American and Taiwanese subjects were able to understand and follow instructions in English or Mandarin, respectively. Subjects were aged 18 or over and agreed to refrain from using perfume or cologne, and ingesting anything except water one hour prior to the study visit. At the beginning of each visit, subjects washed their hands with odorless soap. For subjects reporting a normal sense of smell and taste, we excluded subjects who presented with current or past history of conditions that might be related to smell loss (acute or chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal tumor, upper respiratory tract infection or head trauma that altered the sense of smell for more than one month, history of brain or sinonasal surgery, asthma, stroke, neurodegenerative disease, radiation therapy or chemotherapy, active smoking, or consumption of medication affecting the sense of smell during the study). Participants with self-reported smell dysfunction were not subject to these exclusion criteria. All raw data in the paper, including details about the demographics of the subjects, odorants, and composition of the test stimuli are in Supporting Data Set 1.
General, Tests
To allow for self-administration and automatic data collection, we designed a custom computer application that was used for the vial threshold tests and also the SMELL-S and SMELL-R tests. The testing station comprised a computer, wireless mouse, barcode scanner, and trays containing numbered stimulus containers labeled with bar codes. Triangle tests were set up so that subjects were never tested with the same set of stimuli twice in a row, to avoid the situation where subjects remembered their answers from the previous trial. Subjects used a barcode scanner to register test data automatically. Subjects took between 20-35 minutes to complete each smell test, with the exception of the UPSIT which took 10-15 minutes. A standard inter-trial interval was imposed to avoid odor adaptation by requiring subjects to play a computer game for 20 seconds.
SMELL-S and SMELL-R were created with four different mixtures of 30 molecules drawn from a panel of 109 monomolecular, intensity-matched chemicals. These odorants were selected from stimuli utilized in previous psychophysical studies (21, 38). We used only molecules that minimally activated the trigeminal system, because such stimuli can be detected by anosmic subjects (39, 40). A characteristic of trigeminal activation by a molecule is a fresh, cold, burning, eucalyptus, pungent, or tickling sensation. We used a lateralization task in which an odorant is applied into only one nostril to assign a lateralization score to each molecule. It is possible to localize the stimulated nostril if it activates the trigeminal system. In contrast, it is much harder to localize an olfactory stimulus (41). Lateralization tasks were self-administered by one investigator. Two disposable squeeze bottles were placed in a device facilitating simultaneous squeezing and stimuli delivery in each nostril. Only one bottle was filled with an odor stimulus. The tip of each bottle was fitted with a foam piece that conformed to the investigator's nostril, and placed at the entrance of each nostril. The investigator squeezed both bottles simultaneously and attempted to localize which nostril had received the stimulus. After each task, the device was spun on a rotating platform to randomize the odor-stimulus side. The final score corresponded to the number of correct tasks. There were a total of 20 tasks (42). As a control experiment, we found that the lateralization score of the trigeminal stimulus eucalyptol (CID: 2758) at pure concentration was high (median, 20; interquartile range, 19.25-20; 4 trials). The lateralization score of the olfactory stimulus vanillin (CID: 1183) at pure concentration was low (median, 6.5; interquartile range, 5-12.5, 6 trials). The difference between the lateralization scores of eucalyptol and vanillin was statistically significant (p=0.0009, Mann-Whitney test). Each candidate for the mixtures was tested once. We included candidates with a score of 11 and below in the design of the mixtures (Supporting Data Set 1).
To intensity-match molecules to be used in mixtures, odorants were diluted and three investigators individually classified them as “too weak”, “well matched”, or “too strong”. The concentration of “too weak” stimuli was increased and that of “too strong” stimuli decreased by a factor of 10. Weak components that could not be intensity-matched even at pure concentrations were excluded from the pool of odorants. We repeated this process until most of the components fell into the optimal intensity range. For 18 components investigators could not reach a consensus about intensity, but these were nevertheless used in the mixtures (CID: 1068, 7969, 31244, 9589, 17898, 104721, 3314, 14491, 62144, 7583, 7983, 60999, 251531, 7799, 61151, 9609, 8118, 89440). With these components, we created four mixtures of 30 components. The SMELL-S (v1) mixture was used as the ODD odor in SMELL-R (v1), and the SMELL-S (v2) mixtures was used as the CONTROL odor in SMELL R (v2). The mixtures for SMELL-R (v1) CONTROL odor and SMELL-R (v2) ODD odor were unique to these tests. Details of all mixtures are in Supporting Data Set 1.
Stimuli for the vial threshold tests and SMELL-S were presented to subjects with amber glass vials (height: 95 mm, diameter: 28 mm). Stimuli for SMELL-R were presented to subjects with amber glass jars (height: 51 mm, diameter: 55 mm). The complete list of stimuli used in this study is in Supporting Data Set 1.
Threshold Tests: Phenylethyl Alcohol and Butanol
Threshold tests were administered as a series of triangle tests. Subjects were presented with three vials: two contained 1 ml solvent (paraffin oil) and one contained either phenylethyl alcohol or butanol diluted in solvent in a total volume of 1 ml. Tests comprised 16 different concentrations generated by serial dilutions (1:2) of either odorant in paraffin oil, with the starting concentrations at 0.0313% for phenylethyl alcohol (vial) and 0.25% for butanol (vial). The subject was prompted to sniff each vial and select the one with the strongest perceived odor using an adaptive staircase procedure commonly used in smell testing (23). If they were unable to detect any difference among the three vials, they were prompted to choose one at random. The procedure started at the lowest concentration. If they identified an incorrect vial, the second next higher concentration was presented and so on, until they identified the correct vial. If the subjects identified the correct vial, they were retested at the same concentration. If they identified the correct vial in this retest, they were tested at the next lower concentration. If they identified an incorrect vial, they were tested at the next higher concentration. A reversal is when the direction in which the concentration is changed reverses. The procedure ended after the seventh reversal, or until the subject failed the level with the highest concentration twice in row, or succeeded with the lowest concentration level 5 times in row. The threshold was defined as the average of the concentrations at which the last two reversals occurred. If the highest concentration were not correctly identified twice, the score was 1. If the lowest was identified 5 times in a row, the score was 16.
SMELL-S Olfactory Sensitivity Test (v1 and v2)
For SMELL-S (v1) and SMELL-S (v2), we prepared 19 serial dilutions in paraffin oil (1:2) of two different mixtures of 30 monomolecular odorants and used the last 16 dilutions, such that the tests ranged from easiest (level 1, 1:8 dilution) to most difficult (level 16, 1:262,144 dilution). Subjects were asked to sniff 3 vials, one of which was filled with 1 ml of a mixture of 30 components, and the other two were filled with 1 ml of solvent (paraffin oil). Subjects were instructed to pick out the one vial with the strongest perceived odor. If they were unable to detect any difference among the three vials, they were prompted to choose one at random. The procedure started at the lowest concentration (level 16). We calculated the SMELL-S sensitivity score following the same adaptive staircase procedure described above. For each subject, we measured the olfactory sensitivity with two versions of the tests, SMELL-S (v1) and SMELL-S (v2), which differed only by the chemical composition of the mixtures.
SMELL-R Olfactory Resolution Tests (v1 and v2)
For SMELL-R (v1) and SMELL-R (v2), we prepared 16 pairs of mixtures of 30 monomolecular odorants that differ in how many components the two mixtures in the pair share from 0% (easiest; level 1) to 96.7% (most difficult; level 16). To create 16 levels of increasing overlapping components, we randomly progressively replaced components of a mixture of 30 molecules (we termed this the ODD odor), with components from another mixture of 30 components that did not change in composition across the levels (we termed this the CONTROL odor). Increasing the level of difficulty by one point correspond to an addition of 2 overlapping molecules between both mixtures, except from level 15 to 16, where we added only 1 shared molecule. Stimuli (8 ml) were introduced into jars containing absorbent cotton pads. Subjects were asked to sniff the contents of 3 jars, one of which was filled with 8 ml of a mixture of 30 components, and the other two were filled with 8 ml of a mixture of 30 components with different degree of overlap with the first jar. Subjects were instructed to pick out the odd jar. If they were unable to detect any difference among the three jars, they were prompted to choose one at random. Triangle tests started at a medium difficulty (level 8). If they identified the incorrect jar, the next easier level was presented. We calculated the SMELL-R resolution score following the same adaptive staircase procedure described above. For each subject, we measured the olfactory resolution with two versions of the tests, SMELL-R (v1) and SMELL-R (v2), which differed only in the chemical constituents of the two sets of mixtures.
Sniffin' Sticks Phenylethyl Alcohol Threshold Test
The Sniffin' Sticks (23) threshold phenylethyl alcohol threshold test is a commercial product that uses felt-tip pens filled with odorant instead of ink for odor presentation. [threshold module (2-phenyl ethanol) of the extended Burghart Sniffin' Sticks test, Burghart Messtechnik, item #LA-13-00015]. The test comprises pens containing 16 serial dilutions of phenylethyl alcohol (1:2) in solvent (propylene glycol) with a starting concentration of 4%. The test was administered as a triangle test. Three pens were presented to the subjects by the investigator in a randomized order. Two pens contained the solvent only, and the third pen contained the diluted odorant. Subjects were blindfolded with a disposable mask because the color code of the Sniffin' Sticks reveals which pen contains the odor, and were asked to identify the pen with the strongest perceived odor. The procedure started at the lowest or second lowest concentration of odorant (level 16 or 15, respectively). We calculated the threshold score following the same adaptive staircase procedure described above except that the threshold was defined as the average of the last four reversals occurred.
UPSIT
The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT, marketed as the Smell Identification Test by Sensonics International) is a well-validated and self-administered smell identification test widely used in the USA (43). The test consists of 4 different 10-page booklets, with a total of 40 monomolecular stimuli. On each page, there is a different “scratch and sniff” strip which is embedded with a microencapsulated odorant. There are also four choice multiple-choice questions on each page. Subjects used the tip of a pencil to release the smell of the stimuli. Subjects sniffed the odorant and selected the one word among the four options (for example “paint thinner”, “cherry”, “coconut”, or “cheddar cheese”) that most closely matched their perception of the smell. Subjects entered their answers to the 40 multiple-choice questions manually into a booklet, and investigators transferred the data manually into a spreadsheet. UPSIT performance was scored as the number of correct answers out of 40. We used the same North American UPSIT (43) on subjects at Rockefeller University and Taichung Veterans General Hospital. The Taiwanese subjects were given a reference sheet on which the English multiple-choice questions in the UPSIT booklets were translated into Chinese by R.-S. J. (FIG. 5B) (18).
Experiment 1, Design
In this protocol (Rockefeller University IRB Protocol #JHS-0862), we studied the test-retest reliability of SMELL-S and SMELL-R. We invited volunteers with self-reported normal sense of smell and taste to the Rockefeller University Hospital for six visits (FIG. 2A). During these six visits, six olfactory tests were performed, each of them once during a test session (visit 1 to 3), and then again during a retest session (visit 4 to 6). There was a gap of at least 1 week between the last test visit (visit 3) and the first retest visit (visit 4), and a gap of at least 24 hours between each of the other visits. At each visit, two of the six tests were performed. Although the order of the tests was randomized, in any visit where SMELL-R tests were administered, they were always administered after the SMELL-S or the threshold tests. This experiment was done between March and June 2015.
Experiment 1, Subjects
75 subjects (43 female) participated in this experiment, with a mean age of 44 (range: 21-74). 34 subjects self-identified as White, 26 as Black, 6 as Asian, 2 as Mixed Race, and 7 as Other. 11 subjects self-identified as Hispanic. It took an average of 21 days (range: 14-38 days) for subjects to complete all 6 visits in this experiment.
Experiment 1, Statistical Analysis
The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to measure absolute agreement between test and retest measures for the whole cohort. A sample of n=75 subjects provided 95% confidence that the ICC in the population was larger than 0.67 based on a sample distribution that is centered on 0.8 (44). Bland-Altman plots were used as an auxiliary tool if significant differences in inter-individual variability were found between compared tests (24) (FIG. 2B). We used the non-parametric Conover squared ranks test to assess equality of variance across threshold tests. Statistical significance was reached when p<0.05 (FIG. 3A).
Experiment 2, Design
This experiment was carried out under Rockefeller University IRB protocol #JHS-0922, and was designed to evaluate the accuracy of our tests and whether SMELL-S can distinguish between subjects with specific-anosmia to phenylethyl alcohol but an otherwise normal sense of smell and subjects with smell dysfunction. During a single visit in December 2016, subjects performed four smell tests. The first two tests were either SMELL-S (v2) or Sniffin' Sticks phenylethyl alcohol threshold test. The order of these first two tests was randomized. It was followed by SMELL-R (v2) and finally the UPSIT, as a validated commercial reference test. The investigators enforced a break of at least 3 minutes between tests. During some of the breaks, participants filled out a questionnaire to provide demographic information and answer questions about their sense of taste and smell (Supporting Data Set 1). In 7 cases in the UPSIT tests in Experiment 2, subjects did not provide an answer to a given item, and this was scored as an incorrect answer. The missing data correspond to 3 subjects who missed one item each, and 2 subjects who missed 2 items each.
Experiment 2, Subjects
This experiment included 33 subjects (22 female), with a mean age of 48 (range: 21-76). 17 subjects self-identified as White, 8 as Black, 3 as Asian, 2 as Mixed Race, 1 as Other. Two subjects opted out of self-reporting race. Four subjects self-identified as Hispanic. We re-enrolled 23 subjects from Experiment 1 who self-reported a normal sense of smell and taste. These 23 were selected based on their threshold test results to have approximately even representation of subjects with low, medium, and high sensitivity to phenylethyl alcohol. In addition, we recruited 10 subjects with self-reported smell dysfunction. The self-reported etiologies are reported in Supporting Data Set 1.
Experiment 2, Statistical Analysis
We performed a power analysis and determined that a study with 32 subjects (8 with smell loss and 24 with a normal sense of smell) guarantees 80% power at 5% significance to detect an area under the ROC curve greater than 0.78. Since our actual study included 33 subjects, we carried out a post hoc power analysis using the parameters above to show that we can detect an area under the ROC curve greater than 0.79. We employed Youden's Index (27) to find the best cut-off score for SMELL-S and SMELL-R to maximize correct classification of the olfactory sensitivity and resolution of a subject, respectively (FIG. 4C,F). We used two-sided unpaired t-test with Welch's correction to test for differences between SMELL-S and SMELL-R score in normal and dysfunctional groups (FIG. 4A,C).
Experiment 3, Design
In this experiment, we investigated how SMELL-R performs on different populations by comparing Taiwanese (IRB TCVGH #CE16119B) and North American (Rockefeller University IRB Protocol #JHS-0901) subjects. The North American subjects were tested at The Rockefeller University Hospital, and the Taiwanese subjects were tested in the Department of Otolaryngology at Taichung Veterans General Hospital. The experimental design was the same in both institutions. Each subject came to the test site for a single visit, during which subjects performed the SMELL-R (v2) and UPSIT, separated by a 10 minute break, in randomized order (FIG. 5A).
Experiment 3, Subjects
36 subjects were recruited at both sites. All subjects were born and raised in their respective country, had never travelled to the opposite country, and had a self-reported normal sense of smell and taste. In the North American group, the mean age was 25 (range: 19-30), 23 of 36 subjects were female, and 8 self-identified as White, 14 as Black, 4 as Asian, 9 as Mixed Race, and 1 as American Indian or Alaska native. Six self-identified as Hispanic. In the Taiwanese group, the mean age was 26 (range: 19-30) and 26 of 36 subjects were female. Although we recruited subjects with a self-reported normal sense of smell, two of the North American subjects had UPSIT and SMELL-R (v2) scores below the cut-off for olfactory dysfunction (FIG. 5C,D).
Experiment 3, Statistical Analysis
We used unpaired t-test with Welch's correction to test for differences between smell test performance between North American and Taiwanese subjects (FIG. 5C,D). These tests were applied with and without the 2 North American subjects with UPSIT scores below the cut-off defined for a normal sense of smell.
Statistical Analysis
Normality of data was tested throughout using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the appropriate statistics were used according to the distribution of the data. SPSS (IBM) and Prism (Graphpad) was used for all statistical analysis.
“INCLUDED and EXCLUDED MOLECULES”
(Supporting Data Set 1)
CID Odor name
Molecules INCLUDED (n = 109):
intensity-matched and lateralization score ≤11
261 butyraldehyde
326 cuminaldehyde
454 octanal
660 dihydrocoumarin
957 octanol
1001 phenethylamine
1060 pyruvic acid
1068 methyl sulfide
1136 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol
2969 decanoic acid
3314 eugenol
6054 2-phenylethanol
6826 dimethyl anthranilate
6943 2-isopropylphenol
7144 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol
7335 carvyl acetate
7361 furfuryl alcohol
7409 α-methylbenzyl alcohol
7410 acetophenone
7559 methyl phenylacetate
7583 diphenyl ether
7632 α,α-dimethylbenzenepropanol
7654 phenethyl acetate
7720 2-ethyl-1-hexanol
7731 4-methylanisole
7749 ethyl propionate
7761 diethyl malonate
7762 ethyl butyrate
7770 propyl butyrate
7792 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol
7793 (−)-citronellol
7795 isoamyl butyrate
7797 ethyl heptanoate
7799 ethyl octanoate
7803 propyl propionate
7820 dimethyl succinate
7826 methyl heptanoate
7921 gamma-valerolactone
7969 benzenethiol
7983 butyl butyrate
8007 butylamine
8030 thiophene
8048 ethyl decanoate
8049 diethyl sebacate
8063 valeraldehyde
8082 piperidine
8093 2-octanone
8094 heptanoic acid
8118 propyl sulfide
8129 heptanol
8174 decanol
8205 lauryl acetate
8375 2-hydroxyacetophenone
8635 methyl anthranilate
8797 p-tolyl acetate
8815 4-allylanisole
8857 ethyl acetate
8878 allyl heptanoate
8914 nonanol
9024 α,α-dimethylphenethyl acetate
9589 3-acetylpyridine
9609 diethyl sulfide
9862 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one
10364 carvacrol
11124 methyl propionate
11529 butyl propionate
11902 methyl 2-furoate
12097 5-methylfurfural
12327 ethyl undecanoate
12348 pentyl acetate
12741 2-decanone
13187 2-nonanone
13216 decahydro-2-naphthol
14257 undecane
14491 1,6-hexanedithiol
14514 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran
16255 Isoamyl octanoate
16324 allyl butyrate
16537 terpinyl formate
17898 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine
22873 hexyl hexanoate
24020 ethyl 2-methylbutyrate
31225 phenethyl propionate
31244 p-anisaldehyde
31265 ethyl hexanoate
31266 allyl hexanoate
60999 benzyl phenylacetate
61005 2-phenoxyethyl isobutyrate
61027 butyl 10-undecenoate
61151 methyl 2-methoxybenzoate
61177 hexyl formate
61192 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol acetate
61204 delta-undecalactone
61293 ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoate
61527 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran
61809 2-ethoxythiazole
62144 2-furanmethanethiol formate
62374 4-oxoisophorone
62378 dihydrojasmone
62900 whiskey lactone
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin
101010 2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)-dimethylpyrazine
235414 omega-pentadecalactone
246728 3-octanone
251531 phenethyl 2-furoate
519539 2-(1-methylpropyl)thiazole
521238 3-octyl acetate
637566 geraniol
Molecules EXCLUDED (n = 73):
lateralization score >11
263 butanol
379 octanoic acid
6050 tributyrin
6448 bornyl acetate
6501 ethyl 3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate
6544 isophorone
6549 linalool
6753 omega-6-hexadecenlactone
6998 salicylaldehyde
7047 quinoline
7059 6-methyl quinoline
7127 4-allyl-1,2-dimethoxy benzene
7136 eugenyl acetate
7147 1-phenyl-1-propanol
7150 methyl benzoate
7165 ethyl benzoate
7194 phenethyl benzoate
7302 4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone
7519 anisole
7601 phenethyl phenylacetate
7695 anisyl acetate
7824 methyl caproate
7894 isoamylamine
8103 hexanol
8137 methyl 2-nonynoate
8159 heptyl acetate
8163 2-undecanone
8294 linalyl acetate
8658 o-anisaldehyde
8908 hexyl acetate
8918 nonyl acetate
10722 o-tolualdehyde
10882 ethyl valerate
10890 amyl butyrate
10895 isobutyl propionate
11086 2-aminoacetophenone
11617 allyl sulfide
12178 3-hexanol
12180 methyl butyrate
12206 methyl valerate
12265 2,5-dimethylpyrrole
12377 dipropyl disulfide
12506 tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate
12587 4-methylvaleric acid
12810 delta-decalactone
12813 gamma-decalactone
15606 methyl nonanoate
17617 allyl cyclohexanepropionate
18467 2-methoxypyrazine
18827 1-octen-3-ol
22386 2-pentanol
24197 diethyl malate
24513 decanal dimethyl acetal
24834 4-ethoxybenzaldehyde
27458 2,3-diethylpyrazine
31209 alpha-amylcinnamaldehyde
31210 butyl phenylacetate
31219 benzyl propionate
31234 3-phenyl-1-propanol
31252 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine
31404 butylated hydroxytoluene
36822 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoxaline
60998 isobutyl phenylacetate
61408 allyl 2-ethylbutyrate
61641 methyl 3-(methylthio)propionate
62089 (±)-4-methyloctanoic acid
440967 (−)-beta-pinene
520108 2-acetylthiazole
565690 menthyl isovalerate
637758 ethyl cinnamate
637796 isosafrole
643820 nerol
5281168 2-hexenal
Molecules EXCLUDED (n = 39):
lateralization score ≤11 but intensity-matching failed
753 glycerol
1030 propylene glycol
1183 vanillin
6506 triethyl citrate
6989 thymol
7360 tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
7635 2-ethylhexyl acetate
7657 benzyl ether
7937 2,6-dimethylpyridine
7991 valeric acid
8038 isobutyl acetate
8091 methyl caprylate
8180 undecanoic acid
8184 1-undecanol
8186 undecanal
8193 lauryl alcohol
8363 benzyl salicylate
9025 1,3-dimethoxybenzene
10430 isovaleric acid
13204 delta-hexalactone
14286 2-acetyl pyridine
15654 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole
15717 allyl phenylacetate
17525 hexyl butyrate
21363 cyclohexaneacetic acid
26331 2-ethyl pyrazine
27457 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine
32594 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine
61138 4-pentenoic acid
61523 5-phenyl-1-pentanol
61670 5-methylquinoxaline
62375 benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal
62444 methyl thiobutyrate
62572 ethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate
93375 trivertal
228769 octyl isovalerate
440917 d-limonene
520296 delta-tetradecalactone
595928 benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal
SMELL-S and SMELL-R: olfactory tests not influenced by odor-specific insensitivity or prior olfactory experience
“SMELL-R MIXTURES”
CID Odor name Dilution
SMELL-R (v1)
first mix 14514 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran 1/1000
first mix 12741 2-decanone 1/10
first mix 7720 2-ethyl-1-hexanol 1/1,000
first mix 13187 2-nonanone 1/100
first mix 6054 2-phenylethanol 1/100
first mix 89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7- 1/10
hexamethyltetralin
first mix 7410 acetophenone 1/1,000
first mix 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000
first mix 261 butyraldehyde 1/1,000
first mix 10364 carvacrol 1/1000
first mix 7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000
first mix 2969 decanoic acid 1/10
first mix 660 dihydrocoumarin 1/100
first mix 62378 dihydrojasmone 1/10
first mix 6826 dimethyl anthranilate 1/100
first mix 7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000
first mix 24020 ethyl 2-methylbutyrate 1/1000
first mix 12327 ethyl undecanoate 1/10
first mix 61293 ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoate pure
first mix 3314 eugenol 1/1,000
first mix 7921 gamma-valerolactone 1/100
first mix 8094 heptanoic acid 1/10
first mix 8129 heptanol 1/1000
first mix 7795 isoamyl butyrate 1/10
first mix 1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000
first mix 8914 nonanol pure
first mix 31225 phenethyl propionate 1/100
first mix 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000
first mix 8030 thiophene 1/1000
first mix 9024 α,α-dimethylphenethyl acetate 1/10
second mix 519539 2-(1-methylpropyl)thiazole 1/10,000
second mix 8375 2-hydroxyacetophenone 1/1,000
second mix 6943 2-isopropylphenol 1/1,000
second mix 7144 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol 1/100,000
second mix 101010 2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane 1/100,000
second mix 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000
second mix 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10
second mix 1136 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol 1/1,000
second mix 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000
second mix 12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000
second mix 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000
second mix 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000
second mix 60999 benzyl phenylacetate 1/100
second mix 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000
second mix 8007 butylamine 1/10,000
second mix 13216 decahydro-2-naphthol 1/1,000
second mix 8174 decanol 1/10
second mix 61204 delta-undecalactone pure
second mix 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000
second mix 22873 hexyl hexanoate 1/10
second mix 61151 methyl 2-methoxybenzoate 1/100
second mix 7826 methyl heptanoate 1/1,000
second mix 7559 methyl phenylacetate 1/1,000
second mix 11124 methyl propionate 1/1,000
second mix 454 octanal 1/1,000
second mix 957 octanol 1/10
second mix 251531 phenethyl 2-furoate 1/100
second mix 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000
second mix 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000
second mix 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000
SMELL-R (v2)
first mix 7793 (−)-citronellol 1/10
first mix 104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)-dimethylpyrazine 1/1,000
first mix 61809 2-ethoxythiazole 1/10,000
first mix 17898 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine 1/100,000
first mix 61005 2-phenoxyethyl isobutyrate pure
first mix 9589 3-acetylpyridine 1/1,000
first mix 246728 3-octanone 1/1,000
first mix 1136 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol 1/1,000
first mix 61192 4-methyl-5-thiazol eethanol acetate 1/1,000
first mix 9862 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 1/1,000
first mix 61027 butyl 10-undecenoate pure
first mix 11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000
first mix 660 dihydrocoumarin 1/100
first mix 7820 dimethyl succinate 1/10
first mix 8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000
first mix 7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000
first mix 31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100
first mix 7799 ethyl octanoate pure
first mix 7749 ethyl propionate 1/1,000
first mix 12327 ethyl undecanoate 1/10
first mix 16255 Isoamyl octanoate 1/10
first mix 11902 methyl 2-furoate 1/1,000
first mix 454 octanal 1/1,000
first mix 7654 phenethyl acetate 1/10
first mix 8082 piperidine 1/10,000
first mix 8118 propyl sulfide 1/100,000
first mix 8797 p-tolyl acetate 1/1,000
first mix 14257 undecane pure
first mix 62900 whiskey lactone 1/1,000
first mix 7632 α,α-dimethylbenzenepropanol 1/10
second mix 14491 1,6-hexanedithiol 1/100,000
second mix 14514 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran 1/1000
second mix 62144 2-furanmethanethiol formate 1/1,000,000
second mix 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 1/1,000
second mix 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran 1/10,000
second mix 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000
second mix 62374 4-oxoisophorone 1/100
second mix 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000
second mix 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100
second mix 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000
second mix 7761 diethyl malonate 1/100
second mix 8049 diethyl sebacate pure
second mix 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000
second mix 24020 ethyl 2-methylbutyrate 1/1000
second mix 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10
second mix 7797 ethyl heptanoate 1/100
second mix 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000
second mix 637566 geraniol 1/10
second mix 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10
second mix 61151 methyl 2-methoxybenzoate 1/100
second mix 8635 methyl anthranilate 1/100
second mix 7826 methyl heptanoate 1/1,000
second mix 235414 omega-pentadecalactone 1/10
second mix 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000
second mix 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000
second mix 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000
second mix 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000
second mix 7803 propyl propionate 1/1,000
second mix 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000
second mix 7409 α-methylbenzyl alcohol 1/100
SMELL-S and SMELL-R: olfactory tests not influenced by odor-specific insensitivity or prior olfactory experience
“SMELL-S MIXTURES”
CID Molecule Dilution
SMELL-S (v1)
14514 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran 1/1000
12741 2-decanone 1/10
7720 2-ethyl-1-hexanol 1/1,000
13187 2-nonanone 1/100
6054 2-phenylethanol 1/100
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin 1/10
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000
261 butyraldehyde 1/1,000
10364 carvacrol 1/1000
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000
2969 decanoic acid 1/10
660 dihydrocoumarin 1/100
62378 dihydrojasmone 1/10
6826 dimethyl anthranilate 1/100
7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000
24020 ethyl 2-methylbutyrate 1/1000
12327 ethyl undecanoate 1/10
61293 ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoate pure
3314 eugenol 1/1,000
7921 gamma-valerolactone 1/100
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10
8129 heptanol 1/1000
7795 isoamyl butyrate 1/10
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000
8914 nonanol pure
31225 phenethyl propionate 1/100
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000
8030 thiophene 1/1000
9024 α,α-dimethylphenethyl acetate 1/10
SMELL-S (v2)
14491 1,6-hexanedithiol 1/100,000
14514 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran 1/1000
62144 2-furanmethanethiol formate 1/1,000,000
7792 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 1/1,000
61527 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran 1/10,000
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000
62374 4-oxoisophorone 1/100
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100
326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000
7761 diethyl malonate 1/100
8049 diethyl sebacate pure
9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000
24020 ethyl 2-methylbutyrate 1/1000
8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10
7797 ethyl heptanoate 1/100
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000
637566 geraniol 1/10
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10
61151 methyl 2-methoxybenzoate 1/100
8635 methyl anthranilate 1/100
7826 methyl heptanoate 1/1,000
235414 omega-pentadecalactone 1/10
31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000
12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000
7803 propyl propionate 1/1,000
16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000
7409 α-methylbenzyl alcohol 1/100
SMELL-S and SMELL-R: olfactory tests not influenced by odor-specific insensitivity or prior olfactory experience
“SMELL-S DILUTION RATIO”
SMELL-S (v1)
Dilution ratio
not used 1:1*
not used 1:2
not used 1:4
Level 1 1:8
Level 2 1:16
Level 3 1:32
Level 4 1:64
Level 5 1:128
Level 6 1:256
Level 7 1:512
Level 8 1:1024
Level 9 1:2048
Level 10 1:4096
Level 11 1:8192
Level 12 1:16384
Level 13 1:32768
Level 14 1:65536
Level 15 1:131072
Level 16 1:262144
SMELL-S (v2)
Dilution Ratio
not used 1:1*
not used 1:2
not used 1:4
Level 1 1:8
Level 2 1:16
Level 3 1:32
Level 4 1:64
Level 5 1:128
Level 6 1:256
Level 7 1:512
Level 8 1:1024
Level 9 1:2048
Level 10 1:4096
Level 11 1:8192
Level 12 1:16384
Level 13 1:32768
Level 14 1:65536
Level 15 1:131072
Level 16 1:262144
*Dilution ratio 1:1 corresponds to a mixture of 30 components of equal volume from the “SMELL-S mixtures”
Table SMELL-R Combinations. This Table lists the composition of stimuli for all 16 levels of SMELL-R (v1) and SMELL-R (v2). In the triangle
tests, the ODD odor is presented in a single vial, and the CONTROL odor is presented in two identical vials. The task is for the subject
to sniff the three vials and select the one vial containing the ODD odor. All mixtures have equal volumes of each component.
SMELL-R (v1) - level 1 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 1 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS#
7720 2-ethyl-1-hexanol 1/1,000 104-76-7 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
10364 carvacrol 1/1000 499-75-2 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
3314 eugenol 1/1,000 97-53-0 1321 decahydro-2-naphthol 1/1,000 825-51-4
6054 2-phenylethanol 1/100 60-12-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
14514 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran 1/1000 1193-79-9 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
261 butyraldehyde 1/1,000 123-72-8 7826 methyl heptanoate 1/1,000 106-73-0
12327 ethyl undecanoate 1/10 627-90-7 7559 methyl phenylacetate 1/1,000 101-41-7
62378 dihydrojasmone 1/10 1128-08-1 101010 2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathi 1/100,000 67715-80-4
7795 isoamyl butyrate 1/10 106-27-4 8943 2-isopropylphenol 1/1,000 88-69-7
24020 ethyl 2-methylbutyrate 1/1000 7452-79-1 22873 hexyl hexanoate 1/10 6378-65-0
61293 ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoate pure 2305-25-1 61151 methyl 2-methoxybenzoate 1/100 606-45-1
6826 dimethyl anthranilate 1/100 85-91-6 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
13187 2-nonanone 1/100 821-55-6 519539 2-(1-methylpropyl)thiazole 1/10,000 18277-27-5
2969 decanoic acid 1/10 334-48-5 61204 delta-undecalactone pure 710-04-3
7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000 101-84-8 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
8129 heptanol 1/1000 111-70-6 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 620-33-4
31225 phenethyl propionate 1/100 122-70-3 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
7921 gamma-valerolactone 1/100 108-29-2 31286 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-88-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyacetophenone 1/1,000 110-92-3
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-8 7144 2-methoxy-4-methyphenol 1/100,000 93-51-
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 6007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-furoate 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 10 0 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenylacetate 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylphenethyl acetate 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propionate 1/1,000 554-12-1
680 dihydrocoumarin 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
7720 2-ethyl-1-hexanol 1/1,000 104-76-7 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
10364 carvacrol 1/1000 499-75-2 7731 4-methlanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
3314 eugenol 1/1,000 97-53-0 13216 decahydro-2-naphthol 1/1,000 825-51-4
6054 2-phenylethanol 1/100 60-12-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
14514 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran 1/1000 1193-79-9 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
261 butyraldehyde 1/1,000 123-72-8 7826 methyl heptanoate 1/1,000 106-73-0
12327 ethyl undecanoate 1/10 627-90-7 7559 methyl phenylacetate 1/1,000 101-41-7
62378 dihydrojasmone 1/10 1128-08-1 101010 2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathi 1/100,000 67715-80-4
7795 isoamyl butyrate 1/10 106-27-4 6943 2-isopropylphenol 1/1,000 88-69-7
24020 ethyl 2-methylbutyrate 1/1000 7452-79-1 22873 hexyl hexanoate 1/10 6378-65-0
61293 ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoate pure 2305-25-1 61151 methyl 2-methoxybenzoate 1/100 606-45-1
6826 dimethyl anthranilate 1/100 85-91-6 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
13187 2-nonanone 1/100 821-56-6 519539 2-(1-methylpropyl)thiazole 1/10,000 18277-27-5
2969 decanoic acid 1/10 334-48-5 61204 delta-undecalactone pure 710-04-3
7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000 101-84-8 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
8129 heptanol 1/1000 111-70-6 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
31225 phenethyl propionate 1/100 122-70-3 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
7921 gamma-valerolcatone 1/100 108-29-2 31266 allyl hexanote 1/1,000 123-68-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyacetophenone 1/1,000 118-93-4
8914 nonanol pure 143-0 -8 7144 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 93-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1088 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 113 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-7 -7 251531 phenethyl 2-furoate 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
69440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenylacetate 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethlyphenethyl acetate 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propionate 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumarin 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 2 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 2 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
3314 eugenol 1/1,000 97-53-0 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
6054 2-phenytethano 1/100 60-12-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
261 butyraldehyde 1/1,000 123-72-8 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
12327 ethyl undecano 1/10 627-90-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
62378 dihydrojasmon 1/10 1128-08-1 101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4
7795 isoamyl butyrat 1/10 106-27-4 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61293 ethyl-3-hydroxyl pure 2305-25-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
6826 dimethyl anthra 1/100 85-91-6 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
13187 2-nonanone 1/100 821-55-6 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
2969 decanoic acid 1/10 334-48-5 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000 101-84-8 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
8129 heptanol 1/1000 111-70-6 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
31225 phenethyl propi 1/100 122-70-3 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
7921 gamma-valerol 1/100 108-29-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-8 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumar 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 3 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 3 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
261 butyraldehyde 1/1,000 123-72-8 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
12327 ethyl undecano 1/10 627-90-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
62378 dihydrojasmon 1/10 1128-08-1 101010 2-methyl-4-prop 1/100,000 67715-80-4
7795 isoamyl butyrat 1/10 106-27-4 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61293 ethyl-3-hydroxyl pure 2305-25-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
6826 dimethyl anthra 1/100 85-91-6 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
13187 2-nonanone 1/100 821-55-6 519539 2-(1-methylprop 1/10,000 18277-27-5
2969 decanoic acid 1/10 334-48-5 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000 101-84-8 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
8129 heptanol 1/1000 111-70-6 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
31225 phenethyl propi 1/100 122-70-3 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
7921 gamma-valerol 1/100 108-29-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-8 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumar 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 4 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 4 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptane 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
12327 ethyl undecano 1/10 627-90-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
62378 dihydrojasmon 1/10 1128-08-1 101010 2-methyl-4-prop 1/100,000 67715-80-4
7795 isoamyl butyrat 1/10 106-27-4 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61293 ethyl-8 hydroxyl pure 2305-25-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
6826 dimethyl anthra 1/100 85-91-6 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
13187 2-nonanone 1/100 821-55-6 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
2969 decanoic acid 1/10 334-48-5 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000 101-84-8 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
8129 heptanol 1/1000 111-70-6 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
31225 phenethyl propi 1/100 122-70-3 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
7321 gamma-valerol 1/100 108-29-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-8 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 5 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 5 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7369 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-prop 1/100,000 67715-80-4
7795 isoamyl butyrat 1/10 106-27-4 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61293 ethyl-3-hydroxy pure 2305-25-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
6826 dimethyl anthra 1/100 85-91-6 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
13187 2-nonanone 1/100 821-55-6 519539 2-1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
2969 decanoic acid 1/10 334-48-5 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000 101-84-8 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
8129 heptanol 1/1000 111-70-6 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
31225 phenethyl prop 1/100 122-70-3 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
7921 gamma-valerol 1/100 108-29-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-8 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 6 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 6 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-prop 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-prop 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61293 ethyl-3-hydroxyl pure 2305-25-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
6826 dimethyl anthra 1/100 85-91-6 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
13187 2-nonanone 1/100 821-55-6 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
2969 decanoic acid 1/10 334-48-5 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000 101-84-8 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
8129 heptanol 1/1000 111-70-6 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
31225 phenethyl propi 1/100 122-70-3 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
7921 gamma-valerol 1/100 108-29-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methytfurural 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-6 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acety-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 7 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 7 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
13187 2-nonanone 1/100 821-55-6 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
2969 decanoic acid 1/10 334-48-5 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000 101-84-8 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
8129 heptanol 1/1000 111-70-6 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
31225 phenethyl prop 1/100 122-70-3 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
7921 gamma-valerol 1/100 108-29-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-8 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-deoanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 8 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 8 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-65-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1.000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 87715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
7583 diphenyl ether 1/1,000 101-84-8 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
8129 heptanol 1/1000 111-70-6 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
31225 phenethyl propl 1/100 122-70-3 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
7921 gamma-valerol 1/100 108-29-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-8 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 9 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 9 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
61204 delta- undecala pure 710-04-3 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
31225 phenethyl prop 1/100 122-70-3 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
7921 gamma-valerol 1/100 108-29-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethytamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-8 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumar 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 10 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 10 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CD Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-988
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-187 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 60845-1
7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
8094 heptanoic acid 1/10 111-14-8 12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000 620-02-0
1001 phenethylamin 1/1,000 64-04-0 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-984
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-8 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 11 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 11 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS# CD Odor name Dilution CAS#
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 408-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-prop 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0 12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0
521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8030 thiophene 1/1000 110-02-1 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
8914 nonanol pure 143-08-8 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyt-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 12 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 12 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 3093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7 7963 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0 12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0
521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
12741 2-decanone 1/10 693-54-9 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1068 methyl sulfide 1/1,000 75-18-3 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 13 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 13 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0 12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0
521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
7410 acetophenone 1/1,000 98-86-2 8007 butytamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1000 2051-78-7 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60939 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-169
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 14 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 14 - CONTROL odor
CIC Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropyiphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
8174 decano 1/10 112-30-1 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0 12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0
521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
8062 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
7335 carvyl acetate 1/1000 97-42-7 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
89440 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4 1/10 21145-77-7 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumar 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 15 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 15 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,009 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isoprapylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000 620-02-0 12097 5-methylfurfural 1/1,000 620-02-0
521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3
8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 17149-32-8 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
9024 α,α-dimethylph 1/10 151-05-3 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v1) - level 16 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v1) - level 16 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5 7969 benzenethiol 1/100,000 108-98-5
7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8 7731 4-methylanisole 1/1,000 104-93-8
13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4 13216 decahydro-2-na 1/1,000 825-51-4
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7 8093 2-octanone 1/1,000 111-13-7
7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7 7559 methyl phenyla 1/1,000 101-41-7
101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4 101010 2-methyl-4-pro 1/100,000 67715-80-4
6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7 6943 2-isopropylphe 1/1,000 88-69-7
22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0 22873 hexyl hexanoat 1/10 6378-65-0
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7 7983 butyl butyrate 1/1,000 109-21-7
519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5 519539 2-(1-methylpro 1/10,000 18277-27-5
61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3 61204 delta-undecala pure 710-04-3
957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5 957 octanol 1/10 111-87-5
61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4 61177 hexyl formate 1/1,000 629-33-4
8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1 8174 decanol 1/10 112-30-1
31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2 31266 allyl hexanoate 1/1,000 123-68-2
12097 5-methylfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0 12097 5-methytfurfura 1/1,000 620-02-0
521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-61-3 521238 3-octyl acetate 1/10 4864-81-3
8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4 8375 2-hydroxyaceto 1/1,000 118-93-4
7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6 7144 2-methoxy-4-m 1/100,000 93-51-6
8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3 8063 valeraldehyde 1/10,000 110-62-3
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8
8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9 8007 butylamine 1/10,000 109-73-9
251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8 251531 phenethyl 2-fur 1/100 7149-32-8
1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3 1060 pyruvic acid 1/10,000 127-17-3
60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9 60999 benzyl phenyla 1/100 102-16-9
11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1 11124 methyl propion 1/1,000 554-12-1
660 dihydrocoumari 1/100 119-84-6 454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 1 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 1 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Oder name Dilution CAS #
81005 2-phenoxyethyl isobutyrate pure 103-60-6 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
860 dihydrocoumarin 1/100 119-64-6 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
14257 undecane pure 1120-21-4 7797 ethyl heptanoate 1/100 106-30-9
62900 whiskey lactone 1/1,000 39212-23-2 8049 diethyl sebacate pure 110-49-7
7820 dimethyl succinate 1/10 106-65-0 14491 1,6-hexanedithiol 1/100,000 1191-43-1
81809 2-ethoxythiazole 1/10,000 15679-19-3 62144 2-furanmethanethiol formate 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
61027 butyl 10-undecenoate pure 109-42-2 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
7749 ethyl propionate 1/1,000 105-37-3 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
8797 p-tolyl acetate 1/1,000 140-39-6 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
7654 phenethyl acetate 1/10 103-45-7 8635 methyl anthranilate 1/100 134-20-3
12327 ethyl undecanoate 1/10 627-90-7 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
7793 (−)-citronellol 1/10 7540-51-4 62374 4-oxoisophorone 1/100 1125-21-9
61192 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol acetate 1/1,000 656-53-1 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
246728 3-octanone 1/1,000 106-68-3 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16255 Isoamyl octanoate 1/10 2035-99-6 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
113 4-methyl-5-thiazoteethanol 1/1,000 137-00-8 61151 methyl 2-methoxyhenzoate 1/100 606-45-1
8118 propyl sulfide 1/100,000 111-47-7 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
9589 3-acetylpyridine 1/1,000 350-03-8 637568 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7632 α,α-dimethylbenzenepropanal 1/10 103-05-9 7803 propyl propionate 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzyl alcohol 1/100 98-85-1
312 5 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylbutyrate 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine 1/100,00 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentadecalactone 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)-dimethylpyrazine 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonate 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoate 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptanoate 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 2 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 2 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
14257 undecane pure 1120-21-4 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
62900 whiskey lactone 1/1,000 39212-23-2 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
7620 dimethyl succin 1/10 106-65-0 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
61809 2-ethoxythiazol 1/10,000 15679-19-3 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
61027 butyl 10-undec pure 109-42-2 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
7749 ethyl propionate 1/1,000 105-37-3 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
8797 p-tolyl acetate 1/1,000 140-39-6 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
7654 phenethyl aceta 1/10 103-45-7 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
12327 ethyl undecano 1/10 627-90-7 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
7793 (−)-citronellol 1/10 7540-51-4 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
61192 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 656-53-1 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
246728 3-octanone 1/1,000 106-68-3 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16255 Isoamyl octano 1/10 2035-99-6 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
8118 propyl sulfide 1/100,000 111-47-7 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
9589 3-acetylpyridine 1/1,000 350-03-8 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7632 α,α-dimethylbe 1/10 103-05-9 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 3 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 3 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
7820 dimethyl succi 1/10 106-65-0 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
61809 2-ethoxythiazol 1/10,000 15679-19-3 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
61027 butyl 10-undec pure 109-42-2 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
7749 ethyl propionate 1/1,000 105-37-3 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
8797 p-tolyl acetate 1/1,000 140-39-6 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
7654 phenethyl aceta 1/10 103-45-7 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
12327 ethyl undecano 1/10 627-90-7 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
7793 (−)-citronellol 1/10 7540-51-4 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
61192 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 656-534 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
246728 3-octanone 1/1,000 106-68-3 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16255 Isoamyl octano 1/10 2035-99-6 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
8118 propyl sulfide 1/100,000 111-47-7 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
9589 3-acetylpyrioline 1/1,000 350-03-8 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7632 α,α-dimethylbe 1/10 103-05-9 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 4 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 4 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacate pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-96-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
454 octanal 1/1,000 124-13-0 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
61027 butyl 10-undec pure 109-42-2 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
7749 ethyl propionate 1/1,000 105-37-3 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
8797 p-tolyl acetate 1/1,000 140-39-6 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
7654 phenethyl aceta 1/10 103-45-7 8635 methyl anthranil 1/100 134-20-3
12327 ethyl undecano 1/10 627-90-7 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-040
7793 (−)-citronellol 1/10 7540-51-4 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
61192 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 656-53-1 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
246728 3-octanone 1/1,000 106-68-3 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16255 Isoamyl octano 1/10 2035-99-6 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
8118 propyl sulfide 1/100,000 111-47-7 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
9589 3-acetylpyridine 1/1,000 350-03-8 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7632 α,α-dimethylbe 1/10 103-05-9 7803 propyl oropiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzy 1/100 98-85-1
31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-met 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethy-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 5 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 5 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
7749 ethyl propionate 1/1,000 105-37-3 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
8797 p-tolyl acetate 1/1,000 140-39-6 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
7654 phenethyl aceta 1/10 103-45-7 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
12327 ethyl undecano 1/10 627-90-7 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
7793 (−)-citronellol 1/10 7540-51-4 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
61192 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 656-53-1 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
246728 3-octanone 1/1,000 106-68-3 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16255 Isoamyl octano 1/10 2035-99-6 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
8118 propyl sulfide 1/100,000 111-47-7 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
9589 3-acetylpyridine 1/1,000 350-03-8 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7632 α,α-dimethylbe 1/10 103-05-9 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-met 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 6 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 6 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethane 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3 6048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
8815 4-altylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
7654 phenethyl aceta 1/10 103-45-7 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
12327 ethyl undecano 1/10 627-90-7 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
7793 (−)-citronellol 1/10 7540-51-4 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
61192 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 656-53-1 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
246728 3-octanone 1/1,000 106-68-3 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16255 Isoamyl octano 1/10 2035-99-6 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
8118 propyl sulfide 1/100,000 111-47-7 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
9589 3-acetylpyridine 1/1,000 350-03-8 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7632 α,α-dimethylbe 1/10 103-05-9 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-met 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethvf butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 7 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 7 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CD Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 10-38-3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
7793 (−)-citronellol 1/10 7540-51-4 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
61192 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 656-53-1 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
246728 3-octanone 1/1,000 106-68-3 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16255 Isoamyl octano 1/10 2035-99-6 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 12051-78-7
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
8118 propyl sulfide 1/100,000 111-47-7 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
9589 3-acetylpyridine 1/1,000 350-03-8 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7632 α,α-dimethylbe 1/10 103-05-9 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 8 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 8 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoat 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38- 3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
246728 3-octanone 1/1,000 106-68-3 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16255 Isoamyl octano 1/10 2035-99-6 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
8118 propyl sulfide 1/100,000 111-47-7 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
9589 3-acetytoyridine 1/1,000 350-03-8 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7632 α,α-dimethylbe 1/10 103-05-9 7803 propyl propional 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzy 1/100 98-85-1
31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl maionat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1.000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 9 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 9 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8043 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-57-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
1136 4-methyl-5-thia 1/1,000 137-00-8 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
8118 propyl sulfide 1/100,000 111-47-7 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
9589 3-acetylpyridine 1/1,000 350-03-8 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7632 α,α-dimethylbe 1/10 103-05-9 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethvi butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 10 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 10 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 laury acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
8635 methyl anthani 1/100 134-20-3 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
9589 3-acetylpyridine 1/1,000 350-03-8 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7632 α,α-dimethylbe 1/10 103-05-9 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimmethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 11 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 11 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
1001 phenethylamin 1/1,000 64-04-0 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7803 propyl proplona 1/1,000 106-36-5 7803 propyl proplona 1/1,000 106-36-5
8082 piperidine 1/10,000 110-89-4 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
31265 ethyl hexanoate 1/100 123-66-0 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 12 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 12 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoat 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
8635 methyl antbrani 1/100 134-20-3 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
17898 2-methoxy-3-m 1/100,000 2847-30-5 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
7762 ethyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-54-4 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 13 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 13 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoat 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9 62374 4-oxoisophoro 1/100 1125-21-9
326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-637 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
8857 ethyl acetate 1/1,000 141-78-6 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
7799 ethyl octanoate pure 106-32-1 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 103-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 14 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 14 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
104721 2-acetyl-3,5(6)- 1/1,000 54300-08-2 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
11902 methyl 2-furoat 1/1,000 611-13-2 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 15 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 15 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS# CID Odor name Dilution CAS#
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9 14514 2-acetyl-5-meth 1/1000 1193-79-9
12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
11529 butyl propionate 1/1,000 590-01-2 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
SMELL-R (v2) - Level 16 - ODD odor SMELL-R (v2) - Level 16 - CONTROL odor
CID Odor name Dilution CAS # CID Odor name Dilution CAS #
8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3 8205 lauryl acetate 1/10 112-66-3
7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8 7770 propyl butyrate 1/1,000 105-66-8
7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9 7797 ethyl heptanoat 1/100 106-30-9
8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7 8049 diethyl sebacat pure 110-40-7
14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1 14491 1,6-hexanedithi 1/100,000 1191-43-1
62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5 62144 2-furanmethan 1/1,000,000 59020-90-5
8048 ethyl decanoat 1/10 110-38-3 8048 ethyl decanoate 1/10 110-38-3
8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-57-0 8815 4-allylanisole 1/1,000 140-67-0
8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8 8878 allyl heptanoate 1/100 142-19-8
7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0 7361 furfuryl alcohol 1/1,000 98-00-0
8635 methyl anthran 1/100 134-20-3 8635 methyl anthrani 1/100 134-20-3
1001 phenethylamin 1/1,000 64-04-0 1001 phenethylamine 1/1,000 64-04-0
62374 4-oxoisophoro 1/100 1125-21-9 62374 4-oxoisophoron 1/100 1125-21-9
326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2 326 cuminaldehyde 1/1,000 122-03-2
61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9 61527 3-acetyl-2,5-di 1/10,000 10599-70-9
16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7 16324 allyl butyrate 1/1,000 2051-78-7
61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1 61151 methyl 2-metho 1/100 606-45-1
9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2 9609 diethyl sulfide 1/100,000 352-93-2
637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1 637566 geraniol 1/10 106-24-1
7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5 7803 propyl propiona 1/1,000 106-36-5
7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1 7409 α-methylbenzyl 1/100 98-85-1
24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1 24020 ethyl 2-methylb 1/1000 7452-79-1
14514 2-acetyl-5-met 1/1000 1193-79-9 14514 2-acetyl-5-met 1/1000 1193-79-9
12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7 12348 pentyl acetate 1/1,000 628-63-7
7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8 7792 3,7-dimethyl-1- 1/1,000 106-21-8
235414 omega-pentad 1/10 106-02-5 235414 omega-pentade 1/10 106-02-5
7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3 7761 diethyl malonat 1/100 105-53-3
31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5 31244 p-anisaldehyde 1/1,000 123-11-5
16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6 16537 terpinyl formate 1/1,000 2153-26-6
9862 6-methyl-5-hep 1/1,000 110-93-0 7826 methyl heptano 1/1,000 106-73-0
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
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Although the present disclosure has been described with respect to one or more particular embodiments and/or examples, it will be understood that other embodiments and/or examples of the present disclosure may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
