Intact Pea Protein-Based Nutrient Composition
The present invention discloses a nutritional composition and method of using and making the nutritional composition. The nutritional composition is an intact pea protein based nutrient composition for use in both enteral and oral feeding, and provides a nonallergenic diet for providing optimal nutrition to users. The nutritional composition is made from organic and plant-based ingredients. The nutritional composition has pea protein, phytochemical extracts, fatty acids, organic ingredients free of the top eight allergens and corn, and prebiotic fiber. The nutritional composition is provided in liquid form for enteral and/or oral feeding.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/006,793 filed Jun. 12, 2018 entitled Intact Pea Protein-Based Nutrient Composition, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety for all purposes.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention generally relates to nutrition and the healthcare field. More specifically, the present invention relates to a natural and non-allergenic pea protein based nutrient composition for use in both enteral and oral feeding.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONLiquid nutrition supplements are well-known and have been readily available in stores and for medical purposes for many years. These compositions come in various flavors and can be can be consumed in addition to a regular diet, as a replacement for meals in a day, or in lieu of food altogether. Initially, they were developed mostly for use with medical supervision by the elderly, patients recovering from illness, and others who need help putting on or retaining weight, but more have recently been marketed for use by healthy adults.
In the medical field, these compositions are used to treat patients with a variety of ailments that have difficulty digesting foods and have decreased nutrient intake caused by, for example: gastroesophageal reflux, or rumination; malabsorption due to disorders such as short bowel syndrome, jejunostomy, EOE (eosinophilic esophagitis), celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, Crohn's Disease or disaccharidase deficiency; endocrine dysfunction resulting from conditions such as diabetes mellitus and proteinuria; increased energy requirements of diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, or hyperthyroidism; and increased energy needs due to trauma, post-operative recovery, nutritional treatment before, during and after cancer treatment, and during times of metabolic stress as seen with neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The above may be characterized generally as Failure to Thrive (“FTT”). Approximately 3-5% of all children admitted to tertiary care centers, and 1% of all children admitted to any hospital, are diagnosed with above ailments or the like.
Pediatric and infant manufactured nutritional liquids and powders comprising a targeted selection of nutritional ingredients are well known and widely available, some of which may provide a sole source of nutrition, while others may provide a supplemental source. Some of these nutritional liquids utilize pea protein as its main source of protein.
For example, WO 2013148685 to Neal et al describes a nutritional composition including an intact pea protein concentrate as a sole protein source in the nutritional composition because intact pea protein imparts a number of important benefits to the nutritional compositions including excellent texture, sweetness and a smooth and creamy mouthfeel, as well as beneficial effects on glycemic control and response and glucose modulation.
Another example is EP 1 972 346 (WO2007/063142) which discloses a pea-based protein mixture comprising 50 weight % caseinate, 25 weight % whey proteins and 25 weight % pea proteins.
However, these examples disclose the use of intact proteins, do not contemplate the use of pea protein together with other organic plant-based ingredients for patients with impaired gastrointestinal absorption and digestion, are generally whole-food based, nor are they free of common food allergens.
Indeed, food allergies in children are very common—almost 8% of the US children have some type of food allergy. Common allergens consist of milk (including whey, casein, and lactose), wheat, soybeans, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, and corn. As nutrients are necessary for proper growth and development, removing them from a regular diet leads to malnutrition issues. In particular, removal of milks and/or milk proteins, eggs, and soybeans from diet of children under the growth ages presents a serious problem from the aspect of the dietetics. Currently, products in the markets utilize corn sweeteners, corn starches, synthetic corn derivatives and corn oils, many of which are produced from genetically modified sources. In addition, these products utilize the protein of milk, whey or casein making their products unavailable to those patients with galactosemia, who are lactose intolerant or have a milk allergy.
Furthermore, conventional liquid nutrition formulas do not contain these optimal levels of fatty acids, are often found to have an unfavorable medium chain triglycerides (MCT) to long chain triglycerides (LCT) ratio, and no source of omega 3 fatty acids. Moreover, some of the products are made of synthetic and artificial ingredients. These compositions provide unpleasant taste and odors, preventing them from being taken by patients for a prolonged period, even though they may theoretically be free from allergens.
In light of above-mentioned problems, there is a need for a product that addresses the issues faced by people and patients who rely upon a plant-based, vegan formula free of common allergens and synthetic ingredients which are currently not found in the market. Further, there is a need for a plant-based composition comprising phytonutrients, beneficial fats, and fibers, and are suitable for both oral and enteral administration.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention discloses a nutritional composition and method of using and making the nutritional composition. The nutritional composition is a composition free of allergens for providing optimal nutrition to users. The nutritional composition is a plant-based, vegan formula free of common allergens and synthetic ingredients. The composition is based on a pea protein composition for use in both enteral and oral feeding.
According to the present invention, the nutritional composition constitutes organic and plant-based ingredients. In an embodiment, the nutritional composition comprises at least one of a protein source, one or more phytochemical extracts, one or more fatty acids, one or more organic ingredients free of common allergens (e.g., the top 8 allergens) and corn, and one or more prebiotic fibers. In one embodiment, the protein source is pea protein. In one embodiment, the phytochemical extract is a blend of fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices. In another embodiment, the phytochemical extracts comprise one or more combinations of a blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices, organic rosemary extract, and potassium citrate. In some embodiments, the blend of phytochemical extracts is sourced from a group of fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices, comprising one or more concentrates of broccoli sprouts, camu camu, tomato, acai, turmeric, garlic, basil, oregano, cinnamon, elderberry, chokeberry, raspberry, spinach, kale, brussels sprouts, extracts of green arabica coffee bean, green tea, onion, apple, acerola, Japanese pagoda tree (quercetin), blackcurrant, blueberry, bilberry or any combination thereof.
In one embodiment, the fatty acids include organic medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and a balanced blend of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. In another embodiment, the fatty acids include organic sunflower lecithin, organic flax seed oil and organic high linoleic sunflower oil. In one embodiment, the organic ingredient is a non-allergenic ingredient. In another embodiment, the organic ingredient comprises vanilla plant extract.
In one embodiment, the prebiotic fibers include organic inulin (from agave). In another embodiment, the nutritional composition further optionally comprises one or more vitamin and mineral blends, and purified water.
In exemplary embodiments, the vitamin and mineral blend is selected from a group of dicalcium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium carbonate, choline bitartrate, sodium ascorbate, trisodium citrate, potassium citrate, L-cysteine, Taurine, L-carnitine, inositol, L-tryptophan, DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, niacinamide, zinc oxide, ferric orthophosphate, calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, vitamin A palmitate, beta carotene, folic acid, biotin, chromium picolinate, phytonadione, sodium molybdate, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, vitamin D2 and vitamin B12.
In some embodiments, the nutritional composition further optionally comprises organic brown rice syrup solids, organic agave syrup, organic quinoa flour, organic vanilla flavor and organic milled chia.
In one embodiment, a method for producing the composition is disclosed. At one step, a protein slurry is formed by adding and mixing pea protein to water for ten minutes. At another step, a protein-fat slurry is formed by mixing fat to the protein slurry for five minutes. At another step, all dry ingredients are added to the protein-fat slurry and mixed for approximately five minutes. At another step, agave syrup is added to the mixture and mixed for approximately ten minutes. At another step, the composition is aseptically produced through a microthermics processor. These steps may be performed at ambient temperature and pressure.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating specific embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
The embodiments herein will be better understood from the following detailed description with reference to the drawings, in which:
The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Embodiments of the invention are discussed below with reference to the examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these examples is for explanatory purposes as the invention extends beyond these limited embodiments. For example, it should be appreciated that those skilled in the art will, in light of the teachings of the present invention, recognize a multiplicity of alternate and suitable approaches, depending upon the needs of the particular application, to implement the functionality of any given detail described herein, beyond the particular implementation choices in the following embodiments described and shown. That is, there are numerous modifications and variations of the invention that are too numerous to be listed but that all fit within the scope of the invention. Also, singular words should be read as plural and vice versa and masculine as feminine and vice versa, where appropriate, and alternative embodiments do not necessarily imply that the two are mutually exclusive
It is to be further understood that the present invention is not limited to the particular methodology, compounds, materials, manufacturing techniques, uses, and applications, described herein, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to “an element” is a reference to one or more elements and includes equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art. Similarly, for another example, a reference to “a step” or “a means” is a reference to one or more steps or means and may include sub-steps and subservient means. All conjunctions used are to be understood in the most inclusive sense possible. Thus, the word “or” should be understood as having the definition of a logical “or” rather than that of a logical “exclusive or” unless the context clearly necessitates otherwise. Structures described herein are to be understood also to refer to functional equivalents of such structures. Language that may be construed to express approximation should be so understood unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Preferred methods, techniques, devices, and materials are described, although any methods, techniques, devices, or materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.
The present invention discloses a nutritional composition and method of using said nutritional composition. According to the present invention, the nutritional composition is a non-allergic nutritional composition, which constitutes organic and plant-based ingredients. In one embodiment, the nutritional composition comprises at least one of a protein source, one or more phytochemical extracts, one or more fatty acids, one or more non-allergic organic ingredients, and one or more prebiotic fibers. The organic ingredients are free of corn. The nutritional composition further comprises one or more vitamin and mineral blends, purified water and sea salt. In another embodiment, the nutritional composition further optionally comprises organic brown rice syrup solids, organic agave syrup, organic quinoa flour, organic vanilla flavor and organic milled chia. The nutritional composition is provided in liquid form for enteral and/or oral feeding. The present invention also provides an organic plant-based protein, which is a formulation of a vegan product free from the top eight allergens and corn.
In one embodiment, the protein source is an organic intact pea protein. The concentration of organic pea protein ranges from 5.50 wt % to 6.20 wt %. In one embodiment, the organic pea protein constitutes 6.13 wt % of the total composition and is approximately 100(%) of the total amount of protein in composition. In one embodiment, the organic pea protein is an organic intact pea protein.
In one embodiment, the pea protein is very easily digestible by humans as it has a protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of 98% for the formulation and consequently delivers a full amino acid profile to the patient or user and services the needs of patients with impaired gastrointestinal absorption and digestion. In addition, branched-chain amino acids in the composition are essential nutrients, where normally the body obtains this type of amino acid from food, especially meat, dairy products, and legumes. In some embodiments, the branched-chain amino acids include leucine, isoleucine, and valine:
Branched-chain amino acids stimulate the building of protein in muscle and possibly reduces muscle breakdown. Branched-chain amino acids prevents faulty message transmission in the brain cells with advanced liver disease, mania, tardive dyskinesia, and other types of disease. Some pediatric nutritionists believe children would benefits from higher levels of BCAA's (branched-chain amino acid) than currently recommended. Pea protein is a rich source of BCAA's.
In one embodiment, the phytochemical extract is a blend of at least twenty-nine fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices. This natural supplement effects biological changes of oxidative and nitrosative stress markers (free radicals), nitric oxide levels, and cellular metabolic activity. In another embodiment, the phytochemical extracts include organic rosemary extract, blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate and potassium chloride. In some embodiments, the blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices comprises any one or more of, concentrates of broccoli sprouts, camu camu, tomato, acai, turmeric, garlic, basil, oregano, cinnamon, elderberry, chokeberry, raspberry, spinach, kale, brussels sprouts, extracts of green arabica coffee bean, green tea, onion, apple, acerola, Japanese pagoda tree (quercetin), blackcurrant, blueberry, bilberry or any combination thereof. The chemical structure of selected phytochemical, such as, glucosinolate, sulforaphane, curcumin, genistein, phenoxodiol (synthetic genistein analog), epigallocatechin gallate (ECGC), lycopene and resveratrol are shown in Table 1.
In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of organic rosemary extract is 0.05 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of organic rosemary extract is 0.01 wt %. In one embodiment, the organic rosemary extract constitutes 0.03 wt % of the total composition. The rosemary-based extract is a natural oxidation-inhibiting product. In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices is 0.03 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices is 0.01 wt %. In one embodiment, the blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices constitute 0.05 wt % of the total composition. The blend of phytochemical extracts is sourced from twenty-nine fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices.
In one embodiment, the potassium citrate constitutes 0.11 wt %, which is obtained from potassium source. In one embodiment, the magnesium citrate constitutes 0.01 wt %, which is obtained from magnesium source.
In one embodiment, the fatty acid contains a balanced blend of essential omega-6 such as sunflower and flax and omega-3 fatty acids such as ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) from flax, and easily digestible medium chain triglycerides (MCT) from coconut oil. In one embodiment, the omega-6 fatty acid is an essential fatty acid. Omega-3 has many anti-inflammatory properties, and MCT is easily digestible, which acts as an immediate energy source via portal vein. In one embodiment, the MCT and long chain triglycerides (LCT) ratio is optimized to 40:60, and the Omega 6 and Omega 3 ratio is formulated to 4:1. In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of organic medium chain triglycerides is 1.80 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of organic medium chain triglycerides is 1.00 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of organic medium chain triglycerides is 1.12 wt %. In some embodiments, the MCT is a form of saturated fatty acid from coconut with medium-chain fats between 6-12 carbons.
In one embodiment, the composition comprises organic sunflower lecithin, organic flax seed oil, and organic high linoleic sunflower oil. In some embodiments, the concentration of organic sunflower lecithin is 0.01 wt %, and in others it is between 0.05 and 0.1. Lecithin is a naturally occurring substance found in the membranes of living cells. Lecithin is extracted from sunflower seeds.
In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of organic flax seed oil is 0.80 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of organic flax seed oil is 0.48 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of organic flax seed oil is 0.77 wt %. The organic flax seed oil is a colorless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant.
In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of organic high linoleic sunflower oil is 1.75 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of organic high linoleic sunflower oil is 1.50 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of organic high linoleic sunflower oil is 1.55 wt %. The organic high linoleic sunflower oil is a variety of sunflower oil containing nearly 70% polyunsaturated linoleic acid.
In one embodiment, the organic ingredients are non-allergenic ingredients. In another embodiment, the organic ingredients include vanilla plant extract. The vanilla plant extract contains several medicinal properties, which could be useful for tackling several ailments. It is also a rich constituent of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates and several other phytochemicals. The vanilla plant extract also contains both analgesic, antispasmodic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
In one embodiment, the vitamin and mineral blends is selected from a group of vitamins and minerals comprised of: dicalcium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium carbonate, choline bitartrate, sodium ascorbate, trisodium citrate, potassium citrate, L-cysteine, taurine, L-carnitine, inositol, L-tryptophan, DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, niacinamide, zinc oxide, ferric orthophosphate, calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, vitamin A palmitate, beta carotene, folic acid, biotin, chromium picolinate, phytonadione, sodium molybdate, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, vitamin D2 and vitamin B12.
In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of vitamin and mineral blend is 0.95 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of vitamin and mineral blend is 0.80 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of vitamin and mineral blend is 0.92 wt %. The vitamin and mineral blend is a blend of vitamins, minerals and amino acids.
In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of purified water is 78.00 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of purified water is 73.00 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of purified water is 76.49 wt %, which is obtained from a water source.
In one embodiment, the prebiotic fibers include organic inulin (from agave). In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of organic inulin is 1.14 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of organic inulin is 0.95 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of organic inulin is 1.00 wt %. The organic agave inulin is a highly soluble dietary fiber (inulin-type fructan) that provides numerous health benefits. Inulin serves as a “fertilizer” to sustain beneficial bifidobacteria in the large intestine.
The prebiotic fiber is clinically proven to be easy to digest (due to low gas potential) and promote the growth of good bacteria in the gut such as bifidobacteria. Further, fecal actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were enriched 3- and 4-fold after ingestion of agave inulin, a long chain fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), and desulfovibrio were depleted 40% with agave inulin. Agave inulin tended to reduce fecal 4-methyphenol and pH. A positive association between intakes of agave inulin and Bifidobacterium is briefly described herein. Total dietary fiber from agave inulin was positively associated with fecal butyrate and tended to be positively associated with bifidobacterium and was negatively correlated with desulfovibrio abundance. A long-chain FOS could foster Bifidobacterium colony growth, which could also serve as food for less desirable strains of bacteria. A use of a short-chain FOS such as Chicory inulin encourages the growth of Klebsiella, a bacterium at work in ankylosing spondylitis, which causes problems with intestinal permeability and is therefore not optimal for digestion. It also feeds E. coli and many Clostridium species, which are inharmonious with gut-friendly bacteria.
In one embodiment, the nutritional composition further optionally comprises organic brown rice syrup solids and organic agave syrup. In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of organic brown rice syrup solid is 10.00 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of organic brown rice syrup solid is 4.00 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of organic brown rice syrup solid is 4.58 wt %.
In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of organic agave syrup is 7.00 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of organic agave syrup is 2.85 wt %. In yet another embodiment, the concentration of organic agave syrup is 6.00 wt %. The organic agave syrup is a natural alternative to refined sugars and artificial sweeteners, extracted from the agave plant. Agave syrup is fructose which is a slowly digested carbohydrate which does not spike blood sugar upon ingestion.
In one embodiment, the nutritional composition further optionally comprises organic quinoa flour in the concentration of 0.03 wt %. The organic quinoa flour is a ground powder from the seeds of salvia hispanica, commonly known as chia, a species of flowering plant in the mint family, lamiaceae, native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. In another embodiment, the nutritional composition further optionally comprises organic vanilla flavor in the concentration of 1.10 wt %, which is derived from orchid seed pods of the genus vanilla. In another embodiment, the nutritional composition further optionally comprises organic milled chia in the concentration of 0.01 wt %.
In one embodiment, the nutritional composition further optionally comprises dipotassium phosphate and organic Dutch cocoa powder. The dipotassium phosphate serves as a source of phosphorus and potassium. In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of dipotassium phosphate is 0.14 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of dipotassium phosphate is 0.13 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of dipotassium phosphate is 0.14 wt %.
In another embodiment, the organic Dutch cocoa powder are the solids which remain after cocoa butter is extracted from cacao beans. In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of organic Dutch cocoa powder is 1.50 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of organic Dutch cocoa powder is 1.00 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of organic Dutch cocoa powder is 1.25 wt %.
In one embodiment, the nutritional composition further optionally comprises organic gum acacia Senegal. Gum acacia Senegal is a complex polysaccharide indigestible to both humans and animals and considered a safe dietary fiber combined with gellan gum, a water-soluble anionic polysaccharide produced by the bacterium sphingomonas elodea. In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of organic gum acacia Senegal is 2.00 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of organic gum acacia Senegal is 0.13 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of organic gum acacia Senegal is 0.15 wt %.
In one embodiment, the nutritional composition further optionally comprises tricalcium phosphate. Tricalcium phosphate provides a source of calcium and phosphorus. In one embodiment, the maximum concentration of tricalcium phosphate is 0.05 wt %. In another embodiment, the minimum concentration of tricalcium phosphate is 0.02 wt %. In one embodiment, the concentration of tricalcium phosphate is 0.03 wt %.
The composition should contain a therapeutically effective amount of each ingredients, and also those described in Table 2. The ingredients of the therapeutic composition according to the present invention are summarized in Table 2 below with respect to a description thereof, the active ingredients therein, percentages by weight range for each active ingredient, and the benefits thereof.
In an embodiment, the therapeutic effects of the nutrition composition are numerous. The nutrition composition comprises agave syrup. It contains a higher level of fructose than high fructose corn syrup. An important difference is that fructose is up to twice as sweet as sucrose, and sweeter than high fructose corn syrup. Unlike table sugar or HFCS, fructose does not cause a rapid rise and subsequent large fall in blood glucose levels, which means it has a low glycemic load or glycemic index (GI). The glycemic index is a value assigned to foods based on how slowly or how quickly those foods cause increases in blood glucose levels. The blood glucose levels above normal are toxic and can cause blindness, kidney failure, or increase cardiovascular risk. Food components that are low on the glycemic index (GI) scale tend to release glucose slowly and steadily. Food components that are high on the glycemic index release glucose rapidly. Low GI foods tend to foster weight loss, while foods high on the GI scale help with energy recovery after exercise, or to offset hypo- (or insufficient) glycemia. For an average diet, there are no health problems associated with fructose except for some individuals, who may be fructose intolerant.
Fructose was given GRAS status in 1983 and was reconfirmed in 1996 after a study of the available clinical trials on the effects of fructose consumption. Fructose has a low glycemic index, which can be used to help control blood glucose levels in concern with a total diet plan. Agave syrup is not processed in the same manner as corn syrup. Agave naturally contains inulin, a long chain fructose molecule. Fructose, sometimes known as fruit sugar, exists naturally in fruits and honey as a single unit of fructose. It exists naturally in inulin as a long chain of fructose molecules linked together, similar to the glucose chains in starch. The bonds in inulin can be broken to make free fructose. When a person eats a food containing inulin, the body's enzymes do not break down the inulin. Instead, the inulin is consumed by bacteria in the intestine. The bacteria that consume the inulin tend to be the beneficial bacteria, the same types found in yogurts and various probiotic foods. As the inulin feeds these beneficial organisms, allowing them to outcompete the detrimental intestinal organisms, inulin is labeled a prebiotic and has many health benefits. While fructose could be made by hydrolyzing or breaking the bonds of inulin, it could also be made by using an isomerase enzyme to change glucose into fructose.
In one embodiment, the composition comprising the organic brown rice syrup solid (BRSS) which is a natural alternative to refined sugars and artificial sweeteners from the agave plant. Unlike refined table sugar, which causes the body to work harder to absorb the sucrose, brown rice syrup is able to provide body with fiber, as well as 3% of a user's recommended daily intake of sodium and potassium. As the rice syrup solids are boiled and the liquid are removed, the result is a complex of simple sugars. This facilitates slower absorption of the sugars in rice syrup by the digestive system. This is a huge advantage because in the case of regular table sugar, there is rapid swell in blood sugar level with buildup of excess fat with time. The slower absorption of the sugars also allows the user or patient to maintain their energy and prevents the negative effects of sugar including fatigue, irritability and the desire for more sugar.
All these properties indicate that BRSS also have a low glycemic index. The use of the natural sweetening ability of BRSS is unique in the space of medical grade sole source nutrition. BRSS is a far superior option than maltodextrin, commonly used as a carbohydrate in comparable products. Maltodextrin is used as a thickener, filler or preservative in many processed foods. It is an artificially produced white powder that can be enzymatically derived from any starch but is commonly made from corn, rice, potato starch or wheat. Maltodextrin is also used in carbohydrate supplements that are marketed to athletes and bodybuilders as a way to boost their energy levels. However, consuming maltodextrin leads to spiked blood sugar, suppresses the growth of probiotics, toxically affect several bodily organs and systems, and causes allergic reactions or side effects because it is derived from corn.
In one embodiment, the organic flax seed oil is derived from the extremely nutritious and disease-preventing flax seed. The flax seed oil has a high concentration of healthy omega-3 s as fatty acids associated with healthier brains and hearts, better moods, decreased inflammation, and healthier skin and hair. Flax seed oil contains 50% to 60% of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Flax seed is the richest plant source of the omega(ω)-3 fatty acid, i.e. α-linolenic acid (ALA). Flax seed oil is low in saturated fatty acids (9%), moderate in monosaturated fatty acids (18%), and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (73%). Of all lipids in flaxseed oil, α-linolenic acid is the major fatty acid ranging from 39% to 60.42% followed by oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acids, which provides an excellent omega (ω)-6: omega (ω)-3 fatty acid ratio of approximately 0.3:1. Flax seed oil is naturally high in anti-oxidants like tocopherols and beta-carotene. Flax seed oil provides basic nutrition as well as various health benefits in reducing cancer and cardiovascular diseases, lowering LDL-cholesterol and vasodilatory functions. Therefore, flax seed oil could be considered as a functional food. Flax seed oil is emerging as an important functional food ingredient, because of its rich contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3 fatty acid), lignans, and fiber. Flax seed oil, fibers and flax lignans have potential health benefits such as, in reduction of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, autoimmune and neurological disorders.
The organic high linoleic sunflower oil comprises essential omega-6, impressive fatty acid content, which includes palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. The combination of fatty acids in the body are extremely important to maintain various elements of human health, and sunflower oil could help to maintain the balance. The balance of fatty acids found in sunflower oil, including a substantial amount of linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) is optimal for patients. Finding a healthy balance between HDL or good cholesterol (omega-3s) and LDL or bad cholesterol is very important to the health of patients. Furthermore, sunflower oil does not contain any saturated fats, which means that it could actually reduce overall cholesterol content in the body. Omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in High Linoleic Sunflower Oil (e.g., arachidonic acid (AA)) and omega-3 (n-3) PUFA (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) are precursors to potent lipid mediator signaling molecules, termed “eicosanoids,” which have important roles in the regulation of inflammation.
The composition in embodiments is engineered to have an optimal combination of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids which are types of essential fatty acids that could not be prepared on our own, which have to obtain them from diet. Both are polyunsaturated fatty acids that differ from each other in their chemical structure. There are two critical omega-3 fatty acids, (EPA and DHA), that the patients require. Furthermore, vegetarian sources, which the present composition utilizes, such as chia seeds and flax seeds contain a precursor omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid called ALA) that the body must convert to EPA and DHA. EPA and DHA are the building blocks for hormones that control immune function, blood clotting, and cell growth as well as components of cell membranes.
In contrast, omega-6 foods containing these fatty acids are numerous in modern diets. They are found in seeds and nuts, and the oils are extracted from them. The body also constructs hormones from omega 6 fatty acids. In general, hormones derived from the two classes of essential fatty acids have opposite effects. Those from omega-6 fatty acids tend to increase inflammation (an important component of the immune response), blood clotting, and cell proliferation, while those from omega-3 fatty acids decrease those functions. Both families of hormones must be in balance to maintain optimum health, so there are some omega-6 benefits. Many nutrition experts believe that before we relied so heavily on processed foods, humans consumed omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in roughly equal amounts. The imbalance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids may also contribute to obesity, depression, dyslexia, hyperactivity and even a tendency toward violence. Bringing the fats into proper proportion may actually relieve those conditions. The composition of the present invention has a unique 3:1 and 4:1 ratio of omega 6: omega 3 ratio, which facilitates balance of these fatty acids and contributes to the anti-inflammatory effects of them. In optional embodiments, the MCT:LCT ratio is optimized to 4:6 while the Omega 6:Omega 3 ratio is formulated to 4:1.
The nutrition composition further comprises agave inulin is a highly soluble dietary fiber (inulin-type fructan) that provides numerous health benefits. Inulin serves as a “fertilizer” to sustain beneficial bifidobacteria in the large intestine. Inulin is clinically proven to be easy to digest and promotes the growth of good bacteria in the gut such as bifidobacteria. In studies, fecal actinobacteria and bifidobacterium were enriched 3- and 4-fold after ingestion of agave inulin, a long chain fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), and desulfovibrio were depleted 40% with agave inulin compared with the control. Agave inulin tended to reduce fecal 4-methyphenol and pH. Total dietary fiber from agave inulin has been positively associated with fecal butyrate and tended to be positively associated with Bifidobacterium and was negatively correlated with desulfovibrio abundance. Organic inulin could be used in everyday life as a prebiotic and food supplement that stimulates the growth and activity of good bacteria in the body.
The nutrition composition further comprising medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oil which is quickly and easily digested and provides a relatively large amount of energy to the patient. They are associated to stimulate the metabolism and have been identified as a potential weight loss aid. If MCT oil is consumed to increase weight gain, a substantial amount of protein would aid in weight gain. Medium-chain triglycerides are easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and converted into energy by the liver. They are often digested well even by those who cannot digest normal, long-chain fatty acids. MCT is comprised of primarily caprylic and capric fatty acids. MCT helps to treat diseases such cystic fibrosis, and fat malabsorption. It has also been used to add calories to infant and certain other formulas. Unlike other fats, MCT oil benefits because it does not go through the lymphatic system, it is transported directly to the liver where it is metabolized so it releases energy like a carbohydrate and creates keytones.
The nutrition composition comprising organic milled chia are a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which could be used as whole or ground. The organic milled chia is good for intestinal function. There are two critical omega-3 fatty acids, (EPA and DHA), that the body needs. Vegetarian sources, such as chia seeds and flax seeds contain a precursor omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid called ALA) that the body must convert to EPA and DHA. EPA and DHA are the building blocks for hormones that control immune function, blood clotting, and cell growth as well as components of cell membranes. Chia seeds act as functional foods and may contribute to a better adherence to the dietary treatment in controlling hypercholesterolemia. Chia seeds have an impact on the concentration of total cholesterol (C), LDL-C, HDL-C and lipoprotein. Significant decrease in serum LDL cholesterol was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of small LDL particles. In addition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreases significantly as well as total body weight and BMI.
The nutrition composition further comprises organic quinoa flour, which itself comprises higher dietary fiber content than in other grains. This fiber helps improve intestinal functions. In addition, two flavonoids that have been particularly well studied are quercetin and kaempferol, which are found in large amounts in quinoa. In fact, the quercetin content of quinoa is even higher than typical high-quercetin foods like cranberries. These molecules have anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-cancer and anti-depressant effects. Quercetin, a polyphenolic compound and a major bioflavonoid in the human diet, has anti-inflammatory properties and enhances energy expenditure. Naturally occurring flavonoids inhibit three reverse transcriptases. Quinoa is also gluten-free making it an optimal choice for patients with celiac or gluten intolerances. By using quinoa instead of typical gluten-free ingredients like refined tapioca, potato, corn and rice flour, dramatically increases the nutrient and antioxidant value of the diet. Henceforth, the composition according to the present invention is gluten-free.
The nutrition composition further comprises organic rosemary extract which has been shown to boost memory, improve mood, reduce inflammation, relieve pain, protect the immune system, stimulate circulation, detoxify the body, protect the body from bacterial infections, prevent premature aging, and heal skin conditions; digestion problems, including heartburn, intestinal gas (flatulence), liver and gallbladder complaints and loss of appetite. The chemical in rosemary primarily responsible for antioxidation properties is carnosol, a phenolic diterpene also found in mountain desert sage. In addition to being a rich antioxidant, carnosol is also known for its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. According to a recent article published in the journal Cancer Letters, “Carnosol has been evaluated for anti-cancer property in prostate, breast, skin, leukemia, and colon cancer with promising results”. It has also been discovered that carnosol targets cells to reduce inflammation and can also balance androgen and estrogen in the body, reduce cancer risks, increase nerve growth factor healing nerve tissue, and may have a selective toxicity towards cancer cells versus non-tumorigenic cells.
The nutrition composition comprising organic sunflower lecithin is good for heart health. It helps to prevent and reverse damage from coronary disease. Lecithin is essentially an emulsifier of fat which could be used by the body to discard the excess fat from the bloodstream. These excess fats include cholesterol and triglycerides meaning that it will help you to reduce and control the levels of cholesterol. High concentration of linoleic acid present in the sunflower lecithin helps to perform the above process. In addition, olive oil has similar levels of linoleic acid. Phospholipids also plays a vital essential role for liver health and prevents excessive accumulation of fat.
Further, another advantage of using sunflower lecithin is the extraction process. Sunflower lecithin gets extracted without the need for potentially damaging chemical solvents such as acetone and hexane. Sunflower lecithin is produced through a cold press system, as like deriving oil from olives and similar products. Sunflower lecithin is abundant with essential choline and fatty acids, such as phosphatidylinositol.
The nutrition composition comprising organic vanilla flavor which soothes inflammation throughout the body. This is particularly effective for inflammation of the liver, which occurs due to numerous reasons, especially for immunocompromised individuals. Vanillin could help ease arthritis, gout and other inflammatory conditions. Vanilla extract has been evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. The researchers orally administered an ethanolic extract of Vanilla planifolia or a control reference solution to experimental animals with hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol. It was observed that the plant extract was able to protect the liver against the injury induced by paracetamol in rats. This was proven by the tremendous reduction in serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin. The ethanolic extract of Vanilla planifolia has hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Vanilla extract components were studied for the potential use as antioxidants for food preservation and as nutraceuticals in health supplements. The extract and pure standard compounds were screened to ascertain their antioxidant properties using β-carotene-linoleate and diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro model systems. Interestingly, the study observed and supported the potential use of vanilla bean extracts as antioxidants.
The nutrition composition further comprises potassium citrate, which is an essential nutrient for homeostasis in the body. It works alongside sodium to maintain normal blood pressure. Potassium is known as an electrolyte, helps to maintain a healthy fluid balance in the body. It also helps to transmit electrical pulses to allow proper nerve and muscle function. Potassium citrate is specifically used to help maintain effective body pH.
The nutrition composition further comprises a blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices has been reported to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS), increase cellular oxygen consumption in blood and mitochondria, decrease extracellular H2O2, and reduce TNFα-induced inflammatory response in humans. Phytochemicals are the active ingredients that promote whole body health. The extracts do not contain any source ingredients such as, protein, fat, or carbohydrates. The blend may include extracts of green tea and green coffee but does not contain any caffeine. Blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices represents the latest evolution in the fight against potentially-damaging free radicals. The biological effects of a natural supplement on the changes of oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, as well as cellular metabolic activity, have been clinically observed in the human body. The blend of phytochemical extract has been reported to decrease ROS, increase cellular oxygen consumption in blood and mitochondria, decrease extracellular H2O2, and reduce TNFα-induced inflammatory response in humans. Administration of blend of phytochemical extract resulted in statistically significant long-term inhibition of mitochondrial and cellular ROS generation by as much as 17% as well as 3.5-times inhibition in extracellular NADPH system-dependent generation of O2, and nearly complete inhibition of extracellular H2O2 formation. This was reflected in more than two times inhibition of ex vivo cellular inflammatory response and also increases in bioavailable NO concentration. Further, there was measured synergetic, biological effects of a natural supplement on changes in OSM and cellular metabolic activity. The unique design and activity of the plant-based natural supplement, in combination with the newly developed and extended Vitality test, demonstrates the potential of using dietary supplements to modulate OSM and also opens the door to future research into the use of natural supplements for supporting optimal health.
The nutritional component further comprises tricalcium phosphate, which is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid and acts as a source of calcium and phosphorus. Tricalcium phosphate consists of positively charged particles of calcium combined with negatively charged particles called phosphates, which have the chemical formula PO4.
The nutritional component further comprises dipotassium phosphate, which is a highly water-soluble salt that acts is a source of phosphorus and potassium. Dipotassium phosphate commonly comes in the form of a colorless, white substance. Potassium is one of the seven essential macro minerals, of which your body requires at least 100 milligrams on a daily basis in order to sufficiently support its key processes. A healthy intake of potassium decreases your risk of stroke, lowers your blood pressure, protects you against the loss of muscle mass, preserves your bone mineral density, and reduces the risk of kidney stones.
The nutritional component further comprises organic Dutch cocoa powder, which are the solids that remain after cocoa butter is extracted from cacao beans. Dutch process cocoa powder (also sometimes called “alkalized,” “European style,” or “Dutched”) is washed with a potassium carbonate solution that neutralizes cocoa's acidity to a pH of 7. Although all cocoa powders can vary in color from light reddish brown to a richer dark brown, the Dutch process gives the powder a noticeably darker hue. This is different from natural cocoa powder, which is naturally acidic and typically has a pH between 5 and 6.
The nutritional component further comprises organic gum acacia/organic gellan gum, which is a complex polysaccharide indigestible to both humans and animals and considered a safe dietary fiber combined with Gellan gum, a water-soluble anionic polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea. Acacia gum is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree. It is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, and is the original source of the sugars arabinose and ribose. Gellan gum is used as a thickener or stabilizer, and when used in very small doses it acts as an anti-settling agent in liquids. Gellan gum is created by the microbial fermentation of sugar, a natural process, and is vegetarian and Kosher approved
According to the present invention, the biological active compounds and total antioxidant capacity assay (TAC) for blend of phytochemical extract per serving size of 100 mg is shown in below Table 3.
-
- (Source: Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Three Malian Medicinal Plant Parts François Muanda, 1 Donatien Koné, 1 Amadou Dicko, 1,* Rachid Soulimani, 2 and Chafique Younos https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256589)
The nutrition composition further comprises dipotassium phosphate, which is a source of phosphorous and potassium.
With reference now to Table 4, an amino acid profile of the composition is show as it relates to cow's milk.
It was found in a two-tailed t-test that there were no significant differences in the amino acid profiles of the two protein sources (p-value>0.99 NS). Hence, essential amino acid profiles are equivalent in protein quality.
Referring now to
The nutritional composition further needs to be heated to a prescribed temperature for a prescribed time period. The specific temperatures and times depend on the food involved. Ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment takes place in optimized heat exchangers before packaging. This process minimizes heat penetration problems and allows very short heating and cooling times, at the same time minimizing unwanted changes in the taste and nutritional properties of the composition.
The aseptic package has been sterilized prior to filling with UHT treated food, resulting in a product which is shelf stable for over 6 months. The Aseptic packaging method passes flat, unformed packaging material through a heated hydrogen peroxide bath. A hydrogen peroxide concentration of 30% is heated at 70° C. for six seconds. Hydrogen peroxide is then eliminated from the packaging material using pressure rollers or hot air.
The environment where food is handled and sealed is free of potentially contaminating bacteria. Further, the filling and sealing machinery are maintained sterile before packaging and during the production process. This could be achieved using hot air and steam or by combining heat treatment with hydrogen peroxide chemical sterilization.
Advantageously, the present invention is entirely plant-based and free of the top eight allergens such as milk, wheat, soybeans, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish and shellfish, corn, and is non-GMO (free of non-genetically modified organisms). In addition, it contains organic ingredients, optimal fatty acid ratios, oxidation fighting ingredients, anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial fiber. Alternative approaches to the problem include formation of a blended food product. The composition is made with 100% pea protein hydrolysates for optimal digestion.
Although a single embodiment of the invention has been described in the above detailed description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiment developed herein, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications, substitutions of parts and elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The foregoing description comprises illustrative embodiments of the present invention. Having thus described exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted by those skilled in the art that the within disclosures are exemplary only, and that various other alternatives, adaptations, and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention. Merely listing or numbering the steps of a method in a certain order does not constitute any limitation on the order of the steps of that method. Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions. Although specific terms may be employed herein, they are used only in generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments illustrated herein.
Claims
1. A nutrient composition, comprising:
- at least one protein source comprising pea protein;
- one or more phytochemical extracts;
- one or more fatty acids;
- one or more organic ingredients; and
- one or more prebiotic fibers.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one protein source constitutes 5.50 wt % to 6.20 wt % of the total composition, and at least one protein is 100 wt. % pea proteins based on total protein of the mixture.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the phytochemical extracts is a blend of fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the phytochemical extracts comprises rosemary extract, blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices, potassium citrate, and potassium chloride.
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices comprises one or more concentrates of broccoli sprouts, camu camu, tomato, acai, turmeric, garlic, basil, oregano, cinnamon, elderberry, chokeberry, raspberry, spinach, kale, brussels sprouts, extracts of green arabica coffee bean, green tea, onion, apple, acerola, Japanese pagoda tree, blackcurrant, blueberry, and bilberry.
6. The composition of claim 4, comprising:
- (a) rosemary extract constitutes 0.03 wt % of the total composition,
- (b) blend of phytochemical extracts from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices constitutes 0.03 wt % of the total composition, and
- (c) potassium citrate constitutes 0.11 wt % of the total composition,
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the fatty acids comprises organic medium chain triglycerides and a balanced blend of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.
8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the medium chain triglycerides constitutes 1.00 wt % to 1.80 wt % of the total composition.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the fatty acids further comprises organic sunflower lecithin, organic flax seed oil, and organic high linoleic sunflower oil.
10. The composition of claim 9, comprising:
- (a) organic sunflower lecithin constitutes 0.10 wt % of the total composition,
- (b) organic flax seed oil constitutes 0.48 wt % to 0.80 wt % of the total composition, and
- (c) organic high linoleic sunflower oil constitutes 1.50 wt % to 1.75 wt % of the total composition.
11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the organic ingredients comprises vanilla plant extract.
12. The composition of claim 1, further optionally comprises one or more vitamin and mineral blend, and purified water.
13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the vitamin and mineral blend is selected from a group of dicalcium phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium carbonate, choline bitartrate, sodium ascorbate, trisodium citrate, potassium citrate, L-cysteine, taurine, L-carnitine, inositol, L-tryptophan, DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, niacinamide, zinc oxide, ferric orthophosphate, calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, vitamin A palmitate, beta carotene, folic acid, biotin, chromium picolinate, phytonadione, sodium molybdate, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, vitamin D2 and vitamin B12.
14. The composition of claim 12, comprising:
- (a) vitamin and mineral blend constitutes 0.80 wt % to 0.95 wt % of the total composition,
- (b) purified water constitutes 73.00 wt % to 78.00 wt % of the total composition.
15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the prebiotic fiber comprises organic agave inulin.
16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the organic agave inulin constitutes 0.95 wt % to 1.14 wt % of the total composition.
17. The composition of claim 1, further optionally comprises organic brown rice syrup solids, organic agave syrup, organic quinoa flour, organic vanilla flavor and organic milled chia.
18. The composition of claim 17, comprising:
- (a) organic brown rice syrup solid constitutes 4.00 wt % to 10.00 wt % of the total composition,
- (b) organic agave syrup constitutes 2.85 wt % to 7.00 wt % of the total composition,
- (c) organic quinoa flour constitutes 0.03 wt % of the total composition,
- (d) vanilla flavor constitutes 1.10 wt % of the total composition, and
- (e) milled chia constitutes 0.01 wt % of the total composition.
19. A method of using the nutrition composition of claim 1, said method comprising:
- administering the said nutrition composition enterally or orally to the user, providing substantially one or more combination of nutritional components, thereby fulfilling energy requirements of said user without interfering with fluid absorption or causing gastrointestinal disturbances.
20. A method of making the nutrition composition, comprising the steps of:
- (a) forming a pea protein slurry by mixing pea protein to water for ten minutes;
- (b) forming a protein-fat slurry by mixing fat to the pea protein slurry for five minutes;
- (c) mixing dry ingredients to the protein-fat slurry for five minutes;
- (d) mixing agave syrup to a mixture of step (c) for ten minutes; and
- (e) producing the composition aseptically through a microthermic processor.
Type: Application
Filed: May 29, 2019
Publication Date: Apr 27, 2023
Inventors: Richard Laver (Park City, UT), Michelle Laver (Park City, UT), Brett Matthews (Santa Barbara, CA), William Pickar (Napa, CA), David Cole (Peoria, AZ), Steven Witherly (Valencia, CA), Caroline Witherly (Valencia, CA), Vanessa Millovich (Carpinteria, CA), Christina Phreaner (Santa Barbara, CA)
Application Number: 17/296,733
