CIRCULATING OILS HAVING A PERFORMANCE ADDITIVE PACKAGE AND RELATED METHODS
Circulating oil compositions and methods of making the same. Circulating oil compositions may comprise: a base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; and a performance additive package, where circulating oil compositions exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 40 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced with a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, rust formation, pour point, foaming, oxidation; equivalent or increased demulsibility; and any combination thereof. Methods of improving low temperature fluidity and/or oxidation stability of a circulating oil composition may comprise providing said base oil, optionally providing said performance additive, and optionally blending the base oil with the performance additive package, thereby forming the circulating oil composition.
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This application relates to lubricant oil compositions having improved oil life and energy efficiency and, more particularly, to circulating oil compositions and methods thereof.
BACKGROUNDBase oils are a major constituent in industrial oils and contribute significantly to the final properties of these products, such as low temperature performance, biodegradability, energy efficiency, and high temperature oxidation stability. Each base oil possesses distinct characteristics that are needed to satisfy the specific operation requirements of a particular industrial oil composition.
Circulating oils, for example, are oils that are used for centralized lubrication of various systems in industrial machines, such as bearings and gears. Circulating oils are continuously circulated to the friction points of system components, collected, and recirculated. Circulating oils contain two general components, namely, a base oil, the base oil comprising one or more oil base stocks, and one or more additives. Circulating oils operate under conditions of high temperature, exposure to filtration operations, long oil drain intervals, and contact with moisture and other contaminants.
Further, it is desirable for circulating oils to have exceptional oil life, often tens of thousands of hours. Due to the millions of gallons of these oils used annually, circulating oils should have excellent thermal stability, oxidation stability, filterability, foaming resistance, compatibility with multiple materials, low traction coefficient, low-temperature fluidity, and high film thickness at high temperatures. There is a desire to improve the oil life by improving the oil oxidation and shear stability, as well as to improve the low temperature performance by reducing the oil pour point. By extending the life of circulating oils, significant sustainability benefits in energy savings and reduced production of waste oil can be achieved. By increasing the low temperature performance of circulating oils, excellent performance with minimal problems or maintenance can be achieved, even in extreme conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSUREVarious details of the present disclosure are hereinafter summarized to provide a basic understanding. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of the disclosure and is neither intended to identify certain elements of the disclosure, nor to delineate the scope thereof. Rather, the primary purpose of this summary is to present some concepts of the disclosure in a simplified form prior to the more detailed description that is presented hereinafter.
According to an embodiment consistent with the present disclosure, a circulating oil composition includes: a base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; and a performance additive package, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits one or more of the following, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 50 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by Group IV oil base stock: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; and equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test.
According to an embodiment consistent with the present disclosure, a circulating oil composition includes: a base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; and a performance additive package, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 40 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test, and any combination thereof.
According to a further embodiment consistent with the present disclosure, a method for producing a circulating oil composition having low-temperature fluidity and/or oxidation stability includes: providing a base oil for a circulating oil composition, the base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; optionally, providing a performance additive package; and optionally, blending the base oil with a performance additive package, thereby forming a circulating oil composition exhibiting one or more of the following, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 50 weight percent (wt. %) of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, as determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, as determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, as determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, as determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, as determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; and equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test.
According to a further embodiment consistent with the present disclosure, a method for producing a circulating oil composition having low-temperature fluidity and/or oxidation stability includes: providing a base oil for a circulating oil composition, the base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; optionally, providing a performance additive package; and optionally, blending the base oil with a performance additive package, thereby forming a circulating oil composition exhibiting, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 40 weight percent (wt. %) of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, as determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, as determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, as determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, as determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, as determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test; and any combination thereof.
According to another embodiment consistent with the present disclosure, a circulating oil composition includes: a base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; and a performance additive package, wherein: the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 94 wt %; the Group V oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %; the performance additive package is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt %; and the circulating oil compositions exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 100% of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test, and any combination thereof.
According to an additional embodiment consistent with the present disclosure, a method for producing a circulating oil composition includes: providing a base oil for a circulating oil composition, the base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; providing a performance additive package; and blending the base oil with the performance additive package, thereby forming a circulating oil composition wherein the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 94 wt %; the Group V oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %; the performance additive package is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt %; and circulating oil compositions exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 100% of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, as determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, as determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, as determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, as determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, as determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test, and any combination thereof.
Any combinations of the various embodiments and implementations disclosed herein can be used in a further embodiment, consistent with the disclosure. These and other features and attributes of the disclosed compositions and methods of the present disclosure and their advantageous applications and/or uses will be apparent from the detailed description which follows.
Not Applicable.
This application relates to compositions suitable as lubricants and, more particularly for use as circulating oils, and methods concerning the same.
The present disclosure provides circulating oil compositions comprising at least one Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock. The circulating oil compositions described herein advantageously perform centralized lubrication of various systems in industrial machines, such as bearings and gears, to the same level of more costly corresponding compositions comprising typical oil base stocks (e.g., poly-α-olefin (PAO) oil base stocks (including conventional PAO and metallocene PAO (mPAO) oil base stocks), coal-to-liquid (CTL) oil base stocks, gas-to-liquid (GTL) oil base stocks, or ethylene-α-olefin copolymer (EAO) oil base stocks). Accordingly, the described circulating oils provide significant advantages in areas of oil life and energy efficiency without compromising performance.
Circulating oils of the present disclosure may further provide equivalent or improved low-temperature fluidity, oxidation stability, foaming resistance, corrosion resistance, and/or water separability, as compared to typical circulating oil compositions (e.g., PAO-based, CTL-based, GTL-based, or EAO-based circulating oil compositions). Unexpectedly, the circulating oils of the present disclosure further achieve industry standards and regulations, the benefits listed herein, without sacrificing performance or cleanliness. Further, and unexpectedly, the described circulating oil shows equivalent or improved properties not previously attainable by oil base stocks other than Group IV and Group V oil base stocks.
Accordingly, in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides circulating oil compositions comprising a base oil and a performance additive package, where the base oil comprises a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock, and wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits one or more of the following, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 50 wt. % or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion (ASTM D130); equivalent or reduced rust formation (ASTM D665); equivalent or reduced pour point (ASTM D97); equivalent or increased demulsibility (ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711); equivalent or decreased foaming (ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB); and equivalent or reduced oxidation (ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test).
In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides circulating oil compositions comprising a base oil and a performance additive package, where the base oil comprises a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock, and wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 40 wt. % or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion (ASTM D130); equivalent or reduced rust formation (ASTM D665); equivalent or reduced pour point (ASTM D97); equivalent or increased demulsibility (ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711); equivalent or decreased foaming (ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB); equivalent or reduced oxidation (ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test), and any combination thereof.
In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods for producing a circulating oil composition exhibiting equivalent or improved performance, the methods comprising: providing a base oil for a circulating oil composition, the base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; and optionally, blending the base oil with a performance additive package, thereby forming a circulating oil composition exhibiting one or more of the following, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 50 wt. % or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion (ASTM D130); equivalent or reduced rust formation (ASTM D665); equivalent or reduced pour point (ASTM D97); equivalent or increased demulsibility (ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711); equivalent or decreased foaming (ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB); and equivalent or reduced oxidation (ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test).
In an additional embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods for producing a circulating oil composition exhibiting equivalent or improved performance, the methods comprising: providing a base oil for a circulating oil composition, the base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; and optionally, blending the base oil with a performance additive package, thereby forming a circulating oil composition exhibiting, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 40 wt. % or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion (ASTM D130); equivalent or reduced rust formation (ASTM D665); equivalent or reduced pour point (ASTM D97); equivalent or increased demulsibility (ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711); equivalent or decreased foaming (ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB); equivalent or reduced oxidation (ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test), and any combination thereof.
In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides circulating oil compositions comprising: a base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; and a performance additive package, wherein: the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 94 wt %; the Group V oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %; the performance additive package is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt %; and the circulating oil compositions exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 100% of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test, and any combination thereof.
In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods for producing a circulating oil composition, the methods comprising: providing a base oil for a circulating oil composition, the base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; providing a performance additive package; and blending the base oil with the performance additive package, thereby forming a circulating oil composition wherein the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 94 wt %; the Group V oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %; the performance additive package is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt %; and circulating oil compositions exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 100% of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, as determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, as determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, as determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, as determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, as determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test, and any combination thereof.
DefinitionsAs used herein, the term “wt. %,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to percentage (also referred to herein as “percent” or “%”) by weight. As used herein, the term “vol. %,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to percentage by volume. As used herein, the term “mol %,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to percentage by mole. As used herein, the term “ppm,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to parts per million. As used herein, the terms “ppm wt.,” “wppm,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to parts per million on a weight basis. As used herein, the term “wt. ratio,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to weight ratio. As used herein, the term “vol. ratio,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to volume ratio. As used herein, the term “mol ratio,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to mole ratio. All concentrations herein, unless otherwise stated, are expressed on the basis of the total amount of the composition in question.
As used herein, the term “lubricant,” “lubricating oil,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to a substance (usually a fluid under operating conditions) suitable for introduction between two moving surfaces of a system to reduce the friction and wear between said surfaces.
As used herein, the term “base oil,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to the fluid component of a lubricant composition or lubricating oil composition, which may comprise one or more different oil base stocks.
As used herein, the term “oil base stock,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to any fluid that could be used in a base oil, including, but not limited to, a terpene, a mineral oil, a synthetic hydrocarbon, an ester, the like, or any combination thereof. An oil base stock, as described herein, may be defined according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) base oil classification system, which categorizes oil base stocks into five groups based on their saturated hydrocarbon content, sulfur level.
As used herein, the term “viscosity index”, “VI”, and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to an empirical, unit-less number indicating the effect of temperature change on the kinematic viscosity of the oil base stock, base oil, or lubricant composition. A higher viscosity index indicates a smaller decrease in kinematic viscosity with increasing temperature. An oil base stock, base oil, or lubricant composition may have a VI value as determined by ASTM D2270-16.
Oil base stocks are typically produced on a large scale from non-renewable petroleum sources. As used herein, the term “Group I oil base stocks,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to refined crude oils which are the least refined, undergoing solvent refining, comprising less than 90% saturates and/or greater than 0.03% sulfur, and having a viscosity index (VI) of about 80-120. As used herein, the term “Group II oil base stock,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to refined crude oils which are more refined than Group I oil base stocks, both solvent refined and hydrocracked, to achieve more than 90% saturates, less than 0.03% sulfur, and having a viscosity index (VI) of about 80-120. As used herein, the term “Group III oil base stock,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to refined crude oils which undergo severe hydro-processing (e.g., hydro-cracking, hydro-isomerization, and/or hydro-treating) to achieve the same refinement standards as Group II, while having a VI greater than 120. As used herein, the term “Group IV oil base stock,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to synthetic oils comprising poly-α-olefins (PAOs) (e.g., produced by oligomerization of α-olefins, such as 1-decene, 1-butene, and propene), including conventional PAOs and metallocene PAOs (e.g., produced using a metallocene catalyst), typically with a VI of 125-300. As used herein, the term “Group V oil base stock,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to include all base stocks that do not belong to Groups I-IV, such as alkylated naphthalenes, alkylated benzenes, polyalkylene glycols (PAG), and esters.
Further designations commonly used by oil producers, but not officially recognized by the API, may be used, including Group II+oil base stocks and Group III+oil base stocks. As used herein, the term “Group II+oil base stock,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to Group II oil base stock which are further treated (e.g., hydro-treated) to have a VI of from about 110 to about 120. As used herein, the term “Group III+oil base stock,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to synthetic oils, e.g., produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (e.g., CTL oil base stocks, GTL oil base stocks) having a VI of approximately 135-145.
Oil base stocks may be alternatively defined by a viscosity and/or volatility grade classification, which varies from producer to producer. Generally, viscosity grade classifications range, in order of increasing viscosity and mid-point boiling point. As used herein, the term “kinematic viscosity,” “KV”, and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to the ratio of the dynamic viscosity to the density of a material at the same temperature and pressure. Circulating oil compositions may have a KV measured at a defined temperature as defined by ASTM D445 or ASTM D7279 or ASTM D7042. Shorthand terms for kinematic viscosity at commonly used defined temperatures are KV100 (e.g., 100° C.) and KV40 (e.g., 40° C.).
As used herein, the term “light neutral oil base stock,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to an oil base stock having a KV100 of about 4-6 cSt. As used herein, the term “medium neutral oil base stocks,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to oil base stocks having a KV100 of about 7-9 cSt. As used herein, the term “Heavy neutral oil base stocks,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to oil base stocks having a KV100 of about 10-12 cSt. As used herein, the term “extra heavy neutral oil base stock,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to an oil base stock with KV100 of >about 30 cSt. As used herein, the term “Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to a Group II oil base stock, a Group II+oil base stock, or any combination thereof, which meets the KV100 requirements of an extra heavy neutral oil base stock.
All references herein to ASTM standards refer to the edition most recently published before the priority date of the present application unless a different edition is expressly identified.
Circulating Oil CompositionsIn an aspect, the present disclosure provides circulating oil compositions. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure are prepared by methods of the present disclosure. As used herein, the term “circulating oil,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to oils that are used for centralized lubrication of various systems in industrial machines, such as bearings and gears, where the oil is continuously circulated to the friction points of system components, collected, and recirculated.
Circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure comprise: a base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock, and a performance additive package. Circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may have various equivalent or improved performance values, as compared to a typical circulating oil composition, e.g., where a typical base oil thereof (e.g., a PAO, a CTL, a GTL, or a EAO-based base oil) is replaced with a base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock, where the base oils are matched for rheological properties. Equivalent or improved performance may be observed where a portion of or all of the oil base stock of a typical circulating oil composition is replaced with a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock.
Circulating oil compositions of the disclosure, comprising base oils comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock, may display an equivalent or improved fluidity at a lower temperature, oxidation stability, the like, or any combination thereof, as compared to a typical circulating oil composition, e.g., a composition comprising a Group IV oil base stock and lacking a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock. Circulating oil compositions of the disclosure may display from about 5% to about 40% improved performance properties, including all % values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about 10% to about 30% improved performance), as compared to a typical circulating oil composition.
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure exhibit equivalent or improved performance, as compared to corresponding circulating oil compositions wherein 50 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced with a Group IV oil base stock. In an embodiment, the corresponding circulating oil compositions comprise the Group IV oil base stock at 50 wt. % or more, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween (e.g., greater than about 55 wt. %, greater than about 60 wt. %, greater than about 65 wt. %, greater than about 70 wt. %, greater than about 75 wt. %, greater than about 80 wt. %, greater than about 85 wt. %, greater than about 90 wt. %, greater than about 95 wt. %, greater than about 99 wt. %, or 100 wt. %), based on the total weight of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock. In one embodiment, 50 wt. % of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock with the Group IV oil base stock is replaced in the corresponding circulating oil composition. In an embodiment, the Group IV oil base stock is a conventional PAO oil base stock. In an embodiment, the conventional PAO oil base stock is a mixture of conventional PAO 40 and conventional PAO 100 oil base stocks.
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure exhibit equivalent or improved performance, as compared to corresponding circulating oil compositions wherein 40 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced with a Group IV oil base stock. In an embodiment, the corresponding circulating oil compositions comprise the Group IV oil base stock at 40 wt. % or more, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween (e.g., greater than about 45 wt. %, greater than about 50 wt. %, greater than about 55 wt. %, greater than about 60 wt. %, greater than about 65 wt. %, greater than about 70 wt. %, greater than about 75 wt. %, greater than about 80 wt. %, greater than about 85 wt. %, greater than about 90 wt. %, greater than about 95 wt. %, greater than about 99 wt. %, or 100 wt. %), based on the total weight of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock. In one embodiment, 40 wt. % of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock with the Group IV oil base stock is replaced in the corresponding circulating oil composition. In an embodiment, the Group IV oil base stock is a conventional PAO oil base stock. In an embodiment, the conventional PAO oil base stock is a mixture of conventional PAO 40 and conventional PAO 100 oil base stocks.
Circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may be specifically formulated for equivalent or improved performance, particularly for improved energy efficiency and/or improved oil life. Unexpectedly, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may achieve equivalent or improved performance (e.g., corrosiveness, demulsibility, pour point, foaming, oxidation stability, deposits, the like, or any combination thereof) compared to typical circulating oil compositions, e.g., PAO-based, CTL-based, GTL-based, or EAO-based circulating oil compositions, or the like.
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure exhibit equivalent or improved low temperature performance, as compared to corresponding circulating oil compositions wherein 50 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced with a Group IV oil base stock. In an embodiment, the Group IV oil base stock is a conventional PAO oil base stock. In an embodiment, the conventional PAO oil base stock is a mixture of conventional PAO 40 and conventional PAO 100 oil base stocks. In an embodiment, said improved low temperature performance is a reduced pour point as measured by ASTM D97.
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure exhibit equivalent or improved low temperature performance, as compared to corresponding circulating oil compositions wherein 40 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced with a Group IV oil base stock. In an embodiment, the Group IV oil base stock is a conventional PAO oil base stock. In an embodiment, the conventional PAO oil base stock is a mixture of conventional PAO 40 and conventional PAO 100 oil base stocks. In an embodiment, said improved low temperature performance is a reduced pour point as measured by ASTM D97.
Circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may have various performance values (e.g., viscometrics, corrosiveness, demulsibility, pour point, foaming, oxidation stability, deposits, or the like). Circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may be competitive with or superior to PAO-based, CTL-based, GTL-based, or EAO-based circulating oil compositions in one or more performance properties.
Circulating oil compositions may have various kinematic viscosity values. Circulating oil compositions may have a KV40 of from about 10 centistokes (cSt) to about 600 cSt, including all cSt values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about 25 cSt to about 600 cSt, from about 50 cSt to about 600 cSt, from about 100 cSt, to about 200 cSt, from about 100 cSt to about 300 cSt, from about 100 cSt to about 400 cSt, from about 100 cSt, to about 500 cSt, from about 100 cSt to about 600 cSt, from about 200 cSt to about 300 cSt, from about 200 cSt to about 400 cSt, from about 200 cSt to about 500 cSt, from about 200 cSt to about 600 cSt, from about 250 cSt to about 600 cSt, from about 250 cSt to about 500 cSt, from about 250 cSt to about 400 cSt, from about 250 cSt to about 300 cSt, from about 300 cSt to about 400 cSt, from about 300 cSt to about 500 cSt, from about 300 cSt to about 600 cSt, from about 400 cSt to about 500 cSt, or from about 400 cSt to about 600 cSt). In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions may exhibit a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from about 250 cSt to about 300 cSt.
Circulating oil compositions may have a KV100 value of from about 10 cSt to about 70 cSt, including all cSt values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about 10 cSt to about 60 cSt, from about 10 cSt, to about 50 cSt, from about 10 cSt to about 40 cSt, from about 10 cSt to about 30 cSt, from about 10 cSt to about 20 cSt, from about 20 cSt to about 70 cSt, from about 20 cSt to about 60 cSt, from about 20 cSt to about 50 cSt, from about 20 cSt to about 40 cSt, from about 20 cSt to about 30 cSt, from about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt, from about 30 cSt to about 60 cSt, from about 30 cSt to about 50 cSt, from about 30 cSt to about 40 cSt, from about 40 cSt to about 70 cSt, from about 20 cSt to about 60 cSt, or from about 40 cSt to about 50 cSt. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions may exhibit a KV100, as determined by ASTM D445, of from about 20 cSt to about 50 cSt.
Circulating oil compositions may have various viscosity index (“VI”) values. Circulating oil compositions may have a viscosity index (“VI”) as determined by ASTM D2270. Circulating oil compositions may have a VI (ASTM D2270-) of from about 80 to about 180, including all values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about 80 to about 170, from about 80 to about 160, from about 80 to about 150, from about 80 to about 140, from about 80 to about 130, from about 80 to about 120, from about 80 to about 110, from about 80 to about 100, from about 80 to about 90, from about 90 to about 180, from about 90 to about 170, from about 90 to about 160, from about 90 to about 150, from about 90 to about 140, from about 90 to about 130, from about 90 to about 120, from about 90 to about 110, from about 90 to about 100, from about 100 to about 180, from about 100 to about 170, from about 100 to about 160, from about 100 to about 150, from about 100 to about 140, from about 100 to about 130, from about 100 to about 120, from about 100 to about 110, from about 110 to about 180, from about 110 to about 170, from about 110 to about 160, from about 110 to about 150, from about 110 to about 140, from about 110 to about 130, from about 110 to about 120, from about 120 to about 180, from about 120 to about 170, from about 120 to about 160, from about 120 to about 150, from about 120 to about 140, from about 120 to about 130, from about 130 to about 180, from about 130 to about 170, from about 130 to about 160, from about 130 to about 150, from about 130 to about 140, from about 140 to about 180, from about 140 to about 170, from about 140 to about 160, from about 140 to about 150, from about 150 to about 180, from about 150 to about 170, from about 150 to about 160, from about 160 to about 180, from about 160 to about 170, from about 170 to about 180). In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions may exhibit a VI, as determined by ASTM D2270, of from about 90 to about 150, including all values and subsets therebetween.
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions may exhibit a VI, as determined by ASTM D2270, of from about 120 to about 150, including all values and subsets therebetween.
Circulating oil compositions may have various pour point values. As used herein, the term “pour point,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to the temperature at which an oil becomes semi-solid and loses its flow characteristics. The circulating oil compositions may have a pour point as determined by International Standard Test Method (“IP”) 15 or ASTM D97 or ASTM D7345. The circulating oil compositions may have a pour point of from about −60° C. to about −20° C., including all ° C. values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about −60° C. to about −20° C., from about −60° C. to about −25° C., from about −60° C. to about −30° C., from about −60° C. to about −35° C., from about −60° C. to about −40° C., from about −60° C. to about −45° C., from about −60° C. to about −50° C., from about −60° C. to about −55° C., from about −55° C. to about −20° C., from about −55° C. to about −25° C., from about −55° C. to about −30° C., from about −55° C. to about −35° C., from about −55° C. to about −40° C., from about −55° C. to about −45° C., from about −55° C. to about −50° C., from about −50° C. to about −40° C., from about −50° C. to about −35° C., from about −50° C. to about −30° C., from about −50° C. to about −25° C., from about −45° C. to about −20° C., from about −45° C. to about −25° C., from about −45° C. to about −30° C., from about −45° C. to about −35° C., from about −45° C. to about −40° C., from about −40° C. to about −20° C., from about −40° C. to about −25° C., from about −40° C. to about −30° C., from about −40° C. to about −35° C., from about −35° C. to about −20° C., from about −35° C. to about −25° C., from about −35° C. to about −30° C., from about −30° C. to about −20° C., or from about −30° C. to about −25° C.). In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions exhibit a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from about −50° C. to about −30° C. Circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure accordingly are competitive with traditional circulating oil compositions (e.g., PAO-based circulating oil compositions), even without a pour point depressant.
A tested pour point of a circulating oil composition of the disclosure may be considered equivalent to the reference pour point of a corresponding circulating oil composition if the tested pour point is within the 95% confidence interval of reproducibility for mineral oil lubricants set forth in ASTM D97 (e.g., 6.43° C.).
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions may exhibit a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from about −50° C. to about −20° C.
Circulating oil compositions may have various corrosiveness values. Corrosiveness can be determined by a number of corrosivity tests, including ASTM D130 (e.g., copper corrosion), and ASTM D665 (e.g., rust formation in synthetic seawater (Procedure B). The circulating oil compositions may have a corrosiveness to copper rating of 1A, as determined by ASTM D130 (@ 212° F., 3 hours (hrs)), and/or may have a passing visual rating for rust formation in seawater, as determined by ASTM D665 (@140° F., 24 hrs).
Circulating oil compositions may have various demulsibility values. As used herein, the term “demulsibility,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to the ability of a lubricant to separate from water and prevent the formation of emulsions of water and a lubricant. Demulsibility can be determined by a number of water separation tests, including ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711. Circulating oil compositions may have demulsibility time (time to reach 37 mL of water (min)) of about 10 minutes and/or an Oil-Water-Emulsion volume (mL) of about 41-39-0, as determined by ASTM D1401 (@82° C.). Circulating oil compositions may have a total emulsion volume of about zero (0) mL, a total free water volume of from about 80 mL to about 85 mL, and/or a % Water in Oil of from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, as determined by ASTM D2711 (@82° C.).
A tested demulsibility time determined by ASTM D1401 of a circulating oil composition of the disclosure may be considered equivalent to the reference demulsibility time of a corresponding circulating oil composition if the tested demulsibility time is within the 95% confidence interval of reproducibility set forth in ASTM D1401.
A tested oil-water-emulsion volume determined by ASTM D1401 of a circulating oil composition of the disclosure may be considered equivalent to the reference oil-water-emulsion volume of a corresponding circulating oil composition if the tested oil-water-emulsion volume is within the 95% confidence interval of reproducibility set forth in ASTM D1401.
A tested total free water volume determined by ASTM D2711 of a circulating oil composition of the disclosure may be considered equivalent to the reference total free water volume of a corresponding circulating oil composition if the tested total free water volume is within the 95% confidence interval of reproducibility set forth in ASTM D2711.
Circulating oil compositions may have various foaming values (i.e., after air is blown or otherwise mixed into the composition). Foaming tendency (i.e., foam volume (mL) after 5 minutes (min) air blowing) and foaming stability (i.e., foam volume (mL) after 10 min cessation of air blowing) can be determined by ASTM D892 sequences I-III (I, III @24° C., II @93.5° C.). Foaming tendency can be determined by AMS1393MOD-4/LUB (e.g., mixmaster foam test-modified). Circulating oil compositions may have an ASTM D892 Sequence I-III tendency/stability from about 0-10/0-10. Circulating oil compositions may have an AMS1393MOD-4/LUB percent (%) volume increase at 30 min of about 0%.
In the AMS1393MOD-4/LUB test, about 550 grams of a test oil is placed in a test jar of known length and width, and the initial height of the oil is measured by a ruler. The initial volume of oil (V1) equals test jar length x test jar width x oil height. The beaters of a mixer, such as a stand mixer, are inserted to just clear the bottom of the jar. The test oil is then agitated for 5 minutes at 750 rotations per minute (RPM). The beaters are then lifted out of the jar and the test oil is allowed to drain back into the jar for about 20 seconds. The height of the oil, including entrained air and foam, is again measured by a ruler. The volume of oil at this timepoint (V2) equals test jar length x test jar width x oil height. The first height measurement after beater lift relates to foaming tendency, which can be calculated as a percentage increase ((V2−V1)/V1×100). Repeated height measurements may be taken at different times after agitation has stopped, to yield oil volumes (e.g., V3, V4, . . . , Vn), from which foam stability may be calculated.
A foaming tendency determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB of a circulating oil composition of the disclosure may be considered equivalent to the reference foaming tendency of a corresponding circulating oil composition if the tested foaming tendency is within the 95% confidence interval of reproducibility set forth in ASTM D892.
A foaming stability determined by ASTM D892 of a circulating oil composition of the disclosure may be considered equivalent to the reference foaming stability of a corresponding circulating oil composition if the tested foaming stability is within the 95% confidence interval of reproducibility set forth in ASTM D892.
Circulating oil compositions may have various oxidation stability values. As used herein, the term “oxidation stability,” and grammatical variations thereof, refer generally to the resistance of an oil to react with oxygen, which can cause degradation and contribute to varnish, deposits, and poor machine performance. Oxidation stability can be measured by a number of oxidation tests, including the ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test (e.g., see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,682,980, 3,445,391, 4,981,492 and 5,486,301, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference) or ASTM D2272 or ASTM D2893.
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may have an ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test (@163° C., 74 hrs) sludge rating of Nil or Trace. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may have an ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test (@163° C., 74 hrs) KV100% increase of about 10% or less, including all % values and subsets therebetween (e.g., about 10%, about 9.9% or less, about 9.8% or less, about 9.5% or less, about 8% or less, about 7% or less, about 6% or less, about 5% or less, about 4% or less, about 3% or less, about 2% or less, or about 1% or less, or from about 1% to about 9.9%).
In some embodiments, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may have an ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test (@163° C., 74 hrs) KV100% increase of about 12% or less, including all % values and subsets therebetween (e.g., about 12%, about 11%, about 10%, about 9% or less, about 8% or less, about 7% or less, about 6% or less, about 5% or less, about 4% or less, about 3% or less, about 2% or less, about 1% or less, or from about 1% to about 12%).
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may have a Rotating Pressure Vessel Oxidation Test (RPVOT) oxidation stability, as determined by ASTM D2272, of from about 2300 minutes (min) to about 2800 min.
Circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may have various antiwearing values. Antiwearing values can be determined by ASTM D2783 or ASTM D4172. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may have a weld load of from about 140 to about 180 kg, and/or a load wear index of about 45 to about 50 kgf, according to ASTM D2783. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may have a scar diameter (@ 20 kg, 1800 rpm, 1 hr, 54° C.) of from about 0.1 mm to about 0.5 mm, according to ASTM D4172.
A KV100 increase determined by ExxonMobil B10 Oxidation test of a circulating oil composition of the disclosure may be considered equivalent to the reference KV100 increase of a corresponding circulating oil composition if the tested KV100 increase is no more than 1 percentage point greater than the reference KV100 increase of the corresponding circulating oil composition.
A sludge rating determined by ExxonMobil B10 Oxidation test of a circulating oil composition of the disclosure may be considered equivalent to the reference sludge rating of a corresponding circulating oil composition if the tested sludge rating is the same as the reference sludge rating of the corresponding circulating oil composition.
An RPVOT time determined by ASTM D2272 of a circulating oil composition of the disclosure may be considered equivalent to the RPVOT time of a corresponding circulating oil composition if the tested RPVOT time is within the 95% confidence interval of reproducibility set forth in ASTM D2272.
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions may exhibit one or more of the following, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition, wherein 50 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; and equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test.
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions may exhibit, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition, wherein 40 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test, and any combination thereof.
In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions may exhibit, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition, wherein 100% of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test, and any combination thereof.
Relative to any corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 40 wt %, 50 wt %, or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure may exhibit any one, any two, any three, any four, any five, or all six of equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; or equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions may exhibit one or more of the following: a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from about 250 cSt to about 350 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from about 20 cSt to about 50 cSt; and a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from about 90 to about 150. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions may exhibit one or more of the following: a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from about −50° C. to about −30° C.; and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) percent (%) increase, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test (@163° C., 72 hrs), of about 10% or less.
For example, circulating oil compositions may exhibit a property selected from the group consisting of a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from about 250 cSt to about 350 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from about 20 cSt to about 50 cSt; a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from about 90 to about 150 or from about 120 to about 150, and any combination thereof. For another example, circulating oil compositions may exhibit a property selected from the group consisting of a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from about −50° C. to about −30° C. or from about −50° C. to about −20° C.; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) percent (%) increase, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test (@163° C., 72 hrs), of about 10% or less or about 12% or less, and any combination thereof.
Group II/II+Extra Heavy Neutral Oil Base StocksAs used herein, Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may be produced through catalytic processing or through hydrotreatment (sour conditions) followed by catalytic dewaxing (sweet conditions) of de-asphalted Group II oil base stocks and/or Group II+oil base stocks. Circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure, due to the use of extra-heavy Group II/II+oil base stocks, may allow for increased performance similar to or exceeding performance standards of circulating oils formulated with solely Group IV oil base stocks (e.g., PAOs) while having lower cost. A suitable example of a commercially available Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock includes, but is not limited to, EHC 340 MAX™ (ExxonMobil Corporation).
Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have various rheological properties. Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have various kinematic viscosity values. Suitable Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have a KV40 of from about 250 cSt to about 600 cSt, including all cSt values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about 250 cSt to about 300 cSt, from about 250 cSt to about 450 cSt, from about 300 cSt to about 450 cSt, from about 300 cSt to about 600 cSt, or from about 450 cSt to about 600 cSt). Suitable Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have a KV100 of from about 15 cSt to about 70 cSt, including all cSt values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about 15 cSt to about 25 cSt, from about 15 cSt to about 50 cSt, from about 25 cSt to about 50 cSt, from about 25 cSt to about 70 cSt, from about 50 cSt to about 70 cSt).
Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have various VI values. Suitable Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have a viscosity index (ASTM D2270) of from about 80 to about 120, including all values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about 90 to about 100, from about 90 to about 110, from about 90 to about 115, from about 95 to about 105, from about 95 to about 115, from about 100 to about 110, or from about 100 to about 120).
Other suitable Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have a viscosity index (ASTM D2270) of from about 80 to about 160, including all values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about 90 to about 150, from about 90 to about 140, from about 90 to about 130, from about 95 to about 120, from about 95 to about 150, from about 100 to about 140, or from about 110 to about 130).
Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have various pour point values. Suitable Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have a pour point (IP 15 or ASTM D97 or ASTM D7345) of from about −50° C. to about −20° C., including all° C. values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about −45° C. to about −20° C., from about −45° C. to about −25° C., from about −45° C. to about −30° C., from about −45° C. to about −35° C., from about −40° C. to about −25° C., from about −40° C. to about −30° C., from about −35° C. to about −20° C., from about −35° C. to about −25° C., or from about −30° C. to about −20° C.). In an embodiment, Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have lower pour points, as compared to typical oil base stocks having the same viscosity (e.g., KV40 or KV100) values, including but not limited to PAO oil base stocks, GTL oil base stocks, EAO oil base stocks, and the like.
Other suitable Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have a pour point (IP 15 or ASTM D97 or ASTM D7345) of from about −50° C. to about −10° C., including all ° C. values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about −45° C. to about −10° C., from about −40° C. to about −10° C., from about −35° C. to about −10° C., from about −30° C. to about −10° C., from about −25° C. to about −10° C., from about −20° C. to about −10° C., from about −15° C. to about −10° C., from about −50° C. to about −15° C., or from about −45° C. to about −15° C.).
Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have various oxidation stability values. In an embodiment, Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have a KV100% increase (ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test or ASTM D2893) of about 10% or less, including all % values and subsets therebetween (e.g., about 10%, about 9.9% or less, about 9.8% or less, about 9.5% or less, about 8% or less, about 7% or less, about 6% or less, about 5% or less, about 4% or less, about 3% or less, about 2% or less, or about 1% or less, or from about 1% to about 9.9%).
In an embodiment, Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may have: a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from about 250 cSt to about 600 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from about 15 cSt to about 70 cSt; a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from about 80 to about 120; and/or a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from about −50° C. to about −10° C.
Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may be included in a circulating oil composition at from about 25 wt. % to about 99 wt. %, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, based on the total weight of circulating oil compositions (e.g., from about 25 wt. % to about 85 wt. %, from about 30 wt. % to about 85 wt. %, from about 35 wt. % to about 85 wt. %, from about 40 wt. % to about 85 wt. %, from about 45 wt. % to about 85 wt. %, or from about 60 wt. % to about 85 wt. %).
In some embodiments, Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks may be included in circulating oil compositions at from about 5 wt % to about 94 wt %. %, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, based on the total weight of the circulating oil composition (e.g., from about 5 wt. % to about 80 wt. %, from about 10 wt. % to about 75 wt. %, from about 20 wt. % to about 75 wt. %, from about 30 wt. % to about 75 wt. %, from about 35 wt. % to about 75 wt. %, from about 45 wt. % to about 75 wt. %, from about 10 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, from about 20 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, from about 30 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, from about 35 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, from about 40 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, or from about 45 wt. % to about 50 wt. %).
Group V Oil Base StocksGroup V oil base stocks may include, but are not limited to, an ester (including esters of a dibasic acid (e.g., phthalic, succinic, alkylsuccinic, alkenylsuccinic, maleic, azelaic, suberic, sebacic, fumaric or adipic acid (adipate), or linolic acid dimer) and alcohol (e.g., butyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, dodecyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether or propylene glycol), and esters of a monocarboxylic acid of 5 to 18 carbon atoms and polyol (e.g., polyols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane (TMP), pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol or tripentaerythritol); a naphthalene compound (e.g., an alkylated naphthalene); polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), esters thereof, and ethers thereof; phosphate esters, the like, and any combination thereof. In particular embodiments, the Group V oil base stocks may comprise TMP esters, adipate esters, alkylated naphthalenes, PAGs, and any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the Group V oil base stock is an alkylated naphthalene. Examples of suitable commercially available Group V oil base stocks include, but are not limited to, adipate esters (e.g., ditridecyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, e.g., ESTEREX™ series, ExxonMobil Corporation) and alkylated naphthalene compounds (e.g., SYNESSTIC™ series, ExxonMobil Corporation, such as SYNESSTIC™ 5 or SYNESSTIC™ 12).
In an embodiment, the Group V oil base stock comprises at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of alkylated aromatics.
In an embodiment, Group V oil base stocks are present at from about 1 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, based on the total weight of the circulating oil composition (e.g., from about 5 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, from about 5 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, from about 5 wt. % to about 40 wt. %, from about 10 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, from about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, from about 10 wt. % to about 35 wt. %, from about 10 wt. % to about 40 wt. %, from about 15 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, from about 15 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, from about 15 wt. % to about 40 wt. %, from about 20 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, from about 20 wt. % to about 40 wt. %, from about 30 wt. % to about 40 wt. %, or from about 20 wt. % to about 25 wt. %). In an embodiment, Group V oil base stocks are present at from about 5 wt. % to about 40 wt. %, based on the total weight of the circulating oil composition (e.g., from about 10 wt. % to about 35 wt. %, or from about 15 wt. % to about 30 wt. %). For example, Group V oil base stocks may be present at from about 20 wt % to about 25 wt %, such as about 23 wt %.
Additional Oil Base StocksIn addition to the primary oil base stocks, Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks and Group V oil base stocks, base oils may further comprise one or more additional oil base stocks. Base oils may comprise various types and amounts of additional oil base stocks. When present, additional oil base stocks may be included in a circulating oil composition at about 50 wt. % or less, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, based on the total weight of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks (e.g., about 45 wt. %, about 40 wt. % or less, about 35 wt. % or less, about 30 wt. % or less, about 25 wt. % or less, about 20 wt. % or less, about 15 wt. or less, or about 10 wt. % or less). Additional oil base stocks may comprise one single oil base stock or two or more different oil base stocks. Additional oil base stocks for use in the circulating oils may comprise fluids selected from API designated Group I oil base stocks, Group II/II+oil base stocks (i.e., Group II oil base stocks, Group II+oil base stocks, or any combination thereof), Group III/III+oil base stocks (i.e., Group III oil base stocks, Group III+oil base stocks, or any combination thereof), Group IV second oil base stocks, or the like, or any combination thereof. Additional oil base stocks may include, but are not limited to, unrefined or refined crude oils, terpenes, mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons, naphthalenes, esters, the like, or any combination thereof.
Group I oil base stocks may comprise CORE™ series (ExxonMobil Corporation) (e.g., CORE™ 100, CORE™ 150, CORE™ 600, and CORE™ 2500). Group II/II+oil base stocks may comprise viscosity grade classifications of light neutral, medium neutral, or heavy neutral. Examples of suitable commercially available light neutral and medium neutral Group II/II+oil base stocks include, but are not limited to, the EHC™ series (ExxonMobil Corporation) (e.g., EHC™ 45, EHC™ 50, EHC™ 65, and EHC™ 110), ULTRA-S® 2 (60 Neutral) (S-Oil Corporation), and the like.
Group III/III+oil base stocks may include, but are not limited to, CTLs, GTLs, the like, and any combination thereof. An example of a suitable commercially available Group III/III+oil base stock includes, but is not limited to, the ALTUM™ series (ExxonMobil, USA) (e.g., ALTUM™ 4 and ALTUM™ 6), the Qatar GTL QHVI™ series (Qatar Shell GTL Limited) (e.g., Qatar GTL QHVI™ 4 (e.g., GTL 4), Qatar GTL QHVI™ 8 (e.g., GTL 8), and the like).
Group IV oil base stocks may include various PAOs. PAOs may include, for example, light or heavy conventional PAOs (i.e., light PAOs have lower boiling points than heavy PAOs), metallocene PAOs (mPAOs), the like, and any combination thereof. PAOs are often referred to by their KV100 values (e.g., PAO 40 has a KV100 value of about 40 cSt, PAO 100 has a KV100 value of about 100 cSt). Examples of suitable commercially available typical PAO oil base stocks include, but are not limited to, the SPECTRASYN™ series PAOs (ExxonMobil Corporation) (e.g., SPECTRASYN™ 2, SPECTRASYN™ 2C, SPECTRASYN™ 4, SPECTRASYN™ 5, SPECTRASYN™ 6 (e.g., PAO 6), SPECTRASYN™ 8, SPECTRASYN™ 10, SPECTRASYN™ 40 (e.g., PAO 40), and SPECTRASYN™ 100 (e.g., PAO 100)). Examples of a suitable commercially available metallocene PAOs (mPAOs) include, but are not limited to, the SPECTRASYN ELITE™ series mPAOs (ExxonMobil Chemical) (e.g., SPECTRASYN ELITE™ 65, SPECTRASYN ELITE™ 150, and SPECTRASYN ELITE™ 300), the DURASYN® series (e.g., DURASYN® 180R (e.g., mPAO 100)). As described above, the additional oil base stocks may additionally function as a Trim Stock. Examples of suitable Trim Stocks may include any low viscosity (“LS”) Group II-IV oil base stocks including, but not limited to, a light neutral or medium neutral Group II/II+oil base stock, a low viscosity PAO (e.g., PAO 6, PAO 4) oil base stock, a low viscosity gas-to-liquid (GTL) oil base stock (e.g., GTL 4, GTL 8), and the like, and any combination thereof. Examples of suitable commercially available Trim Stocks for use in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, EHC™ 50, Ultra-S® 2 (60 Neutral) (S-Oil Corporation), SPECTRASYB™ 6 or SPECTRASYN™ 4, Qatar GTL QHVI™ 4 (Qatar Shell GTL Limited), or Qatar GTL QHVI™ 8 (Qatar Shell GTL Limited).
In an embodiment, the additional oil base stocks comprise a Group IV oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of conventional polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stocks, metallocene PAO (mPAO) oil base stocks, and any combination thereof. In an embodiment, a Group IV oil base stock comprises a blend of two or more different PAO oil base stocks, such as, but not limited to, a blend of PAO 100 and PAO 40. In an embodiment, the additional oil base stock comprises a Group IV oil base stock present at about 50 wt. % or less, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, based on the total weight of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock (e.g., about 10 wt. % or less, about 20 wt. % or less, about 30 wt. % or less, or about 40 wt. % or less). In one embodiment, the Group IV oil base stock is present at about 50 wt. % or less, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, based on the total weight of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock.
In some embodiments, when present, Group IV oil base stocks may be included in circulating oil compositions at from about 5 wt. % to about 89 wt %, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, based on the total weight of the circulating oil composition (e.g., about 5 wt. % to about 75 wt %, about 5 wt. % to about 65 wt %, about 5 wt. % to about 55 wt %, about 5 wt. % to about 45 wt %, about 5 wt. % to about 40 wt %, about 5 wt. % to about 35 wt %, about 5 wt. % to about 30 wt %, about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt %, or about 5 wt. % to about 15 wt %). For example, Group IV oil base stocks may be included in circulating oil compositions at about 30 wt % to about 65 wt % based on the total weight of the circulating oil composition.
Suitable additional oil base stocks for the base oil compositions may have various rheological properties, as determined by any of the rheological testing methods suitable for Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks or Group V oil base stocks. In an embodiment, additional oil base stocks may have a KV40 of from about 1 cSt to about 2000 cSt, including all cSt values and subsets therebetween. In an embodiment, oil base stocks may have a KV100 of from about 0.1 cSt to about 300 cSt, including all cSt values and subsets therebetween. In an embodiment, oil base stocks may have a VI of from about 60 to about 300, including all viscosity index values and subsets therebetween.
Suitable additional oil base stocks may have various pour points. In an embodiment, additional oil base stocks may have a pour point value of from about −80° C. to −20° C., including all° C. values and subsets therebetween (e.g., from about −60° C. to about −25° C., from about −50° C. to about −30° C., from about −40° C. to about −35° C.).
Suitable additional oil base stocks may have various oxidation stability values, as determined by any one of the oxidation stability tests suitable for Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stocks. In an embodiment, additional oil base stocks may have an ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test KV100% increase of about 10% or less, including all % values and subsets therebetween (e.g., about 10%, about 9.9% or less, about 9.8% or less, about 9.5% or less, about 8% or less, about 7% or less, about 6% or less, about 5% or less, about 4% or less, about 3% or less, about 2% or less, or about 1% or less, or from about 1% to about 9.9%).
Additives for Circulating Oil CompositionsCirculating oil compositions of the present disclosure may comprise one or more additives (e.g., additives related to solubility, friction, corrosion, oxidation stability, cleanliness, defoaming, viscosity, wearing, low temperature fluidity, the like, and any combination thereof, to satisfy diversified characteristics). In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions comprise a performance additive package comprising two or more different additives. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions comprise from about 1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, of a performance additive package (e.g., from about 1 wt. % to about 4.5 wt. %, from about 1.5 wt. % to about 4 wt. %, from about 2 wt. % to about 3.5 wt. %, from about 1 wt. % to about 3 wt. %, from about 2 wt. % to about 4 wt. %, or from about 3 wt. % to about 5 wt. %), based on the total weight of the circulating oil composition. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions comprise from about 1 wt. % to about 3 wt. % of a performance additive package, based on the total weight of the circulating oil composition. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions comprise from about 95 wt. % to about 99 wt. %, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, of a base oil, and/or from about 1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, of a performance additive package, based on the total weight of circulating oil compositions.
Additives for use in the circulating oil compositions may comprise an antioxidant, an antiwear agent, an antifoaming agent, a demulsifier, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor (e.g., a copper corrosion inhibitor, a rust inhibitor, a metal passivator, or the like), a detergent, a dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a pour point improver, the like, and any combination thereof. The additives for use in the circulating oil compositions may be metal-containing (e.g., zinc-containing), metal-free (e.g., zinc-free), or ash-free. In an embodiment, the additives are metal-free and ash-free.
Suitable antioxidants may include, but are not limited to, amine-based antioxidants (e.g., alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine and alkylated phenyl-x-naphthylamine); phenol-based antioxidants (e.g., 4,4′-methylenebis-(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,6-di-t-butyl phenol, and isooctyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate); sulfur-based antioxidants (e.g., dilauryl-3,3′-thiodipropionate); zinc dithiophosphate, the like, and any combination thereof.
Suitable antiwear agents may include, but are not limited to amine phosphates, thiadiazole derivatives, borated esters, borated amines, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, zinc dialkyldithiocarbamates, sulfurized esters, sulfurized olefins, and the like.
Suitable antifoaming agents may include, but are not limited to, dimethyl polysiloxane, polyacrylate and a fluorine derivative thereof, perfluoropolyether, the like, and any combination thereof.
Suitable demulsifiers may include, but are not limited to, polyethers, fatty acid esters, alkoxylated ethers and glycol ethers.
Suitable friction modifiers may include, but are not limited to, an organomolybdenum-based compound, fatty acid, higher alcohol, fatty acid ester, oil/fat, amine, polyamide, sulfide ester, phosphoric acid ester, amine salt of phosphoric acid ester, the like, and any combination thereof.
Suitable corrosion inhibitors may include a copper corrosion inhibitor, a rust inhibitor, the like, and any combination thereof. The corrosion inhibitor may include, but is not limited to, a fatty acid, alkenylsuccinic acid half ester, fatty acid soap, alkylsulfonate, polyhydric alcohol/fatty acid ester, fatty acid amine, oxidized paraffin, and alkylpolyoxyethylene ether, the like, and any combination thereof. Rust inhibitors may include calcium/sodium sulfonates and carboxylates, amine phosphates, zinc naphthenates, and various succinimides. The corrosion inhibitor may include a metal passivator. Suitable metal passivators may include, but are not limited to, derivatives of tolyltriazole (TTZ), ashless or metal-containing thiadiazole compounds.
Suitable dispersants may include, but are not limited to, an ashless dispersant. Ashless dispersants may include, but are not limited to, those based on polybutenyl succinic acid imide, polybutenyl succinic acid amide, benzylamine, succinic acid ester, succinic acid ester-amide and a boron derivative thereof, the like, and any combination thereof.
Suitable viscosity index improvers may include, but are not limited to, polyisobutylene (PIB), polymethacrylate (PMA) (e.g., polyalkylmethacrylates), olefin copolymers (OCP) (e.g., ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene diene-modified copolymers (EPDMs), and the like), styrene maleic anhydride ester copolymers (Styrene Esters), hydrogenated styrene diene (HSD) copolymers (e.g., styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene copolymer (SEBS), styrene-isoprene, and the like), radial isoprene polymers/copolymers, the like, and any combination thereof. An example of a suitable commercially available viscosity index improver includes, but is not limited to, Viscoplex® 8-219 (Evonik). A circulating oil composition may comprise a viscosity index improver as part of a performance additive package or in addition to a performance additive package (e.g., an oil base stock may comprise the viscosity index improver).
Suitable pour point improvers may include a pour point depressant. Pour point depressants may include, but are not limited to, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, condensate of chlorinated paraffin and naphthalene, condensate of chlorinated paraffin and phenol, polymethacrylate, polyalkyl styrene, the like, and any combination thereof. An example of a suitable commercially available viscosity index improver includes, but is not limited to, Viscoplex® 1-333 (Evonik).
In an embodiment, the performance additive package comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, antifoaming agents, demulsifiers, metal passivators, and any combination thereof. In an embodiment, circulating oil compositions comprises from about 1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, including all wt. % values and subsets therebetween, of the performance additive package, based on the total weight of the circulating oil composition (e.g., from about 2 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, from about 2 wt. % to about 4 wt. %, from about 2 wt. % to about 3 wt. %, from about 3 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, from about 3 wt. % to about 4 wt. %, from about 4 wt. % to about 5 wt. %). In an embodiment, the performance additive package is present at from 2 wt. % to about 4 wt. %.
Circulating Oil MethodsIn an aspect, the present disclosure provides circulating oil methods. In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods of making circulating oil compositions. Methods of making a circulating oil composition of the present disclosure may comprise providing a base oil. In an embodiment, methods of making circulating oil compositions further comprise providing a performance additive package. In an embodiment, methods of making circulating oil compositions further comprise blending the base oil and the performance additive package, thereby forming circulating oil compositions.
In certain embodiments, circulating oil compositions of the present disclosure are formed by mixing the various components of the various base oil stocks and the additives according to one or more methods of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, the mixture may be heated, such as in a reaction vessel. In certain embodiments, the mixture may be homogenized to ensure well-mixed and evenly dispersed components. If heated, the mixture is cooled after homogenization.
Further, in one or more embodiments, at least two of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock, the Group V oil base stock, and, if present, the additional oil base stock are pre-blended. Moreover, two or more pre-blends may be themselves blended to achieve a lower viscosity index and a lower kinematic viscosity (@40° C. and @100° C.) base oil compared to either of the pre-blends alone. It is to be noted, that alternatively, at least the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and, if present, the additional oil base stock may be pre-blended without blending with additional pre-blends.
To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following examples of representative embodiments are given. In no way should the following examples be read to limit, or to define, the scope of the disclosure.
EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTSThe present disclosure is further directed to the following non-limiting embodiments.
Embodiment 1. A circulating oil composition, comprising: a base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; and a performance additive package, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits one or more of the following, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 50 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by Group IV oil base stock: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; and equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test.
Embodiment 2. A circulating oil composition, comprising a base oil and a performance additive package, where the base oil comprises a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock, and wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 40 wt. % or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of equivalent or reduced copper corrosion (ASTM D130); equivalent or reduced rust formation (ASTM D665); equivalent or reduced pour point (ASTM D97); equivalent or increased demulsibility (ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711); equivalent or decreased foaming (ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB); equivalent or reduced oxidation (ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test), and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 3. The circulating oil composition of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, wherein the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock has: a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 600 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 15 cSt to 70 cSt; a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 80 to 160; and/or a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from −50° C. to −10° C.
Embodiment 4. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the Group V oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of esters, naphthalene compounds, polyoxyalkylene glycols (PAGs), esters thereof, ethers thereof, phosphates, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 5. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 1-4, wherein the Group V oil base stock is present at from 5 weight percent (wt. %) to 40 wt. %, based on the total weight of circulating oil composition.
Embodiment 6. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 1-5, wherein the performance additive package comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, antifoaming agents, demulsifiers, metal passivators, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 7. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 1-6, wherein the circulating oil composition comprises from 95 weight percent (wt. %) to 99 wt. % of the base oil, and/or from 1 weight percent (wt. %) to 5 wt. %, of the performance additive package, based on the total weight of circulating oil composition.
Embodiment 8. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 1-7, wherein the base oil further comprises at least one additional oil base stock selected from a group consisting of Group II oil base stocks, Group II+oil base stocks, Group III oil base stocks, Group III+oil base stocks, Group IV oil base stocks, Group V oil base stocks, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 9. The circulating oil composition of Embodiment 8, wherein the additional oil base stock comprises a Group IV oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of conventional polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stocks, metallocene PAO (mPAO) oil base stocks, and any combination thereof; and/or wherein the additional oil base stock comprises a Group IV oil base stock present at 50 weight percent (wt. %) or less, based on the total weight of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock.
Embodiment 10. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 1-9, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits one or more of the following: a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 300 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 20 cSt to 50 cSt; and a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 90 to 150.
Embodiment 11. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 1-10, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 300 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 20 cSt to 50 cSt; a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 120 to 150; and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 12. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 1-11, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits one or more of the following: a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from −50° C. to −30° C.; and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) percent (%) increase, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test at 163° C. and 74 hours, of 10% or less.
Embodiment 13. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 1-12, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of: a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from −50° C. to −30° C.; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) percent (%) increase, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test at 163° C. and 74 hours, of 10% or less; and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 14. A method for producing a circulating oil composition, the method comprising: providing a base oil for a circulating oil composition, the base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; optionally, providing a performance additive package; and optionally, blending the base oil with a performance additive package, thereby forming a circulating oil composition exhibiting one or more of the following, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 50 weight percent (wt. %) or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock: equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, as determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, as determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, as determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, as determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, as determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; and equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test.
Embodiment 15. A method for producing a circulating oil composition, the method comprising: providing a base oil for a circulating oil composition, the base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; and optionally, blending the base oil with a performance additive package, thereby forming a circulating oil composition exhibiting, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 40 wt. % or more of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of equivalent or reduced copper corrosion (ASTM D130); equivalent or reduced rust formation (ASTM D665); equivalent or reduced pour point (ASTM D97); equivalent or increased demulsibility (ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711); equivalent or decreased foaming (ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB); equivalent or reduced oxidation (ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test), and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 16. The method of Embodiment 14 or Embodiment 15, wherein the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock has: a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 600 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 15 cSt to 70 cSt; a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 80 to 160; and/or a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from −50° C. to −10° C.
Embodiment 17. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-16, wherein the Group V oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of esters, naphthalene compounds, polyoxyalkylene glycols (PAGs), esters thereof, ethers thereof, phosphates, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 18. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-17, wherein the Group V oil base stock is present at from 5 weight percent (wt. %) to 40 wt. %, based on the total weight of circulating oil composition.
Embodiment 19. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-18, wherein the performance additive package comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, antifoaming agents, demulsifiers, metal passivators, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 20. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-19, wherein circulating oil composition comprises from 95 weight percent (wt. %) to 99 wt. % of the base oil, and/or from 1 weight percent (wt. %) to 5 wt. %, of the performance additive package, based on the total weight of circulating oil composition.
Embodiment 21. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-20, wherein the base oil further comprises at least one additional oil base stock selected from a group consisting of Group II oil base stocks, Group II+oil base stocks, Group III oil base stocks, Group III+oil base stocks, Group IV oil base stocks, Group V oil base stocks, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 22. The method of Embodiment 21, wherein the additional oil base stock comprises a Group IV oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of conventional polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stocks, metallocene PAO (mPAO) oil base stocks, and any combination thereof; and/or wherein the additional oil base stock comprises a Group IV oil base stock present at 50 weight percent (wt. %) or less, based on the total weight of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock.
Embodiment 23. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-22, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits one or more of the following: a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 300 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 20 cSt to 50 cSt; and a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 90 to 150.
Embodiment 24. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-23, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 300 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 20 cSt to 50 cSt; a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 120 to 150; and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 25. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-24, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits one or more of the following: a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from −50° C. to −30° C.; and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) percent (%) increase, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test at 163° C. and 74 hours, of 10% or less.
Embodiment 26. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-25, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of: a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from −50° C. to −30° C.; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) percent (%) increase, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test at 163° C. and 74 hours, of 10% or less; and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 27. A circulating oil composition, comprising: a base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; and a performance additive package, wherein: the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 94 wt %; the Group V oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %; the performance additive package is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt %; and the circulating oil compositions exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 100% of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD 4/LUB; equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 28. The circulating oil composition of Embodiment 27, wherein the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock has: a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 600 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 15 cSt to 70 cSt; a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 80 to 160; and a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from 50° C. to 10° C.
Embodiment 29. The circulating oil composition of Embodiment 27 or Embodiment 28, wherein the Group V oil base stock comprises at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of esters, naphthalene compounds, polyoxyalkylene glycols (PAGs), esters thereof, ethers thereof, phosphates, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 30. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 27-29, wherein the Group V oil base stock comprises at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of alkylated aromatics.
Embodiment 31. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 27-30, wherein the performance additive package comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, antifoaming agents, demulsifiers, metal passivators, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 32. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 27-31, wherein the base oil further comprises at least one additional oil base stock selected from a group consisting of Group II oil base stocks, Group II+oil base stocks, Group III oil base stocks, Group III+oil base stocks, Group IV oil base stocks, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 33. The circulating oil composition of Embodiment 32, wherein the additional oil base stock comprises a Group IV oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of conventional polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stocks, metallocene PAO (mPAO) oil base stocks, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 34. The circulating oil composition of Embodiment 32 or Embodiment 33, wherein the Group IV oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 89 wt %.
Embodiment 35. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 27-34, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 300 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 20 cSt to 50 cSt; a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 120 to 150; and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 36. The circulating oil composition of any one of Embodiments 27-35, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from 50° C. to 20° C.; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) percent (%) increase, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test at 163° C. and 74 hours, of 12% or less; and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 37. A method for producing a circulating oil composition, the method comprising: providing a base oil for a circulating oil composition, the base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; providing a performance additive package; and blending the base oil with the performance additive package, thereby forming a circulating oil composition wherein the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 94 wt %; the Group V oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %; the performance additive package is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt %; and circulating oil compositions exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 100% of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, as determined by ASTM D130; equivalent or reduced rust formation, as determined by ASTM D665; equivalent or reduced pour point, as determined by ASTM D97; equivalent or increased demulsibility, as determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; equivalent or decreased foaming, as determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD 4/LUB; equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 38. The method of Embodiment 37, wherein the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock has: a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 600 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 15 cSt to 70 cSt; a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 80 to 160; and a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from 50° C. to 10° C.
Embodiment 39. The method of Embodiment 37 or Embodiment 38, wherein the Group V oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of esters, naphthalene compounds, polyoxyalkylene glycols (PAGs), esters thereof, ethers thereof, phosphates, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 40. The method of any one of Embodiments 37-39, wherein the Group V oil base stock comprises at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of alkylated aromatics.
Embodiment 41. The method of any one of Embodiments 37-40, wherein the performance additive package comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, antifoaming agents, demulsifiers, metal passivators, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 42. The method of any one of Embodiments 37-41, wherein the base oil further comprises at least one additional oil base stock selected from a group consisting of Group II oil base stocks, Group II+oil base stocks, Group III oil base stocks, Group III+oil base stocks, Group IV oil base stocks, Group V oil base stocks, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 43. The method of Embodiment 42, wherein the additional oil base stock comprises a Group IV oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of conventional polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stocks, metallocene PAO (mPAO) oil base stocks, and any combination thereof.
Embodiment 44. The method of Embodiment 42 or Embodiment 43, wherein the Group IV oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 80 wt % . . .
Embodiment 45. The method of any one of Embodiments 37-44, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 300 cSt; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 20 cSt to 50 cSt; a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 120 to 150; and any combination thereof
Embodiment 46. The method of any one of Embodiments 37-45, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from 50° C. to 20° C.; a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) percent (%) increase, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test at 163° C. and 74 hours, of 12% or less; and any combination thereof.
EXAMPLES Example 1Group IV (PAO) based industrial lubricants are expected to have enhanced performance properties over the same lubricants formulated with Group II oil base stocks. It has been found surprisingly that when either fully or partially replacing PAO of a circulating oil composition with Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock (e.g., EHC 340 MAX™, ExxonMobil), equivalent or improved results are exhibited in a wide range of lubricant performance tests. These tests cover many performance areas, including: copper corrosion, rust, water separability (demulsibility), pour point, foam, and oxidation stability and deposits.
Especially surprising are the ASTM D97 pour point results being equivalent (test is ±3° C.), as PAO is known to have exceptionally low temperature performance. Table 1 below gives the components of circulating oil compositions tested, including a control example (CE), and two inventive examples (IE1 and IE2).
Optionally, Group V oil base stocks can be used. These include, but are not limited to, esters (e.g., adipate esters) and alkylated aromatics (e.g., alkylated naphthalene compounds). The Group V oil base stocks can be added at 5-30%, optimally 10-25%.
A typical additive package for a circulating oil may contain: an antioxidant, an antiwear agent, an antifoam agent, a demulsifier, and a metal passivator. The package can range from 1%-5%, optimally 2-4%.
Table 2 below gives the test results for circulating oil compositions tested.
In summary, the present example describes a method to achieve equivalent or improved performance by substituting the Group IV oil base stock of a circulating oil composition with a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock, and compositions to achieve this.
Example 2Further studies of circulating oil compositions were performed. Table 3 below gives the components of a control example (CE), and nine inventive examples (IE1 to IE9).
The performance additive package contained an antioxidant, an antiwear agent, an antifoam agent, a demulsifier, and a metal passivator.
Viscosity properties determined for the control example and the inventive examples were KV40, determined by ASTM D445; KV100, determined by ASTM D445; and VI, determined by ASTM D2270.
Pour point for the control example and the inventive examples was determined by ASTM D5949, Manual Method.
Copper corrosion for the control example and the inventive examples was determined by ASTM D130, 212° F., 3 hrs.
Rust test for the control example and the inventive examples was determined by ASTM D665, Seawater, 1 specimen, 140° F., 24 hrs.
Oxidation properties determined for the control example and the inventive examples were KV100 Increase, determined by ExxonMobil B10, 163° C., 72 hr; Sludge Rating, determined by ExxonMobil B10, 163° C., 72 hr; and RPVOT, determined by ASTM D2272.
Demulsibility properties determined for the control example and the inventive examples were Time to 37 ml H2O, determined by ASTM D1401, 82° C.; Oil-Water-Emulsion, determined by ASTM D1401, 82° C.; and Total Free H2O, determined by ASTM D2711, 82° C.
Foaming properties determined for the control example and the inventive examples were Foam Tendency/Stability; and Volume Increase, determined by AMS1393MOD-4/LUB, 30 min.
Table 4 below gives the test results for circulating oil compositions tested.
While various embodiments have been shown and described herein, modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The embodiments described herein are exemplary only and are not intended to be limiting. Many variations, combinations, and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above, but is defined by the claims that follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims.
Therefore, the present disclosure is well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein. The particular examples and configurations disclosed above are illustrative only, as the present disclosure may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular illustrative examples disclosed above may be altered, combined, or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. The disclosure illustratively disclosed herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element that is not specifically disclosed herein and/or any optional element disclosed herein. While compositions and methods are described in terms of “comprising,” “containing,” or “including” various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various components and steps. All numbers and ranges disclosed above may vary by some amount. Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range falling within the range is specifically disclosed. In particular, every range of values (of the form, “from about A to about B,” or, equivalently, “from approximately A to B,” or, equivalently, “from approximately A-B”) disclosed herein is to be understood to set forth every number and range encompassed within the broader range of values. Also, the terms in the claims have their plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee. Moreover, the indefinite articles “a” or “an,” as used in the claims, are defined herein to mean one or more than one of the elements that it introduces.
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties, such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the present specification and associated claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the incarnations of the present disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claim, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
One or more illustrative incarnations incorporating one or more disclosed elements are presented herein. Not all features of a physical implementation are described or shown in this application for the sake of clarity. It is understood that in the development of a physical embodiment incorporating one or more elements of the present disclosure, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's goals, such as compliance with system-related, business-related, government-related, and other constraints, which vary by implementation and from time to time. While a developer's efforts might be time-consuming, such efforts would be, nevertheless, a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art and having benefit of this disclosure.
Claims
1. A circulating oil composition, comprising:
- a performance additive package present in the circulating oil composition at from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt %; and,
- a base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock; wherein: the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 94 wt %; and, the Group V oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %;
- wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 100% of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of: (i) equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, determined by ASTM D130; (ii) equivalent or reduced rust formation, determined by ASTM D665; (iii) equivalent or reduced pour point, determined by ASTM D97; (iv) equivalent or increased demulsibility, determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; (v) equivalent or decreased foaming, determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; (vi) equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test, and, (vii) any combination of (i)-(vi).
2. The circulating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock has:
- a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 600 cSt;
- a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 15 cSt to 70 cSt;
- a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 80 to 120; and
- a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from −50° C. to −10° C.
3. The circulating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the Group V oil base stock comprises at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of esters, naphthalene compounds, polyoxyalkylene glycols (PAGs), esters thereof, ethers thereof, phosphates, and any combination thereof.
4. The circulating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the Group V oil base stock comprises at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of alkylated aromatics.
5. The circulating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the performance additive package comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, antifoaming agents, demulsifiers, metal passivators, and any combination thereof.
6. The circulating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the base oil further comprises at least one additional oil base stock selected from a group consisting of Group II oil base stocks, Group II+oil base stocks, Group III oil base stocks, Group III+oil base stocks, Group IV oil base stocks, and any combination thereof.
7. The circulating oil composition of claim 6, wherein the additional oil base stock comprises a Group IV oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of conventional polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stocks, metallocene PAO (mPAO) oil base stocks, and any combination thereof.
8. The circulating oil composition of claim 7, wherein the Group IV oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 89 wt %.
9. The circulating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of:
- a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 300 cSt;
- a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 20 cSt to 50 cSt;
- a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 120 to 150; and
- any combination thereof.
10. The circulating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of:
- a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from −50° C. to −20° C.;
- a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) percent (%) increase, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test at 163° C. and 74 hours, of 12% or less; and
- any combination thereof.
11. A method for producing a circulating oil composition, the method comprising:
- providing a base oil for a circulating oil composition, the base oil comprising a Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock and a Group V oil base stock;
- providing a performance additive package; and
- blending the base oil with the performance additive package, thereby forming a circulating oil composition wherein: the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 94 wt %; the Group V oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %; and, the performance additive package is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt %;
- wherein the circulating oil compositions exhibits, as compared to a corresponding circulating oil composition wherein 100% of the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock is replaced by a Group IV oil base stock, a property selected from the group consisting of: (i) equivalent or reduced copper corrosion, as determined by ASTM D130; (ii) equivalent or reduced rust formation, as determined by ASTM D665; (ii) equivalent or reduced pour point, as determined by ASTM D97; (iv) equivalent or increased demulsibility, as determined by ASTM D1401 or ASTM D2711; (v) equivalent or decreased foaming, as determined by ASTM D892 or AMS1393MOD-4/LUB; (vi) equivalent or reduced oxidation, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test; and (vii) any combination of (i)-(vi).
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the Group II/II+extra heavy neutral oil base stock has:
- a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 600 cSt;
- a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 15 cSt to 70 cSt;
- a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 80 to 120; and
- a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from −50° C. to −10° C.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the Group V oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of esters, naphthalene compounds, polyoxyalkylene glycols (PAGs), esters thereof, ethers thereof, phosphates, and any combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the Group V oil base stock comprises at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of alkylated aromatics.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the performance additive package comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, antifoaming agents, demulsifiers, metal passivators, and any combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 11, wherein the base oil further comprises at least one additional oil base stock selected from a group consisting of Group II oil base stocks, Group II+oil base stocks, Group III oil base stocks, Group III+oil base stocks, Group IV oil base stocks, Group V oil base stocks, and any combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the additional oil base stock comprises a Group IV oil base stock comprising at least one oil base stock selected from the group consisting of conventional polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stocks, metallocene PAO (mPAO) oil base stocks, and any combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the Group IV oil base stock is present in the circulating oil composition at from about 5 wt % to about 80 wt %.
19. The method of claim 11, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of:
- a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. (KV40), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 250 cSt to 300 cSt;
- a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100), as determined by ASTM D445, of from 20 cSt to 50 cSt;
- a viscosity index (VI), as determined by ASTM D2270, of from 120 to 150; and
- any combination thereof.
20. The method of claim 11, wherein the circulating oil composition exhibits a property selected from the group consisting of:
- a pour point, as determined by ASTM D97, of from −50° C. to −20° C.;
- a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) percent (%) increase, as determined by ExxonMobil B10 oxidation test at 163° C. and 74 hours, of 12% or less; and
- any combination thereof.
Type: Application
Filed: Feb 12, 2026
Publication Date: Aug 13, 2026
Applicant: EXXONMOBIL TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING COMPANY (Spring, TX)
Inventors: Reda K. FAWZY (Houston, TX), David A. BLAIN (Highland Park, NJ), Michael L. BLUMENFELD (Annandale, NJ)
Application Number: 19/538,923
