Inbred corn line ZS1791
Broadly this invention provides inbred corn line ZS1791. The methods for producing a corn plant by crossing the inbred line ZS1791 are encompassed by the invention. Additionally, the invention relates to the various parts of inbred ZS1791 including culturable cells. This invention relates to hybrid corn seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line ZS1791 with at least one other corn line.
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This invention is in the field of corn breeding, specifically relating to an inbred corn line designated ZS1679.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe original maize plant was indigenous to the Western Hemisphere. The plants were weedlike and only through the efforts of early breeders was a cultivated crop species developed. The physical traits of maize are such that self pollination or cross pollination can occur. Each plant has a separate male and female flower, the tassel and ear, respectively. Natural pollination occurs when wind transfers pollen from tassel to the silks on the corn ears. This type of pollination contributed to the wide variation of maize varieties present in the Western Hemisphere.
The development of a planned breeding program for maize only occurred in the last century. Originally, maize was an open pollinated variety having heterogeneous genotypes. The maize farmer selected uniform ears from the yield of these genotypes and reserved them for planting the next season. The result was a field of maize plants that were segregating for a variety of traits. This type of maize selection lead to at most incremental increases in seed yield.
Large increases in seed yield were the result of the development of hybrid corn varieties in planned breeding programs. Hybrids were developed by selecting corn lines and selfing these lines for several generations to develop homozygous pure inbred lines and crossing selected inbred lines with unrelated inbred lines to produce hybrid progeny (F1). Inbred lines can be difficult to produce since the inbreeding process in corn decreases the vigor. However, when two inbred lines are crossed, the hybrid plant evidences greatly increased vigor compared to open pollinated segregating maize plants. An important factor of the homozygosity and the homogeneity of the inbred lines is that the hybrid from any cross will always be the same, and can be reproduced.
The ultimate objective of the commercial maize seed companies is to produce high yielding, agronomically sound plants which perform well in certain regions or areas of the Corn Belt. To produce these types of hybrids, the companies must develop inbreds which carry needed traits into the hybrid combination. Hybrids are not uniformly adapted for the Corn Belt, but are specifically adapted for regions of the Corn Belt. Northern regions of the Corn Belt require shorter season hybrids than do southern regions of the Corn Belt. Hybrids that grow well in Colorado and Nebraska soils may not flourish in rich Illinois soil. Thus, a variety of major agronomic traits are important in hybrid combination for the various Corn Belt regions, and have an impact on hybrid performance.
Inbred line development and hybrid testing have been emphasized in the past half century in commercial maize production as a means to increase hybrid performance. Inbred development is usually done by pedigree selection. Pedigree selection can be selection in an F.sub.2 population produced from a planned cross of two genotypes (often elite inbred lines), or selection of progeny of synthetic varieties, open pollinated, composite, or backcross populations. This type of selection is effective for highly inheritable traits, but other traits, for example, yield requires replicated test crosses at a variety of stages for accurate selection.
Maize breeders select for a variety of traits in inbreds that impact hybrid performance along with selecting for acceptable parental traits. Such traits include yield potential in hybrid combination; dry down; maturity; grain moisture at harvest; greensnap; resistance to root lodging; resistance to stalk lodging; grain quality; disease and insect resistance; ear and plant height; performance in different soil types such as: low level of organic matter, clay, sand, black, high pH, low pH; performance in: wet environments, drought environments, and no tillage conditions. These traits appear to be governed by a complex genetic system that makes selection and breeding of an inbred line extremely difficult. Even if an inbred in hybrid combination has excellent yield (a desired characteristic), it may not be useful because it fails to have acceptable parental traits such as seed yield, seed size, pollen production, good silks, plant height, etc.
To illustrate the difficulty of breeding and developing inbred lines, the following example is given. Two inbreds compared for similarity of 29 traits differed significantly for 18 traits between the two lines. If 18 simply inherited single gene traits were polymorphic with gene frequencies of 0.5 in the parental lines, and assuming independent segregation (as would essentially be the case if each trait resided on a different chromosome arm), then the specific combination of these traits as embodied in an inbred would only be expected to become fixed at a rate of one in 262,144 possible homozygous genetic combinations. Selection of the specific inbred combination is also influenced by the specific selection environment on many of these 18 traits which makes the probability of obtaining this one inbred even more remote. Thus, the general procedure of producing a non segregating F.sub.1 generation and self pollinating to produce a F.sub.2 generation that segregates for traits does not easily lead to a useful inbred. Great care and breeder expertise must be used in selection of breeding material to continue to increase yield and agronomics of inbreds and resultant commercial hybrids.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to an inbred corn line ZS1791. Specifically, this invention relates to plants and seeds of this line. Additionally, this relates to a method of producing hybrid seed corn from this inbred. More particularly, this invention relates to the unique combination of traits that combine in corn line ZS1791.
Generally then, broadly the present invention includes an inbred corn seed designated ZS1791. This seed produces a corn plant.
The invention also includes the tissue culture of regenerable cells of ZS1791 wherein the tissue regenerates plants having the genotype of ZS1791. The tissue culture is selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, roots, root tips, anthers, silk, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, husks and stalks, and cells and protoplasts thereof. The corn plant regenerated from ZS1791 having ZS1791's genotype.
The invention extends to hybrid seed produced by planting, in pollinating proximity, seeds of corn inbred lines ZS1791 and another inbred line; cultivating corn plants resulting from said planting; preventing pollen production by the plants of one of the inbred lines; allowing natural cross pollinating to occur between said inbred lines; and harvesting seeds produced on plants of the inbred. The hybrid seed produced by hybrid combination of plants of inbred corn seed designated ZS1791 and plants of another inbred line. Hybrid plants grown from this hybrid seed.
The invention further includes a method of hybrid F1 production. A first generation (F1) hybrid corn plant produced by the process of planting, in pollinating proximity, seeds of corn inbred lines ZS1791 and another inbred line; cultivating corn plants resulting from said planting; preventing pollen production by the plants of one of the inbred lines; allowing natural cross pollinating to occur between said inbred lines; harvesting seeds produced on plants of the inbred; and growing a harvested seed.
A tissue culture of the regenerable cells of hybrid plants produced with use of ZS1791 genetic material. A tissue culture of the regenerable cells of the corn plant produced by the method described above.
DEFINITIONSIn the description and examples which follow, a number of terms are used. In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specifications and claims, including the scope to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided.
BL MOIST
The moisture percentage of the grain at black layer, i.e., when 50% of the plants per plot have reached physiological maturity.
COLD GERM
Cold Germ is a measurement of seed germination under cold soil conditions. Data is reported as percent of seed germinating.
ECB
European corn borer is a maize eating insect. ECBI is the first brood generation of European corn borers. ECBII is the second generation of European corn borers.
EMERGE
The number of emerged plants per plot (planted at the same seedling rate) collected when plants have two fully developed leaves.
GI
This is a selection index which provides a single quantitative measure of the worth of a hybrid based on four traits. Yield is the primary trait contributing to index values. The GI value is calculated by combining stalk lodging, root lodging, yield and dropped ears according to the attached mathematical formula:
GI=100+0.5(YLD)-0.9(%STALK LODGE)-0.9(%ROOT LODGE)-2.7(%DROPPED EAR)
GLS
Grey Leaf Spot (Cercospora Zeae) disease rating. This is grated on a 1-9 scale with a "1" being very susceptible, and a "9" being very resistant.*
*Resistant--on a scale of 1-9 with 9 evidencing the trait most strongly: 1-2.9 ratings are susceptible, 3-5.9 ratings are intermediate, and 6-9 ratings are resistant.
GW
Goss' Wilt (Corynebacterium nebraskense). This is rated on a 1-9 scale with a "1" being very susceptible, and a "9" being very resistant.*
*Resistant--on a scale of 1-9 with 9 evidencing the trait most strongly: 1-2.9 ratings are susceptible, 3-5.9 ratings are intermediate, and 6-9 ratings are resistant.
HEATP10
The number of Growing Degree Units (GDU's) or heat units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have approximately 10 percent of the plants shedding pollen. This trait is measured from the time of planting. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method where the GDU's for a 24 hour period are: ##EQU1##
The highest maximum temperature used is 86.degree. F. and the lowest minimum temperature used is 50.degree. F. For each inbred or hybrid it takes a certain number of GDU's to reach various stages of plant development.
HEATBL
The number of GDU's after planting when approximately 50 percent of the inbred or hybrid plants in a plot have grain which has reached physiological maturity (black layer).
HEATPEEK
The number of GDU's after planting of an inbred when approximately 50 percent of the plants show visible tassel extension.
HEATP50
The number of GDU's required for an inbred or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants shedding pollen. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method as shown in the HEATP10 definition.
HEATP90
The number of GDU's accumulated from planting when the last 100 percent of plants in an inbred or hybrid are still shedding enough viable pollen for pollination to occur. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method as shown in the HEATP10 definition.
HEAT S10
The number of GDU's required for an inbred or hybrid to have approximately 10 percent of the plants with silk emergence of at least 0.5 inches. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method as shown in the HEATP10 definition.
HEATS50
The number of GDU's required for an inbred or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence of at least 0.5 inches. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method as shown in the HEATP10 definition.
HEATS90
The number of GDU's required for an inbred or hybrid to have approximately 90 percent of the plants with silk emergence of at least 0.5 inches. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method as shown in the HEATP10 definition.
MDMV.sub.A
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus strain A. The cord is rated on a 1-9 scale with a "1" being very susceptible, and a "9" being very resistant.*
*Resistant--on a scale of 1-9 with 9 evidencing the trait most strongly: 1-2.9 ratings are susceptible, 3-5.9 ratings are intermediate, and 6-9 ratings are resistant.
MDMV.sub.B
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus strain B. This is rated on a 1-9 scale with a "1" being very susceptible and a "9" being very resistant.*
*Resistant--on a scale of 1-9 with 9 evidencing the trait most strongly: 1-2.9 ratings are susceptible, 3-5.9 ratings are intermediate, and 6-9 ratings are resistant.
MOISTURE
The average percentage grain moisture of an inbred or hybrid at harvest time.
NLB
Northern Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) disease rating. This is rated on a 1-9 scale with a "1" being very susceptible, and a "9" being very resistant.*
*Resistant--on a scale of 1-9 with 9 evidencing the trait most strongly: 1-2.9 ratings are susceptible, 3-5.9 ratings are intermediate, and 6-9 ratings are resistant.
PCT TILLER
The total number of tillers per plot divided by the total number of plants per plot.
PLANT
This term includes plant cells, plantprotoplasts, plant cell tissue cultures from which corn plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, leaves, husks, stalks, roots, root tips, anthers, silk and the like.
PLANT HEIGHT
The distance in centimeters from ground level to the base of the tassel peduncle.
RM
Predicted relative maturity based on the moisture percentage of the grain at harvest. This rating is based on known set of checks and utilizes standard linear regression analyses and is referred to as the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating System.
SHED
The volume of pollen shed by the male flower rated on a 1-9 scale where a "1" is a very light pollen shedder, a "4.5" is a moderate shedder, and a "9" is a very heavy shedder. The Table(s) 3 have reduced the 1-9 shed scale to a 1-3 shed scale. Any shed on Table 3 can be multiplied by 3 to reach the 1-9 shed scale.
SLB
Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis) disease rating. This is rated on a 1-9 scale with a "1" being very susceptible, and a "9" being very resistant.*
*Resistant--on a scale of 1-9 with 9 evidencing the trait most strongly: 1-2.9 ratings are susceptible, 3-5.9 ratings are intermediate, and 6-9 ratings are resistant.
TWT
The measure of the weight of grain in pounds for a one bushel volume adjusted for percent grain moisture.
VIGOR
Visual rating of 1 to 9 made 2-3 weeks post-emergence where a "1" indicates very poor early plant development, and a "9" indicates superior plant development.
WARM GERM
A measurement of seed germination under ideal (warm, moist) conditions. Data is reported as percent of seeds germinating.
YIELD (YLD)
Actual yield of grain at harvest adjusted to 15.5% moisture. Measurements are reported in bushels per acre.
% DROPPED EARS (DE)
The number of plants per plot which dropped their primary ear divided by the total number of plants per plot.
% LRG FLAT
Percentage by weight of shelled corn that passes through a 26/64 inch round screen and a 14/64 inch slot screen, but does not pass through a screen with 20.5/64 inch round openings.
% LRG ROUND
Percentage by weight of shelled corn that passes through a 26/64 inch round screen, but does not pass through a 14/64 inch slot screen or a screen with 20.5/64 inch round openings.
% MED FLAT
Percentage by weight of shelled corn that passes through a 20.5/64 inch round screen and a 13/64 inch slotted screen, but does not pass through a screen with 17/64 inch round openings.
% MED ROUND
Percentage by weight of shelled corn that passes through a 20.5/64 inch round screen, but does not pass through a 13/64 inch slot screen or a screen with 17/64 inch round openings.
% SML FLAT
Percentage by weight of shelled corn that passes through a 17/64 inch round screen and a 12/64 inch slotted screen, but does not pass through a screen with 15/64 inch round openings.
% SML ROUND
Percentage by weight of shelled corn that passes through a 17/64 inch round screen, but does not pass through a 12/64 inch slotted screen or a screen with 15/64 inch round openings.
% ROOT LODGE (RL)
Percentage of plants per plot leaning more that 30 degrees from vertical divided by total plants per plot.
% STALK LODGE (SL)
Percentage of plants per plot with the stalk broken below the primary ear node divided by the total plants per plot.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThe inbred ZS1791 contributes in hybrid combination to a hybrids good yields under drought stress, early flowering, and low ear placement. This inbred is an excellent female parent and can be used as a male.
The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the limits of environmental influence for all the traits as described in the Variety Description Information (Table 1) that follows. Most of the data in the Variety Description information was collected at Slater, Iowa.
The inbred has been self-pollinated for a sufficient number of generations to give inbred uniformity. During plant selection in each generation, the uniformity of plant type was selected to ensure homozygosity and phenotypic stability. The line has been increased in isolated farmland environments with data on uniformity and agronomic traits being observed to assure uniformity and stability. No variant traits have been observed or are expected in ZS1791.
The best method of producing the invention, ZS1791 which is substantially homozygous, is by planting the seed of ZS1791 which is substantially homozygous and self-pollinating or sib pollinating the resultant plant in an isolated environment, and harvesting the resultant seed or the resultant pollen.
TABLE I
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ZS1791
VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
#1 Type: Dent
#2 Region Best Adapted: Western Corn Belt
INBRED ZS1791
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#3 MATURITY
DAYS HEATUNITS
80 1514 FROM PLANTING TO 50% OF PLANTS IN SILK
80 1514 FROM PLANTING TO 50% OF PLANTS IN POLLEN
10 FROM 10% TO 90% POLLEN SHED
#4 PLANT
DATA
4 ANTHOCYANIN OF BRACE ROOTS:
1=ABSENT 2=FAINT 3=MODERATE 4=DARK
#5 LEAF
COLOR/DATA
3/DARK GREEN LEAF COLOR **MUNSELL CODE-5GY 3/4
7 LEAF SHEATH PUBESCENCE (1=NONE TO 9=PEACH
FUZZ)
4 MARGINAL WAVES (1=NONE TO 9=14ANY)
8 LONGITUDINAL CREASES (1=NONE TO 9=MANY)
#6 TASSEL
COLOR/DATA
5 POLLEN SHED (0=STERILE TO 9=HEAVY SHEDDER)
5/GREEN-YELLOW ANTHER COLOR **MUNSELL CODE-2.5GY 8/10
02 w/14 GLUME COLOR **MUNSELL CODE-5GY 6/6 w/ 2.5R
4/10 STRIPES
2 BAR GLUME: 1=ABSENT 2=PRESENT
#7A EAR (UNHUSKED DATA)
COLOR/DATA
6/PALE YELLOW SILK COLOR (3 DAYS AFTER EMERGE) **MUNSELL
CODE-5Y 8/6
2/MEDIUM GREEN FRESH HUSK (25 DAYS AFTER 50% SILK)
**MUNSELL CODE-5GY 5/8
22/TAN DRY HUSK COLOR (65 DAYS AFTER 50% SILK
**MUNSELL CODE-2.5Y 8/4
1 POSITION OF EAR AT DRY HUSK:
1=UPRIGHT 2=HORIZONTAL 3=PENDENT
5 HUSK TIGHTNESS (1=VERY LOOSE TO 9=VERY TIGHT)
2 HUSK EXTENSION AT HARVEST:
1=EXPOSED EAR 2=BCM 3=8-10CM 4=>10CM
#7B EAR (HUSKED DATA)
DATA
2 KERNEL ROWS: 1=INDISTINCT 2=DISTINCT
1 ROW ALIGNMENT: 1=STRAIT 2=SLIGHT CURVE
3=SPIRAL
2 TAPPER: 1=STRAIT 2=AVERAGE 3=EXTREME
#8 KERNEL (DRY)
COLOR/DATA
1 ALEURONE COLOR PATTERN: 1=HOMO 2=SEG
8/YELLOW-ORANGE ALEURONE COLOR **MUNSELL CODE-2.5Y 8/10
8/YELLOW-ORANGE HARD ENDOSPERM COLOR **MUNSELL CODE-2.5Y 8/10
3 ENDOSPERM TYPE
7/YELLOW CROWN COLOR **MUNSELL CODE-2.5Y 8/10
#9 COB
11/PINK COB COLOR **MUNSELL CODE-2.5R
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7/8
COLOR CHOICES (Use in conjunction with Munsell color code to describe all
color choices
01=Light Green
02=Medium Green
03=Dark Green
04=Very Dark Green
05=GreenYellow
06=Pale Yellow
07=Yellow
08=YellowOrange
09=Salmon
10=PinkOrange
11=Pink
12=Light Red
13=Cherry Red
14=Red
15=Red & White
16=Pale Purple
17=Purple
18=Colorless
19=White
20=White Capped
21=Buff
22=Tan
23=Brown
24=Bronze
25=Variegated (Describe)
26=Other (Describe)
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#10 INBRED ZS1791
N MEAN STD.
T-STAT
PROB
95% CI
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EAR HEIGHT(CM) 15
55.33
5.43
39.44
0.0000
(52.58,58.08)
LENGTH OF PRIMARY EAR LEAF(CM)
15
86.93
5.22
64.55
0.0000
(84.29,89.57)
WIDTH OF PRIMARY EAR LEAF(CM)
15
8.80 0.37
92.52
0.0000
( 8.61, 8.99)
TOP EAR INTERNODE(CM) 15
9.50 0.71
52.03
0.0000
( 9.14, 9.86)
DEGREE OF LEAF ANGLE 15
33.27
6.49
19.86
0.0000
(29.98,36.55)
# OF EARS PER PLANT 15
1.67 0.49
13.23
0.0000
( 1.42, 1.91)
# OF LEAVES ABOVE TOP EAR 15
6.13 0.35
67.51
0.0000
( 5.96, 6.31)
# OF PRIMARY LATERAL TASSEL BRANCHES
15
6.00 1.00
23.24
0.0000
( 5.49, 6.51)
PLANT HEIGHT(CM) 15
129.8
6.28
80.03
0.0000
(126.6,133.0)
TASSEL LENGTH(CM) 15
37.87
3.38
43.42
0.0000
(36.16,39.58)
TASSEL BRANCH ANGLE 15
21.27
4.40
18.72
0.0000
(19.04,23.49)
# OF TILLER PER PLANTS 15
0.00 0.00 ( 0.00, 0.00)
WEIGHT PER 100 KERNELS(GM)
15
26.31
2.13
47.90
0.0000
(25.24,27.39)
EAR LENGTH(CM) 15
15.01
0.70
82.49
0.0000
(14.65,15.36)
EAR WEIGHT(GM) 15
143.8
20.32
27.41
0.0000
(133.5,154.0)
# OF KERNEL ROWS 15
15.87
1.92
31.97
0.0000
(14.89,16.84)
COB DIAMETER AT MID-POINT(mm)
15
25.51
0.61
162.2
0.0000
(25.20,25.82)
EAR DIAMETER AT MID-POINT(mm)
15
44.14
1.90
89.82
0.0000
(43.18,45.10)
KERNEL LENGTH(mm) 15
11.53
0.81
54.98
0.0000
(11.12,11.94)
KERNEL THICKNESS(mm) 15
4.46 0.48
35.93
0.0000
( 4.22, 4.70)
KERNEL WIDTH(mm) 15
7.43 0.61
47.27
0.0000
( 7.13, 7.74)
% ROUND KERNELS(SHAPE GRADE)
15
26.69
8.27
12.51
0.0000
(22.51,30.88)
SHANK LENGTH 15
7.83 0.88
34.40
0.0000
( 7.38, 8.27)
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#11 DISEASE RESISTANCE
Common corn rust = 4.8
Northern leaf blight = 4
Gray leaf spot = 4
Maize dwarf mosaic virus strain B = 1
#12 The parents of this inbred are LH132/LH117. The inbreds
having comparable maturity/combining ability, and genetic makeup
are ZS0441 and ZS0740. ZS1791 is most often used as the
emasculated female parent in hybrid combination.
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The Munsell code is a reference book of color which is known and used in the industry and by persons with ordinary skill in the art of plant breeding.
The purity and homozygosity of inbred ZS1791 is constantly being tracked using isozyme genotypes as shown in Table 2.
Isozyme Genotypes for ZS1791
Isozyme data were generated for inbred corn line ZS1791 according to procedures known and published in the art. The data in Table 2 gives the electrophoresis data on ZS1791.
TABLE 2
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ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS FOR ZS1791
INBRED
ACP1
ACP4
ADH MDH1
MDH2
PGD1
PGD2
PH1
PGM IDH2
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ZS1791
33 55 22 22 11 11 11 22 22 22
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Inbred and Hybrid Performance of ZS1791
The traits and characteristics of inbred corn line ZS1791 are listed to compare with other inbreds and/or in hybrid combination. ZS1791 data show some of the important characteristics and traits.
Table 3A compares ZS1791 with its parent LH132. ZS1791 has a significantly higher rating for early seedling vigor and has a significantly larger number of plants emerging than does LH132. ZS1791 has significantly poorer germination in warm conditions than does LH132. ZS1791 is a shorter plant and has a lower ear placement than LH132. ZS1791 has lower moisture at harvest and a better recorded grain yield at harvest.
TABLE 3A
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PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA
YEAR INBRED
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PCT PLANT EAR EAR
VIGOR EMERGE
TILLER
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
SHED QUALITY
BARREN
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OVERALL
ZS1791
7.5 83.7 142.2 53.7 2.3 2.7
LH132 6.7 76.0 163.3 62.5 2.5 2.6
# EXPTS
7 7 7 7 7 7
DIFF 0.8 7.7 21.0 8.8 0.2 0.1
PROB 0.074***
0.063*** 0.000*
0.033**
0.253 0.356
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HEATP10
HEATP50
HEATP90
HEATS10
HEATS50
HEATS90
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OVERALL
ZS1791
1421 1475 1556 1467 1506 1552
LH132 1419 1474 1544 1450 1504 1545
# EXPTS
7 7 7 7 7 7
DIFF 1 1 12 16 2 7
PROB 0.871 0.909 0.414 0.089***
0.866 0.638
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%
HEAT- BL % ROOT
% STALK
DROPPED
PEEK HEATBL
MOIST LODGE LODGE EARS MOISTURE
YIELD
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OVERALL
ZS1791
1377 2582 29.5 10.5 85.6
LH132 1354 2566 28.5 10.7 79.1
# EXPTS
7 1 1 7 7
DIFF 23 16 1.0 0.3 6.5
PROB 0.022** 0.366
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WARM COLD % LRG % LRG % MED % MED % SML % SML
GERM GERM ROUND FLAT ROUND FLAT ROUND FLAT
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OVERALL
ZS1791
94.0 88.1 8.9 11.4 23.2 44.7 4.7 4.9
LH132 96.6 90.5 8.1 10.4 24.6 44.4 5.1 5.8
# EXPTS
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
DIFF 2.6 2.5 0.8 1.1 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.9
PROB 0.011**
0.237 0.237 0.162 0.245
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Table 3B compares ZS1791 with its other parent LH117. ZS1791 is a significantly shorter plant and has lower ear placement. ZS1791 flowers earlier (HeatP10-90, HeatS10-90)than LH117. ZS1791 has less moisture at harvest and almost 20 bushels better grain yield across six experiments. ZS1791 has significantly less plants germinating under warm conditions than does ZS1791.
TABLE 3B
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PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA
YEAR INBRED
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PCT PLANT EAR EAR
VIGOR EMERGE
TILLER
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
SHED QUALITY
BARREN
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OVERALL
ZS1791
7.3 84.6 141.8 52.5 2.2 2.7
LH117 7.0 82.6 160.7 77.5 2.5 2.8
# EXPTS
6 6 6 6 6 6
DIFF 0.3 2.0 18.8 25.0 0.3 0.2
PROB 0.175 0.694 0.008*
0.005*
0.102 0.175
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HEATP10
HEATP50
HEATP90
HEATS10
HEATS50
HEATS90
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OVERALL
ZS1791
1410 1462 1539 1458 1496 1541
LH117 1519 1572 1633 1562 1599 1635
# EXPTS
6 6 6 6 6 6
DIFF 109 110 94 104 103 94
PROB 0.000*
0.000*
0.000*
0.000*
0.000*
0.001*
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%
HEAT- BL % ROOT
% STALK
DROPPED
PEEK HEATBL
MOIST LODGE LODGE EARS MOISTURE
YIELD
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OVERALL
ZS1791
1367 2582 29.5 10.4 83.2
LH117 1455 2592 35.5 11.6 63.6
# EXPTS
6 1 1 6 6
DIFF 88 9 6.0 1.2 19.6
PROB 0.000* 0.119
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WARM COLD % LRG % LRG % MED % MED % SML % SML
GERM GERM ROUND FLAT ROUND FLAT ROUND FLAT
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OVERALL
ZS1791
93.7 88.8 8.9 10.9 24.4 44.0 5.0 4.8
LH117 96.3 91.4 3.1 4.2 31.8 41.7 9.8 7.4
# EXPTS
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
DIFF 2.6 2.6 5.8 6.7 7.5 2.3 4.7 2.5
PROB 0.037**
0.257 0.074***
0.022**
0.012**
__________________________________________________________________________
Table 3C compares ZS1791 with ZS0441 across five experiments. ZS1791 is a short plant with lower ear placement than ZS0441. ZS1791 has less pollen shed and less plant germination in warm conditions than ZS0441. ZS1791 reaches heat peek later than ZS0441 and has more early seedling vigor and emergence than does ZS1791. ZS1791 had lower grain moisture at harvest and higher yield than did ZS0441.
TABLE 3C
__________________________________________________________________________
PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA
YEAR INBRED
__________________________________________________________________________
PCT PLANT EAR EAR
VIGOR EMERGE
TILLER
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
SHED QUALITY
BARREN
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
7.1 84.6 141.2 50.8 2.0 2.6
ZS0441
6.6 77.7 162.8 62.2 2.6 2.7
# EXPTS
5 5 5 5 5 5
DIFF 0.5 8.2 21.6 11.4 0.6 0.1
PROB 0.582 0.158 0.002*
0.012**
0.033**
0.374
__________________________________________________________________________
HEATP10
HEATP50
HEATP90
HEATS10
HEATS50
HEATS90
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
1396 1444 1514 1446 1482 1526
ZS0441
1388 1431 1510 1427 1471 1526
# EXPTS
5 5 5 5 5 5
DIFF 8 13 4 19 11 0
PROB 0.444 0.288 0.816 0.146 0.536 0.996
__________________________________________________________________________
%
HEAT- BL % ROOT
% STALK
DROPPED
PEEK HEATBL
MOIST LODGE LODGE EARS MOISTURE
YIELD
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
1354 2582 29.5 10.2 79.8
ZS0441
1330 2482 33.5 10.6 77.8
# EXPTS
5 1 1 5 5
DIFF 23 100 4.0 0.4 2.0
PROB 0.083*** 0.572
__________________________________________________________________________
WARM COLD % LRG % LRG % MED % MED % SML % SML
GERM GERM ROUND FLAT ROUND FLAT ROUND FLAT
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
93.2 89.9 9.0 10.1 25.9 42.9 5.4 4.8
ZS0441
96.5 92.1 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 3.5 1.6
# EXPTS
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
DIFF 3.3 2.2 10.1 11.9 1.0 14.9 1.9 3.2
PROB 0.012**
0.444 0.005*
0.046**
0.430
__________________________________________________________________________
Table 3D compares ZS1791 with ZS0740. ZS1791 flowers earlier than ZS0740. ZS1791 is a shorter stature plant with lower ear placement than ZS0740. ZS1791 has less germination under warm conditions than ZS0740 and ZS1791 requires less heat units to reach heat peek.
TABLE 3D
__________________________________________________________________________
PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA
YEAR INBRED
__________________________________________________________________________
PCT PLANT EAR EAR
VIGOR EMERGE
TILLER
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
SHED QUALITY
BARREN
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
7.3 84.6 141.8 52.5 2.2 2.7
ZS0740
7.0 73.5 180.3 77.0 2.3 2.5
# EXPTS
3 3 3 3 3 3
DIFF 0.3 11.1 38.5 24.6 0.2 0.2
PROB 0.529 0.326 0.018**
0.096***
0.423 0.423
__________________________________________________________________________
HEATP10
HEATP50
HEATP90
HEATS10
HEATS50
HEATS90
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
1410 1462 1539 1458 1496 1541
ZS0740
1436 1487 1558 1474 1510 1554
# EXPTS
3 3 3 3 3 3
DIFF 26 24 19 16 14 13
PROB 0.020**
0.001*
0.244 0.051***
0.357 0.524
__________________________________________________________________________
%
HEAT- BL % ROOT
% STALK
DROPPED
PEEK HEATBL
MOIST LODGE LODGE EARS MOISTURE
YIELD
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
1367 2582 29.5 10.4 83.2
ZS0740
1388 2627 33.0 11.3 70.7
# EXPTS
3 1 1 3 3
DIFF 21 45 3.5 0.9 12.5
PROB 0.034** 0.502
__________________________________________________________________________
WARM COLD % LRG % LRG % MED % MED % SML % SML
GERM GERM ROUND FLAT ROUND FLAT ROUND FLAT
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
93.7 88.8 8.9 10.9 24.4 44.0 5.0 4.8
ZS0740
96.5 91.5 14.4 21.7 24.8 33.3 3.3 1.8
# EXPTS
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
DIFF 2.8 2.7 5.5 10.8 0.4 10.7 1.7 3.1
PROB 0.060***
0.616 0.036**
0.175 0.876
__________________________________________________________________________
Table 3E compares ZS1791 with B73 which is a significantly taller plant with higher ear placement. ZS1791 has lower grain moisture at harvest and higher grain yield than B73. ZS1791 flowers earlier than B73 and ZS1791 requires less units to reach Heat Peek than B73. ZS1791 has lower numbers of plants germinating in warm conditions and higher numbers of plant germinating in cold conditions than B73.
TABLE 3E
__________________________________________________________________________
PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA
YEAR INBRED
__________________________________________________________________________
PCT PLANT EAR EAR PCT
VIGOR EMERGE
TILLER
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
SHED QUALITY
BARREN
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
6.8 87.8 140.3 48.3 1.8 2.5
B73 6.8 77.5 198.1 92.1 1.8 2.8
# EXPTS
2 2 2 2 2 2
DIFF 0.0 10.3 57.8 43.8 0.0 0.3
PROB 1.000 0.600 0.021**
0.119 0.500
__________________________________________________________________________
HEATP10
HEATP50
HEATP90
HEATS10
HEATS50
HEATS90
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
1374 1416 1478 1428 1461 1502
B73 1416 1453 1492 1460 1495 1537
# EXPTS
2 2 2 2 2 2
DIFF 41 36 14 32 34 34
PROB 0.040**
0.068***
0.678 0.035**
0.361 0.408
__________________________________________________________________________
%
HEAT- BL % ROOT
% STALK
DROPPED
PEEK HEATBL
MOIST LODGE LODGE EARS MOISTURE
YIELD
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
1334 2582 29.5 10.0 74.7
B73 1375 2598 33.5 11.1 54.0
# EXPTS
2 1 1 2 2
DIFF 41 16 4.0 1.1 20.7
PROB 0.073*** 0.623
__________________________________________________________________________
WARM COLD % LRG % LRG % MED % MED % SML % SML
GERM GERM ROUND FLAT ROUND FLAT ROUND FLAT
__________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL
ZS1791
92.5 91.5 9.0 8.9 28.3 41.3 5.9 4.7
B73 98.8 88.3 6.9 4.5 35.1 35.5 10.1 6.4
# EXPTS
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
DIFF 6.3 3.3 2.2 4.4 6.8 5.9 4.2 1.6
PROB 0.126 0.386 0.801 0.514 0.455
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 4
__________________________________________________________________________
N Y/M
GI YLD
MST
% SL
% RL
DE TWT RM
__________________________________________________________________________
LH132
27,394
-0.2
0.4
0.2
-0.8
0.1 0.2 0.0
.2 121
LH117
1,018
+0.0
-0.2
5.7
-0.7
-2.1
-1.2
0.0
-0.5
129
ZS1791*
251 0.0
2.7
3.9
-0.6
0.3 0.5 0.1
-0.1
124
ZS0441
14,041
-0.1
.1 .5 -0.9
0.1 -0.4
0.0
-0.4
117
B73 82 0.1
-0.1
2.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
0.0
-0.6
124
ZS1791
251 0.3 0.5 0.1
-0.1
124
__________________________________________________________________________
*Single hybrid comparison
Table 4 shows the GCA (general combining ability) estimates of ZS1791 compared with the GCA estimates of the other inbreds. The estimates show the general combining ability is weighted by the number of experiment/location combinations in which the specific hybrid combination occurs. The interpretation of the data for all traits is that a positive comparison is a practical advantage. A negative comparison is a practical disadvantage. The general combining ability of an inbred is clearly evidenced by the results of the general combining ability estimates. These data compare the inbred parent in a number of hybrid combinations to a group of "checks". The check data is from other companies' hybrids, particularly the leader in the industry and ICI Seeds' commercial products and pre-commercial hybrids which were grown in the same sets and locations.
The present inbred has a 0.0 yield by moisture rating which is higher than its parent LH132 which is a -0.2 and is higher than ZS0441 at -0.1. It is less than B73 at 0.1 and ZS1791 is equivalent to its other parent LH117. The GI index OF ZS1791 is higher than ZS0441 and B73 and LH132 and LH117. ZS1791 has higher grain yield at harvest than LH132, ZS0441 and B73 and less than LH117. ZS1791 has a better moisture rating than LH132, LH117, ZS0441 and a lower rating than B73. ZS1791 has better agronomic traits such as stalk lodging, root lodging, and dropped ears than does any of its parents or many of the comparisons.
TABLE 5
______________________________________
YIELD RESPONSE
HYBRIDS YIELD
______________________________________
Hybrid containing ZS1791
70 97 124 152 179 206
Environment 75 100 125 150 175 200
______________________________________
Table 5 shows that ZS1791 does fair in low yielding environments and performs increasingly well in medium to high yielding environments. This ZS1791 hybrid does well in irrigated and high yield environments and may perform below expected levels in excessively wet environments.
In high yielding environments as evidenced in 1991-1992, a hybrid containing ZS1791 was superior to commercial hybrids 8344, 8310, and 8272. The ZS1791 hybrid was equal with 8344 and 8272 in the wet 1993 season.
TABLE 6
__________________________________________________________________________
ECB1 ECB2 ECB2 Tunnelling
Visual
# Years
Standard
# Years
cm of # Years
INBRED
Rating
Tested
Rating
Tested
Tunnelling
Tested
__________________________________________________________________________
ZS1791
6.6 2 5.7 2 26.0 2
LH132 4.4 11 4.3 11 22.0 10
LH117 5.7 11 5.3 11 15.5 10
ZS0441
4.8 7 5.5 7 22.8 7
B73 4.4 12 2.5 12 28.0 11
__________________________________________________________________________
Clearly ZS1791 has a higher ECBI rating at 6.6 than either parent and a higher ECBII rating than either parent. Additionally, these ZS1791 ratings are superior to ZS0441 and B73.
Although not listed on a chart above, the ZS1791 inbred has an excellent SCLB rating of 8 for this corn disease resistance.
ZS1791 makes an outstanding hybrid for the Western Corn Belt. When comparing ZS1791 X CT to our other commercial hybrids with CT in their pedigree using only western data, ZS1791 hybrid beats 8400 by 13 bu. and 8344 by 12.8 bu. when averaged over the past three years. Both of these comparisons are statistically significant. The ZS1791 hybrid also beats our other hybrids in the same maturity including 8543 (16.4 bu.), 8326IT (25.4 bu.) and 8321 (11.1 bu.).
The present inbred is often used as the female (the emasculated plant which produces the hybrid seed in a hybrid production field). This plant evidences excellent ability to yield in hybrid combination in western soils especially under irrigation. This inbred and its hybrid do well in drought stress but less well in low yield or excessively wet environments. This inbred is characterized by stalk strength and excellent ECBI and ECBII ratings and an excellent SCLB rating.
TABLE 7
__________________________________________________________________________
HYBRID SUMMARY
ZS1791/TESTER
__________________________________________________________________________
PERFORMANCE DATA
HYBRID N FI GI YM YLD MST % SL % RL % DE TWT
__________________________________________________________________________
8326 56 -1.2 -0.5 -0.3 -5.4 -0.3 0.7 1.4 0.1 -1.0
8344 63 3.1 1.9 0.3 3.4 0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.8
8232 65 4.1 3.1 0.3 4.2 0.4 1.3 0.0 -0.0 0.2
__________________________________________________________________________
PATHOLOGY/ENTOMOLOGY DATA
HYBRID CB1 CB2 EYE CS GW GLS NLB SLB DER SW
__________________________________________________________________________
ZS1791/TESTER 3 7 8
8326 6 4 4 6 3 4 6 6
8344 5 4 4 7 8 5 8 7 5 7
8272 6 5 8 8 3 5 7 4 9
__________________________________________________________________________
HYBRID CLN MDMVB VCSCR
__________________________________________________________________________
ZS1791/TESTER
2 4 13
8326 3 2 24
8344 4 3 24
8272 4 3 33
__________________________________________________________________________
AGRONOMIC DATA
EAR PLANT STAY HEAT-
HEAT-
HYBRID N ESTAND
VIGOR
HEIGHT HEIGHT
PCTTIL
GREEN
P50 s50
__________________________________________________________________________
8326 8 -2.3 -0.8 1.1 -5.1 -0.8 0.4 -2.8 10.4
8344 8 -2.3 0.1 -2.0 -4.2 1.0 -0.1 -14.0
-8.5
8272 8 -1.2 0.3 1.0 -0.3 5.0 0.1 -24.1
-23.1
__________________________________________________________________________
HYBRID BLMC
HEATBL
__________________________________________________________________________
8326 -7.9
8344 -5.9
8272 -15.1
__________________________________________________________________________
The ratings given in this table are given relative to the ZS1791 tester hybrid. A positive rating indicates the ZS1791 tester has a positive advantage over the listed hybrid. For example, 8326 yields 5.4 more than ZS1791/tester and is 0.3 lower grain moisture at harvest. ZS1791/tester has better stalk lodging and root lodging and dropped ears than 8326 across 1991-1993. With the exception of % stalk lodging, ZS1791 hybrid was superior in performance data to 8344. ZS1791 hybrid was superior in all performance data ratings to 8272.
The foregoing is set forth by way of example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
This invention also is directed to methods for producing a corn plant by crossing a first parent corn plant with a second parent corn plant wherein the first or second parent corn plant is an inbred corn plant from the line ZS1791. Further, both first and second parent corn plants can come from the inbred corn line ZS1791. A variety of breeding methods can be selected depending on the mode of reproduction, the trait, the condition of the germplasm. Thus, any such methods using the inbred corn line ZS1791 are part of this invention: selfing, backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and the like.
Various culturing techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as haploid, transformation, and a host of other conventional and unconventional methods are within the scope of the invention. All plants and plant cells produced using inbred corn line ZS1791 are within the scope of this invention. The invention encompasses the inbred corn line used in crosses with other, different, corn inbreds to produce (F1) corn hybrid seeds and plants with the characteristics that make good hybrids. This invention includes cells which upon growth and differentiation produce corn plants having the physiological and morphological characteristics of the inbred line ZS1791.
Duncan, from at least 1985-1988 produced literature on plant regeneration from callus. Both inbred and hybrid callus have resulted in regenerated plants at excellent efficiency rates. Somatic embryogenesis has been performed on various maize tissue such as glume which before the 1980's was considered unuseable for this purpose. The prior art clearly teaches the regeneration of plants from various maize tissues.
Stauffer Chemical, the predecessor to Zeneca Ag Chem, in European Patent Application, publication 160,390, incorporated herein by reference describes tissue culture of corn. Corn tissue culture procedures are also described in the literature as early as 1982.
A deposit of at least 2500 seeds of the inbred seed of of this invention is maintained by ICI Seeds, 2369 330th Street, Slater, Iowa 50244. Access to this deposit will be available during the pendency of this application to the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks and persons determined by the Commissioner to be entitled thereto upon request. All restrictions on availability to the public of such material are removed upon issuance of the patent. The Applicant made a deposit of at least 2500 seeds of Inbred Corn Line ZS1791 with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), located at 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852. The ATCC Accession No. is 97626. The seeds were deposited with the ATCC on Jun. 26, 1996 and were taken from the inbred seed deposit maintained by ICI Seeds. The ATCC deposit will be maintained in that depository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the last request, or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if it becomes nonviable during that period. Additionally, Applicant has satisfied all the requirements of 37 C.F.R. .sctn..sctn.1.801-1.809, including providing an indication of the viability of the sample.
Inbreds designated LH are available from Holden Foundation Seed, Inc. in Iowa. Inbreds designated MBS are available from Mike Brayton Seed in Iowa. Inbreds designated SGI are available from Seed Genetic Inc. in N.J. Information on the ZS designations may be available from the PVP office.
Accordingly, the present invention has been described with some degree of particularity directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be appreciated, though, that the present invention is defined by the following claims contrued in light of the prior art so that modifications or changes may be made to the preferred embodiment of the present invention without departing from the inventive concepts contained herein.
Claims
1. Inbred corn seed designated ZS1791 seed of which has been deposited in the ATCC under deposit number 97626.
2. A corn plant produced by the seed of claim 1.
3. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of ZS1791 seed of which has been deposited in the ATCC under deposit number 97626.
4. A tissue culture according to claim 3, the tissue culture selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, roots, root tips, anthers, silk, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, husks and stalks, and cells and protoplasts thereof.
5. A corn plant having all the physiological and morphological traits of ZS1791 seed of which has been deposited in the ATCC under deposit number 97626 and regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 3.
6. Hybrid seed produced by:
- (a) planting, in pollinating proximity, seeds of corn inbred lines ZS1791 seed of which has been deposited in the ATCC under deposit number 97626 and another inbred line;
- (b) cultivating corn plants resulting from said planting;
- (c) preventing pollen production by the plants of one of the inbred lines;
- (d) allowing natural cross pollinating to occur between said inbred lines; and
- (e) harvesting seeds produced on plants of the inbred line of step (c).
7. Hybrid seed produced by hybrid combination of plants of inbred corn seed designated ZS1791 seed of which has been deposited in the ATCC under deposit number 97626 and plants of another inbred line.
8. Hybrid plants grown from seed of claim 7.
9. A first generation (F1) hybrid corn plant produced by the process of:
- (a) planting, in pollinating proximity, seeds of corn inbred lines ZS1791 seed of which has been deposited in the ATCC under deposit number 97626 and another inbred line;
- (b) cultivating corn plants resulting from said planting;
- (c) preventing pollen production by the plants of one of the inbred lines;
- (d) allowing natural cross pollinating to occur between said inbred lines;
- (e) harvesting seeds produced on plants of the inbred line of step (c); and
- (f) growing a harvested seed of step (e).
10. A tissue culture of the regenerable cells of the corn plant of claim 8.
11. A tissue culture of the regenerable cells of the corn plant of claim 9.
- Phillips, et al., "Cell/Tissue Culture and In Vitro Manipulation", In Corn & Corn Improvement, 3rd Ed., ASA Publication, #18, pp. 345-349 & 356-357 (1988). Poehlman, John Milton, Breeding Field Crop, AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Connecticut, pp. 237-246 (1987). Rao, K. V., et al., "Somatic Embyrogenesis in Glume Callus Cultures", Osmania University, Hyberabad, India. Sass (1977) "Morphology", In Corn & Corn Improvement. ASA Publication. Madison, WI., pp. 89-109. Songstad, David D., David R.Duncan, and Jack M. Widholm. "Effect of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, silver nitrate, and norbornadiene on plant regeneration from maize callus cultures", Plant Cell Reports, 7:262-265 (1988). Tomes, et al, "The Effect of Parental Genotype on Initiation of Embyrogenic Callus from Elite Maize (Zea mays 1.) Germplasm". Theor. Appl. Genet. 70, pp. 505-509. (1985). Troyer, et al., "Selection for Early Flowering in Corn: 10 Late Synthetics". Crop Science, vol. 25, pp. 695-697 (1985). Umbeck, et al. "Reversion of Male-Sterile T-Cytoplasm Maize to Male Fertility in Tissue Culture", Crop Science vol. 23, pp. 584-588 (1983). Wright, H., "Commercial Hybrid Seed Production", Hybridization of Crop Plants, pp. 161-176, (1980). Wych, R. D., "Production of Hybrid Seed Corn"; Corn and Corn Improvement, pp. 565-607 (1988). Cole, E. H., and M. G. Neuffer. The Genetics of Corn, p. 111. Conger, B. V., F. J. Novak, R. Afza, and K. Erdelsky. "Somatic embryogenesis from cultured leaf segments of Zea mays", Plant Cell Reports, 6:345-347 (1987). Duncan, D. R., M. E. Williams, B. E. Zehr and J. M. Widholm. "The production of callus capable of plant regeneration from immature embryos of numerous Zea mays geotypes", Planta, 165:322-332 (1985). Edallo, et al., "Chromosomal Variation and Frequency of Spontaneous Mutation Associated with in Vitro Culture and Plant Regeneration in Maize", Maydica XXVI, pp. 39-56 (1981). Forsberg, R. A. and R. R. Smith, "Sources, Maintenance, and Utilization of Parental Material", Hybridization of Crop Plants, Chapter, 4, pp. 65-81 (1980). Green, C. E. and R. L. Phillips, "Plant Regeneration from Tissue Cultures of Maize", Crop Science, vol. 15, pp. 417-421 (1975). Green, C. E. and C. A. Rhodes. "Plant Regeneration in Tissue Cultures of Maize", Maize for Biological Research, pp. 367-372 (1982). Hallauer, et al, "Corn Breeding", Corn and Corn Improvement pp. 463-564 (1988). Sprague et al, eds. Lowe, Keith. Patent Application 0 160 390. Meghji, M. R., J. W. Dudley, R. J. Lambert, and G. F. Sprague. "Inbreeding Depression, Inbred and Hybrid Grain Yields, and Other Traits of Maize Genotypes Representing Three Eras". Crop Science, vol. 24, pp. 545-549 (1984).
Type: Grant
Filed: Mar 28, 1995
Date of Patent: Dec 17, 1996
Assignee: Zeneca Limited (London)
Inventor: Scott N. Kelly (Doniphan, NE)
Primary Examiner: Gary Benzion
Attorney: Dana Rewoldt
Application Number: 8/412,365
International Classification: A01H 500; A01H 400; A01H 100; C12N 504;
