Apparatus and method for combining electrical signals
An apparatus and method are presented for combining electrical signals. The apparatus includes a phase-shift distributed element with an input to accept a first signal and an output to supply the first signal with a phase-shift; and a filter with a first signal port connected to the phase-shift element output, a second signal port to accept a second signal, and a third signal port to supply combined and filtered first and second signals. The phase-shift element has a signal path with a predetermined length and the phase-shift element output supplies the first signal with a phase angle shift responsive to the length of the signal path. In one example, the phase-shift element is formed from monoblock and coaxial elements, either singly or in combination, and is a tank circuit resonator in the filter.
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This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/927,136, filed Aug. 10, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,825,818, which claims the benefit of Prov. App. No. 60/283,093, filed Apr. 11, 2001. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/120,938, filed Apr. 10, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,164,329, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/927,732, filed Aug. 8, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,176, which claims the benefit of Prov. App. No. 60/283,093, filed Apr. 11, 2001. U.S. application Ser. No. 10/120,938 is further a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/904,631, filed Jul. 13, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,251, which claims the benefit of Prov. App. No. 60/283,093, filed Apr. 11, 2001. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/685,239, filed Oct. 14, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,885,263, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/904,631, filed Jul. 13, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,251, which claims the benefit of Prov. App. No. 60/283,093, filed Apr. 11, 2001. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/750,304, filed Dec. 31, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,927,644, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/927,732, filed Aug. 8, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,176, which claims the benefit of U.S. Prov. App. No. 60/283,093, filed Apr. 11, 2001.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to signal processing and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for phase-shifting, combining, and filtering electrical signals.
2. Description of the Related Art
Unfortunately, there are disadvantages associated with the lumped element system in
It would be advantageous if a system could efficiently phase-shift, combine, and filter signals at frequencies greater than 200 MHz.
It would be advantageous to reduce the size and cost of a system to phase-shift, combine, and filter signals.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention addresses operations on electrical signals. The invention recognizes that electrical signals, in particular, communications signals, require phase-shifting, combining, and filtering at higher frequencies while using minimal space in a respective device. The invention addresses these problems by using a distributed element to phase-shift signals.
Accordingly, a system is provided for combining electrical signals. The system includes a phase-shift distributed element with an input to accept a first signal and an output to supply the first signal with a phase shift. The system also includes a filter with a first signal port connected to the phase-shift distributed element output, a second signal port to accept a second signal, and a third signal port to supply combined and filtered first and second signals. The phase-shift distributed element has a signal path with a predetermined length and a characteristic impedance. The phase-shift distributed element output supplies the first signal with a phase angle shift responsive to the length of the signal path. In one example, the phase-shift distributed element is formed from monoblock and coaxial elements, either singly or in combination, and is a first tank circuit resonator in the filter. The filter may also include another monoblock or a coaxial element used as a second tank circuit resonator. In some cases, the system includes a ferroelectric variable capacitor operatively connected to the phase-shift distributed element.
Additional details of the above-described system, and a method for combining electrical signals are provided below.
The filter 106 includes a first signal port to accept the phase-shifted first signal on line 110, a second signal port to accept a second signal on line 112, and a third signal port to supply combined and filtered phase-shifted first signals and second signals on line 114.
The PSDE 104 has a signal path 116 with a predetermined length 117 and a characteristic impedance. The PSDE 104 supplies the first signal on line 110 with a phase angle shift responsive to the length 117. As noted above, the PSDE 104 can act on the first signal as if it were a low-loss lumped component. Specifically, the PSDE 104 acts as an inductor with an inductance increasing as length 117 increases. Alternately stated, the PSDE acts in the same way as a transmission line “moving” a source impedance around the characteristic impedance of a Smith Chart with positive (clockwise) susceptance. In general, the distributed element inductance of PSDE 104 causes the phase shift of the signal on line 108.
In
In
For the configurations shown in
Returning to
Capacitor 602 has a signal port connected to line 108 and a signal port connected to line 605. Capacitor 604 has a signal port connected to line 605 and a signal port connected to ground 606 on line 608. In some aspects, the capacitor 602 has a control input to accept a variable capacitance control signal (VCCS) on a control input line 610 and includes a ferroelectric material (not shown) having a dielectric constant responsive to the VCCS on the line 610. In some aspects, the capacitor 604 has a control input to accept a VCCS on line 612 and includes a ferroelectric material (not shown) having a dielectric constant responsive to the VCCS on a control input line 612. In these aspects, the capacitance of the capacitors 602 and 604 varies as the dielectric constant of the respective ferroelectric materials change in response to the VCCS on control input lines 610 and 612, respectively. VCCS is generated by systems (not shown) outside of system 100. Frequency tuning can be achieved by changing the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric materials.
Adjusting the capacitors 602 and 604 is an interactive process involving the PSDE 104, the filter 106, as well as, the capacitors 602 and 604. That is, capacitors 602 and 604, PSDE 104, and filter 106 functions are interdependent. However, by assuming the simplified interaction of capacitors 602 and 604, PSDE 104, and filter 106 in the examples that follow, the general functions of capacitors 602 and 604 can be understood.
In some aspects, the capacitor 602 can be tuned to match an impedance source (not shown) providing the signal on line 108. Changing the impedance match in response to changing input signal frequencies enables the wireless communications device 102 to accept communications signals from multiple bands, for example, North American CDMA and Korean CDMA. In some aspects, the capacitor 604 can be tuned to provide variable phase shifting in PSDE 104. For example, if the fixed phase shift performed responsive to the signal path 116 length 117 does not produce the desired phase angle for the signal supplied on line 110, capacitor 604 can be tuned to augment the fixed phase shift as needed. In some aspects, the capacitors 602 and 604 also can be singly or jointly tuned to modify the resonant frequency in filter 106.
In some aspects, the tuning of capacitors 602 and 604 is fixed. For example, capacitor 604 could be tuned to provide an additional 3° phase shift of the signal on line 108. In some aspects, the tuning of capacitors 602 and 604 is adaptive. As noted above, the capacitance of the capacitors 602 and 604, and hence, the function of capacitors 602 and 604, changes in response to a VCCS accepted on lines 610 and 612, respectively. Therefore, a VCCS on line 612 could be used to vary the amount that capacitor 604 augments the phase shift performed by PSDE 104.
In some aspects, the system 100 includes a variable capacitor 614 with a signal port connected to line 605 and a signal port connected to line 110. In some aspects, the capacitor 614 has a control input to accept a VCCS on a control input line 616 and includes a ferroelectric material (not shown) having a dielectric constant responsive to the VCCS on the control input line 616. In these aspects, the capacitance of the capacitor 614 varies as the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric material changes in response to the VCCS on the control input line 616.
In some aspects, shifting phase in Step 706 includes using a first monoblock element in the distributed element. Then, filtering the combined signal in Step 716 includes using the first monoblock element as a filter first tank circuit resonator. In some aspects, shifting phase using a first monoblock element in the distributed element includes connecting the first monoblock element in series with a first coaxial element. In some aspects, filtering the combined signals in Step 716 includes using a second monoblock element in a filter second tank circuit resonator.
In some aspects, connecting the first monoblock element in series with a first coaxial element includes pinning together the first monoblock and coaxial elements. In some aspects, connecting the first monoblock element in series with a first coaxial element includes wire bonding the first monoblock and coaxial elements.
In some aspects, shifting phase in Step 706 includes using a second coaxial element in the distributed element. Then, filtering the combined signal in Step 716 includes using the second coaxial element as a filter first tank circuit resonator. In some aspects, using a second coaxial element in the distributed element includes connecting the second coaxial element in series with a third coaxial element. Then, filtering the combined signals in Step 716 includes using a fourth coaxial element in a filter second tank circuit resonator.
In some aspects, shifting the phase of the first signal responsive to the length in Step 712 includes shifting the phase of the first signal 180°.
In some aspects, accepting a first signal in Step 702 includes accepting a first signal with a first phase angle. Then, accepting a second signal in Step 704 includes accepting the first signal with a second phase angle different than the first phase angle. Then, shifting the phase of the first signal responsive to the length in Step 712 includes shifting the first signal a third phase angle equal to the difference between the first and second phase angles.
In some aspects, the method includes a Step 707 using a variable impedance element in association with the distributed element. Then, shifting the phase of the first signal using a distributed element in Step 706 includes variably shifting the phase of the first signal using the variable impedance element. Then, accepting a first signal in Step 702 includes impedance matching to a first signal source using the variable impedance element. Then, filtering the combined signal in Step 716 includes adjusting a resonance frequency using the variable impedance element.
In some aspects using a variable impedance element in Step 707 includes using a ferroelectric (FE) capacitor as follows: forming the FE capacitor using a FE dielectric; supplying a bias voltage to the FE dielectric; and changing the dielectric constant of the FE dielectric in response to the bias voltage.
An apparatus and a method are provided for combining electrical signals. Examples of the present invention have been enabled with a wireless communications device. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to wireless communications devices, or to communications devices in general. The apparatus and method are applicable to any electrical device accepting, generating, or processing electrical signals. Other variations and embodiments of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art.
Although the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, the description is only an example of the invention's application and should not be taken as a limitation. Consequently, various adaptations and combinations of features of the embodiments disclosed are within the scope of the invention as encompassed by the following claims.
Claims
1. An apparatus for combining electrical signals, the apparatus comprising:
- a phase-shift distributed element comprising: a first monoblock element; a signal path having a predetermined length and a characteristic impedance; an input to accept a first signal on the signal path; and an output to supply the first signal with a phase shift responsive to the predetermined length of the signal path; and
- a filter for combining and filtering the first signal and a second signal, comprising: a first tank circuit resonator comprising the first monoblock; a first signal port connected to the phase-shift distributed element output; a second signal port to accept the second signal; and a third signal port to output the combined and filtered first signal and second signal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 the predetermined length of the signal path is a fraction of a guided wavelength of the first signal.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the phase-shift distributed element includes the first monoblock element connected in series to a first coaxial element, the first monoblock and the first coaxial element interposed between the input and the output of the phase-shift distributed element.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the filter further comprises a pin connecting the first monoblock element to the first coaxial element.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the filter further comprises a wire bond connecting the first monoblock element to the first coaxial element.
6. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the phase-shift distributed element further comprises a second coaxial element; and,
- wherein the first tank circuit resonator comprises the second coaxial element.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the filter includes a third coaxial element used as a second tank circuit resonator.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the filter further comprises a second monoblock element used as a second tank circuit resonator.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the phase-shift distributed element output supplies the first signal with a 180° phase shift.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the phase-shift distributed element input accepts the first signal with a first phase angle;
- wherein the filter second port accepts the first signal with a second phase angle different than the first phase angle; and,
- wherein the phase-shift distributed element output supplies the first signal with a third phase angle equal to the second phase angle.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
- a variable capacitor operatively connected to the phase-shift distributed element.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the variable capacitor has a control input to accept variable capacitance control signals and includes a ferroelectric material having a dielectric constant responsive to the variable capacitance control signals.
13. A method for combining electrical signals, the method comprising:
- accepting a first signal;
- accepting a second signal;
- conducting the first signal along a signal path in a first monoblock of a distributed element, the signal path having a predetermined length and a characteristic impedance;
- shifting the phase of the first signal responsive to the predetermined length of the signal path of the distributed element;
- combining the phase-shifted first signal and the second signal; and
- filtering the combined signal using a first tank circuit resonator, the first tank circuit resonator comprising the first monoblock.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the distributed element further comprises a first coaxial element in series with the first monoblock.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein filtering the combined signals further comprises using a second monoblock element as a filter second tank circuit resonator.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein the first signal has a first phase angle;
- wherein the second signal has a second phase angle different than the first phase angle; and
- wherein shifting the phase of the first signal responsive to the predetermined length comprises shifting the phase of the first signal to a third phase angle equal to a difference between the first phase angle and the second phase angle.
17. The method of claim 13 further comprising variably shifting the phase of the first signal using a variable impedance element.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the first signal is provided by a first signal source, further comprising:
- providing an impedance match to the first signal source using the variable impedance element.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein filtering the combined signal includes adjusting a resonance frequency using the variable impedance element.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the variable impedance element is a ferroelectric (FE) capacitor comprising a ferroelectric (FE) material and connected to a bias voltage, the bias voltage for changing a dielectric constant of the FE material.
21. A device for combining electrical signals, the device comprising:
- a phase-shift distributed element (PDSE) comprising: a signal path having a length and a characteristic impedance; a PSDE input for accepting a first signal on the signal path, the first signal having a first phase angle; and a PSDE output for outputting the first signal with an output phase angle responsive to the length of the signal path; and
- a filter comprising: a first signal port connected to the PSDE output; a second signal port to accept a second signal, the second signal having a second phase angle different than the first phase angle, wherein the second phase angle of the second signal is equal to the output phase angle of the first signal; and a third signal port coupled to the first signal port and the second signal port for outputting a combined filtered signal.
22. The device of claim 21 wherein the filter further comprises a first tank circuit resonator connected between the first signal port and the second signal port.
23. The device of claim 21 wherein the PSDE further comprises a first monoblock element.
24. The device of claim 23 wherein the PSDE further comprises a first coaxial element in series with the first monoblock element.
25. The device of claim 24 wherein the first monoblock element further comprises:
- a second coaxial element connected to the first coaxial element; and
- a third coaxial element.
26. The device of claim 23 wherein the filter further comprises a first tank circuit resonator connected to the first signal port, the first tank circuit resonator having a first tank circuit inductance comprising an inductance of the first monoblock element.
27. The device of claim 21 further comprising:
- a variable impedance element for variably shifting the first phase angle of the first signal.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the variable impedance is a ferroelectric (FE) capacitor comprising:
- a FE dielectric having a dielectric constant;
- a bias voltage supplied to the FE dielectric, wherein the dielectric constant of the FE dielectric changes in response to the bias voltage.
29. A device for combining electrical signals, the device comprising:
- a phase-shift distributed element comprising: a signal path having a predetermined length and a characteristic impedance; an input to accept a first signal on the signal path; and an output to supply the first signal with a phase shift responsive to the predetermined length of the signal path; and
- a filter comprising: a first signal port connected to the phase-shift distributed element output; a first tank circuit resonator comprising at least a portion of the phase-shift distributed element; a second signal port to accept a second signal; and a third signal port to supply combined and filtered first and second signals.
30. The device of claim 29 wherein the phase-shift distributed element comprises a first dielectric monoblock.
31. The device of claim 29 wherein the filter further comprises a second tank circuit resonator comprising a second portion of the phase-shift distributed element.
32. The device of claim 29 wherein the phase shift distributed element further comprises an extension monoblock connected in series with the first dielectric monoblock.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Oct 26, 2004
Date of Patent: May 22, 2007
Patent Publication Number: 20050057322
Assignee: Kyocera Wireless Corp. (San Diego, CA)
Inventors: Stanley S. Toncich (San Diego, CA), Richard J. Camarillo (San Diego, CA)
Primary Examiner: Robert Pascal
Assistant Examiner: Kimberly E Glenn
Application Number: 10/974,391
International Classification: H01P 1/20 (20060101);