Drill chuck
A chuck including a body having a tail section and a nose section defining an axial bore. A plurality of jaws are movably disposed with respect to the axial bore and a nut is in threaded engagement with the jaws. A sleeve engages the nut so that rotation of the sleeve moves the jaws. A first ring defines a plurality of teeth and a second ring is rotatable relative to the nut over a limited arc and defines at least one pawl. In a first state, the second ring is non-rotatable relative to the first ring in both the opening and closing directions, and in a second state the first and second rings are rotatable about the body, and the second ring is rotatable relative to the first ring in the closing direction.
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This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/830,855, filed Jul. 6, 2010, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/349,060, filed Jan. 6, 2009, which issued on Jul. 6, 2010 as U.S. Pat. No. 7,748,719, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/148,582, filed Jun. 9, 2005, which issued on Jan. 6, 2009 as U.S. Pat. No. 7,472,913, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present disclosure relates generally to chucks for use with drills or with electric or pneumatic power drivers. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a chuck of the keyless type which may be tightened or loosened by hand or actuation of the driver motor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONHand, electric and pneumatic tool drivers are well known. Although twist drills are the most common tools on such drivers, the tools may also comprise screw drivers, nut drivers, burrs, mounted grinding stones, and other cutting or abrading tools. Since the tool shanks may be of varying diameter or of polygonal cross section, the device is usually provided with a chuck adjustable over a relatively wide range. The chuck may be attached to the driver by a threaded or tapered bore.
A variety of chucks have been developed in the art. In an oblique jawed chuck, a chuck body includes three passageways disposed approximately 120 degrees apart from each other. The passageways are configured so that their center lines meet at a point along the chuck axis forward of the chuck. The passageways constrain three jaws that are movable in the passageways to grip a cylindrical or polygonal tool shank displaced approximately along the chuck center axis. The chuck includes a nut that rotates about the chuck center and that engages threads on the jaws so that rotation of the nut moves the jaws in either direction within the passageways. The body is attached to the drive shaft of a driver and is configured so that rotation of the body in one direction with respect to the nut forces the jaws into gripping relationship with the tool shank, while rotation in the opposite direction releases the gripping relationship. The chuck may be keyless if it is rotated by hand. Various configurations of keyless chucks are known in the art and are desirable for a variety of applications.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present disclosure recognizes and addresses considerations of prior art constructions and methods. In one embodiment of the present chuck for use with a driver having a drive shaft, the chuck includes a generally cylindrical body having a nose section and a tail section, and the nose section having an axial bore formed therein. A plurality of jaws are movably disposed with respect to the body and in communication with the axial bore, the jaws defining a tool engaging surface on one side thereof and a first plurality of threads on an opposite side. A nut is rotatably mounted about the body and defines a plurality of threads on an inner circumference thereof, the nut being in threaded engagement with the jaws such that rotation of the nut causes the jaws to move with respect to the body. A cylindrical sleeve is rotatably mounted about the body and in driving engagement with the nut so that rotation of the sleeve in a closing direction moves the jaws toward the axial bore and rotation of the sleeve in an opening direction moves the jaws away from the axial bore. A first ring defines a plurality of teeth formed thereon and a second ring is rotatable relative to the nut over a limited arc and defines at least one pawl thereon, the one pawl being biased toward the first ring of teeth so that when the chuck is in a first state, the second ring is non-rotatable relative to the first ring in both the opening and closing directions. The first ring and the second ring are rotatable about the body and when the chuck is in a second state in which the jaws clamp onto the shank of the tool, and the second ring is rotatable relative to the first ring in the closing direction but is non-rotatable relative to the planar first ring in the opening direction.
In another embodiment, a chuck for securing a tool with a shank to a manual or powered driver having a drive shaft has a generally cylindrical body having a nose section and a tail section, the tail section being configured to rotate with the drive shaft of the driver and the nose section having an axial bore formed therein. A plurality of jaws are movably disposed with respect to the body and in communication with the axial bore, the jaws defining a tool engaging surface on one side thereof and threads on an opposite side. A nut is rotationally mounted on the body and defines threads on an inner circumference thereof, the nut being in threaded engagement with the jaws such that rotation of the nut causes the jaws to move with respect to the body. A generally cylindrical sleeve is rotatably mounted about the body and in driving engagement with the nut so that rotation of the sleeve in a closing direction moves the jaws toward the axial bore and rotation of the sleeve in an opening direction moves the jaws away from the axial bore. The chuck also includes a first ring defining a plurality of teeth formed thereon and a second ring that is rotatable relative to the nut and defines at least one pawl thereon, the one pawl being biased toward and continuously engaging the first ring of teeth so that when the chuck is in a first state, the second ring is non-rotatable relative to the first ring in both the opening and closing directions, the first and second rings being rotatable about the body. When the chuck is in a second state in which the jaws clamp onto the shank of the tool, the second ring is rotatable relative to the first ring in the closing direction causing an audible click, but is non-rotatable relative to the first ring in the opening direction.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the drill chuck and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the drill chuck.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present drill chuck, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended drawings, in which:
Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent same or analogous features or elements of the drill chuck according to the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTSReference will now be made in detail to presently preferred embodiments of the drill chuck, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation, not limitation, of the drill chuck. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present drill chuck without departing from the scope and spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Referring to
Body 12 defines three passageways 38 that accommodate jaws 26. Each jaw is separated from each adjacent jaw by an arc of approximately 120 degrees. The axis of passageways 38 and jaws 26 are angled with respect to the chuck center axis 40 such that each passageway axis travels through axial bore 34 and intersects axis 40 at a common point. Each jaw 26 has a tool engaging face 42 generally parallel to chuck axis 40 and threads 44 formed on the opposite or outer surface of the jaw 26 that may be constructed in any suitable type and pitch.
Body 12 includes a thrust ring member 46 which, in a preferred embodiment, may be integral with body 12. In an alternate embodiment, thrust ring member 46 may be a separate component from body 12 that is axially and rotationally fixed to the chuck body by interlocking tabs, press fitting or other suitable connection means. Thrust ring member 46 includes a plurality of jaw guideways 48 formed around its circumference to permit retraction of jaws 26 therethrough and also includes a ledge portion 50 to receive a bearing assembly as described below.
Body tail section 32 includes a knurled surface 52 that receives rear sleeve 24 in a press fit fashion. Rear sleeve 24 could also be retained through a press fit without knurling, by use of a key or by crimping, staking, riveting, threading or any other suitable method of securing the sleeve to the body. Further, the chuck may be constructed with a single sleeve having no rear sleeve, for example where the power driver to which the chuck is attached includes a spindle lock feature to enable actuation of the chuck by the single sleeve when the spindle is rotationally fixed by the spindle lock.
Nut 28, which in the preferred embodiment is a split nut, defines female threads 54 located on an inner circumference of the nut and is received in a groove 56 formed in chuck body 12 proximate thrust ring member 46. A bearing washer 62 and an annular bearing cage 58 are received between thrust ring 46 and nut 28. Bearing cage 58 holds a plurality of balls 60 that permits the nut to rotate relative to the chuck body.
Nut 28 is shown in
As best seen in
The outer circumferential surface of front sleeve 18 may be knurled or may be provided with longitudinal ribs 70 or other protrusions to enable the operator to grip the front sleeve securely. In like manner, the circumferential surface of rear sleeve 24 may be knurled or ribbed as at 72 if desired. Front sleeve 18 is press fit to nut 28 to rotationally and axially secure the sleeve to the nut. The press fitting of nose piece 20 to body nose section 30 also helps to retain sleeve 18 against forward axial movement. Nose piece 20 may be coated with a non-ferrous metallic coating to prevent rust and to enhance its appearance. Examples of suitable coatings include zinc or nickel, although it should be appreciated that any suitable coating could be utilized.
The press fitting of nose piece 20 to body nose section 30 also axially secures a shield cap 71 to the body of chuck 10. Shield cap 71 is substantially frustoconical in shape and includes an inwardly depending ledge 73a and a rearwardly depending annular ledge 73b. Inwardly depending ledge 73a is rotatably received in a gap formed between nose piece 20 and a forwardly facing ledge on body 10. Shield cap 71 extends axially rearwardly over at least a portion of front sleeve 18. As shown, front sleeve 18 preferably includes a forwardly depending annular groove 19 that rotatably receives annular ledge 73b of shield cap 71. Shield cap 71 is roatable with respect to both body 10 and front sleeve 18 such that contact of shield cap 71 with stationary objects during operation of the drill helps prevent over-tightening or loosening of the chuck on a tool shank.
Because sleeve 18 is rotationally fixed to nut 28, the rotation of sleeve 18 with respect to body 12 also rotates nut 28 with respect to the body, thereby moving jaws 26 axially within passageways 38 due to the engagement of jaw threads 44 and nut threads 54. The direction of axial movement of jaws 26 depends on the rotational direction of sleeve 18 and nut 28 with respect to body 12. If a tool, such as a drill bit, is inserted into bore 34, the sleeve and nut may be rotated about chuck axis 40 in a closing direction 88 (
Chuck 10 includes a tightening indicator comprising a pawl ring 74 and a ratchet ring 80. Pawl ring 74 includes an annular band 75 and tabs 78 that depend radially inwardly therefrom and into engagement with annular ratchet ring 80. Pawl ring 74 also defines axially forward extending drive tabs 76 formed on a leading edge of annular band 75. Ratchet ring 80 defines a plurality of teeth 83 formed on the ring's peripheral, circular edge. Each tooth 83 has a first side 84 (
Ratchet ring 80 is received on chuck body 12 intermediate annular bearing cage 58 and thrust ring 46. Pawl ring 74 is received about ratchet ring 80 and nut 28 so that grooves 86 (
Referring to
Tabs 78 are deflectable and are generally disposed in alignment with the shallow slopes of the second side 85 of teeth 83 so that pawl ring 74 may continue to rotate with front sleeve 18 relative to ratchet ring 80. Thus, as pawl ring 74 rotates, tabs 78 repeatedly ride over teeth 83, producing an audible clicking sound as the tabs fall against the second side of each subsequent tooth. Tabs 78 are generally perpendicular to first sides 84 of teeth 83 and, therefore, do not deflect to permit rotation of pawl ring 74 in an opposite, opening direction 90. In short, until the jaws clamp onto a tool shank, ratchet ring 80 rotates with pawl ring 74. Once the jaws clamp onto a tool shank, and ratchet ring 80 becomes fixed relative to the chuck body, pawl ring 74 rotates in the closing direction relative to the ratchet ring but is blocked from rotating in opening direction 90.
In another embodiment the teeth 83 and tabs 78 can be constructed so that the first such audible indicator occurs when the user applies gripping torque through the sleeve to the jaws to the tool that is sufficient to secure the tool in the chuck for expected normal operation without slipping of the tool in the jaws. Thus, the first clicking sound following the jaws' engagement of the tool notifies the user that the desired tightening torque has been achieved and that the user may therefore stop continued tightening of the chuck. Of course, the level of desired gripping torque might vary amount different circumstances. Once the desired grip torque is defined, however, the degree to which the sleeve should be rotated to achieve the desired grip torque, and therefore the construction of the tabs 78 and teeth 83 needed to provide the first audible click as the user applies torque at the desired grip torque, depends upon the chuck's design and construction.
To open chuck 10, and referring particularly to
Depending on the frictional engagement between front sleeve 18 and click ring 74, if front sleeve 18 is thereafter rotated in the closing direction, drive tabs 76 may rotate through grooves 86 until the tabs abut the opposite sides of the grooves, and the chuck may then be operated in the closing direction as described above. In the presently illustrated embodiment, however, friction between front sleeve 18 and pawl ring 74 hold the sleeve and the ring together in the position shown in
Note, chuck 10 as shown in
While one or more preferred embodiments of the drive chuck are described above, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present drill chuck without departing from the scope and spirit thereof. For example, the ratchet ring can be secured to the sleeve and the click ring can be disposed intermediate the bearing ring and the thrust ring. It is intended that the present disclosure cover such modifications and variations as come within the scope and spirit of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A chuck for securing a tool with a shank to a manual or powered driver having a drive shaft, said chuck comprising:
- a. a generally cylindrical body having a nose section and a tail section, said nose section having an axial bore formed therein;
- b. a plurality of jaws movably disposed with respect to said body in communication with said axial bore, said jaws defining a tool engaging surface on one side thereof and a first plurality of threads on an opposite side;
- c. a nut rotationally mounted on said body and defining a plurality of threads on an inner circumference thereof, said nut being in threaded engagement with said jaws such that rotation of said nut causes said jaws to move with respect to said body;
- d. a generally cylindrical sleeve rotatably mounted about said body and in driving engagement with said nut so that rotation of said sleeve in a closing direction moves said jaws toward said axial bore and rotation of said sleeve in an opening direction moves said jaws away from said axial bore;
- e. a first ring defining a plurality of teeth formed thereon; and
- f. a second ring that is rotatable relative to said nut over a limited arc and that defines at least one pawl thereon, said at least one pawl being biased toward said first ring of teeth so that, when said chuck is in a first state, said second ring is non-rotatable relative to said first ring in both said opening and closing directions, said first ring and said second ring being rotatable about said body, and when said chuck is in a second state in which said jaws clamp onto the shank of the tool, said second ring is rotatable relative to said first ring in said closing direction but is non-rotatable relative to said planar first ring in said opening direction.
2. The chuck of claim 1, wherein said sleeve is non-rotatably coupled to said nut.
3. The chuck of claim 1, wherein said first ring further comprises a planar first ring.
4. The chuck of claim 3, wherein said body further includes a thrust ring and said planar first ring is disposed intermediate said nut and said thrust ring.
5. The chuck of claim 4, further comprising a bearing assembly disposed intermediate said nut and said planar first ring.
6. The chuck of claim 1, further comprising a shield cap rotatably secured to said nose section of said body.
7. The chuck of claim 6, wherein said shield cap extends rearwardly over a portion of said sleeve.
8. The chuck of claim 7, said sleeve including a forwardly facing annular groove, said shield cap including a rearwardly depending annular ledge, wherein said annular ledge extends into said annular groove.
9. The chuck of claim 6, further comprising a nose piece non-rotatably secured to said nose section of said body, said shield cap further comprising an inwardly depending ledge, said inwardly depending ledge being rotatably secured intermediate said nose piece and said nose section of said body.
10. The chuck of claim 6, wherein said sleeve is non-rotatably fixed to said nut.
11. The chuck of claim 1, wherein when said chuck is in a second state, rotation of said second ring relative to said first ring in said closing direction causes an audible click.
12. A chuck for securing a tool with a shank to a manual or powered driver having a drive shaft, said chuck comprising:
- a. a generally cylindrical body having a nose section and a tail section, said tail section being configured to rotate with the drive shaft of the driver and said nose section having an axial bore formed therein;
- b. a plurality of jaws movably disposed with respect to said body in communication with said axial bore, said jaws defining a tool engaging surface on one side thereof and a first plurality of threads on an opposite side;
- c. a nut rotationally mounted on said body and defining a plurality of threads on an inner circumference thereof, said nut being in threaded engagement with said jaws such that rotation of said nut causes said jaws to move with respect to said body;
- d. a generally cylindrical sleeve rotatably mounted about said body and in driving engagement with said nut so that rotation of said sleeve in a closing direction moves said jaws toward said axial bore and rotation of said sleeve in an opening direction moves said jaws away from said axial bore;
- e. a first ring defining a plurality of teeth formed thereon; and
- f. a second ring that is rotatable relative to said nut and defines at least one pawl thereon, said at least one pawl being biased toward and continuously engaging said first ring of teeth so that, when said chuck is in a first state, said second ring is non-rotatable relative to said first ring in both said opening and closing directions, said first ring and said second ring being rotatable about said body, and when said chuck is in a second state in which said jaws clamp onto the shank of the tool, said second ring is rotatable relative to said first ring in said closing direction causing an audible click but is non-rotatable relative to said first ring in said opening direction.
13. The chuck of claim 12, wherein said body further includes a thrust ring and said first ring is disposed intermediate said nut and said thrust ring.
14. The chuck of claim 12, further comprising a shield cap rotatably secured to said nose section of said body.
15. The chuck of claim 14, wherein said shield cap extends rearwardly over a portion of said sleeve.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Jul 26, 2011
Date of Patent: Jun 5, 2012
Patent Publication Number: 20110285097
Assignee: Jacobs Chuck Manufacturing Company (Clemson, SC)
Inventors: Bach Gong (Suzhou), J. Larry Wilson (Belton, SC)
Primary Examiner: Eric A Gates
Attorney: Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP
Application Number: 13/191,138
International Classification: B23B 31/16 (20060101);