Method and apparatus for annotating an electronic document

Abstract

A method and apparatus to mark-up an electronic document (i.e., a second electronic document) that is superimposed on a first electronic document keeping the first electronic document unchanged. The second electronic document is optionally viewed concurrently with the first electronic document. The second electronic document is capable of being viewed or modified using different application programs so long as the different application programs process the format used by the second electronic document. The second electronic document is saved as a separate document independent of the first electronic document.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to computer systems. More particularly, this invention relates to application programs for computer systems.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE/PERMISSION

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. The following notice applies to the software and data as described below and in the drawings hereto: Copyright© 2000, Apple Computer, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

BACKGROUND

As the use of computers and the Internet have proliferated, so too has the use of application programs. A multitude of application programs exist for performing tasks such as word processing, accounting, graphic art, etc. In addition, there are numerous platforms or operating systems on which these application programs operate. For example, Apple® Macintosh® machines may use the Mac OS X operating system and support Microsoft's Word X for word processing, whereas Compaq® machines may use the Microsoft Windows operating system and support Microsoft word for word processing.

There are application programs that enable a user to provide a note (e.g., an annotation, a drawing, etc.) in another application program (e.g., a word processing document). The note is displayed over part of the text and images of the word processing document. (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,942 issued to Gough et al. of Apple Computer Inc., of Cupertino Calif.). The note provides a useful means for a user to annotate the underlying word processing document and is displayed using an anchor object in the word processing document.

The notes described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,942 are not separable from the document in which they appear. Moreover, a document that includes the notes created on a machine with a particular operating system may not be viewed on another machine with a different operating system. What is needed, therefore, is a method and apparatus to mark-up an electronic document (i.e., a second electronic document) that is superimposed on a first electronic document (e.g., a word processing document) keeping the first electronic document unchanged. The second electronic document is optionally viewed concurrently with the first electronic document, and the second electronic document is capable of being viewed or modified using different application programs so long as the different application programs process the format used by the second electronic document. The second electronic document is saved as a separate document independent of the first electronic document. Furthermore, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use the same operating system as the machine that created the second electronic document. Alternately, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use a different operating system so long as the application programs process the format of the second electronic document.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method and apparatus to mark-up an electronic document (i.e., a second electronic document) that is superimposed on a first electronic document (e.g., a word processing document) keeping the first electronic document unchanged. The second electronic document is optionally viewed concurrently with the first electronic document. The second electronic document is capable of being viewed or modified using different application programs so long as the different application programs process the format used by the second electronic document. The second electronic document is saved as a separate document independent of the first electronic document. Furthermore, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use the same operating system as the machine that created the second electronic document. Alternately, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use a different operating system so long as the application programs process the format of the second electronic document.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a computer system according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a display screen according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a flow diagram for opening, editing, and saving applications according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a machine accessible medium according to one embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Described is a method and apparatus to mark-up an electronic document (i.e., a second electronic document) that is superimposed on a first electronic document (e.g., a word processing document) keeping the first electronic document unchanged. The second electronic document is optionally viewed concurrently with the first electronic document. The second electronic document is capable of being viewed or modified using different application programs so long as the different application programs process the format used by the second electronic document. The second electronic document is saved as a separate document independent of the first electronic document. Furthermore, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use the same operating system as the machine that created the second electronic document. Alternately, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use a different operating system so long as the application programs process the format of the second electronic document.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known architectures, steps, and techniques have not been shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.

Parts of the description may be presented using terminology commonly employed by those skilled in the art to convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Also, parts of the description may be presented in terms of operations performed through the execution of programming instructions. As well understood by those skilled in the art, these operations often take the form of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, and otherwise manipulated through, for instance, electrical components.

The invention may utilize a distributed computing environment. In a distributed computing environment, program modules (e.g., the application program) may be physically located in different local and remote memory storage devices. Execution of the program modules may occur locally in a stand-alone manner or remotely in a client/server manner. Examples of such distributed computing environments include local area networks, enterprise-wide computer networks, and the global Internet.

In addition, it should be understood that the programs, processes, method, etc. described herein are not related or limited to any particular computer or apparatus nor are they related or limited to any particular communication network architecture. Rather, various types of general-purpose machines may be used with program modules constructed in accordance with the teachings described herein. Similarly, it may prove advantageous to construct a specialized apparatus to perform the method steps described herein by way of dedicated computer systems in a specific network architecture with hard-wired logic or programs stored in nonvolatile memory such as read only memory.

Various operations will be described as multiple discrete steps performed in turn in a manner that is helpful in understanding the present invention. However, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily performed in the order they are presented, or even order dependent. Lastly, repeated usage of the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a computer system according to one embodiment of the invention. The computer system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 is used to store and execute an application program. The application program permits a user to mark-up an electronic document (i.e., a second electronic document) that is superimposed on a first electronic document (e.g., a word processing document) keeping the first electronic document unchanged. In one embodiment, an application program marks up the second electronic document automatically (e.g., by finding and replacing certain data strings in the second electronic document as specified by a user). In one embodiment, the second electronic document may be marked-up without opening the first electronic document (e.g., by indicating the first electronic document by highlighting or pointing to the name of the first electronic document on the desktop or in a directory on the computer screen). The application program permits the user to optionally view the second electronic document concurrently with the first electronic document. In one embodiment, the second electronic document may be superimposed over the first electronic document when the first electronic document is displayed in an annotated mode. For example, the second electronic document may be viewed or displayed independent of the first electronic document; so also, the first electronic document may be viewed or displayed independent of the second electronic document. The second electronic document generated by the application program is capable of being viewed or modified using different application programs so long as the different application programs process the format used by the second electronic document. The second electronic document may be saved as a separate document independent of the first electronic document. Furthermore, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use the same operating system as the machine that created the second electronic document. Alternately, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use a different operating system so long as the application programs process the format of the second electronic document.

Although the embodiment of FIG. 1 uses a personal computer to run the application program described above, other devices including wireless devices such as cellular phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) may also be used to run the application program. One embodiment of the present invention may be implemented using personal computer (PC) architecture. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that alternative computer system architectures or other processor, programmable or electronic-based devices may also be employed.

In general, such computer systems as illustrated by FIG. 1 include a processor 102 coupled through a bus 101 to a random access memory (RAM) 103, a read only memory (ROM) 104, and a mass storage device 107. Mass storage device 107 represents a persistent data storage device, such as a floppy disk drive, fixed disk drive (e.g., magnetic, optical, magneto-optical, or the like), or streaming tape drive for storing the application program. Processor 102 may be any of a wide variety of general-purpose processors or microprocessors (such as the 68000 series processor manufactured by Motorola® Corporation), a special purpose processor, or a specifically programmed logic device.

In one embodiment, processor 102 generates an electronic document (i.e., a second electronic document) and permits a user or an application program to mark-up the electronic document that is superimposed on a first electronic document (e.g., a word processing document), keeping the integrity of the first electronic document unchanged. In one embodiment, the second electronic document may be marked-up without opening the first electronic document. The first electronic document may be specified e.g., by specifying the name of the first electronic document by typing the name of the document, or by pointing to the name of the document and selecting the document by clicking a mouse on the name of the document on a desktop or in a directory on a computer screen. The second electronic document is optionally viewed concurrently with the first electronic document. The second electronic document is capable of being viewed or modified using different application programs, so long as the different application programs process the format used by the second electronic document. The second electronic document is saved as a separate document independent of the first electronic document. Furthermore, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use the same operating system as the machine that created the second electronic document. Alternately, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use a different operating system so long as the application programs process the format of the second electronic document.

In one embodiment, processor 102 via the application program generates, edits, and saves the second electronic document in standard portable document format (PDF). In one embodiment, the PDF document is created and saved using proprietary tags, however, in alternate embodiments the PDF document may be created and saved without proprietary tags. Using the standard PDF enables the second electronic document to be generated, edited, viewed, and saved using any application that allows the processing of PDF documents. Although the operations on the second electronic document are listed as generating, editing, viewing, and saving, one skilled in the art will appreciate that other operations, such as compression, encryption, decryption etc. may also be performed on the second electronic document. One skilled in the art will appreciate that not all applications need generate, edit, save, or permit the viewing of a PDF document. Some applications may permit the generating, editing, viewing and saving of the PDF document, while other applications may permit just the viewing of the PDF document without permitting modification to the PDF document. The PDF document created may be generated, edited, viewed, and saved on any operating system platform so long as the operating system platform has an application that allows for the processing of PDF documents. Although the description above specifies the use of applications that process files using the standard PDF, one skilled in the art will appreciate that applications that process other formats that permit operations, including but not limited to, generating, editing, viewing, and saving files across different operating systems may alternatively be used to generate the second electronic document.

In one embodiment, the application program that generates the second electronic document comprises a menu bar that includes a suite of tools that enables processor 102 to perform various functions. The suite of tools has a drop-down menu that permits the selection of programs from the drop-down menu. In particular, icons or text in the menu bar launch a program whenever a pointing device (e.g., a mouse) selects the particular icon or text in the menu bar. The menu bar including the suite of tools, may be opened, closed, dragged, and used in any application. In one embodiment, the menu bar including the suite of tools may be dragged into a word-processing document (e.g., a Microsoft® word document), a financial document (e.g., a Microsoft® Excel document) or a graphics document (e.g., a Microsoft® Visio document). When a file from the menu bar is selected (e.g., a new file or an existing file), the file that opens (i.e., the second electronic document) is superimposed on the Word, Excel, or Visio (i.e., the first electronic document) document beneath. Markings such as drawings, handwriting, or text are entered in the second electronic document, keeping the underlying document (i.e., the first electronic document) unchanged.

A program in the suite of tools (e.g., a transparency tool) may be selected to change the transparency of the background of the second electronic document such that the first electronic document is invisible, partially visible or fully visible.

The suite of tools permits the mark-up of the second electronic document using a pointing device such as stylus 117 and tablet 116, a touch sensitive screen (not shown), a keyboard, a mouse, or some other pointing or information entry device.

The suite of tools, via a character recognition tool, recognizes both text and handwriting in the first electronic document and copies parts thereof into the second electronic document. In one embodiment, the parts copied into the second electronic document are parts that are marked for copying by, for example, highlighting, circling, pointing etc. The parts marked for copying are highlighted, in the second electronic document. In one embodiment, since the second electronic document is transparent, the text or items marked for copying are clearly visible in the first electronic document through the second electronic document.

In one embodiment, text or objects that are in the second electronic document may be concatenated. Concatenating the text or objects in the second electronic document facilitates the reading of the concatenated material. In addition, the suite of tools provides a spell-check for the text in the second electronic document.

The application program permit a user to enter text in the second electronic document by typing, copying from another document using cut and paste methods well known in the art, or via a handwriting tool such as a stylus or other input methods. The suite of tools, via a margin tool, permits the creation of one or more margins in the second electronic document. In addition, the suite of tools provides tools to attach audio, video, or audio-video scripts or segments in the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document. In one embodiment, the audio text is input via a microphone, and the video is input via a camera that is illustrated as input devices 106.

The suite of tools provides tools for changing various parameters in the second electronic document including but not limited to the font type, font size, font color, line color, line shapes, line type, line thickness etc.

In one embodiment the suite of tools allow the second electronic document to be marked-up without opening the first electronic document (e.g., by indicating the first electronic document by highlighting or pointing to the name of the first electronic document on the desktop or in a directory on the computer screen).

In one embodiment the suite of tools permit the user to optionally view the second electronic document concurrently with the first electronic document. In other embodiments, the second electronic document may be superimposed over the first electronic document when the first electronic document is displayed in an annotated mode. For example, the second electronic document may be viewed or displayed independent of the first electronic document; so also, the first electronic document may be viewed or displayed independent of the second electronic document.

FIG. 2 illustrates a display screen according to one embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in FIG. 2, display screen 200 of the second electronic document is superimposed upon a text document 250 (the first electronic document). Menu bar 205 includes the suite of tools 210 (e.g., indicated as “Tools” in the menu bar). Menu bar 205 may be opened, closed, dragged, and used in any application. In one embodiment, the transparency of the second electronic document is controlled by slider bar 215 that may be adjusted to allow for the first electronic document to be totally visible (i.e., the background of the second electronic document is totally transparent), for the first electronic document 250 to be invisible (i.e., the background of second electronic document is opaque) or for the visibility of the first electronic document to be controlled by a varying degree.

In one embodiment, markings such as drawings, handwriting, or text are entered in second electronic document 200, keeping the underlying document (the first electronic document) 250 unchanged.

Using an input device e.g., a stylus or a mouse the second electronic document may be marked-up as illustrated in FIG. 2. By keeping the background of the second electronic document transparent or nearly transparent, a stylus or mouse may be used to circle text in the first electronic document, with the markings appearing in the second electronic document. As FIG. 2 illustrates, the text “fox jumps” at 255 is in the first electronic document 250, however, the circling of the text 230 occurs in the second electronic document 200. So also the annotation “can be other colors” at 220 occurs in the second electronic document 200. By marking up the first electronic document such that the markings occur in the second electronic document the first electronic document is unchanged. In one embodiment, the annotation 220 may be typed, handwritten e.g., using a pen or stylus, or copied from another electronic document and pasted in document 200.

In one embodiment, the application program that generates the second electronic document uses the standard PDF to generate the second electronic document. In one embodiment, multiple document pairs may be opened at any given time (e.g., a Word document and the corresponding superimposed second electronic word document, and an excel spreadsheet and the corresponding superimposed second electronic Excel document). Material may be copied from one superimposed second document to another superimposed second document (e.g., from the second electronic Word document to the second electronic Excel document, or from an underlying document to superimposed documents e.g., from the Word document to the second electronic Excel document.

In another embodiment, the association of the documents may be changed e.g., the second electronic Word document that is associated with the Word document may be changed such that the second electronic Excel document may be associated with the Word document.

In one embodiment, the suite of tools, via a scroll bar 216 allows for scrolling the second electronic document, such that, concurrently with the scrolling of the second electronic document the first electronic document optionally scrolls. In addition, the suite of tools permits a user to switch focus i.e., move the first electronic document to the front of the computer screen and move the second electronic document to the background of the computer screen and vice versa.

In FIG. 1 display device 105 is coupled to processor 102 through bus 101 and provides graphical output for computer system 100. Input devices 106 such as a keyboard or mouse are coupled to bus 101 for communicating information and command selections to processor 102. Also coupled to processor 102 through bus 101 is an input/output interface 110 which can be used to control and transfer data to electronic devices (tablet 116, printers, other computers, etc.) connected to computer system 100. Tablet 116 may be used in conjunction with stylus 117 to transfer information to and from computer system 100. Computer system 100 includes network devices 108 for connecting computer system 100 to a network 114 through which documents may be sent and received, e.g., to and from remote device 112. Network devices 108, may include Ethernet devices, phone jacks and satellite links. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that other network devices may also be utilized.

One embodiment of the invention may be stored entirely as a software product on mass storage 107. Another embodiment of the invention may be embedded in a hardware product, for example, in a printed circuit board, in a special purpose processor, or in a specifically programmed logic device communicatively coupled to bus 101. Still other embodiments of the invention may be implemented partially as a software product and partially as a hardware product.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flow diagram for opening, editing, and saving applications according to one embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in FIG. 3, at 305 a user opens a first electronic document (e.g., a word document). At 310, the user opens a second electronic document (i.e., a document that is superimposed on the first document). In one embodiment, when a user opens the first electronic document the user is automatically prompted by the application program that generates the second electronic document to open the second electronic document. In an alternate embodiment, at the time the first or the second electronic document is opened, the application program checks the first electronic document to determine if the first electronic document has changed since the second electronic document that is associated with it was saved. If there is a change in the first electronic document, the user is notified of the change, and provided with the option of opening a new second electronic document or opening the existing associated second electronic document. In one embodiment, when a user opens the first electronic document, the second electronic document is automatically opened and vice versa. At 315, either when the second document is opened or at any time thereafter the user is provided with the option of associating the document opened at 305 (i.e., the first electronic document) with the second electronic document opened at 310. At 320, the user associates the first electronic document with superimposed second electronic document. If the user chooses not to associate the first electronic document with the second electronic document, at 325 the user edits the second electronic document. At 330, prior to saving the second electronic document, a user may via the menu bar in the second electronic document associate the second electronic document with the first electronic document. If a user associates the first electronic document with the second electronic document, at 335 the user may save and/or close the first electronic document along with the second electronic document. In one embodiment, once the two electronic documents are associated, when the first electronic document is opened for editing, the second electronic document is optionally automatically opened. If a user chooses not to associate the first electronic document with the second electronic document, at 340, the user may close the second electronic document without associating the two electronic documents.

FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of the invention stored on a machine-accessible medium. Embodiments of the invention may be represented as a software product stored on a machine-accessible medium 400 (also referred to as a computer-accessible medium or a processor-accessible medium). The machine-accessible medium 400 may be any type of magnetic, optical, or electrical storage medium including a diskette, CD-ROM, memory device (volatile or non-volatile), or similar storage mechanism. The machine-accessible medium may contain various sets of instructions 402, code sequences, configuration information, or other data. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other instructions and operations necessary to implement the described invention may also be stored on the machine-accessible medium.

The machine-accessible medium comprises instructions, incorporated in agent 422, that when executed by a machine causes the machine to perform operations comprising marking-up an electronic document (i.e., a second electronic document) that is superimposed on a first electronic document (e.g., a word processing document) keeping the first electronic document unchanged. Providing an option to view the second electronic document concurrently with the first electronic document. The second electronic document is capable of being viewed or modified using different application programs so long as the different application programs process the format used by the second electronic document. Processing the format used by the second electronic document implies the application recognizing the format used by the second electronic document (e.g., the PDF). The second electronic document is saved as a separate document independent of the first electronic document. Furthermore, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use the same operating system as the machine that created the second electronic document. Alternately, the application programs that permit the second electronic document to be viewed or modified may be operational on machines that use a different operating system so long as the application programs process the format of the second electronic document.

Thus a method and apparatus have been disclosed for annotating an electronic document that includes marking-up an electronic document (i.e., a second electronic document) that is superimposed on a first electronic document (e.g., a word processing document) keeping the integrity of the first electronic document unchanged. While there has been illustrated and described what are presently considered to be example embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other modifications may be made, and equivalents may be substituted, without departing from the true scope of the invention. Additionally, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation to the teachings of the present invention without departing from the central inventive concept described herein. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

opening a first electronic document;

opening a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document;

superimposing the second electronic document over the first electronic document; and

marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing a viewing of the first electronic document, the second electronic document capable of being viewed using any application program so long as the application program processes a format of the second electronic document.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising viewing the second electronic document using any operating system.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising viewing the second electronic document using any browser application.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the second electronic document capable of being modified using any application program so long as the application program processes the format of the second electronic document.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting the background of the second electronic document so that the first electronic document is any one of invisible, partially visible, or totally visible.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein superimposing the second electronic document on the first electronic document comprises any one of the second electronic document totally encompassing the first electronic document, the second electronic document partially encompassing the first electronic document, or the second electronic document not encompassing the first electronic document.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising optionally preventing any changes to the first electronic document.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising the second electronic document recognizing handwriting in the first electronic document.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing the viewing the first electronic document comprises any one of:

writing in the second electronic document;

drawing in the second electronic document;

highlighting parts of the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document;

creating a virtual margin in the second electronic document;

attaching audio, video or audio video scripts in the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document; and

copying material from the first electronic document by one of highlighting and circling a corresponding space in the second electronic document.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising concatenating the markings in the second electronic document.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein writing in the second electronic document further comprises changing a format of the writing.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein drawing in the second electronic document further comprises changing a format of the drawing.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing the viewing of the first electronic document comprises marking the second electronic document using any one of a keyboard, a mouse, a pen, or a touch sensitive screen to mark the second electronic document.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing the viewing of the first electronic document comprises marking the second electronic document by any one of a user of the second electronic document or an application program.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the second electronic document has a portable document format (PDF).

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the PDF document is created using standard PDF without proprietary tags.

17. The method of claim 1 wherein the second electronic document has at least one scroll bar for scrolling through multiple pages in the second electronic document.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein scrolling through pages in the second electronic document concurrently scrolls through corresponding pages in the first electronic document.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein allowing the viewing of the first electronic document comprises:

searching a directory for a corresponding second electronic document; and

providing a user with an option to open the corresponding second electronic document or a new second electronic document.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein allowing the viewing of the first electronic document comprises:

searching a directory for a corresponding second electronic document;

checking a directory for changes made to the first electronic document since the corresponding second electronic document was created; and

providing a user with an option to use the second electronic document or to create a new second electronic document if changes were made to the first electronic document.

21. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

saving the first electronic document; and

saving the second electronic document as a separate electronic document.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein saving the first electronic document prompts a user for a name for at least one of the first electronic document and the second electronic document.

23. The method of claim 21 further comprising printing the first electronic document and prompting a user for a command to print the second electronic document.

24. The method of claim 1 wherein viewing a first electronic document comprises viewing the first electronic document on a desktop or in a directory.

25. The method of claim 1 wherein viewing a second electronic document comprises opening the second electronic document.

26. The method of claim 1 further comprising adjusting the controllable background of the second electronic document to permit a user to switch focus by moving the first electronic document to a front of a display screen and moving the second electronic document to a background of a display screen and vice versa.

27. A computer system comprising:

a bus;

a data storage device coupled to said bus; and

a processor coupled to said data storage device, said processor operable to receive instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: open a first electronic document; open a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document, the second electronic document having at least one scroll bar for scrolling through multiple pages in the second electronic document; superimpose the second electronic document over the first electronic document; and mark the second electronic document concurrently with allowing a viewing of the first electronic document, the second electronic document capable of being viewed using any application program so long as the application program processes a format of the second electronic document.

28. The computer system of claim 27 further comprising the processor to allow viewing of the second electronic document using any operating system.

29. The computer system of claim 27 further comprising the processor to allow modification to the second electronic document using any application program so long as the application program processes the format of the second electronic document.

30. The computer system of claim 27 further comprising the processor to adjust the background of the second electronic document so that the first electronic document is any one of invisible, partially visible, or totally visible.

31. The computer system of claim 27 wherein the processor to superimpose the second electronic document on the first electronic document comprises the second electronic document any one of totally encompassing the first electronic document, partially encompassing the first electronic document, or not encompassing the first electronic document.

32. The computer system of claim 27 wherein the processor to prevent any changes to the first electronic document.

33. The computer system of claim 27 further comprising the second electronic document recognizing handwriting in the first electronic document.

34. The computer system of claim 27 wherein the processor to allow the viewing of the first electronic document comprises the processor to any one of open the first electronic document, or allow the viewing of a name of the first electronic document on a desktop or in a directory.

35. The computer system of claim 27 wherein the processor to allow the viewing of the second electronic document comprises the processor to open the second electronic document.

36. The computer system of claim 27, wherein the processor to mark the second electronic document concurrently with allow the viewing of the first electronic document comprises the processor to any one of:

write in the second electronic document;

draw in the second electronic document;

highlight parts of the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document;

create a virtual margin in the second electronic document;

attach audio, video or audio video scripts in the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document; or

copy material from the first electronic document by highlighting or circling a corresponding space in the second electronic document.

37. The computer system of claim 27 wherein the processor to mark the second electronic document concurrently with allow the viewing of the first electronic document comprises the processor to mark the second electronic document using any one of a keyboard, a mouse, a pen, or a touch sensitive screen to mark the second electronic document.

38. The computer system of claim 27 wherein the processor to mark the second electronic document concurrently with allow the viewing of the first electronic document comprises the processor to mark the second electronic document when directed by any one of a user of the second electronic document or an application program.

39. The computer system of claim 27 wherein the second electronic document has a portable document format (PDF) format without proprietary tags.

40. The computer system of claim 27 wherein the processor to open a first electronic document comprises:

searching a directory for a corresponding second electronic document;

checking a directory for changes made to the first electronic document since the corresponding second electronic document was created; and

providing a user with an option to use the second electronic document or to create a new second electronic document if changes were made to the first electronic document.

41. An article of manufacture comprising:

a memory device including instructions that, when executed by a machine,

causes the machine to perform operations comprising: opening a first electronic document; opening a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust the transparency and overlay of the second electronic document; superimposing the second electronic document over the first electronic document; and marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing a viewing of the first electronic document, the second electronic document capable of being viewed using any application program so long as the application program processes a format of the second electronic document.

42. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions include further instructions for viewing the second electronic document using any operating system.

43. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions include further instructions for viewing the second electronic document using any browser application.

44. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions include further instructions for modifying the second electronic document using any application program so long as the application program processes the format of the second electronic document.

45. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions include further instructions for adjusting the background of the second electronic document so that the first electronic document is any one of invisible, partially visible, or totally visible.

46. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions for superimposing the second electronic document on the first electronic document include further instructions for any one of totally encompassing the first electronic document with the second electronic document, partially encompassing the first electronic document with the second electronic document, or not encompassing the first electronic document with the second electronic document.

47. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions include further instructions for optionally preventing any changes to the first electronic document.

48. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions include further instructions for the second electronic document recognizing handwriting in the first electronic document.

49. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions for marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing the viewing of the first electronic document comprises further instructions for any one of:

writing in the second electronic document;

drawing in the second electronic document;

highlighting parts of the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document;

creating a virtual margin in the second electronic document;

attaching audio, video or audio video scripts in the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document; or

copying material from the first electronic document by highlighting or circling a corresponding space in the second electronic document.

50. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions for marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing the viewing of the first electronic document comprises further instructions for marking the second electronic document using any one of a keyboard, a mouse, a pen, or a touch sensitive screen to mark the second electronic document.

51. The article of manufacture of claim 41 wherein said instructions for marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing the viewing of the first electronic document comprises further instructions for marking the second electronic document by any one of a user of the second electronic document or an application program.

52. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions include further instructions for creating the second electronic document having a portable document format (PDF).

53. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions for viewing the second electronic document having a PDF format includes further instructions for creating the second electronic document using standard PDF without proprietary tags.

54. The article of manufacture as in claim 41, wherein said instructions for opening a first electronic document comprises:

searching a directory for a corresponding second electronic document;

checking a directory for changes made to the first electronic document since the corresponding second electronic document was created; and

providing a user with an option to use the second electronic document or to create a new second electronic document if changes were made to the first electronic document.

55. An apparatus comprising:

means for opening a first electronic document;

means for opening a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document;

means for superimposing the second electronic document over the first electronic document; and

means for marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing a viewing of the first electronic document, the second electronic document capable of being viewed using any application program so long as the application program processes a format of the second electronic document.

56. The apparatus of claim 55 further comprising means for viewing the second electronic document using any operating system.

57. The apparatus of claim 55 further comprising means for modifying the second electronic document capable using any application program so long as the application program processes the format of the second electronic document.

58. The apparatus of claim 55, further comprising means for adjusting the background of the second electronic document so that the first electronic document is any one of invisible, partially visible, or totally visible.

59. The apparatus of claim 55 further comprising means for optionally preventing any changes to the first electronic document.

60. The apparatus of claim 55 further comprising means for the second electronic document recognizing handwriting in the first electronic document.

61. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the means for marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing the viewing of the first electronic document comprises any one of:

means for writing in the second electronic document;

means for drawing in the second electronic document;

means for highlighting parts of the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document;

means for creating a virtual margin in the second electronic document;

means for attaching audio, video or audio video scripts in the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document; or

means for copying material from the first electronic document by highlighting or circling a corresponding space in the second electronic document.

62. The apparatus of claim 55 wherein second electronic document has a portable document format (PDF) without proprietary tags.

63. The apparatus of claim 55 wherein the means for opening a first electronic document comprises: means for providing a user with an option to use the second electronic document or to create a new second electronic document if changes were made to the first electronic document.

means for searching a directory for a corresponding second electronic document;

means for checking a directory for changes made to the first electronic document since the corresponding second electronic document was created; and

64. A method comprising:

receiving a specification for a first electronic document;

opening a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document;

associating the second electronic document with the first electronic document, whereby the second electronic document has the capability to later change the association to another electronic document that optionally has been created with a different application program than the first electronic document and the second electronic document;

marking the second electronic document, whereby changes to the second electronic document have the capability to optionally change the contents of the first electronic document; and

optionally exchanging material between the second electronic document and a third electronic document.

65. The method of claim 64 wherein specifying a first electronic document comprises specifying a name of a first electronic document.

66. The method of claim 65 wherein specifying a name of a first electronic document comprises any one of specifying the name of the first electronic document in a directory, or specifying the name of the first electronic document on a desk-top.

67. The method of claim 64 further comprising creating, editing and viewing the second electronic document using any operating system.

68. The method of claim 64 wherein marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing viewing of the first electronic document comprises marking the second electronic document by any one of a user of the second electronic document or an application program.

69. The method of claim 64, wherein the second electronic document has a portable document format (PDF).

70. The method of claim 64, further comprising:

saving the first electronic document; and

saving the second electronic document as a separate electronic document.

71. The method of claim 64 wherein the second electronic document can be created, edited and viewed using different application programs than those used to create, edit and view the first electronic document.

72. The method of claim 64 further comprising marking the second electronic document automatically.

73. The method of claim 64 further comprising marking the second electronic document without opening the first electronic document.

74. The method of claim 64 further comprising checking for changes to the first electronic document since the second electronic document was last saved.

75. The method of claim 64 further comprising allowing the first electronic document to associate with a different electronic document than the second electronic document, and vice versa.

76. The method of claim 64 wherein the second electronic document comprises a suite of tools to edit and manipulate the second electronic document in a number of ways, including:

scrolling through multiple pages of the second electronic document while optionally concurrently scrolling through corresponding pages in the first electronic document;

creating a virtual margin in the second electronic document;

allowing the second electronic document to recognize handwriting in the first electronic document;

encryption and decryption of the second electronic document;

compression and decompression of the second electronic document;

highlighting parts of the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document;

writing in the second electronic document;

drawing in the second electronic document;

attaching audio, video or audio video scripts in the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document; and

copying material from the first electronic document by highlighting or circling the corresponding space in the second electronic document.

77. The method of claim 64 wherein the second electronic document has the capability to be superimposed on the first electronic document.

78. The method of claim 77 wherein the second electronic document has the capability to be superimposed on the first electronic document by dragging the second electronic document on top of the first electronic document.

79. The method of claim 77 wherein the controllable background of the second electronic document can be adjusted to change the transparency of the second electronic document so that the first electronic document is any one of invisible, partially visible, or totally visible.

80. A computer system comprising:

a bus;

a data storage device coupled to said bus; and

a processor coupled to said data storage device, said processor operable to receive instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: specify a first electronic document; open a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document, and the second electronic document having a portable document format (PDF); associate the second electronic document with the first electronic document, whereby the second electronic document has the capability to later change the association to another electronic document that optionally has been created with a different application program than the first electronic document and the second electronic document; mark the second electronic document, whereby changes to the second electronic document have the capability to optionally change the contents of the first electronic document; and optionally exchange material between the second electronic document and a third electronic document.

81. The computer system of claim 80 wherein the processor to specify a first electronic document comprises the processor specify a name of a first electronic document.

82. The computer system of claim 80 further comprising the processor to enable creating, editing and viewing a name of the second electronic document using any operating system.

83. The computer system of claim 80 wherein the processor to specify a name of a first electronic document comprises the processor to any one of specify the name of the first electronic document in a directory, or specify the name of the first electronic document on a desk-top.

84. The computer system of claim 80, further comprising:

saving the first electronic document; and

saving the second electronic document as a separate electronic document.

85. The computer system of claim 80 wherein the processor to open a second electronic document comprises the processor to create, edit and view the second electronic document using different application programs than those used to create, edit and view the first electronic document.

86. The computer system of claim 80 wherein the processor to mark the second electronic document comprises marking the second electronic document automatically.

87. The computer system of claim 80 wherein the processor to mark the second electronic document comprises marking the second electronic document without opening the first electronic document.

88. The computer system of claim 80 further comprising the processor to check for changes to the first electronic document since the second electronic document was last saved.

89. The computer system of claim 88 further comprising the processor to allow the first electronic document to associate with a different electronic document than the second electronic document, and vice versa.

90. The computer system of claim 80 wherein the second electronic document comprises a suite of tools to edit and manipulate the second electronic document in a number of ways, including:

scrolling through multiple pages of the second electronic document while optionally concurrently scrolling through corresponding pages in the first electronic document;

creating a virtual margin in the second electronic document;

allowing the second electronic document to recognize handwriting in the first electronic document;

encryption and decryption of the second electronic document;

compression and decompression of the second electronic document;

highlighting parts of the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document;

writing in the second electronic document;

drawing in the second electronic document;

attaching audio, video or audio video scripts in the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document; and

copying material from the first electronic document by highlighting or circling the corresponding space in the second electronic document.

91. The computer system of claim 80 wherein the second electronic document has the capability to be superimposed on the first electronic document.

92. The computer system of claim 91 wherein the second electronic document has the capability to be superimposed on the first electronic document by dragging the second electronic document on top of the first electronic document.

93. The computer system of claim 91 wherein the controllable background of the second electronic document can be adjusted to change the transparency of the second electronic document so that the first electronic document is any one of invisible, partially visible, or totally visible.

94. An article of manufacture comprising:

a machine accessible medium a memory device including instructions that, when executed by a machine, causes the machine to perform operations comprising: specifying of a name of a first electronic document; opening a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document; associating the second electronic document with the first electronic document, whereby the second electronic document has the capability to optionally later change the association to another electronic document that optionally has been created with a different application program than the first electronic document and the second electronic document; marking the second electronic document, whereby changes to the second electronic document have the capability to optionally change the contents of the first electronic document; and optionally exchanging material between the second electronic document and a third electronic document.

95. The article of manufacture of claim 94 wherein said instructions for specifying a first electronic document comprises further instructions for specifying a name of a first electronic document.

96. The article of manufacture of claim 94 further comprising instructions for creating, editing and viewing the second electronic document using any operating system.

97. The article of manufacture of claim 94, wherein said instructions for specifying a name of a first electronic document comprises further instructions for any one of specifying the name of the first electronic document in a directory, or specifying the name of the name of the first electronic document on a desk-top.

98. The article of manufacture of claim 94 wherein said instructions for marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing viewing of the name of the first electronic document comprises further instructions for marking the second electronic document by any one of a user of the second electronic document, or an application program.

99. The article of manufacture of claim 94, wherein the second electronic document has a portable document format (PDF).

100. The article of manufacture of claim 94, further comprising instructions for:

saving the first electronic document; and

saving the second electronic document as a separate electronic document.

101. The article of manufacture of claim 94 wherein the second electronic document can be created, edited and viewed using different application programs than those used to create, edit and view the first electronic document.

102. The article of manufacture of claim 94 wherein said instructions for marking the second electronic document comprise further instructions for marking the second electronic document automatically.

103. The article of manufacture of claim 94 wherein said instructions for marking the second electronic document comprise further instructions for marking the second electronic document without opening the first electronic document.

104. The article of manufacture of claim 94 further comprising instructions for checking for changes to the first electronic document since the second electronic document was last saved.

105. The article of manufacture of claim 104 further comprising instructions for allowing the first electronic document to associate with a different electronic document than the second electronic document, and vice versa.

106. The article of manufacture of claim 94 wherein the second electronic document comprises a suite of tools to edit and manipulate the second electronic document in a number of ways, including:

scrolling through multiple pages of the second electronic document while optionally concurrently scrolling through corresponding pages in the first electronic document;

creating a virtual margin in the second electronic document;

allowing the second electronic document to recognize handwriting in the first electronic document;

encryption and decryption of the second electronic document;

compression and decompression of the second electronic document;

highlighting parts of the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document;

writing in the second electronic document;

drawing in the second electronic document;

attaching audio, video or audio video scripts in the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document; and

copying material from the first electronic document by highlighting or circling the corresponding space in the second electronic document.

107. The article of manufacture of claim 94 wherein the second electronic document has the capability to be superimposed on the first electronic document.

108. The article of manufacture of claim 107 wherein the second electronic document has the capability to be superimposed on the first electronic document by dragging the second electronic document on top of the first electronic document.

109. The article of manufacture of claim 107 wherein the controllable background of the second electronic document can be adjusted to change the transparency of the second electronic document so that the first electronic document is any one of invisible, partially visible, or totally visible.

110. An apparatus comprising:

means for specifying a name of a first electronic document;

means for opening a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document;

means for associating the second electronic document with the first electronic document, whereby the second electronic document has the capability to optionally later change the association to another electronic document that has optionally been created with a different application program than the first electronic document and the second electronic document;

means for marking the second electronic document, whereby changes to the second electronic document have the capability to optionally change the contents of the first electronic document; and

means for optionally exchanging material between the second electronic document and a third electronic document.

111. The apparatus of claim 110 wherein means for specifying the name of the first electronic document comprises means for specifying a name of a first electronic document.

112. The apparatus of claim 110 further comprising means for allowing creating, editing and viewing of a name of the second electronic document using any operating system.

113. The apparatus of claim 110, wherein the means for specifying a name of a first electronic document comprises means for any one of specifying the name of the first electronic document in a directory, or specifying the name of the name of the first electronic document on a desk-top.

114. The apparatus of claim 110, wherein means for marking the second electronic document concurrently with allowing viewing of the name of the first electronic document comprises means for marking the second electronic document by any one of a user of the second electronic document or an application program.

115. The apparatus of claim 110, wherein the second electronic document has a portable document format (PDF).

116. The apparatus of claim 110, further comprising:

means for saving the first electronic document; and

means for saving the second electronic document as a separate electronic document.

117. The apparatus of claim 110 wherein the second electronic document can be created, edited and viewed using different application programs than those used to create, edit and view the first electronic document.

118. The apparatus of claim 110 further comprising means for marking the second electronic document automatically.

119. The apparatus of claim 110 further comprising means for marking the second electronic document without opening the first electronic document.

120. The apparatus of claim 110 further comprising means for checking for changes to the first electronic document since the second electronic document was last saved.

121. The apparatus of claim 120 further comprising means for allowing the first electronic document to associate with a different electronic document than the second electronic document, and vice versa.

122. The apparatus of claim 110 wherein the second electronic document comprises a suite of tools to edit and manipulate the second electronic document in a number of ways, including:

scrolling through multiple pages of the second electronic document while optionally concurrently scrolling through corresponding pages in the first electronic document;

creating a virtual margin in the second electronic document;

allowing the second electronic document to recognize handwriting in the first electronic document;

encryption and decryption of the second electronic document;

compression and decompression of the second electronic document;

highlighting parts of the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document;

writing in the second electronic document;

drawing in the second electronic document;

attaching audio, video or audio video scripts in the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document; and

copying material from the first electronic document by highlighting or circling the corresponding space in the second electronic document.

123. The apparatus of claim 110 wherein the second electronic document has the capability to be superimposed on the first electronic document.

124. The apparatus of claim 123 wherein the second electronic document has the capability to be superimposed on the first electronic document by dragging the second electronic document on top of the first electronic document.

125. The apparatus of claim 123 wherein the controllable background of the second electronic document can be adjusted to change the transparency of the second electronic document so that the first electronic document is any one of invisible, partially visible, or totally visible.

126. A computer system comprising:

a bus;

a data storage device coupled to said bus; and

a processor coupled to said data storage device, said processor operable to receive instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: open a first electronic document; open a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document, and the second electronic document recognizing handwriting in the first electronic document; superimpose the second electronic document over the first electronic document; and mark the second electronic document concurrently with allowing a viewing of the first electronic document, the second electronic document capable of being viewed using any application program so long as the application program processes a format of the second electronic document.

127. A computer system comprising:

a bus;

a data storage device coupled to said bus; and

a processor coupled to said data storage device, said processor operable to receive instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: open a first electronic document; open a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document, and the second electronic document having a portable document format (PDF) format without proprietary tags; superimpose the second electronic document over the first electronic document; and mark the second electronic document concurrently with allowing a viewing of the first electronic document, the second electronic document capable of being viewed using any application program so long as the application program processes a format of the second electronic document.

128. A computer system comprising:

a bus;

a data storage device coupled to said bus; and

a processor coupled to said data storage device, said processor operable to receive instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: open a first electronic document by: searching a directory for a corresponding second electronic document; checking a directory for changes made to the first electronic document since the corresponding second electronic document was created; and providing a user with an option to use the second electronic document or to create a new second electronic document if changes were made to the first electronic document; open the second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document; superimpose the second electronic document over the first electronic document; and mark the second electronic document concurrently with allowing a viewing of the first electronic document, the second electronic document capable of being viewed using any application program so long as the application program processes a format of the second electronic document.

129. A computer system comprising:

a bus;

a data storage device coupled to said bus; and

a processor coupled to said data storage device, said processor operable to receive instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: specify a first electronic document; open a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document; associate the second electronic document with the first electronic document, whereby the second electronic document has the capability to later change the association to another electronic document that optionally has been created with a different application program than the first electronic document and the second electronic document; automatically mark the second electronic document, whereby changes to the second electronic document have the capability to optionally change the contents of the first electronic document; and optionally exchange material between the second electronic document and a third electronic document.

130. A computer system comprising:

a bus;

a data storage device coupled to said bus; and

a processor coupled to said data storage device, said processor operable to receive instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: specify a first electronic document; open a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document; associate the second electronic document with the first electronic document, whereby the second electronic document has the capability to later change the association to another electronic document that optionally has been created with a different application program than the first electronic document and the second electronic document; mark the second electronic document, whereby changes to the second electronic document have the capability to optionally change the contents of the first electronic document; optionally exchange material between the second electronic document and a third electronic document; and check for changes to the first electronic document since the second electronic document was last saved.

131. A computer system comprising:

a bus;

a data storage device coupled to said bus; and

a processor coupled to said data storage device, said processor operable to receive instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: specify a first electronic document; open a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document; associate the second electronic document with the first electronic document, whereby the second electronic document has the capability to later change the association to another electronic document that optionally has been created with a different application program than the first electronic document and the second electronic document; mark the second electronic document, whereby changes to the second electronic document have the capability to optionally change the contents of the first electronic document; and optionally exchange material between the second electronic document and a third electronic document; wherein the second electronic document comprises a suite of tools to edit and manipulate the second electronic document in a number of ways, including: scrolling through multiple pages of the second electronic document while optionally concurrently scrolling through corresponding pages in the first electronic document; creating a virtual margin in the second electronic document; allowing the second electronic document to recognize handwriting in the first electronic document; encryption and decryption of the second electronic document; compression and decompression of the second electronic document; highlighting parts of the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document; writing in the second electronic document; drawing in the second electronic document; attaching audio, video or audio video scripts in the second electronic document to correspond with material in the first electronic document; and copying material from the first electronic document by highlighting or circling the corresponding space in the second electronic document.

132. A computer system comprising:

a bus;

a data storage device coupled to said bus; and

a processor coupled to said data storage device, said processor operable to receive instructions which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: specify a first electronic document; open a second electronic document, the second electronic document having a controllable background to adjust transparency and overlay of the second electronic document, the second electronic document has the capability to be superimposed on the first electronic document by dragging the second electronic document on top of the first electronic document; associate the second electronic document with the first electronic document, whereby the second electronic document has the capability to later change the association to another electronic document that optionally has been created with a different application program than the first electronic document and the second electronic document; mark the second electronic document, whereby changes to the second electronic document have the capability to optionally change the contents of the first electronic document; and optionally exchange material between the second electronic document and a third electronic document.