Integrated proximity sensor and light sensor
Apparatuses and methods to sense proximity and to detect light. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes an emitter of electromagnetic radiation and a detector of electromagnetic radiation; the detector has a sensor to detect electromagnetic radiation from the emitter when sensing proximity, and to detect electromagnetic radiation from a source other than the emitter when sensing visible light. The emitter may be disabled at least temporarily to allow the detector to detect electromagnetic radiation from a source other than the emitter, such as ambient light. In one implementation, the ambient light is measured by measuring infrared wavelengths. Also a fence having a non-IR transmissive material disposed between the emitter and the detector to remove electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter. Other apparatuses and methods and data processing systems and machine readable media are also described.
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This application is a continuation of patent application Ser. No. 12/750,625, filed Mar. 30, 2010; which is a continuation of patent application Ser. No. 11/650,117, filed Jan. 5, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,714,205; which is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 11/600,344, filed Nov. 15, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,728,316, is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, filed Sep. 30, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,653,883, and is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,381,135, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. The application claims the benefit of and claims priority to patent application Ser. No. 12/750,625, filed Mar. 30, 2010; Ser. No. 11/650,117, filed Jan. 5, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,714,265; patent application Ser. No. 11/600,344, filed Nov. 15, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,328,316; patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, filed Sep. 30, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,653,883; and patent application Ser. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, non U.S. Pat. No. 8,381,135.
BACKGROUNDThis invention relates to the field of portable devices and, in particular, to systems and methods for sensing or determining user activities and responding to the user's activities.
Portable devices, such as cell phones, are becoming increasingly common. These portable devices have grown more complex over time, incorporating many features including, for example, MP3 player capabilities, web browsing capabilities, capabilities of personal digital assistants (PDAs) and the like.
Some of these portable devices may include multiple sensors which are used to detect the environment or context associated with these portable devices. For example, U.S. patent application publication no. 2005/0219228 describes a device which includes many sensors, including a proximity sensor and a light sensor. The outputs from the sensors are processed to determine a device context. The light sensor detects ambient light levels and the proximity sensor detects a proximity to an object, such as a user's ear or face. In this case, there are two separate sensors which require two openings in the housing of the device. This is shown in
The various apparatuses and methods described herein relate to an apparatus which senses proximity and detects light, such as ambient light, and to systems, such as data processing stems use an apparatus which senses proximity and also detects light, such as ambient light.
According to one embodiment of the inventions, an apparatus, which both senses proximity and detects light, includes an emitter of electromagnetic radiation and a detector of electromagnetic radiation. The detector is configured to detect electromagnetic radiation, such as infrared (IR) light, emitted from the emitter when the apparatus is configured to sense proximity. The emitter may be disabled at least temporarily to allow the detector to detect electromagnetic radiation from a source other than the emitter. In this case, the emitter may be disabled by turning power off for the emitter or by closing a shutter on the emitter to block radiation from being emitted to the environment or by other implementations which prevent the emitter's radiation from being detected by the detector. In an alternative implementation, rather than disabling the emitter the output from the detector may be processed, using known signal processing algorithms, to subtract the effect of the radiation detected from the emitter in order to produce a resultant signal which represents the radiation from sources other than the emitter. This may involve measuring proximity first to determine an amplitude and phase of a known signal from the emitter (e.g. a square wave signal with a known frequency and pulse width) and then subtracting this known signal from a detected signal from the detector. Alternatively, if the emitter has sufficiently long “on” and “off” pulses during its square wave signal, the detector may be configured to measure ambient light during one or more of the “off” pulses without having to turn off the emitter.
According to another embodiment of the inventions, a data processing system includes a proximity sensor to sense a proximity and to detect electromagnetic radiation when the proximity sensor is not sensing proximity. The proximity sensor includes an emitter of electromagnetic radiation (e.g. IR light) and a detector of electromagnetic radiation from the emitter when the sensor is sensing proximity. The data processing system also may include at least one of a display or an input device and also may include at least one processor which is coupled to the proximity sensor and which is configured to determine, based at least upon data from the proximity sensor, whether to modify a state (e.g. a setting) of the data processing system. The data from the proximity sensor may include data relating to proximity and data relating to ambient light measurements or other light measurements. The processor may modify the state of the data processing system automatically in response to a user activity, relative to the system, as indicated by the data from the proximity sensor, including both proximity data and ambient light data.
According to another embodiment of the inventions, a method of operating a proximity sensor, which provides light sensor capabilities, includes emitting light from an emitter of the proximity, sensor, detecting, through a detector of the proximity sensor, light from the emitter, and sensing light, from a source other than the emitter at the detector. The detector is configured, in as proximity sensing mode, to detect light from the emitter to determine proximity. The detector may sense light from a source other than the emitter by having the emitter disabled or by having its output signal processed to remove the effect of light from the emitter.
Embodiments of the inventions may also provide apparatus, systems, methods of use, and software related to a combined proximity sensor and ambient light sensor (ALS). The combined sensor may include a proximity sensor portion that overlaps with an ALS sensor portion. The ALS portion of the combined sensor may include two sensors (e.g., phototransistors), one with a filter having a passband that only passes infrared (IR) (e.g., IR light), and one with a filter having a passband that passes both IR and visible light (VL). The output of the IR sensor may then be subtracted from the output of the IR and VL sensor to produce a passband that only passes VL. This subtracted value may be used to detect ambient light. The proximity sensor portion of the combined sensor may be comprised of an IR emitting diode and a phototransistor having a filter having a passband that only passes IR. According to some embodiments, the phototransistor and filter for the proximity sensor portion are the same phototransistor and filter (having a passband that only passes IR) that is used by the ALS portion of the sensor.
Embodiments of the inventions may also include an anti-reflective fence for the ambient light sensor portion and or the proximity sensor portion. For example, a “fence” having a non-IR transmissive surface or material may be disposed between the IR emitter and one or both of the phototransistors. The fence may extend to an anti-glare covering or hardcoat above the emitter (e.g., a covering on the very outside of the sensor or device the sensor is a part of) having refractive properties that cause IR from the emitter to reflect back into one or both of the phototransistors causing erroneous readings for the proximity sensor and/or ALS.
Other apparatuses, data processing systems, methods and machine readable media are also described.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements.
Various embodiments and aspects of the inventions will be described with reference to details discussed below, and the accompanying drawings will illustrate the various embodiments. The following description and drawings are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the present invention. However, in certain instances, well-known or conventional details are not described in order to provide a concise discussion of embodiments of the present inventions.
Some portions of the detailed descriptions which follow are presented in terms of algorithms which include operations on data stored within a computer memory. An algorithm is generally a self-consistent sequence of operations leading to a desired result. The operations typically require or involve physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, can refer to the action and processes of a data processing system, or similar electronic device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the system's memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
The present invention can relate to an apparatus for performing one or more of the operations described herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a machine (e.g. computer) readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), erasable programmable ROMs (EPROMs), electrically erasable programmable ROMs (EEPROMs), magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a bus.
A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine-readable medium includes read only memory (“ROM”); random access memory (“RAM”); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.); etc.
At least certain embodiments of the present inventions include one or more sensors to monitor user activity. At least certain embodiments of the present inventions also include automatically changing a state of the portable device based on user activity, such as, for example, automatically activating or deactivating a backlight of a display device of the portable device or setting an input device of the portable device to a particular state, based on certain predetermined user activities.
At least certain embodiments of the inventions may be part of a digital media player, such as a portable music and/or video media player, which may include a media processing system to present the media, a storage device to store the media and may further include a radio frequency (RF) transceiver (e.g., an RF transceiver for a cellular telephone) coupled with an antenna system and the media processing system. In certain embodiments, media stored on a remote storage device may be transmitted to the media player through the RF transceiver. The media may be, for example, one or more of music or other audio, still pictures, or motion pictures.
The portable media player may include a media selection device, such as a click wheel input device on an iPod®, or iPod Nano®, media player from Apple Computer, Inc. of Cupertino, Calif., as touch screen input device, pushbutton device, movable pointing input device or other input device. The media selection device may be used to select the media stored on the storage device and/or the remote storage device. The portable media player may, in at least certain embodiments, include a display device which is coupled to the media processing system to display titles or other indicators of media being selected through the input device and being presented, either through a speaker or earphone(s), or on the display device, or on both display device and a speaker or earphone(s). Examples of a portable media player are described in published U.S. patent application numbers 2003/0095096 and 2004/0224638, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Embodiments of the inventions described herein may be part of other types of data processing systems, such as, for example, entertainment systems or personal digital assistants (PDAs), or general purpose computer systems, or special purpose computer systems, or an embedded device within another device, or cellular telephones which do not include media players, or devices which combine aspects or functions of these devices (e.g., a media player, such as an iPod®, combined with a PDA, an entertainment system, and a cellular telephone in one portable device).
The display device 34 is shown positioned at an upper portion of the housing 32, and the input device 36 is shown positioned at a lower portion of the housing 32. The antenna 42 is shown extending from the housing 32 at an upper portion of the housing 32. The speaker 38 is also shown at an upper portion of the housing 32 above the display device 34. The microphone 40 is shown at a lower portion of the housing 32, below the input device 36. It will be appreciated that the speaker 38 and microphone 40 can be positioned at any location on the housing, but are typically positioned in accordance with a user's ear and mouth, respectively. The proximity sensor 44 is shown at or near the speaker 38 and at least partially within the housing 32. The accelerometer 46 is shown at a lower portion of the housing 32 and within the housing 32. It will be appreciated that the particular locations of the above-described features may vary in alternative embodiments.
The display device 34 may be, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) which does not include the ability to accept inputs or a touch input screen which also includes an LCD. The input device 36 may include, for example, buttons, switches, dials, sliders, keys or keypad, navigation pad, touch pad, touch screen, and the like.
Any well-known speaker, microphone and antenna can be used for speaker 38, microphone 40 and antenna 42, respectively.
The proximity sensor 44 may detect location (e.g. at least one of X, Y, Z), direction of motion, speed, etc. of objects relative to the wireless device 30. A location of an object relative to the wireless device can be represented as a distance in at least certain embodiments. The proximity sensor may generate location or movement data or both, which may be used to determine the location of objects relative to the portable device 30 and/or proximity sensor 44. An example of a proximity sensor is shown in
In addition, a processing device (not shown) is coupled to the proximity sensor(s) 44. The processing device may be used to determine the location of objects relative to the portable device 30 or proximity sensor 44 or both based on Inc location and or movement data provided by the proximity sensor 44. The proximity sensor may continuously or periodically monitor the object location. The proximity sensor may also be able to determine the type of object it is detecting.
Additional information about proximity sensors can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, titled “PROXIMITY DETECTOR IN HANDHELD DEVICE,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/240,788, titled “PROXIMITY DETECTOR IN HANDHELD DEVICE;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/165,958, titled “METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOTELY DETECTING PRESENCE,” filed Jun. 23, 2005; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,583,676, titled “PROXIMITY/TOUCH DETECTOR AND CALIBRATION CIRCUIT,” issued Jun. 24, 2003, all of which re incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
According to one embodiment, the accelerometer 46 is able to detect a movement including an acceleration or de-acceleration of the wireless device. The accelerometer 46 may generate movement data for multiple dimensions, which may be used to determine a direction of movement of the wireless device. For example, the accelerometer 46 may generate X, Y and Z axis acceleration information when the accelerometer 46 detects that the portable device is moved. In one embodiment, the accelerometer 46 may be implemented as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,520,013, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Alternatively, the accelerometer 46 may be a KGF01 accelerometer from Kionix or an ADXL311 accelerometer from Analog Devices or other accelerometers which are known in the art.
In addition, a processing device (not shown) is coupled to the accelerometer(s) 46. The processing device may be used to calculate a direction of movement also referred to as a movement vector of the wireless device 30. The movement vector may be determined according to one or more predetermined formulas based on the movement data (e.g., movement in X, Y and Z) provided by accelerometer 46. The processing device may be integrated with the accelerometer 46 or integrated with other components, as, for example, a chipset of a microprocessor, of the portable device.
The accelerometer 46 may continuously or periodically monitor the movement the portable device. As a result, an orientation of the portable device prior to the movement and after the movement may be determined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometer attached to the portable device.
Additional information about accelerometers can be found in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/986,730, filed Nov. 12, 2004, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The data acquired from the proximity sensor 44 and the accelerometer 46 can be combined together, or used alone, to gather information about the user's activities. The data from the proximity sensor 44, the accelerometer 46 or both can be used, for example, to activate/deactivate a display backlight, initiate commands, make selections, control scrolling or other movement in a display, control input device settings, or to make other changes to one or more settings of the device.
In one embodiment, the display/input device 54 may include a multi-point touch input screen in addition to being a display, such as an LCD. In one embodiment, the multi-point touch screen is a capacitive sensing medium configured to detect multiple touches (e.g., blobs on the display from a user's face or multiple fingers concurrently touching or nearly touching the display) or near touches (e.g., blobs on the display) that occur at the same time and at distinct locations in the plane of the touch panel and to produce distinct signals representative of the location of the touches on the plane of the touch panel for each of the multiple touches. Additional information about multi-point input touch screens can be found in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, filed May 6, 2004 (see published U.S. patent application 20060097991), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A multi-point input touch screen may also be referred to as a multi-touch input panel.
A processing device (not shown) may be coupled to the display/input device 54. The processing device may be used to calculate touches on the touch panel. The display/input device 54 can use the detected touch (e.g., blob or blobs front a user's face) data to, for example, identify the location of certain objects and to also identify the type of object touching for nearly touching) the display/input device 54.
The data acquired from the proximity sensor 62 and the display/input device 54 can be combined to gather information about the user's activities as described herein. The data from the proximity sensor 62 and the display/input device 54 can be used to change one or more settings of the portable device 50, such as, for example, change an illumination setting of the display/input device 54.
In one embodiment, as shown in
In at least certain embodiments, the portable device 70 may contain components which provide one or more of the functions of a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a media player, an entertainment system, a PDA, or other types of devices described herein. In one implementation of an embodiment, the portable device 70 may be a cellular telephone integrated with a media player which plays MP3 files, such as MP3 music files.
Each of the devices shown in
Wireless device 100 may include an antenna system 101. Wireless device 100 may also include a digital and/or analog radio frequency (RF) transceiver 102, coupled to the antenna system 101, to transmit and/or receive voice, digital data and/or media signals through antenna system 101.
Wireless device 100 may also include a digital processing system 103 to control the digital RF transceiver and to manage the voice, digital data and or media signals. Digital processing system 103 may be a general purpose processing device, such as a microprocessor or controller for example. Digital processing system 103 may also be a special purpose processing device, such as an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), FPGA (field-programmable gate array) or DSP (digital signal processor). Digital processing system 103 may also include other devices, as are known in the art, to interface with other components of wireless device 100. For example, digital processing system 103 may include analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters to interface with other components of wireless device 100. Digital processing system 103 may include a media processing system 109, which may also include a general purpose or special purpose processing device to manage media, such as files of audio data.
Wireless device 100 may also include a storage device 104 coupled to the digital processing system, to store data and/or operating programs for the wireless device 100. Storage device 104 may be, for example, any type of solid-state or magnetic memory device.
Wireless device 100 may also include one or more input devices 105, coupled to the digital processing system 103, to accept user inputs (e.g., telephone numbers, names, addresses, media selections, etc.) Input device 105 may be, for example, one or more of a keypad, a touchpad, a touch screen, a pointing device in combination with a display device or similar input device.
Wireless device 100 may also include at least one display device 106, coupled to the digital processing system 103, to display information such as messages, telephone call information, contact information, pictures, movies and/or titles or other indicators of media being selected via the input device 105. Display device 106 may be, for example, an LCD display device. In one embodiment, display device 106 and input device 105 may be integrated together in the same device (e.g., a touch screen LCD such as a multi-touch input panel which is integrated with a display device, such as an LCD display device). Examples of a touch input panel and a display integrated together are shown in U.S. published application No. 20060097991. The display desire 106 may include a backlight 106a to illuminate the display device 106 under certain circumstances. It will be appreciated that the wireless device 100 may include multiple displays.
Wireless device 100 may also include a battery 107 to supply operating power to components of the system including digital RE transceiver 102, digital processing system 103, storage device 104, input device 105, microphone 105A, audio transducer 108, media processing system 109, sensor(s) 110, and display device 106. Battery 107 may be, for example, a rechargeable or non-rechargeable lithium or nickel metal hydride battery.
Wireless device 100 may also include audio transducers 108, which may include one or more speakers, and at least one microphone 105A.
Wireless device 100 may also include one or more sensors 110 coupled to the digital processing system 103. The sensor(s) 110 may include, for example, one or more of a proximity sensor, accelerometer, touch input panel, ambient light sensor, ambient noise sensor, temperature sensor, gyroscope, a hinge detector, a position determination device, an orientation determination device, a motion sensor, a sound sensor, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave sensor, and other types of sensors and combinations thereof. Based on the data acquired by the sensor(s) 110, various responses may be performed automatically by the digital processing system, such as, for example, activating or deactivating the backlight 106a, changing a setting of the input device 105 (e.g. switching between processing, or not processing, as an intentional user input, any input data from an input device), and other responses and combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, digital RE transceiver 102, digital processing system 103 and/or storage device 104 may include one or more integrated circuits disposed on a printed circuit board (PCB).
During operation, the light from the emitter 122 hits an object and scatters when the object is present above the window 126. The light from the emitter may be emitted in square wave pulses which have a known frequency, thereby allowing the detector 124 to distinguish between ambient light and light from emitter 122 which is reflected by an object, such as the user's head or ear or a material in a user's pocket, back to the detector 124. At least a portion of the scattered light is reflected towards the detector 124. The increase in light intensity is detected by the detector 124, and this is interpreted by a processing system (not shown in
In one embodiment, the emitter 122 and detector 124 are disposed within the housing of a portable device, as described above with reference to
In
A proximity sensor in one embodiment of the inventions includes the ability to both sense proximity and detect electromagnetic radiation, such as light, from a source other than the emitter of the proximity sensor. One implementation of this embodiment may use an emitter of IR light and a detector of IR light to both sense proximity (when detecting IR light from the emitter) and to detect IR light from sources other than the emitter. The use of IR light for both the emitter and the detector of the proximity sensor may be advantageous because IR light is substantially present in most sources of ambient light (such as sunshine, incandescent lamps, LED light sources, candles, and to some extent, even fluorescent lamps). Thus, the detector can detect ambient IR light, which will generally represent, in most environments, ambient light levels at wavelengths other than IR, and use the ambient IR light level to effectively and reasonably accurately represent ambient light levels at wavelengths other than IR.
A method of operating a proximity sensor which includes the ability to both sense proximity and detect light is shown in
Covering 1326 may have the same or different transmissivity properties for different wavelengths, wavelength bands (e.g., visible light and IR light), signal wavelength peaks, frequencies, frequency bands and/or signal frequency peaks of electromagnetic radiation. In some cases, covering 1326 may be described as a filter having a passband transmissivity for visible light and infrared light, such as to pass visible and IR light from incandescent bulbs and fluorescent bulb, as well as radiation 1370 and 1374. Covering 1326 may be described as passing emitted radiation 1370 or reflected radiation 1374 with a transmissivity similar or equal to that for which it passes ambient IR. According to embodiments, covering 1326 may pass only visible and IR light (e.g., only radiation in the visible light and IR band). Moreover, the transmissivity of covering 1326 may be a result of, caused by, or based on radiation passing through a coating of the covering, such as coating 1328. Coating 1328 may be a film, “hardcoat”, ink, spray of dark or black color, and the like on the inside and/or outside surface of covering 1326.
Emitter 1322 is showing emitting emitted radiation 1370 which may be refracted as refracted radiation 1372 by covering 1326. Refracted radiation 1372 may be a portion of the intensity of radiation 1370 refracted back towards detector 1324 (and/or emitter 1322) by covering 1326, such as by inner surface 1327 and/or coating 1328. Emitter 1322 may be an infrared (IR) light emitter or transmitter, and may emit IR light modulated at a modulation frequency. Thus, radiation 1370 may be an emission of the IR light modulated with a modulation frequency to form a modulated frequency signal (e.g., a combined or modulated signal that has a modulated frequency that is the emitter IR light modulated with the modulation signal). The modulated frequency signal may have a signal frequency peak (such as in the frequency domain, according to a Fourier Transform) at the frequency of the IR light of radiation 1370 (e.g., light emitted by a diode or LED in an having an IR peak and/or in an IR bandwidth) as well as at the modulation frequency.
Also, radiation 1370 may be reflected by object 1388 such as shown by reflected emitter radiation 1374, which may be received by detector 1324. That is, detector 1324 may receive radiation 1374 incident upon the outer surface of covering 1326 and passing through (or filtered by) covering 1326 and incident upon detector 1324. Object 1388 may be an object located distal to or outside of the outer surface of covering 1326, such as an object having a light and/or an IR light reflective surface, like an ear, a finger, a mouth, a material on the inside of a pant or shirt pocket, hair, surface of a person's face, and the like.
Object 1388 is shown having proximity D to combined sensor 1320. Proximity may be described as the straight line distance between an object and combined sensor 1320. For instance,
In addition, detector 1324 may receive ambient radiation 1372 incident upon the outer surface of covering 1326 and passing through (or filtered by) covering 1326 and incident upon detector 1324. The term “radiation” as used herein may describe electromagnetic radiation, light, fluorescent light, incandescent light, visible light, ambient light (visible and/or IR), and/or infrared (IR) light (e.g., ambient IR light, emitted IR light, reflected IR light, refracted IR light, modulated IR light and/or emitted modulated IR light).
For instance,
It can be appreciated that, ambient visible light and ambient infrared light may be emitted by a fluorescent type light bulb, such as a bulb that uses an arc of electrical energy thought a gas to produce a larger amount of visible light (e.g., visible light photons) than IR light at a low heat. Comparatively ambient visible light and ambient infrared light may be emitted by an incandescent type light bulb, such as a bulb that uses a heated filament to produce a larger amount of IR light than visible light at a high heat. Specifically, the incandescent type bulb emits a greater intensity of IR radiation (and heat) from a filament by using an electrical current running through the resistive filament, as compared to a lesser intensity of IR radiation emitted from gas molecule electrons dropping quantum excitation states in a fluorescent bulb using an electrical voltage arc to excite the electrons. Thus, an intensity of ambient visible light may be proportional to, related to, based on determined from, calculated from, or otherwise derived from an intensity or level of ambient IR light from an ambient of fluorescent light bulbs and/or incandescent light bulbs. More particularly, such ambient light may have electromagnetic radiation in or at visible light and IR light wavelength peaks, spectrums and/or bandwidths. In some cases, a visible light wavelength bandwidth may be separated from an IR light wavelength bandwidth by a threshold wavelength or frequency. The threshold may be described as dividing the two bandwidths; and may be included in either, both, or neither bandwidth.
Filter 1356 may be described as a passband filter for IR light, but not passing visible light, such as to pass IR light from incandescent bulbs and fluorescent bulb, as well as radiation 1370 and 1374, but not to pass visible light from incandescent bulbs and fluorescent bulb. According to embodiments, filter 1356 may pass only IR light (e.g., only radiation in the IR band).
Sensor 1350 may be described as a sensor configured to detect electromagnetic radiation from emitter 1322, and ambient radiation 1372. For example, sensor 1350 may be able to detect radiation 1374 and radiation 1372 as filtered by covering 1326. Thus, sensor 1350 may be described as configured to detect electromagnetic radiation from emitter 1322, and/or ambient radiation 1372 when combined sensor 1320 or detector 1324 is configured to sense light, ambient light, and/or visible light.
Specifically, being “configured to detect” as described herein may describe the capability of a sensor to detect or sense different wavelengths, wavelength bands (e.g., visible light and IR light), wavelength peaks, frequencies, frequency bands and/or frequency peaks of electromagnetic radiation depending on the wavelengths of emitted radiation, modulation of emitted radiation, and transmissivity of filters between the electromagnetic radiation and the sensor. Moreover, the terms “processing logic” as described herein may describe an apparatus, an electronic device, a processor, processing logic, passive circuitry, active circuitry, electronic hardware, software, a system, a module, a component, a processor, a memory, registers and/or a combination of any or all of the above. Similarly, the term “sensor” may include the above descriptions for processing logic. Also use of the term “detect” and derivations therefrom may be similar to that described herein for use of the term “sense” and derivations thereof, and vice versa. Moreover, use of the term “scale” or “scaling” may describe using a scale value or scalar stored in a memory, logic, processing logic, register, or scaler to multiply, increase, or decrease the amplitude or intensity of a signal or value (e.g., such as a detected or sensed intensity or amplitude). In some cases, scaling may describe attenuating or amplifying a signal (such as an output of a sensor or photodiode) to apply a “gain” to the signal, such as using processing logic, software, and the like. Likewise, a “scaler” may describe a signal attenuator, resistor, divider or amplifier.
According to some embodiments, sensor 1350 may be configured to detect electromagnetic radiation from a source other than emitter 1322 when combined sensor 1320 is sensing visible light, such as by covering 1326 allowing the visible light to be detected or sensed by sensor 1350. For example, when sensing light, such as ambient light, sensor 1350 may be configured to detect ambient radiation 1372 including ambient visible light and ambient IR light, but not to detect radiation 1374, because emitter 1322 is not emitting, is not turned on is covered is not exposed, or is filtered out of the signal detected by sensor 1350 (such as by being filtered out by logic 1330). In this case, sensor 1350 may be described as an ambient visible light and ambient IR light sensor. Sensor 1350 may be used to sense ambient light, ambient visible light, and/or to perform ALS.
Logic 1330 may be coupled to detector 1324 and emitter 4322 by couplings such as signal lines, electronic wires, electronic traces, cables, and the like for sending and receiving power, grounding, signals and the like between logic 1330 and emitter 1322 and/or detector 1324. In some cases, the coupling 1332 between logic 1330 and emitter 1322 may allow logic 1330 to modulate the emitter IR light and/or to turn the emitter on and off. Also, coupling 1332 may allow logic 1330 to control or sense when emitter 1322 is emitting, not emitting, and/or modulating radiation 1370. For example, see
Sensor 1352 may be a sensor as described above for sensor 1350, except that sensor 1352 is covered with or has filter 1356 disposed between sensor 1352 and radiation 1370, 1374, and 1372. Thus, sensor 1352 may detect electromagnetic radiation from radiation 1370, radiation 1374, and/or ambient IR radiation from radiation 1372, but may not receive detect, or sense visible light from radiation 1372.
According to some embodiments, sensor 1352 is configured to detect radiation 1372, but not radiation 1370, or radiation 1374 (e.g., by emitter 1322 not emitting, not being turned on or being covered). In this case, although sensor 1352, receives ambient IR light, but does not receive light from radiation 1372 and 1374. In this case, sensor 1352 may be described as an ambient IR light sensor. Sensor 1352 may be used to sense ambient light, ambient IR light, and/or to perform ALS.
In some cases, sensor 1352 is configured to detect radiation 1370 or radiation 1374 (e.g., by emitter 1322 emitting radiation 1370 which is reflected by object 1388), but not radiation 1372 (e.g., by subtracting or filtering out ambient visible and infrared light from radiation 1372). In this case, although sensor 1352 may receive IR light from radiation 1372 and 1374, the IR light from radiation 1372 may be filtered out by logic 1330. For instance, radiation 1370 may be IR radiation modulated at a frequency of a modulation signal, such as a square wave, sine waver, or other modulation signal waveform (such as by being modulated by a modulation signal at a frequency between 1 Hz and 300 KHz, such as 5 KHz or 200 KHz). Thus IR light from radiation 1372 may be filtered out by determining a modulation frequency or waveform of radiation 1374 and subtracting ambient IR from radiation 1372 from modulated radiation 1374. This subtraction may be performed by bandpass filtering to pass signals at the modulation frequency and/or modulated frequency of modulated radiation 1374, but not to pass the frequency of the ambient light. In this case, sensor 1352 may be described as a transmitted or emitted IR light sensor. Sensor 1352 may be used to sense proximity of the object to combined sensor 1120.
Thus, sensor 1352 may be described as configured to detect radiation from emitter 1322 by being configured with covering 1326, filter 1356, and logic 1330, when combined sensor 1320 is sensing proximity. However, in this instance, sensor 1352 is not configured to detect or sense either visible light or ambient IR light.
Scaler 1462 is shown including scale value S1, such as a value for scaling output 1430 to determine, create or calculate value 1434. Similarly, scaler 1464 is shown including scale value S2, such as a value for multiplying or scaling output 1432 to determine, create or calculate value 1436. Scalers 1462 and 1464 may include processing logic as described herein. Similarly, scale value S1 and scale value S2 may be stored, written to or saved in memory, registers and/or processing logic as described herein. Thus, scaler 1462, 1464, value S1 and/or value S2 may be used to scale the outputs of sensors 1350 and 1352 so that the ambient IR detected by both sensors can be scaled to an equal intensity (e.g., equal with respect to an amplitude at one or mote similar wavelengths) or substantially equal intensity. Herein, the term “substantial” may refer to 100 percent or all of value, or, in some cases, a range within 1, 2 or 5 percent of that value. Conversely, the term “insubstantial” may refer to a zero or null valued, or, in some cases, a range within 1, 2 or 5 percent of that value.
Subtractor 1466 may be used to subtract outputs 1434 and 1436. For example, where the ambient infrared received by sensors 1350 and 1352 are scaled to equal intensities or levels, subtractor 1466 may subtract output 1436 from output 1434 to determine, create or calculate output 1438 that excludes the ambient infrared signals detected and/or includes only the ambient visible light. Thus, because the IR transmissive link (e.g., filter 1356 and/or covering 1326) has drastically different properties depending on the type of light (fluorescent, incandescent, etc.), different gains (e.g., scaling) can be applied to the output of each sensor (e.g., scaling of one or more of sensor outputs 1430 and/or 1432) before the outputs can be subtracted (e.g., by subtractor 1466). Subtractor 1466 may include processing logic as described herein.
It is contemplated that the scaling and subtracting described above for combined sensor 1320, detector 1324, covering 1326, filter 1356, sensor 1350, sensor 1352, scaler 1462, scaler 1464, value S1, value S2, and/or subtractor 1466 may also be applied during emission, sensing and detection of radiation 1370 and 1374. Specifically, the concepts described above apply during emission of radiation 1370 and detection of radiation 1374, even when combined sensor 1320 is sensing ambient light or visible light. Thus, in addition to being able to subtract ambient infrared light, combined sensor 1320 is able to subtract emitted light from the ambient or visible light.
Scaler 1468 may scale or multiply subtractor output 1438 by value S3 to create scaler output 1440. For example, scaler 1468 may include processing logic to multiply output 1438 to scale down value 1438 when the amount of ambient IR received is greater than the amount of visible light (e.g., when the ratio of output 1438/output 1436 is greater than 1). This scaling may reduce the visible light determined cu calculated by the sensor in instances where that value is overestimated because the ambient infrared is a greater portion of radiation 1372 than the ambient visible light.)
Logic 1330 also includes waveform generator 1460 for generating a modulation signal or frequency to modulate IR light transmitted by emitter 1322. Waveform generator 1460 may generate a modulation signal as described for coupling 1332, sensor 1352, intensity D of
It is considered that proximity logic 1467 may determine a proximity of object 1388 from the distinguished reflected modulated light (e.g., from output 1433 from radiation 1374 distinguished from ambient IR by its modulation frequency) when in proximity mode by comparing the distinguished reflected modulated light to one or more threshold values (e.g., using one or more comparators of logic 1467, such as to compare output 1433 to the values). A setting of a display illuminator may be decreased if the distinguished reflected modulated light is greater than the threshold value (e.g., indicating the sensor is close to the object) to save power or battery life.
Also, it is considered that logic 1330 may determine a visible light intensity of ambient radiation 1372 from the visible light detected (e.g., from output 1438 or 1440) when in ALS mode by comparing the visible light detected to one or more threshold values (e.g., using a comparator of logic 1330, such as to compare output 1440 to the values). A peak intensity (e.g., the highest amplitude within the visual wavelength band), average intensity (e.g., average of the amplitude within the visual wavelength band), area under the intensity curve (e.g., area under intensity B, scaled or not scaled by S3) within the visual wavelength band (e.g., determined by a sum of the intensity values, integration, and/or processing logic, such as a capacitor integrator) may be compared to the threshold value. A setting of a display illuminator may be decreased if the visible light detected is less than the threshold value (e.g., indicating the sensor is close to the object) to save power or battery life.
It can be appreciated that according to some embodiments, combined sensor 1320 may be a combined proximity sensor and ALS able to sense proximity and the ALS using only a single emitter (emitter 1322) and only two sensors or phototransistors. To this end, combined sensor 1320 may be described as having ALS portion and a proximity sensor portion which overlap or share at least a cover, a fence, a sensor (e.g., phototransistor), a filter, and or processing logic). The ALS portion (see PALS of
As noted above, Emitter 1322 may be an infrared (IR) light emitter emitting radiation 1370, a portion of which passes through cover 1326 (e.g., some of which may become radiation 1374 incident upon the cover), and another portion which is refracted by cover 1326 as radiation 1372. Thus, fence 1310 may be used to prohibit, remove or reduce a substantial amount of emitted radiation 1370 from being refracted into a proximity sensor and the ALS, or combined proximity sensor and ALS (e.g., by physically subtracting, inhibiting, reducing the wavelength of light emitted from passing through the fence). Fence 1310 may be described as removing the emitted radiation 1370 from reaching the detector, prior to the emitted radiation passing through cover 1326. Fence 1310 may extend from the covering (e.g., surface 1327) to below a location where the emitter radiation refracted by the covering would reach either of sensors 1350 or 1352 (e.g., phototransistors 1450 or 1452), to minimize reflection of the refracted radiation into those sensors.
Fence 1310 is shown extending into groove 1312 below surface 1342 and surface 1344 and up to inner surface 1327 of covering 1326. Surface 1342 may be a surface on which emitter 1322 is disposed or mounted. Surface 1344 may be a surface upon which detector 1324 is disposed or mounted. Surface 1342 and surface 1344 may be parallel surfaces or surfaces that are not parallel but have different heights with respect to the bottom of groove 1312.
Fence 1310 may be coupled to groove 1312 such as by being attached, bonded, adhered, glued, removably attached, permanently attached (e.g., such as being removed only by damaging surface 1342, 1344, and or groove 1312) to groove 1312. Specifically, fence 1310 may be coupled to groove 1312 by an adhesive, bonding, heat processing (such as to melt or combine the material of fence 1310 and/or groove 1312), and/or mechanically disposed to be retained in groove 1312 (e.g., such as by having size tolerances with respect to thickness TH and height H that maintain fence 1310 in groove 1312 even during flexing of surfaces 1342, 1344, groove 1312 and/or surfaces of covering 1326).
Fence 1310 may be coupled to inner surface 1327 (or a groove in the inner surface) of covering 1326 similarly to the description above for fence 1310 being coupled to groove 1312. In addition, fence 1310 may be adjacent to, or touching, inner surface 1327 of covering 1326. In some cases, adhesive used to attach or couple fence 1310 to surface 1327 and/or groove 1312 may be adhesive or other material extending outward from surface 1327, 1342 and/or 1344 adjacent to fence 1310 to form a ridge to retain the fence in position (e.g., such as without having the adhesive dry while touching the fence).
Also, it is considered that during use of combined sensor 1320, and insubstantial gap may exist between fence 1310 and surface 1327, such as a gap through which an insubstantial amount of radiation 1370 is refracted by surface 1327 and received by detector 1324. For example, an amount of refracted radiation 1372 may be received by detector 1324 which effects proximity distance and/or ambient light determinations or calculations by less than five percent. Such a gap may occur during flexing of surface 1342, groove 1312, surface 1344 and/or surface 1327.
According to embodiments, a coupling, similar to that described for coupling fence 1310 to groove 1312, may also exist at surface 1327. Similarly, a coupling such as described above between fence 1310 and surface 1327 may exist between fence 1310 and surface 1342 and/or 1344. Also, the couplings shown may be reversed. In some cases, the couplings to a groove or a surface described may exist between one or both ends of width W of fence 1310 and a sidewall surface.
Fence 1310 may comprise a plastic, metal, alloy, organic, inorganic, semiconductor, conductive, or non-electrically conductive material. Moreover, in some cases, the material of fence 1310 may be the same material as that of surface 1327, 1342 and/or 1344. For example, fence 1310 may be an extension of the material that forms surface 1342 and/or surface 1344. Likewise, fence 1310 may be an extension of the material that farms covering 1326 and/or surface 1327.
Fence 1310 may have transmissivity properties that do not allow for any, prohibit, or substantially reduce reflection or refraction of radiation 1327 by surface 1327, covering 1326 or coating 1328. For example, fence 1310 may be 100% non-transmissive for radiation 1370 or infrared light. It can be appreciated, that the material of fence 1310 or a coating on the material of fence 1310 may provide the transmissivity properties of fence 1310. For example, fence 1310 may be coated with a film, spray, or other coating as described above for covering 1326 (e.g., a coating similar to coating 1328, but on the outside surface of fence 1310), but having the transmissivity properties described above for fence 1310.
In accordance with embodiments having a proximity detector separate from an ambient light sensor (ALS), a fence similar to fence 1310 may be disposed between the proximity emitter and the proximity sensor, and another such fence may be disposed between the proximity emitter and the ALS. For example, the emitter and sensors may be in a linear relationship where the proximity sensor is between the emitter and the ALS, and a fence is between the proximity sensor and each of the emitter and the ALS. In this case, the ALS may be an ALS as known in the art, such as an ALS that does not have sensors to determine proximity or receive radiation 1370 or 1374.
It can be appreciated that wavelengths in bandwidth 1510 (e.g., below WIR 1520) may be described as a wavelength band of visible light, such us a band including the wavelength peak for visible light from various incandescent light, filament light, and fluorescent light bulbs. Also, the wavelengths in bandwidth 1530 (e.g., above WIR 1520) may be described as a wavelength hand of ambient infrared light as well as radiation 1370. For instance, the wavelength above WIR include peak frequencies for ambient IR emitted by various fluorescent type and incandescent type light bulbs, as well as IR wavelengths for radiation 1370.
Thus, by sealing the ambient IR of intensity B to have an amplitude (e.g., peak amplitude BP) similar to the peak amplitude of intensity A (e.g., peak AP) it is possible to subtract the scaled value of intensity B from intensity A to remove the ambient IR and determine (e.g., using processing logic and sensor outputs) or calculate the ambient visible light. It can be appreciated, this scaling and subtraction may also remove or subtract out radiation 1370 or 1374 from the ambient visible light. For example, the visible light may be equal to intensity A minus (x·intensity B), or determined according to the equation:
VL=A−xB a)
In the example described for
In addition, in some embodiments, the result of the subtraction may optionally be further scaled depending on the ration of ambient IR light to ambient visible light received by the detector. For instance, in some embodiments, intensity C may be further scaled depending on the amount of ambient infrared light detected by combined sensor 1320, such as to account for an amount that the detector overestimates what a person's eye sees or perceives of the incandescent visual ambient light, such as compared to florescent light. Thus, intensity C may be scaled down when the received ambient light is primarily for incandescent light as opposed to florescent or other non-incandescent light (e.g., a sort of auto-white balancing). In some cases, intensity C (e.g., output 1438) may be scaled by scaler 1468 (e.g., by scale value S3) to determine, create or calculate output scaled visible light (VL′) (e.g., output 1440). Specifically, intensity C may be scaled by (e.g., scale value S3 may be) an incandescent light factor (X1) or a fluorescent light factor (XF) depending on the ratio of intensity ambient IR (IRA) to ambient visible light (VLA). According to embodiments, the ratio of IRA to VLA may be equal to or determined by the ratio of total power (e.g., summed or integrated over the entire frequency range), or the peak power (e.g., at a peak power frequency) of intensity B/intensity C. Also, the ratio of IRA to VLA may be equal to or determined by the ratio of total power (e.g., summed or integrated over the entire frequency range), or the peak power (e.g., at a peak power frequency) of the visual light bandwidth of intensity A over the IR bandwidth of intensity A. For example, when IRA/VLA≦1, the scaled visible light (VL′) may be scaled or determined according to the equation:
VL′=X1 VL. b)
Also, when IRA/VLA>1, the scaled visible light (VL′) may scaled or determined according to the equation:
VL′=XF VL c)
In the example described, XF may be greater than X1, such as by a factor of 1.2 to 2.0 times greater. In some cases, XF may be 0.9 and X1 may be 0.5.
For instance, as described above, an incandescent type bulb emits a greater intensity of IR radiation (and heat), as compared to a lesser intensity of IR radiation emitted from a fluorescent bulb. Thus, where more ambient IR light is detected than visible IR light, intensity C may be reduced in scale to accurately represent that the ambient light includes more visible light from incandescent type bulbs than from fluorescent type bulbs. In other words, the visible light from the incandescent bulbs does not appear as brighter to the human eye as the visible light determined or calculated (e.g., the intensity C or output 1438 is overestimated and can be scaled down). Alternatively, where the ratio of ambient IR to ambient visible light is equal to or less than 1, intensity C may be scaled down by less or not be scaled (or may not be reduced relative to scaling noted above) to accurately represent that the ambient light includes more visible light from fluorescent type bulbs than from incandescent type bulbs, which appears as bright to the human eye as the visible light determined or calculated. Scaler 1468 may provide such scaling.
As noted, radiation 1370 may be IR radiation modulated at a frequency, such as a frequency between 1 Hz and 300 KHz. For instance IR light of radiation 1370 (e.g., light emitted by a diode or LED in an having an IR peak and/or in an IR bandwidth) may be transmitted at a modulation frequency of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, or a range between any two of those numbers in KHz. For instance,
Thus, IR light from radiation 1372 may be filtered out or distinguished from ambient light by determining a modulation frequency or waveform of radiation 1374 and subtracting, ambient IR from radiation 1372 from modulated radiation 1374. For instance, TDM, to passband filter, a frequency filter, or other processing logic may be used to distinguish emitted IR light 1370 modulated with a first waveform at frequency FEM 1620 from ambient IR light (e.g., IR light having a different second waveform and/or at a different second frequency). Distinguishing the modulated signal from ambient IR may be performed according to processes known in the art for bandpassing modulated signals. Moreover, coupling 1332 between logic 1330 and emitter 1322 may allow logic 1330 to turn diode 1422 on and off according to the frequency of FEM.
Thus, the emitter, waveform generator (e.g., modulation frequency), and processing logic (e.g., logic 1467) for detecting proximity may be shut down, powered off, or otherwise not operating or used during a light sensing mode (e.g., the period between T1 and T2). Alternatively, processing logic for detecting visible or ambient light (e.g., sealer 1462, scaler 1464, scaler 1468, and subtractor 1466), and sensor 1350 may be shut down, powered off, or otherwise not operating or used during a proximity sensing mode (e.g., the period between T0 and T1). Specifically, switch 1465 may be used to time-slice and multiplex the operation or output of sensor 1352 by slicing or switching time T (see
The period between T0 and T1 may or may not be equal to the period between T1 and T2. Thus, modulation 1742 shows a squarewave of modulated emitter radiation 1370, such as a signal emitted by emitter 1322 and sensed during the period T0 to T1 to detect proximity, while ALS is detected during the period between T1 and T2. It is considered that this switching may occur in cases where the ALS portion (e.g., time T1 to T2) takes approximately 500 ms to react in low light conditions, and the proximity sensor portion is shut down during this time.
Distinguishing the emitted IR from ambient IR by detecting for emitted IR during one time period and for ambient IR during another may be described as TDM, timeslicing and multiplexing, and/or using a waveform filter. Also, although the use of intensity D and/or E to modulate emitted radiation 1370 describe processes for distinguishing the emitted IR from the ambient IR, it can be appreciated that other processes can be used.
Combined sensor 1320 may be defined by having portions of a proximity sensor that overlap with portions of an ambient light sensor. According to embodiments a “combined sensor” includes the description above for an integrated sensor. Thus, at least certain embodiments may provide the benefit of as combined sensor 1320 able to sense ALS and proximity using only two sensors and a single emitter, such as to reduce cost, complexity, processing logic, surface area use (e.g., the footprint of combined sensor 1320 on surface 1342 and 1344), the number of components that may fail, and/or the like. In addition, at least certain embodiments may use overlapping portions of the same sensor to sense ALS and proximity to reduce power consumption by having fewer components (e.g., sensors, phototransistors, circuit board area, traces length, and related circuitry), to reduce processing power consumption (e.g., by requiring less processing logic for the combined components), and thus may extend battery life by using less power to sense proximity and ALS. Also, at least certain embodiments may use overlapping portions to reduce power consumption by more accurately determining when to attenuate or change illumination levels of a display device and at what light level to illuminate the display, such as by providing a single sensor location from which to sense proximity and ALS. Specifically, at least certain embodiments may only require the cost to purchase, space to use, power to activate and use, and processing logic for two sensors (e.g., sensors, phototransistors, circuit board area, traces length, and related circuitry) to sense ALS and proximity instead of the three sensors required for a separate ALS and proximity sensor.
Moreover, it can be appreciated that at least certain embodiments of the combined sensor may provide proximity and/or ALS data to a processor or processing logic of an electronic device, a display device, or a data processing system. Thus, at least certain embodiments of the processor or processing logic can determine, based upon the data, whether to modify a setting of the data processing system. For instance, the processor or processing logic may compare the data from the proximity sensor to a threshold value and/or compare the data from the ALS to a threshold value (e.g., in order to interpret the data to predict activity of a user relative to the data processing system. Specifically, the comparison may be used to determine when and by how much to modify (e.g., by adjusting, increasing, decreasing, turning on, turning off, or leaving status quo) at least one of a setting of a display illuminator, a setting of a sound input or output parameter, a setting of processing of inputs from an input device, and/or a setting of a mode of the data processing system. In some cases, the data from the proximity sensor and/or ALS may indicate that the device or data processing system is proximate to a user's ear, hair, face or mouth, such as by sensing a very close proximity (e.g., 0-2 cm) at the earpiece/speaker, close proximity (e.g., 1 mm-15 cm) at the mouthpiece/microphone, normal or equal ALS mouthpiece/microphone and at the side of the device away from the user (e.g., to indicate the device is not in a pocket, case, or device holder), and/or very low ALS at the earpiece/speaker. In the cases where the device of data processing system is proximate to a user's ear, hair, face or mouth, the processor or processing logic may decrease or turn off the setting of a display illuminator, a setting of a sound input or output parameter, a setting of processing of inputs from an input device, and/or a setting of a mode of the data processing system.
At block 1835, radiation from an emitter of a proximity portion of a combined sensor may be emitted, when the combined sensor is in proximity sensing mode. For example, block 1835 may describe emitter 1322 of proximity portion PPI (e.g., see
At block 1837, the radiation from the emitter is detected when in proximity sensing mode, by using a sensor of the proximity sensor portion that overlaps a light sensing portion of the combined sensor. Block 1837 may include detecting radiation 1374 (e.g., the reflection or refraction of radiation 1370 reflected and/or refracted by object 1388) during, the period between and T0 and T1 (see
At block 1839 radiation other than from the emitter is detected, when in light sensing mode, by using the sensor of the proximity sensing portion that overlaps the light sensing portion of the combined sensor. For example, block 1839 may include detecting radiation other than from emitter 1322 (e.g., detecting radiation other than radiation 1374) during the period between T1 and T2 (e.g., during light sensing mode) by using sensor 1352 (e.g., phototransistor 1452 having filter 1356 and coating 1326 between ambient radiation 1372 and filter 1356) of proximity sensing portion PP2 and overlapping light sensing portion PALS (as shown in
Moreover, it can be appreciated that although sensor 1352 has filter 1356 to band pass only IR radiation to the sensor, in alternate embodiments the concepts described for process 1800 may also apply to using sensor 1350 to sense both proximity and ambient light. For example, the output of sensor 1350 can be used at block 1837 to detect IR radiation from the emitter, and at block 1839 to detect radiation other than from the emitter, such as to detect IR radiation and visual light radiation during both modes. In this embodiment, sensor 1350 is part of portion PP2 and sensor 1352 is not. Thus, in this embodiment, at block 1837, the sensor of the portions may detect the radiation from the emitter but not detect (e.g., such as by subtracting or filtering out) ambient light radiation. Alternatively, at block 1839, the sensor of the portions may detect ambient light radiation but not detect (e.g., such as by not receiving because the emitter is not emitting or turned on, by subtracting out, or by filtering out) the emitter radiation.
In addition, according to embodiments, descriptions herein with respect to portable devices (e.g., sec
It will be appreciated that at least some of the sensors which are used with embodiments of the inventions may determine or provide data which represents an analog value. In other words, the data represents a value which can be any one of a set of possible values which can vary continuously or substantially continuously, rather than being discrete values which have quantum, discrete jumps from one value to the next value. Further, the value represented by the data may not be predetermined. For example, in the case of a distance measured by a proximity sensor, the distance is not predetermined, unlike values of keys on a keypad which represent a predetermined value. For example, a proximity sensor may determine or provide data that represents a distance which can vary continuously or nearly continuously in an analog fashion; in the case of such a proximity sensor, the distance may correspond to the intensity of reflected light which originated from the emitter of the proximity sensor. A temperature sensor may determine or provide data that represents a temperature, which is an analog value. A light sensor, such as an ambient light sensor, may determine or provide data that represents a light intensity which is an analog value. A motion sensor, such as an accelerometer, may determine or provide data which represents a measurement of motion (e.g., velocity or acceleration or both). A gyroscope may determine or provide data which represents a measurement of orientation (e.g. amount of pitch or yaw or roll). A sound sensor may determine or provide data which represents a measurement of sound intensity. For other types of sensors, the data determined or provided by the sensor may represent an analog value.
Exemplary inputs of
Exemplary actions of
AI logic of
In certain embodiments, the AI process may perform traditional methods of pattern recognition on the sensor data. For example, the rate of change of the distance between the device and the user's ear may have a pattern (e.g. revealing a deceleration as the user moves the device closer to their ear), and this pattern in the rate of change of distance may be detected by a pattern matching algorithm. The phrase “artificial intelligence” is used throughout to mean that a conclusion (whether explicit or implicit) can be drawn from data available from one or more sensors about a mode of usage by the user of the device. This conclusion may or may not be expressed in the device (e.g., “the user is talking on the phone”) but it will be mapped to specific actions or settings for the device that would be appropriate if the user was using the device in that way. For example, a telephone may be pre-programmed such that whenever it detects (1) a voice being spoken into the microphone, (2) that the phone is connected to a network, and (3) the proximity sensor is active, then the screen backlight will be dimmed. Such pre-programming may involve simple logic (e.g. simple combinatorial logic), but would nonetheless be within the scope of artificial intelligence as used herein. While learning, statistical analysis, iteration, and other complex aspects of AI can be used with the present invention, they are not required fir the basic artificial intelligence contemplated. Likewise, the word “analyze” does not imply sophisticated statistical or other analysis, but may involve observation of only a single threshold or datum.
The AI processing, in at least certain embodiments, may be performed by a processor or processing system, such as digital processing system 103, which is coupled to the one or more sensors that provide the data which form the inputs to the AI process. It will be appreciated that an AI process may be part of one or more of the methods shown in FIGS. 10 and 11A-11F.
In at least certain embodiments, the device, which operates according to any of those methods, may have at least one input device (e.g. a keypad or keyboard or touch input panel) which is designed to receive intentional user inputs (e.g. which specify a specific user entry) in addition to one or more sensors which are distinct and separate from the at least one input device and which sensors are not designed to receive intentional user inputs. In fact, a user may not even be aware of the presence of the one or more sensors on the device.
Additional information about user activities and/or gestures that can be monitored in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, titled “GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES,” flied Jul. 30, 2004, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, titled “MODE-BASED GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES,” filed Jan. 18, 2005, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The method 200 may be performed by any one of the devices shown in
The method of
A mode of the device may be used in order to determine whether to or how to adjust a setting of the device. The mode of the device may include any one of a variety of modes or conditions, such as speakerphone mode or non-speakerphone mode, battery powered mode or not battery powered mode, call waiting mode or not call waiting mode, an alert mode in which the device may make a sound, such as the sound of an alarm, etc. The data relating to user activity (e.g. data from one or more sensors, such as a proximity sensor and/or a touch input panel, which is capable of detecting blobs from a face) is analyzed relative to the mode of the device and the analysis attempts to determine whether to adjust a setting of the device. One or more device settings may be adjusted based on the sensed user activity and the device mode. For example, the device may automatically switch from speakerphone mode to non-speakerphone mode when proximity data, and optionally other data (e.g. data from a motion sensor and an ambient light sensor) indicate the user has placed the device, which in this case may be a telephone, next to the user's ear. In this example, the device has automatically switched from speakerphone mode to non-speaker hone mode Without any intentional input from the user which indicates that the switch should occur. Another method involves adjusting an alert or alarm volume depending on whether or not the device is near to the user's ear. In this example, if the data relating to user activity indicates that the device is adjacent to the users ear and if the mode of the device is set such that alarms or alerts will cause the device to make a sound, then the device will automatically change the volume level for an alert or an alarm from a first level to a second level which is not as loud as the first level.
It will be appreciated that a method which uses a display timer, such as those known in the art, may be used in addition to at least certain embodiments of the inventions which adjust illumination settings. For example, in the embodiment shown in
The phrase “proximity sensor” is used throughout to mean a sensor, such as a capacitive, temperature, inductive, infrared or other variety of sensor, which is capable of detecting whether an object is present within a certain distance of the sensor. A primary object of this detecting may be the head of the user or any other object that would present viewing of the display screen).
Any of the embodiments of the inventions may include one or more user interface controls which allow a user to override a result caused by one or more sensors. For example, a control, such as a button, may be pressed by the user to cause the display to return to full power after a proximity sensor has caused the display to enter a reduced power consumption state. In another example, the user interface control may be a sensor (or group of sensors), such as an accelerometer, which detects a user interaction with the device (e.g. shaking the device), and the user interaction has been set up to cause an overriding of a state caused by one or more sensors.
Certain embodiments of the inventions may employ one or more light sensors which provide data relating to light, which data is analyzed to determine whether or not to adjust one or more settings of a device, such as wireless device 100. Ambient light level data may be provided by an ambient light sensor which indicates the level of light intensity surrounding that sensor. Ambient light differential data may be obtained from two or more ambient light sensors which are disposed at different positions on the device. For example, one ambient light sensor may be on one side of the device, and another ambient light sensor may be on another side of the device. A different in the light intensity levels may be determined by comparing the data from these two ambient light sensors on two different sides or surfaces of the device. There are a variety of possible uses of a light sensor. A light sensor may be used with a proximity sensor to determine when a device is placed in a pocket to cause the device to be set in vibrate mode only or vibrate mode with audible ringing. In another example, in response to a light sensor determining that the ambient light is very low, and optionally in response to a user having set the device to visibly light up to show an incoming call when the ambient light is very low, the device may automatically be put in a “light ring” mode when it is dark so that instead of an audible ring from the device, the display flashes visibly (e.g. by repeatedly turning on and off the backlight) to indicate an incoming call. Another exemplary use of a light sensor involves using it as an alarm indicating that a dark room (or environment) has become brighter (e.g. the sun has risen or a door to a darkened room is opened to let light into the room). A light sensor may also be used to cause a device to automatically act as a source of light (e.g. as a flashlight, in effect) upon sensing a low ambient light level.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will be evident that various modifications may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense.
Claims
1. An apparatus comprising:
- an emitter;
- a detector that detects emissions from the emitter and, simultaneously, detects emissions from at least one source other than the emitter; and
- circuitry that distinguishes between the emissions from the emitter and the emissions from the at least one source other than the emitter that are simultaneously detected by the detector, wherein the emissions from the emitter and the emissions from the at least one source other than the emitter that are detected by the detector comprise emissions of electromagnetic radiation that overlap in frequency.
2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the detector comprises an infrared detector and the emissions from the emitter and the emissions from the at least one source other than the emitter that are detected by the detector comprise infrared light.
3. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the circuitry comprises processing logic that is coupled to the emitter and to the detector and that subtracts the emissions from the at least one source other than the emitter from the emissions from the emitter when the apparatus is operating in a proximity detecting mode.
4. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the circuitry comprises at least one of: time division multiplexer circuitry, timeslice multiplexer circuitry, frequency filter circuitry, and passband filter circuitry.
5. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the emissions from at least one source other than the emitter comprise ambient light, the apparatus further comprising:
- an additional detector sensitive to the ambient light.
6. A method of operating an apparatus including an emitter and a detector, the method comprising:
- with the emitter, emitting electromagnetic radiation;
- with the detector, detecting emissions from the emitter and, simultaneously, detecting emissions from at least one source other than the emitter, wherein the emissions from the emitter and the emissions from the at least one source other than the emitter that are detected with the detector comprise emissions of electromagnetic radiation that overlap in frequency; and
- distinguishing between the detected emissions from the emitter and the simultaneously detected emissions from the at least one source other than the emitter.
7. The method defined in claim 6 wherein, with the emitter, emitting the electromagnetic radiation comprises:
- with the emitter, emitting the electromagnetic radiation in pulses at a given frequency.
8. The method defined in claim 7 wherein distinguishing between the detected emissions from the emitter and the simultaneously detected emissions from the at least one source other than the emitter comprises:
- with the detector, detecting emissions from at least one source other than the emitter at times between the pulses at the given frequency during which the emitter emits the electromagnetic radiation.
9. The method defined in claim 6 wherein, with the detector, detecting emissions from the emitter comprises detecting infrared radiation emitted by the emitter and reflected by an object that is present within a given distance of the apparatus.
10. The method defined in claim 9 wherein, with the detector, detecting emissions from at least one source other than the emitter comprises detecting ambient light.
11. A method of operating an apparatus including an emitter and a detector, the method comprising:
- with the emitter, emitting electromagnetic radiation in pulses at a given frequency;
- with the detector and during the pulses at which the emitter emits the electromagnetic radiation, detecting whether any objects are present within a given distance of the apparatus; and
- with the detector and at times between the pulses at which the emitter emits the electromagnetic radiation, measuring the intensity of ambient light.
12. The method defined in claim 11 wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises infrared light.
13. The method defined in claim 11 wherein detecting whether any objects are present within the given distance of the apparatus further comprises:
- subtracting a first measurement taken by the detector during a first time period between two of the pulses from a second measurement taken by the detector during a second time period during one of the pulses.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Aug 26, 2013
Date of Patent: Sep 9, 2014
Patent Publication Number: 20130341494
Assignee: Apple Inc. (Cupertino, CA)
Inventors: Anthony M. Fadell (Portola Valley, CA), Achim Pantfoerder (Cupertino, CA)
Primary Examiner: Seung C Sohn
Application Number: 14/010,244
International Classification: G01J 1/44 (20060101); H04W 52/02 (20090101); G06F 3/0488 (20130101); G06F 3/038 (20130101); G06F 1/32 (20060101); H04M 1/725 (20060101); G06F 3/0346 (20130101); G06F 3/0485 (20130101); H04M 1/02 (20060101); G01J 1/42 (20060101); H04M 1/22 (20060101);
