Canopy unit for light harvesting

Skip to: Description  ·  Claims  ·  References Cited  · Patent History  ·  Patent History
Description

FIG. 1 is a top, front, right perspective view of a canopy unit for light harvesting, showing our new design;

FIG. 2 is a front elevational view thereof;

FIG. 3 is a back elevational view thereof;

FIG. 4 is a left side elevational view thereof;

FIG. 5 is a right side elevational view thereof;

FIG. 6 is a top plan view thereof; and,

FIG. 7 is a bottom plan view thereof.

The broken lines in the drawings represent portions of the canopy unit for light harvesting that form no part of the claimed design.

Claims

The ornamental design for a canopy unit for light harvesting, as shown and described.

Referenced Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
42356 April 1864 Dubber
94742 September 1869 Hildebrand
509966 December 1893 Strater
643524 February 1900 Newman
760069 May 1904 Hunter
773344 October 1904 Sanderson
820353 May 1906 Epperson
1036271 August 1912 Lacy
1061888 May 1913 Von Der Crone
1134837 April 1915 Fox
1165675 December 1915 Ide
1275565 August 1918 Junek, Jr.
1310567 July 1919 Harbord
1396606 November 1921 Vincent
1408865 March 1922 Cowell
1425100 August 1922 Newton
1439601 December 1922 Boop
1568504 January 1926 Duggan
1586676 June 1926 Heath
1660442 February 1928 Hampton
1727195 September 1929 Black
2009867 July 1935 Ball
D103269 February 1937 Reinsberg
2685761 August 1954 Schlesser
2718344 September 1955 Troster
2809468 October 1957 Eliot
2811181 October 1957 Correll
2940219 June 1960 Schiller
3005620 October 1961 Trunnell
3180334 April 1965 Glenn
3206892 September 1965 Maria et al.
D205236 July 1966 Fitzwilliam
3923381 December 1975 Winston
3931695 January 13, 1976 Widmayer
4002499 January 11, 1977 Winston
4003638 January 18, 1977 Winston
D244171 May 3, 1977 Pearce
D245344 August 9, 1977 Fisher
D248672 July 25, 1978 Graham
4130147 December 19, 1978 Langlie
4170252 October 9, 1979 Peterson
D255102 May 27, 1980 Ross
4249340 February 10, 1981 Maes, Jr. et al.
D263715 April 6, 1982 Walter
4334557 June 15, 1982 YaSenka
D271215 November 1, 1983 Hinkle
D274208 June 12, 1984 Hildenbrand
4559984 December 24, 1985 Wycech
4589548 May 20, 1986 Fay
4607451 August 26, 1986 Jarecki
D288059 February 3, 1987 Fling
4642938 February 17, 1987 Georges
4653223 March 31, 1987 Mori
4662106 May 5, 1987 Mori
4756348 July 12, 1988 Moller
4768238 September 6, 1988 Kleinberg
4856568 August 15, 1989 Murphy
4901514 February 20, 1990 De Morais Zoio
4969288 November 13, 1990 Mori
D313644 January 8, 1991 Hooks
4992917 February 12, 1991 Earnshaw
4997402 March 5, 1991 Blease
5022181 June 11, 1991 Longstaff
5063709 November 12, 1991 Whittaker
5067275 November 26, 1991 Constance
D331865 December 22, 1992 Parker
5233941 August 10, 1993 Ayliffe, Jr.
D341149 November 9, 1993 Pollak
5267412 December 7, 1993 Bergin
5293912 March 15, 1994 Wildash
D346877 May 10, 1994 Melograno
D348275 June 28, 1994 Zimmerman
5349997 September 27, 1994 Rial
D353186 December 6, 1994 Browning
5372093 December 13, 1994 Pooshs
5412905 May 9, 1995 Allison
D364540 November 28, 1995 Wasyln
5473838 December 12, 1995 Denbigh
D366632 January 30, 1996 Gaumer
D371601 July 9, 1996 Markles
5535547 July 16, 1996 Brunengo
D375878 November 26, 1996 Morris
5692337 December 2, 1997 Motz, Jr.
D400316 October 27, 1998 Kolterman
D404617 January 26, 1999 Mick
5894695 April 20, 1999 Stellatos
5901497 May 11, 1999 Bulvin
5953857 September 21, 1999 Aiga et al.
6037535 March 14, 2000 Yoshino
D422674 April 11, 2000 Chrisco
6059758 May 9, 2000 Padilla
D426283 June 6, 2000 Hernandez, Jr.
6082043 July 4, 2000 Andrews
6110867 August 29, 2000 Glenn et al.
6129049 October 10, 2000 Rasmussen
D436166 January 9, 2001 Berkey
6263613 July 24, 2001 King et al.
6357172 March 19, 2002 Risgaard et al.
6387072 May 14, 2002 Larsson
6701665 March 9, 2004 Ton et al.
6739363 May 25, 2004 Walter
D499482 December 7, 2004 Gugliotta
D514901 February 14, 2006 Wang
D541116 April 24, 2007 Upham
D559470 January 8, 2008 Stevens
D560105 January 22, 2008 McKenzie
D562091 February 19, 2008 Ben Shlomo
D567038 April 22, 2008 Carallo
D570385 June 3, 2008 Chuo
D576848 September 16, 2008 Williams
D589764 April 7, 2009 Randolph
D596440 July 21, 2009 Rothberg
D599903 September 8, 2009 Waller
D604106 November 17, 2009 Gold
D606373 December 22, 2009 McCaffery
D611781 March 16, 2010 Sagedy
D631578 January 25, 2011 Barrett
D641255 July 12, 2011 Williams
7987816 August 2, 2011 Walsh
8007492 August 30, 2011 DiPoto
D649844 December 6, 2011 Bittner
D657637 April 17, 2012 Gascoine
8171668 May 8, 2012 Lais et al.
D662654 June 26, 2012 Trudnowski
8261787 September 11, 2012 Sanford
D668511 October 9, 2012 Messersmith
8307580 November 13, 2012 Lais et al.
D671810 December 4, 2012 Densmore
D680827 April 30, 2013 Cetera
8458954 June 11, 2013 Yamada et al.
8522991 September 3, 2013 Skelton et al.
D715606 October 21, 2014 West
D719402 December 16, 2014 Khan
D734999 July 28, 2015 Evans
9310540 April 12, 2016 Boonekamp et al.
D803017 November 21, 2017 Lais et al.
10132457 November 20, 2018 Farkas et al.
D844102 March 26, 2019 DeAngelo
10255670 April 9, 2019 Wu et al.
D863195 October 15, 2019 Bidigare
10765071 September 8, 2020 Bottari
10955098 March 23, 2021 Farkas et al.
D943186 February 8, 2022 Gao
D943551 February 15, 2022 Chen
D980686 March 14, 2023 Lin
D983314 April 11, 2023 Terrana
D984229 April 25, 2023 Smith, Sr.
20020056225 May 16, 2002 Shahak et al.
20020170229 November 21, 2002 Ton et al.
20030029079 February 13, 2003 Kleinert
20040062023 April 1, 2004 Elsegood
20040088916 May 13, 2004 Ton et al.
20050172549 August 11, 2005 Allen
20070151149 July 5, 2007 Karpinski
20080298052 December 4, 2008 Hurst et al.
20090021934 January 22, 2009 Chu
20090148931 June 11, 2009 Wilkerson et al.
20090272029 November 5, 2009 Aiking et al.
20090300983 December 10, 2009 Tilford et al.
20100139739 June 10, 2010 Ashkin
20100299993 December 2, 2010 Lais et al.
20110041397 February 24, 2011 Kamahara
20110067692 March 24, 2011 Dopp et al.
20110197317 August 11, 2011 Wong
20110211250 September 1, 2011 Laine et al.
20110226311 September 22, 2011 Sun et al.
20110265378 November 3, 2011 Callaway
20120198762 August 9, 2012 Lee
20130219783 August 29, 2013 Toye et al.
20130326941 December 12, 2013 Pickett et al.
20150121753 May 7, 2015 Jenner
20150173302 June 25, 2015 Duncan et al.
20150223402 August 13, 2015 Krijn et al.
20150223411 August 13, 2015 Toye et al.
20150313091 November 5, 2015 Ara et al.
20160000018 January 7, 2016 Van Elmpt et al.
20160064204 March 3, 2016 Greenberg et al.
20160130042 May 12, 2016 Gascoine
20160157439 June 9, 2016 Greene et al.
20160174474 June 23, 2016 Toye et al.
20160302367 October 20, 2016 Sokhi
20160309659 October 27, 2016 Guy et al.
20160309660 October 27, 2016 Duncan et al.
20160314542 October 27, 2016 Vollmar et al.
20160316643 November 3, 2016 Guy et al.
20160374275 December 29, 2016 Galdi
20170188531 July 6, 2017 Daniels
20170233690 August 17, 2017 Pickett et al.
20170354097 December 14, 2017 Hadley
20180014486 January 18, 2018 Creechley et al.
20180332779 November 22, 2018 Reach et al.
20190037779 February 7, 2019 Chirco
20190137060 May 9, 2019 Farkas et al.
20200042890 February 6, 2020 Merrill et al.
20200045895 February 13, 2020 Shahak et al.
20200344961 November 5, 2020 Guy et al.
20210315168 October 14, 2021 Readick et al.
20210388959 December 16, 2021 Farkas et al.
20220124988 April 28, 2022 Booth et al.
Foreign Patent Documents
1559175 January 2005 CN
1582110 February 2005 CN
101027794 August 2007 CN
101162384 April 2008 CN
104520419 April 2015 CN
204350751 May 2015 CN
204616588 September 2015 CN
105210704 January 2016 CN
205357445 July 2016 CN
205615105 October 2016 CN
107371959 November 2017 CN
107509596 December 2017 CN
207135703 March 2018 CN
0875724 November 1998 EP
1370126 December 2003 EP
1411757 April 2008 EP
2278870 February 2011 EP
2874488 May 2015 EP
S613104 January 1986 JP
H06205615 July 1994 JP
2003304750 October 2003 JP
200905120 February 2009 TW
201131108 September 2011 TW
WO-9608960 March 1996 WO
WO-0058849 October 2000 WO
WO-0219800 March 2002 WO
WO-0235193 May 2002 WO
WO-02084248 October 2002 WO
WO-0235193 October 2003 WO
WO-2009141287 November 2009 WO
WO-2015092799 June 2015 WO
WO-2015092800 June 2015 WO
WO-2015103310 July 2015 WO
WO-2016093397 June 2016 WO
WO-2018222923 December 2018 WO
WO-2019032648 February 2019 WO
WO-2019125882 June 2019 WO
WO-2020086763 April 2020 WO
WO-2021021916 February 2021 WO
WO-2021216655 October 2021 WO
Other references
  • WNA Comet CP12 Classic Crystal 12 oz. Parfait / Dessert Cup—20/Pack; WebstaurantStore; Feb. 10, 2015; Accessed May 31, 2023; URL:<https://www.webstaurantstore.com/wna-comet-cp12-classic-crystal-12-oz-parfait-dessert-cup-pack/999CP12.html> (Year: 2015).
  • Ahmadi et al. The effect of greenhouse covering materials on phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of tomato cultivars. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 98(12):4427-4435 (2018).
  • Antignus. Chapter 1: Management of Air-Borne Viruses by “Optical Barriers” in Protected Agriculture and Open-Field Crops. Advances in Virus Research 90:1-33 (2014).
  • Antignus et al. Ultraviolet-absorbing barriers, an efficient integrated pest management tool to protect greenhouses from insects and virus diseases. In Insect Pest Management. pp. 319-335 (2004).
  • Bagdonavi{hacek over (c)}ienė et al. Cultivation of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants under high pressure sodium lamps supplemented by light-emitting diodes of various wavelengths. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 14:3-14 (2015).
  • Baranov. Device for Restricting in One Plane the Angular Aperture of a Pencil of Rays from a Light Source. (in Russian). Russian certificate of authorship 200530, published Oct. 31, 1967.
  • Baranov et al. Study of the illumination characteristics of hollow focons. Soviet Journal of Optical Technology 33:408-411 (1966).
  • Baranov. Geliotekhnika 2:11-14 [English transl.: Parabolotoroidal mirrors as elements of solar energy concentrators. Appl Sol Energy 2:9-12.] (1966).
  • Baranov. Properties of parabolic focons. Opt Mekh Prom 6:1-5 (1965).
  • Bauerle et al. A fiberoptic-based system for integrating photosynthetically active radiation in plant canopies. HortScience 39(5):1027-1029 (2004).
  • Baylor et al. Light and photon capture in turtle receptors. J Physiol248:433-464 (1975).
  • Beggs et al. Photocontrol of flavonoid biosynthesis. In: Photomorphogenesis in Plants, pp. 733-751 (1994).
  • Ben-Yakir et al. Colored shading nets impede insect invasion and decrease the incidences of insect transmitted viral diseases in vegetable crops. Entomol. Exp. et Appl. 144:249-257 (2012).
  • Ben-Yakir et al. Optical manipulation of insect pests for protecting agricultural crops. Acta Hort 956:609-616 (2012).
  • Ben-Yakir et al. Photoselective nets and screens can reduce insect pests and diseases in agricultural crops. Acta Hort 1015:95-102 (2014).
  • Ben-Yakir et al. The effects of UV radiation on arthropods: a review of recent publications (2010-2015). Acta Hortic. 1134: 335-342 (2016).
  • Bian et al. Effects of light quality on the accumulation of phytochemicals in vegetables produced in controlled environments: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95(5):869-877 (2015).
  • Briggs et al. Photomorphogenesis—from One Photoreceptor to 14: 40 Years of Progress. Mot Plant 5(3):531-532 (2012).
  • Briggs et al. Photoreceptors in Plant photomorphogenesis to date. Five phytochromes, two cryptochromes, one phototropin, and one superchrome. Plant Physiol. 125:85-88 (2001).
  • Bryla et al. Root respiration in citrus acclimates to temperature and slows during drought. Plant, Cell and Environment 20:1411-1420 (1997).
  • Buthelezi et al. Spectral quality of photo-selective nets improves phytochemicals and aroma volatiles in coriander leaves (Coriandrum sativum L.) after postharvest storage. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 161:328-334 (2016).
  • Carvalho et al. Green light control of anthocyanin production in microgreens. Acta Hortic. 1134:13-18 (2016).
  • Carvalho et al. Light Quality Dependent Changes in Morphology, Antioxidant Capacity, and Volatile Production in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum). Front. Plant Sci. 7:1-14 (2016).
  • Chen et al. Growth and nutritional properties of lettuce affected by mixed irradiation of white and supplemental light provided by light-emitting diode. Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam). 200:111-118 (2016).
  • Comas et al. Canopy and environmental control of root dynamics in a long-term study of Concord grape. New Phytologist Trust 167(3):829-840 (2005).
  • Coombe. Visual behaviour of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Physiological Entomology 7:243-251 (1982).
  • Coombe. Wavelength specific behaviour of the whitefly Trialewodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). J Compl Physiol 144:83-90 (1981).
  • Demers et al. Effects of supplemental light duration on greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants and fruit yields. Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam). 74:295-306 (1998).
  • Dokoozlian et al. Table grape canopy management and training systems. In: Report of Research for Fresh Table Grapes. Calif. Table Grape Comm., Fresno, CA. (10 pgs) (2001).
  • Dokoozlian et al. Vine training and trellising systems for table grapes. In: Report of Research for Fresh Table Grapes. Calif. Table Grape Comm., Fresno, CA. (9 pgs) (1993).
  • Dorais. The use of supplemental lighting for vegetable crop production: Light intensity, crop response, nutrition, crop management, cultural practices. Canadian Greenhouse Conference Oct. 9, 2003 (8 pgs) (2003).
  • Doring et al. Spectral sensitivity of the green photoreceptor of winged pea aphids. Physiological Entomoly 36(4):392-396 (2011).
  • Doring et al. Visual ecology of aphids—a critical review on the role of colours in host finding. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 1:3-16 (2007).
  • D'Souza et al. Application of Light-Emitting Diodes in Food Production, Postharvest Preservation, and Microbiological Food Safety. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 14:719-740 (2015).
  • Dueck et al. Efficiency of light energy used by leaves situated in different levels of a sweet pepper canopy. Acta Hortic. 711:201-205 (2006).
  • Dueck et al. Influence of diffuse glass on the growth and production of tomato. Acta Hort 956:75-82 (2012).
  • Dufault et al. Enhancing the Productivity and Fruit Quality of Forced “Sweet Charlie” Strawberries Through Manipulation of Light Quality in High Tunnels. International Journal of Fruit Science 9(2):176-184 (2009).
  • Dzakovich et al. Tomatoes grown with light-emitting diodes or high-pressure sodium supplemental lights have similar fruit-quality attributes. HortScience 50:1498-1502 (2015).
  • Feuermann et al. High-Concentration Photovoltaic Designs Based on Miniature Parabolic Dishes. Solar Energy 90(5):423-430 (2001).
  • Fitter et al. Root production and turnover in an upland grassland subjected to artificial soil warming respond to radiation flux and nutrients, not temperature. Oecologia 120(4):575-581 (1999).
  • Folta et al. Green light: A signal to slow down or stop. J. Exp. Bot. 58(12):3099-3111 (2007).
  • Folta et al. Light as a Growth Regulator: Controlling Plant Biology with Narrow-bandwidth Solid-state Lighting Systems. Hortscience 43:1957-1964 (2008).
  • Glenn et al. Particle film: a new technology for agriculture. Hortic. Rev 31:1-43 (2005).
  • Glenn. Particle Film Mechanisms of Action That Reduce the Effect of Environmental Stress in ‘Empire’ Apple. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 134(3):314-321 (2009).
  • Gómez et al. Comparison of intracanopy light-emitting diode towers and overhead high-pressure sodium lamps for supplemental lighting of greenhouse-grown tomatoes. Horttechnology 23:93-98 (2013).
  • Gómez et al. In search of an optimized supplemental lighting spectrum for greenhouse tomato production with intracanopy lighting. Acta Hortic. 1134:57-62 (2016).
  • Gómez et al. Supplemental lighting for greenhouse-grown tomatoes: Intracanopy LED Towers vs. overhead HPS lamps. Acta Hortic. 1037:855-862 (2014).
  • Gómez et al. Testing of LEDs for Supplemental Lighting of Greenhouse-grown Tomatoes for a Northern Climate. PowerPoint. Purdue University (27 pgs) (Apr. 6, 2012).
  • Goldberg et al. Variations in the spectral distribution of daylight at various geographical locations on the earth's surface. Sol. Energy 19:3-13 (1977).
  • González-Real et al. Influence of fruit sink strength on the distribution of leaf photosynthetic traits in fruit-bearing shoots of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). Environ. Exp. Bot. 66:195-202 (2009).
  • Gordon et al. Solar Surgery. J. Applied Physics 93(8):4843-4851 (2003).
  • Gunnlaugsson et al. Interlight and plant density in year-round production of tomato at northern latitudes. Acta Hortic. 711:71-75 (2006).
  • Guo et al. Effect of LED interlighting combined with overhead HPS light on fruit yield and quality of year-round sweet pepper in commercial greenhouse. Acta Hortic. 1134:71-78 (2016).
  • Hao et al. LED inter-lighting in year-round greenhouse mini-cucumber production. Acta Hortic. 956:335-340 (2012).
  • Harper et al. Heat trap: An optimized far infrared field optics system. Appl. Opt. 15:53-60 (1976).
  • Hasan et al. An Overview of LEDs' Effects on the Production of Bioactive Compounds and Crop Quality. Molecules 22(9):1420 (2017).
  • Hawley et al. Improving Cannabis Bud Quality and Yield with Subcanopy Lighting. Hort Science 53(11):1593-1599 (2018).
  • Healey et al. Radiation use efficiency increases when the diffuse component of incident radiation is enhanced under shade. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49(4):665-672 (1998).
  • Hemming et al. Light diffusion improves growth. Flower Tech 10(6):24-25 (2007).
  • Hemming et al. The Effect of Diffuse Light on Crops. Acta Hort. 801:1293-1300 (2008).
  • Hemming. Use of Natural and Artificial Light in Horticulture—Interaction of Plant and Technology. Acta Hort 907:25-35 (2011).
  • Hemming. Use of natural and artificial light in horticulture—interaction of plant and technology, in: Proceedings of the VI International Symposium on Light in Horticulture. pp. 15-19 (2011).
  • Hernández et al. Tomato seedling growth and morphological responses to supplemental LED lighting red: Blue ratios under varied daily solar light integrals. Acta Hortic. 956:187-194(2012).
  • Hinterberger et al. Efficient light coupler for threshold Cerenkov counters. Rev Sci Instrum 37:1094-1095 (1966a).
  • Hinterberger et al. Gas Cerenkov counter with optimized light-collecting efficiency. Proc Int Conf Instrum High Energy Phys. pp. 205-206 (1966b).
  • Horváth et al. Polarization Pattern of Freshwater Habitats Recorded by Video Polarimetry in Red, Green and Blue Spectral Ranges and Its Relevance for Water Detection by Aquatic Insects. The Journal of Experimental Biology 200:1155-1163 (1997).
  • Hovi et al. Interlighting improves production of year-round cucumber. Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam). 102:283-294 (2004).
  • Hovi-Pekkanen et al. Increasing productivity of sweet pepper with interlighting. Acta Hortic. 711:165-170 (2006).
  • Jacovides et al. Global photosynthetically active radiation and its relationship with global solar radiation in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 74:227-233 (2003).
  • Johkan et al. Effect of green light wavelength and intensity on photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis in Lactuca sativa. Environ. Exp. Bot. 75:128-133 (2012).
  • Jokinen et al. Improving sweet pepper productivity by led interlighting. Acta Hort 956:59-66 (2012).
  • Karpinski et al. Light perception in plant disease defense signaling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6:390-396 (2003).
  • Kasperbauer. Light and plant development. In: Plant-environment Interactions, pp. 83-123 (1994).
  • Katterer et al. Fine-root dynamics, soil moisture and soil carbon content in a Eucalyptus globulus plantation under different irrigation and fertilisation regimes. Forest Ecology and Management 74(1-3):1-12 (1995).
  • Kim et al. Green-light supplementation for enhances lettuce growth under red- and blue-light-emitting diodes. HortScience 39:1617-1622 (2004).
  • Kirchner et al. Evidence for trichromacy in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Insection Physiology 51(11):1255-1260 (2005).
  • Kong et al. Pearl netting affects postharvest fruit quality in ‘Vergasa’ sweet pepper via light environment manipulation. Scientia Hort 150:290-298 (2012).
  • Korczynski et al. Mapping monthly distribution of daily light integrals across the contiguous United States. Horttechnology 12:12-16 (2002).
  • Kozai. Plant factory in Japan—Current situation and perspectives. Chronica Horticulturae 53(2):8-10 (2013).
  • Kriska et al. Why do red and dark-coloured cars lure aquatic insects? The attraction of water insects to car paintwork explained by reflection-polarization signals. Proc. Biol. Sci. 273(1594):1667-1671 (2006).
  • Landis et al. Light Emitting Diodes (LED)—Applications in Forest and Native Plant Nurseries. Forest Nursery Notes Summer 2013 (9 pgs).
  • Li et al. Effects of light-emitting diode supplementary lighting on the winter growth of greenhouse plants in the yangtze river delta of China. Bot. Stud. 57:2 (2016).
  • Li et al. Effects of supplemental light quality on growth and phytochemicals of baby leaf lettuce. Environ. Exp. Bot. 67:59-64 (2009).
  • Lin. Plant blue-light receptors. Trends Plant Sci 5:337-342 (2000).
  • Lu et al. Effects of Supplemental Lighting with Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on Tomato Yield and Quality of Single-Truss Tomato Plants Grown at High Planting Density. Environ. Control Biol. 50:63-74 (2012).
  • Marcelis et al. Flower and fruit abortion in sweet pepper in relation to source and sink strength. J. Exp. Bot. 55:2261-2268 (2004).
  • Massa et al. Plant productivity in response to LED lighting. HortScience 43:1951-1956 (2008).
  • Mathejczyk et al. Sensing Polarized Light in Insects. Oxford Research Encyclopeida of Neuroscience (34 pgs) (2017).
  • Mellor et al. Spectral efficiency of the glasshouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Encarsia formosa its hymenopteran parasitoid. Entomol Exp Appl 83:11-20 (1997).
  • Mercado et al. Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon sink. Nature 458:1014-1017 (2009).
  • Mitchell. Academic Research Perspective of LEDs for the Horticulture Industry. HortScience 50:1293-1296 (2015).
  • Mitchell et al. Chapter 1: Light-Emitting Diodes in Horticulture. Hortic. Rev. (Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci). 43:1-88 (2015).
  • Mohr. Coaction between pigment systems. In: Photomorphogenesis in Plants, pp. 353-373 (1994).
  • Morrow. LED lighting in horticulture. HortScience 43:1947-1950 (2008).
  • Mortensen et al. Effects of selective screening of the daylight spectrum, and of twilight on plant growth in greenhouses. Acta Hort. 305:103-108 (1992).
  • Muneer et al. Influence of green, red and blue light emitting diodes on multiprotein complex proteins and photosynthetic activity under different light intensities in lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa L.). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15:4657-4670 (2014).
  • Nelson et al. Economic analysis of greenhouse lighting: Light emitting diodes vs. high intensity discharge fixtures. PLoS One 9(6):e99010 (2014).
  • Nissim-Levi et al. Light-scattering shade net increases branching and flowering in ornamental pot plants. J Hort Sci Biotech 83:9-14 (2008).
  • Olle et al. The effects of light-emitting diode lighting on greenhouse plant growth and quality. Agric. Food Sci. 22:223-234 (2013).
  • Oren-Shamir et al. Coloured shade nets can improve the yield and quality of green decorative branches of Pittosporum variegatum. J Hort Sci Biotech 76:353-361 (2001).
  • Ouzounis et al. Spectral effects of artificial light on plant physiology and secondary metabolism. Hortscience 50:1128-1135 (2015).
  • PCT/US2014/072837 International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Apr. 20, 2015.
  • PCT/US2018/065343 International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Mar. 5, 2019.
  • PCT/US2019/057727 International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jan. 16, 2020.
  • PCT/US2020/044046 International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Dec. 22, 2020.
  • PCT/US2021/028322 International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Sep. 9, 2021.
  • Peacock. Directing Vine Physiology towards Production. In: Proceedings San Joaquin Valley Table Grape Seminar. Calif. Table Grape Comm., Fresno, CA. (4 pgs) (2005).
  • Peacock et al. Canopy management and trellising systems for Thompson Seedless table grapes. In: Report of Research for Fresh Table Grapes. Calif. Table Grape Comm., Fresno, CA. (4 pgs) (1996).
  • Peacock et al. Research Sheds Light on Bud Fruitfulness and Berry Set. In: UCCE Tulare County Grape Notes, vol. 2, Issue 2, W.L. Peacock, Ed. Tulare, CA. (2005).
  • Peacock et al. Response of Flame Seedless table grapes to leaf removal at various stages of fruit development. In: Proc. Table Grape Seminar, N.C. Dokoozlian, Ed. UC Coop. Ext., UC Kearney Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA. (1994).
  • Peacock et al. Training-trellis systems and canopy management of table grapes in California. International Symposium on Table Grape Production. JoAnne M. Rantz, Ed. Am. Soc. Enol. Vitic. pp 191-194. (1994).
  • Peacock. Vine Physiology and Table Grape Production. In: Proceedings San Joaquin Valley Table Grape Seminar. Calif. Table Grape Comm., Fresno, CA. (7 pgs) (2006).
  • Pepin et al. Beneficial effects of using a 3-D LED interlighting system for organic greenhouse tomato grown in Canada under low natural light conditions, in: Acta Horticulturae. International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium, pp. 239-246 (2014).
  • Ploke. Axially Symmetrical Light Guide Arrangement. German Patent Application #14722679 (1969).
  • Ploke. Lichtfuhrungseinrichtungen mit starker Konzentrationswirkung [English Trans. Light guide means with a strong concentration effect]Optik 25:31-43 (1967) (English Abstract).
  • Pregitzer et al. Responses of tree fine roots to temperature. New Phytologist, 147(1):105-115 (2000).
  • Rabe. Citrus tree spacing and tree shape: Concept, effect on early production profile and fruit quality aspects—An overview. Int. Soc. Citriculture 1:297-301 (2004).
  • Rabl et al. Ideal concentrators for finite sources and restricted exit angles. Appl. Opt. 15:2880-2883 (1976).
  • Rajapakse et al. Chapter 12: Light quality manipulation by horticulture industry. In: Light and Plant Development, pp. 290-312 (2007).
  • Rajapakse et al. Influence of spectral filters on growth and postharvest quality of potted miniature roses. Scientia Hort 56:245-255 (1994).
  • Rajapakse et al. Plant height control by photoselective filters: current status and future prospects. Hortechnology 9:618-624 (1999).
  • Rajapakse et al. Spectral filters and growing season influence growth and carbohydrate status of Chrysanthemum. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 120:78-83 (1995).
  • Runkle et al. Specific functions of red, far-red, and blue light in flowering and stem extension of long-day plants. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 126:275-282 (2001).
  • Samuoliene et al. LED lighting and seasonality effects antioxidant properties of baby leaf lettuce. Food Chem. 134:1494-1499 (2012).
  • Shahak et al. ColorNets: A new approach for light manipulation in fruit trees. Acta Hort. 636:609-616 (2004).
  • Shahak et al. ColorNets: crop protection and light-quality manipulation in one technology. Acta Hort. 659(1):143-151 (2004).
  • Shahak et al. Improving solar energy utilization, productivity and fruit quality in orchards and vineyards by photoselective netting. Acta Hort. 772:65-72 (2008).
  • Shahak et al. The wonders of yellow netting. Acta Hortic. 1134:327-334 (2016).
  • Shahak. Photoselective netting: an overview of the concept, R&D and practical implementation in agriculture. Acta Hort 1015:155-162 (2014).
  • Shahak. Photoselective netting for improved performance of horticultural crops. A review of ornamental and vegetable studies carried in Israel. Acta Hort 770:161-168 (2008).
  • Shashar et al. Migrating locusts can detect polarized reflections to avoid flying over the sea. Biology Letters 1:472-475 (2015).
  • Shifriss et al. Variation in flower abscission of peppers under stress shading conditions. Euphytica 78:133-136 (1994).
  • Sinclair et al. Variation in Crop Radiation-Use Efficiency with Increased Diffuse Radiation. Crop Sci. 32:1281-1284 (1992).
  • Singh et al. LEDs for energy efficient greenhouse lighting. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 49:139-147 (2015).
  • Smith et al. Don't ignore the green light: exploring diverse roles in plant processes. J. Exp. Bot. 68:2099-2110 (2017).
  • Snowden et al. Sensitivity of seven diverse species to blue and green light: Interactions with photon flux. PLoS One 11:1-32 (2016).
  • Song et al. Polychromatic Supplemental Lighting from underneath Canopy Is More Effective to Enhance Tomato Plant Development by Improving Leaf Photosynthesis and Stomatal Regulation. Front. Plant Sci. 7:1832 (2016).
  • Spalding et al. Illuminating topics in plant photobiology. Plant Cell Environ 28:39-53 (2005).
  • Straw et al. Influence of Sticky Trap Color and Height Above Ground on Capture of Alate Elatobium abietinum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Sitka Spruce Plantations. Environmental Entomology 40(1):120-125 (2011).
  • Tatineni et al. Effectiveness of plant growth regulators under photoselective greenhouse covers. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 125:673-778 (2000).
  • Tewolde et al. Nighttime Supplemental LED Inter-lighting Improves Growth and Yield of Single-Truss Tomatoes by Enhancing Photosynthesis in Both Winter and Summer. Front. Plant Sci. 7:448 (2016).
  • The Secret Gift of Polarized Vision. Insect P-Ray Vision. The Secret in the Eye. Available at https://www.polarization.com/eyes/eyes.html (Downloaded Sep. 30, 2019) (6 pgs).
  • Thimijan et al. Photometric, radiometric, and quantum light units of measure: a review of procedures for interconversion. HortScience 18:818-822 (1983).
  • Thomas. Specific effects of blue light on plant growth and development. (Literature review). In: Plants and the daylight spectrum, pp. 443-459 (1981).
  • Thompson et al. Patterns of gas exchange, photosynthate allocation, and root growth during a root growth capacity test. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22(2):248-254 (1992).
  • Tierney et al. Environmental control of fine root dynamics in a northern hardwood forest. Global Change Biology 9(5):670-679 (2003).
  • Trouwborst et al. The responses of light interception, photosynthesis and fruit yield of cucumber to LED-lighting within the canopy. Physiol. Plant. 138:289-300 (2010).
  • Turner et al. Dry Matter Assimilation and Partitioning in Pepper Cultivars Differing in Susceptibility to Stress-induced Bud and Flower Abscission. Ann. Bot. 73(6):617-622 (1994).
  • U.S. Appl. No. 15/109,218 Office Action dated Mar. 27, 2018.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 16/116,435 Office Action dated Feb. 18, 2020.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 16/116,435 Office Action dated Jul. 22, 2020.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 16/116,435 Office Action dated Jun. 19, 2019.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 16/526,790 Office Action dated Dec. 22, 2020.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 16/526,790 Office Action dated Jun. 16, 2021.
  • Vaishampayan et al. Spectral Specific Responses In The Visual Behavior Of The Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes Vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 18(3):344-356 (1975).
  • Vaishampayan et al. Visual And Olfactory Responses In Orientation To Plants By The Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes Vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 18(4):412-422 (1975).
  • Van Haeringen. The development of solid spectral filters for the regulation of plant growth. Photochem. Photobiol. 67:407-413 (1998).
  • Vernon et al. Spectral Responsiveness of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Determined by Trap Catches in Greenhouses. Environmental Entomology 19(5): 1229-1241 (1990).
  • Warrington et al. The influence of blue- and red-biased light spectra on the growth and development of plants. Agric. Meteorol. 16: 247-262 (1976).
  • Wehner. Polarized-light navigation by insects. Scientific American 23(1):106-115 (1976).
  • Williamson. Cone channel condenser optics. J Opt Soc Am 42:712-715 (1952).
  • Winston et al. Principles of cylindrical concentrators for solar energy. Sol. Energy 17:255-258 (1975).
  • Winston. Light collection within the framework of geometrical optics. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 60:245-247 (1970).
  • Winston. Principles of solar concentrators of a novel design. Sol. Energy 16:89-95 (1974).
  • Witte. Cone channel optics. Infrared Phys. 5:179-185 (1965).
  • Wubs et al. Abortion of reproductive organs in sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.): a review. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 84:467-475 (2009).
  • Yaku et al. Thrips see red—flower colour and the host relationships of a polyphagous anthophilic thrips. Ecological Entomology 32(5):527-535 (2007).
  • Zhou et al. Effects of photoselective netting on root growth and development of young grafted orange trees under semi-arid climate. Scientia Horticulturae 238:272-280 (2018).
  • Zhu et al. From lab to field, new approaches to phenotyping root system architecture. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 14:(3):310-317 (2011).
  • PCT/US2014/072837 International Preliminary Report on Patentability Chapter II dated Apr. 26, 2016.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 16/526,790 Non-Final Office Action dated Dec. 10, 2021.
  • EP Application No. 20207285.6 Extended European Search Report dated May 10, 2021.
  • Ben-Yakir et al. Chapter12. Optical Manipulations: An advance Approach for Controlling Sucking Insect Pests. In: Advanced Technologies for Managing Insect, pp. 249-267 (2012).
  • Senthilkumar et al. Design and Development of a Three Dimensional Compound Parabolic Concentrator and Study of Optical and Thermal Performance. Intl J Energy Sci 2(2):64-68 (2012).
  • Ballare: Illuminated behaviour: phytochrome as a key regulator of light foraging and plant anti-herbivore defence. Plant Cell Environ. 32(6):713-725 doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01958.x (2009).
  • Basile et al.: Regulation of the vegetative growth of kiwifruit vines by photo-selective anti-hail netting. Scientia Horticulturae 172:300-307 doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.04.011 (2014).
  • Bettiga: Comparison of bilateral cordon training methods on the development and productivity of Chardonnay and Pinot noir grapevines. In Proceeding of the 20th International Meeting of the Group of International Experts of Vitivinicultural Systems for CoOperation (GiESCO) 20:576-581 [English Abstract Only] (2017).
  • Chen at el.: Light signal transduction in higher plants. Annu Rev Genet 38:87-117 doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.38.072902.092259 (2004).
  • Decoteau et al.: Mulch surface color affects yield of fresh-market tomatoes. J Am Soc Hortic Sci. 114(2):216-219 doi:10.21273/JASHS.114.2.216 (1989).
  • Freeman et al.: Influence of Windbreaks and Climatic Region on Diurnal Fluctuation of Leaf Water Potential, Stomatal Conductance, and Leaf Temperature of Grapevines. Am J Enol Vitic. 33:233-236 [English Abstract Only] (1982).
  • Grechi et al.: Effect of light and nitrogen supply on internal C:N balance and control of root-to-shoot biomass allocation in grapevine. Environmental and Experimental Botany 59(2):139-149 (2007).
  • Hendrickson et al.: Low temperature effects on grapevine photosynthesis: The role of inorganic phosphate. Functional Plant Biology 31(8):795-801 DOI:10.1071/FP04037 (2004).
  • Kasperbauer: Strawberry yield over red versus black plastic mulch. Crop Sci 40(1): 171-174 doi:10.2135/cropsci2000.401171x (2000).
  • Kong et al.: Response of photosynthetic parameters of sweet pepper leaves to light quality manipulation by photoselective shade nets. 7th International Symposium on Light in Horticultural Systems. Acta Hortic. 956:501-506 doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.956.59 [English Abstract Only] (2012).
  • Lichtenhaler et al.: Differences in pigment composition, photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll fluorescence images of sun and shade leaves of four tree species. Plant Physiol Biochem. 45(8):577-588 doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.04.006 [English Abstract Only] (2007).
  • Martinez-Luscher et al.: Partial Solar Radiation Exclusion with Color Shade Nets Reduces the Degradation of Organic Acids and Flavonoids of Grape Berry (Vitis vinifera L.) J Agric Food Chem. 65(49):10693-10702 doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04163 (2017).
  • Opti-Harvest Inc., website: URL: https://opti-harvest.com/ [retrieved online Oct. 4, 2022].
  • Ovadia et al.: Coloured shade-nets influence stem length, time to flower, flower number and inflorescence diameter in four ornamental cut-flower crops. J Hort Sci Biotech. 84(2):161-166 84(2):161-166 (2009).
  • Poorter et al.: The role of biomass allocation in the growth response of plants to different levels of light, CO2, nutrients and water: A quantitative review. Functional Plant Biology 27(6):1-15 DOI:10.1071/PP99173_CO (2000).
  • Poorter: Light-dependent changes in biomass allocation and their importance for growth of rain forest tree species. Functional Ecology 15(1):113-123 (2001).
  • U.S. Appl. No. 16/526,790 Final Office Action dated Jun. 13, 2022.
  • U.S. Appl. No. 17/152,972 Non-Final Office Action dated Oct. 6, 2022.
  • Wang et al.: Contributions of green light to plant growth and development. Am J Bot. 100(1):70-78 doi:10.3732/ajb.1200354 (2013).
Patent History
Patent number: D1028646
Type: Grant
Filed: Apr 30, 2021
Date of Patent: May 28, 2024
Assignee: Opti-Harvest, Inc. (Los Angeles, CA)
Inventors: Nicholas Booth (Covina, CA), Jonathan Destler (Los Angeles, CA), Daniel L. Farkas (Los Angeles, CA), Yosepha Shahak Ravid (Visalia, CA), Nadav Ravid (Los Angeles, CA)
Primary Examiner: Vy N Koenig
Assistant Examiner: Benjamin D. Wannemacher
Application Number: 29/781,828
Classifications
Current U.S. Class: D8/1