Strawberry plant called Irvine
This invention relates to a new and distinct day-neutral variety of strawberry plant called `Irvine`. The variety has a chilling requirement lower than `Selva`. It has a high yield and produces a large, firm fruit which is symmetrical and ranges from conic medium to flat and wedgy in shape. The variety is quite flexible in that it can be planted commercially or in the home garden and the fruit is recommended for the fresh market or for processing. The fruit of `Irvine` is juicier and has a better flavor than `Selva`.
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This invention relates to a new and distinctive day-neutral type strawberry cultivar designated `Irvine` which is the result of a cross of `Douglas` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,487).times.`Muir` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,558), made in 1982.
`Irvine` first fruited at the University of California South Coast Field Station, Irvine, Calif. in 1983, where it was selected and designated originally as Cal 82:14-603. It was tested later as advanced selection CN 14.
`Irvine` has been propagated asexually by runners and has been tested at various University of California field stations and research facilities and to a limited extent in growers' fields under Test Agreement.
In the photographs:
FIG. 1 shows typical early season growth, flowering and fruiting characteristics of the plant.
FIG. 2 shows a typical early-season mature leaf from a fruiting plant.
FIG. 3 shows individual representative early-season fruit with longitudinal and cross-sectional views.
`Irvine` commences fruiting about three months after planting, whether freshly dug or cold storage plants are used, and regardless of planting time provided that satisfactory growing conditions prevail. `Irvine` is a stronger day-neutral than `Selva` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,266), or `Muir` but not quite as strong as `Hecker` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,507) or `Fern` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 3,267). The difference is most evident in the nursery where only the mother and first daughter plants of `Selva` and to a somewhat greater extent `Muir` tend to flower and fruit strongly, whereas most of the daughter plants of `Hecker` and `Fern` and to a somewhat lesser extent `Irvine` do so. Thus, ranking them in order of the tendency for plants to flower in the nursery in order would be: `Hecker`--`Fern`--`Irvine`--`Muir`--`Selva`. All are heterozygous for the day-neutral trait.
`Irvine` is of particular interest for winter plantings in situation where `Selva` is used successfully.
Plants and foliage: Fruiting `Irvine` plants are more erect in growth habits than those of `Muir` and much more so than those of `Selva`. Leaf characteristics from mid-summer 1988 central coast grown fruiting plants of `Irvine` are compared with those of `Muir`, `Selva`, `Fern` and `Douglas` in Table 1:
TABLE 1
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DOUG-
IRVINE MUIR SELVA FERN LAS
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Munsell 7.5GY4/4 2.5GY4/ 7.5GY4/
7.5GY4/
2.5G/
Color 3 4 4 Y6/8
Shape 1.10 1.02 1.10 1.14 1.09
(length/
width)
Base angle
53 60 55 50 49
of terminal
leaflet
Size 76 84 81 76 87
of terminal
leaflets
Serrations
9.4 11.2 11.2 12.0 10.6
of terminal
leaflet
Petiolule
6.6 6.6 10.4 6.4 11.8
length
(MM)
Petiole 150 137 152 154 191
length
(MM)
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As shown above `Irvine` leaves are about the same color as those of `Selva` and `Fern` but lighter and more yellow than those of `Muir` or `Douglas` (Munsell Color System--Nickerson Color Fan). Terminal leaflets are somewhat similar in shape to those of `Selva` or `Douglas` but less round than those of `Muir` as shown by the length/width measurement and half/blade terminal leaflet basal angle. `Irvine` terminal leaflets are about the same size as those of `Fern`, smaller than those of `Muir`, `Selva` and `Douglas` as determined by extracting the square root of the length.times.width measurements. Terminal leaflet serration numbers are less than those for all the comparison cultivars. The length of the terminal leaflet petiolules of `Irvine` is about the same as those of `Muir` or `Fern` but considerably shorter than those of `Selva` and `Douglas`. `Irvine` plants are about the same size as those of `Selva` or `Fern`, larger than those of `Muir` but much smaller than those of `Douglas` as indicated by petiole length. Bract leaflets are rare on `Irvine` petioles in contrast to `Muir` and `Selva`. Runner production in nursery plants of `Irvine` is very good, about equal to or better than for `Selva` and `Muir`.
Isozymes in leaf extracts: `Irvine` has been classified for three enzyme systems by starch gel electrophoresis: A. Phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI); B. Leucine amino peptidase (LAP) and C. Phosphoglucomutase (PGM); and the results are compared with those for the other day-neutral California cultivars in Table 2.
TABLE 2
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IRVINE MUIR SELVA FERN
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PGI A3 A2 A2 A4
LAP B1 B1 B3 B3
GM C1 C2 C2 C2
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APTOS
HECKER & BRIGHTON MRAK YOLO
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PGI A1 A4 A1 A1
LAP B1 B3 B3 B1
GM C4 C4 C2 C2
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Thus, `Irvine` with the pattern A3 (heterozygous for the fast band), B1 and C1 can be distinguished from all other U.C. day-neutrals unambiguously with these three systems. `Irvine` can also be distinguished unambiguously from the presently important California standard type cultivars including: `Chandler`, `Douglas`, `Pajaro`, `Parker` and `Oso Grande`. For the procedure see: J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:684-687, 1981).
Disease and pest reaction: `Irvine` is highly resistant to (tolerant of) the virus diseases common in California including `Mild Yellow Edge` and complexes containing it, probably quite susceptible to Verticillum wilt, (since both parents are), moderately susceptible to the two-spotted mite.
Flowering, fruiting, fruit and production characteristics: `Irvine` is similar to California day-neutral cultivars `Selva` and `Muir` in that with a minimum of conditioning, it will flower and fruit anytime, effectively independent of day length. Flowers are borne on long, relatively thick peduncles, even more erect than those of `Muir` and much more erect than those of `Selva` and they tend to remain so until the weight of the fruit brings them down. The flowers have large attractive petals (5 to 8 averaging about 6). `Irvine` is self-fertile providing ample pollen through-out the season and pollination is generally good as relatively few malformed fruit form.
`Irvine` is capable of yielding about as much as other high yielding day-neutral and short-day type cultivars and the fruit size is almost as large on the average as that of `Selva` and `Muir` (Tables 3 and 4). `Irvine` has a lower chilling requirement than `Selva` and can probably be planted earlier than `Selva` with favorable results (Tables 3 and 4). Size varies considerably on `Irvine` as the season advances or environmental conditions change.
`Irvine` fruit shape is characteristically medium conic, but sometimes flat or wedgy; centers may be hollow. `Irvine` fruit quality characteristics (soluble solids, firmness, ascorbic acid and color) are compared with those of `Selva`, `Muir`, `Chandler`, `Douglas`, `Pajaro` and `Oso Grande` from plants grown under optimum conditions under the "hill" system in winter plantings at the University of Califor1ia Strawberry Research Facility, Watsonville in Table 5.
TABLE 3
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Comparing 1987 yield and fruit size of high elevation
(MacDoel) plants of `Irvine` with that of standard
cultivars and `Selva` dug Oct. 15 and winter planted at
the South Coast Field Station, Irvine.
TOTAL
G/PL BY YLD
CUL- PERIODS ENDING : G/ SIZE
TIVAR 2/28 3/31 4/30 5/31 6/30 PL S.D. G/FR
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IRVINE 61 181 674 230 291 1441 72 20.6
SELVA 91 133 319 171 217 935 75 17.0
CHAND- 74 45 805 442 258 1627 45 20.8
LER
OSO 70 36 878 330 165 1482 81 25.6
GRANDE
PARKER 110 88 681 262 253 1398 79 23.5
DOUG- 77 59 706 267 282 1395 55 22.5
LAS
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TABLE 4
______________________________________
Comparing 1987 yield and fruit size of high elevation
(MacDoel) plants of `Irvine` with that of `Muir` and
`Selva` dug Oct. 15 and planted as indicated at the
U.C.D. Strawberry Research Facility, Watsonville.
G/PL BY PERIODS ENDING :
CULTIVAR PLTD 4/20 6/4 7/13 8/24 10/5
______________________________________
IRVINE 11/4 179 803 432 380 207
11/19 111 757 616 470 217
MUIR 11/4 245 753 309 429 197
11/19 126 884 460 469 218
SELVA 11/4 240 449 235 445 158
11/19 227 727 361 527 161
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TOTAL YLD SIZE
CULTIVAR PLTD G/PL S.D. G/FR
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IRVINE 11/4 2007 308 19.5
11/19 2174 172 20.9
MUIR 11/4 1935 5 19.1
11/19 2159 173 20.3
SELVA 11/4 1529 76 19.8
11/19 2005 37 21.5
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According to our measurements, `Irvine` fruit was comparable to those of `Douglas`, `Oso Grande` and `Pajaro` in soluble solids, perhaps a little less than those `Muir`, `Selva` or `Chandler`. The fruit of `Irvine` is very firm, about equal to `Selva` and `Oso Grande` as measured by a pentetrometer equipped with a `Hunter Force Gage` and it stores and ships about as well as `Selva`. However, `Irvine` fruit appears to be quite sensitive to rain damage.
TABLE 5
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Comparing fruit quality characteristics of `Irvine` with
those for standard short-day and day-neutral types of
mid-summer fruit from the U.C.D. Strawberry Research
Facility, Watsonville.
SOL. AS-
SOLIDS CORBIC MUN-
CULT- SIG- FIRMNESS MG/ SELL
IVAR % NIF. PENET. S.D. 100 S.D. COLOR
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MUIR 8.6 a 7.0 0.5 26.9 1.7 7R4.5/13
SELVA 8.5 ab 7.7 0.2 26.9 2.7 7R4/11
CHAND- 8.3 ab 6.2 0.4 29.8 4.6 5R4/12
LER
DOUG- 8.1 abc 5.2 0.4 31.7 5.5 6R4/12
LAS
OSO 7.7 abc 7.7 0.4 32.4 3.1 7.5R4.5/11
IRVINE 7.1 c 7.8 0.4 26.2 6.7 7R5/14
PAJARO 7.0 c 7.3 0.2 36.2 1.4 5R4/12
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`Irvine` fruit averaged about as high in ascorbic acid content as `Selva` or `Muir` but less than `Chandler`, `Douglas`, `Oso` and `Pajaro` as measured by the Loeffler and Ponting method (1942, J. Indust. and Engin. Chem. 14:846).
The fruit skin color is less red than that of `Selva` but much less red than that of `Chandler`, `Pajara` or `Douglas` (ibid.). The finish is particularly bright and attractive. The flesh is about the same as the skin but less intense with a slightly lighter ring around the core. The achenes are bright yellow to slightly reddish, positioned about flush with the skin surface. The calyx is medium to large sized, positioned from even with the base of the fruit to being borne on a short rather thick neck, somewahat reflexed.
The flavor of `Irvine` fruit is as good or better than that of `Selva` and is slightly more juicy. The fruit is recommended for fresh market and processing, for commercial planting and home gardening, particularly where "off season" fruiting is desirable. The only cultivars that `Irvine` resembles closely in performance are `Selva` and `Muir` and consequently it is of interest wherever `Selva` is currently grown.
Claims
1. The new and distinct variety of strawberry plant herein described and illustrated and identified by the characteristics enumerated above.
Type: Grant
Filed: Nov 9, 1988
Date of Patent: Feb 27, 1990
Assignee: The Regents of the University of California (Berkeley, CA)
Inventors: Victor Voth (Santa Ana, CA), Royce S. Bringhurst (Davis, CA)
Primary Examiner: James R. Feyrer
Law Firm: Townsend and Townsend
Application Number: 7/269,928
International Classification: A01H 500;
