Chrysanthemum plant named Lemon Cantata
A Chrysanthemum plant named Lemon Cantata particularly characterized by its flat capitulum form; daisy capitulum type; lemon-cream ray floret color; diameter across face of capitulum of 73 to 86 mm when fully opened, when grown as a single stem spray cut mum; photoperiodic flowering response to short days when grown in Salinas, Calif., is 46 to 55 days after start of short days; flowering response in Bogota, Colombia is 63 to 66 days; plant height is 71 to 91 cm when grown in Salinas with 3 to 11 long days prior to start of short days; height is 99 to 107 cm when grown in Bogota with 14 to 15 long days prior to start of short days; peduncle length of the first lateral at flowering after removing the apical bud without growth regulator applications is 8 to 15 cm when grown in Salinas, and 10 to 20 cm when grown in Bogota; peduncle length of the fourth lateral at flowering is 13 to 20 cm when grown in Salinas, and 18 to 23 cm when grown in Bogota; and excellent tolerance to low night temperatures for bud initiation and flower development.
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The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of Chrysanthemum, botanically known as Dendranthema grandiflora, and referred to by the cultivar name Lemon Cantata.
Lemon Cantata, identified as 3311 (87-512B07), is a product of a mutation induction program. The new cultivar was discovered and selected by the inventor Cornelis P. VandenBerg on Oct. 25, 1990, in a controlled environment in Salinas, Calif., as one flowering plant within a flowering block established as rooted cuttings from stock plants which had been exposed as unrooted cuttings to an X-ray source of 1500 rads in Fort Myers, Fla., on May 17, 1990.
The irradiated parent cultivar was the cultivar identified as Cantata, disclosed in my Plant Patent Application Ser. No. 07/745,701, now U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,172. Cantata can be described as a spray cut mum with a flat capitulum form; a daisy capitulum type, a light pink ray floret color in the red group; diameter across face of capitulum of 76 to 89 mm when fully opened; flowering response period of 46 to 54 days after start of short days in Salinas, Calif., and of 59 to 66 days in Bogota, Colombia; plant height of 69 to 97 cm when grown in Salinas with 3 to 11 long days prior to start of short days, and 94 to 107 cm when grown in Bogota with 14 to 15 long days prior to start of short days; and excellent tolerance to low night temperatures for bud initiation and flower development. The foregoing description of Cantata has a somewhat wider range of measurements than the description of Cantata in the pending application noted. This is based on the continued flowering trials of Cantata after preparing and filing the application of Cantata.
The irradiation program resulting in Lemon Cantata had as its primary objective the expansion of color ranges of the parent cultivar Cantata. The irradiation program comprised irradiating cuttings of the parent cultivar at irradiation levels of 1500, 1750 and 2000 rads. A total of 1,966 cuttings harvested from a total of 225 irradiated plants were planted on Aug. 27, 1990, Aug. 13, 1990 and Aug. 13, 1990, respectively. Of these, 23 initial selections were made, which selections were then revegetated and reflowered. Three consecutive flowerings resulted in discarding 20 of the original 23 selections on Jul. 26, 1991, while 3 codes were retained as PI (Possible Introduction) status. The three retained codes were further tested in Salinas, Calif., and in Bogota, Colombia, ultimately resulting in the decision to introduce all three remaining selections as Lemon Cantata, White Cantata and Peach Cantata. The latter two cultivars are disclosed in pending plant patent applications.
The first act of sexual reproduction of Lemon Cantata was accomplished when vegetative cuttings were taken from the original selection in December 1990 in a controlled environment in Salinas, Calif., by technicians working under supervision of Cornelis P. VandenBerg.
Horticultural examination of controlled flowerings of successive plantings has shown that the unique combination of characteristics as herein disclosed for Lemon Cantata are firmly fixed and are retained through successive generations of asexual reproduction.
Lemon Cantata has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary significantly with variations in environment such as temperature, light intensity and daylength, without, however, any variance in genotype.
The following observations, measurements and comparisons describe plants grown in Salinas, Calif., and in Bogota, Colombia, under greenhouse conditions which approximate those generally used in commercial greenhouse practice. The low night temperature tolerance was determined in repeated flowerings in Bogota, Colombia at temperatures as low as 5-10 degrees Celsius.
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be basic characteristics of Lemon Cantata, which, in combination, distinguish this Chrysanthemum as a new and distinct cultivar:
1. Flat capitulum form.
2. Daisy capitulum type.
3. Lemon-cream ray floret color.
4. Diameter across face of capitulum of 73 to 86 mm when fully opened, when grown as a single stem spray cut mum.
5. Photoperiodic flowering response to short days when grown in Salinas, Calif., is 46 to 55 days after start of short days. Flowering response in Bogota, Colombia is 63 to 66 days.
6. Plant height is 71 to 79 cm when grown in Salinas with 3 to 11 long days prior to start of short days; height is 99 to 107 cm when grown in Bogota with 14 to 15 long days prior to start of short days.
7. Peduncle length of the first lateral at flowering after removing the apical bud without growth regulator applications is 8 to 15 cm when grown in Salinas, and 10 to 20 cm when grown in Bogota. Peduncle length of the fourth lateral at flowering is 13 to 20 cm when grown in Salinas, and 18 to 23 cm when grown in Bogota.
8. Excellent tolerance to low night temperatures for bud initiation and flower development.
The accompanying photographic drawing is a side view of a single stem cut spray mum of Lemon Cantata, with the colors being as nearly true as possible with illustrations of this type.
Of the commercial cultivars known to the inventor, the most similar in comparison to Lemon Cantata is the parent cultivar Cantata. All traits of Lemon Cantata are similar to those of Cantata, except for the ray floret color, diameter of capitulum and plant height. Lemon Cantata has a lemon-cream ray floret color, while Cantata has a light pink ray floret color. In several flowering trials the diameter of capitulum of Lemon Cantata was 3 mm smaller when compared with Cantata, while the plant height was 3 to 10 cm shorter than the plant height of Cantata.
In the following description color references are made to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart. The color values were determined on plant material grown as a single stem spray cut mum in Salinas, Calif. on Dec. 15, 1992.
Classification:
Botanical.--Dendranthema grandiflora cv Lemon Cantata.
Commercial.--Flat daisy cut spray mum.
INFLORESCENCEA. Capitulum:
Form.--Flat.
Type.--Daisy.
Diameter across face.--72 to 86 mm when fully opened.
B. Corolla of ray florets:
Color (general tonality from a distance of three meters).--Lemon-cream.
Color (upper surface).--10D to 11D.
Color (under surface).--10D to 11D.
Shape.--Straight, oblong, slightly ribbed.
C. Corolla of disc florets:
Color (mature).--14A to 14B.
Color (immature).--144B.
D. Reproductive organs:
Androecium.--Present on disc florets only; moderate pollen.
Gynoecium.--Present on both ray and disc florets.
PLANTA. General appearance:
Height.--71 to 91 cm when grown in Salinas with 3 to 11 long days prior to start of short days; height is 99 to 107 cm when grown in Bogota with 14 to 15 long days prior to start of short days.
B. Foliage:
Color (upper surface).--147A.
Color (under surface).--147B.
Claims
1. A new and distinct Chrysanthemum plant named Lemon Cantata, as described and illustrated.
- Searles, S. A., et al., (1968) "Use of Gamma and X Rays" Chrysanthemums the Year Round, Blandford Press, Ltd., London, pp. 27-29. Broertjes, C., (1966) "Mutation Breeding of Chrysanthemums" Euphytica 15 pp. 156-162. Broertjes, C., et al., (1980) "A mutant of a mutant of a mutant of a . . . Irridation of Progressive Radiation Induced Mutants in a Mutation Breeding Programme with Chrysanthemum morifolium" Euphytica 29, pp. 525-530. Chan, A. R., (1966) "Chrysanthemum and Rose Mutations Induced by X Rays" J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 88 pp. 613-620. Broertjes, et al., "Chrysanthemum" Mutation Breeding Methods in the Improvement of Vegetatively Propagated Crops, 1978 Elsevier, Sci. Pub. Co., N.Y., pp. 162-175. Dowrick, G. J., et al., (1966) "The Induction of Mutations in Chrysanthemum Using X and Gamma Radiations" Euphytica 15, pp. 204-210. Gosling, S. G., (Ed.) "Sporting and Radiation" The Chrysanthemum Manual 1979 Nat. Chrysanth. Soc., London, pp. 329-336. Sigurbjornsson, B., "Chapter 8, Induced Mutations", Crop Breeding, 1983, ASA, CSSA, pp. 153 to 176.
Type: Grant
Filed: Mar 23, 1993
Date of Patent: Jun 21, 1994
Assignee: Yoder Brothers, Inc. (Barberton, OH)
Inventor: Cornelis P. VandenBerg (Salinas, CA)
Primary Examiner: James R. Feyrer
Law Firm: Foley & Lardner
Application Number: 8/36,851
International Classification: A01H 500;
