Line of sight hose cover
A hose cover for a high pressure hose is disclosed. The hose cover includes an outer sheath and an inner sheath disposed within the outer sheath. The inner and outer sheaths have a woven construction, each have a plurality of warp threads, and a weft thread that is interwoven between the warp threads. The weft thread is woven between the warp threads of the inner and outer sheaths in a pattern such that weft thread is shared between the inner and outer sheath and the inner and outer sheaths are interwoven together.
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This application is a reissue application of U.S. Pat. No. 8,137,779, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention generally relates to hose covers, and more specifically to a cover for a high-pressure hose.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONHigh-pressure hoses present a danger to persons located in the surrounding areas. High-pressure hoses, for example hydraulic hoses located on machinery, present a danger to persons around the machinery that are exposed when the hose fails under high pressure.
Typically, a high pressure hose has two modes of failure. The hose can catastrophically burst or rupture or can develop a small hole in the wall which can be described as a pin hole failure. A large area of the hose typically fails when the hose has a catastrophic burst failure. This type of failure can be described as explosive and a large amount of fluid under high pressure is released from the hose. Persons in the area surrounding the hose may have fluid sprayed on them. The fluid may be hot or toxic, which potentially can cause injury to persons exposed to the fluid. Further, the high pressure hoses may have a metal jacket or outer covering. During the rupture of the hose, pieces of the hose can be ejected at high speed, turning into shrapnel having the potential to cause injury to persons in the area.
During a pin hole failure, a small hole develops in the wall of the high pressure hose. The rest of the hose remains intact and the fluid maintains a relatively high pressure. A high pressure jet of fluid is formed when fluid escapes from the hose through the pin hole at very high pressures. The high pressure jet has the potential to cause severe injury to surrounding personnel. The fluid escaping from a pin hole can result in the amputation of body parts. Also, the fluid jet can puncture the skin and can inject the fluid under the skin. The fluid injected under the skin, which may be oil, can cause severe injury, blood poisoning and/or require amputation of the affected body parts. Further, the fluid jet can puncture protective garments such gloves and result in the above injuries.
Thus, there is a need to protect personnel from catastrophic ruptures, pin hole failures, and other failures of high pressure hoses.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA hose cover for a high pressure hose is disclosed. The hose cover includes an outer sheath and an inner sheath disposed within the outer sheath. The inner and outer sheaths each have a woven construction and include a plurality of warp threads that extend in a longitudinal direction. A weft thread extends in a circumferential direction is woven between the warp threads. The weft thread is woven through the warp threads of the outer and inner sheaths such that the inner and outer sheaths have an interwoven construction.
The foregoing and other features of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and drawings of illustrative embodiments of the invention in which:
The inner 12 and outer 14 sheaths have a woven construction formed through the weaving of fibers. The fibers can be a number of different materials, such as synthetic materials including nylon, polyester and Kevlar™. Other materials may be selected depending on the type of fluid circulating in the hose or the operating environment in which the hose cover will be used. The material can be selected to help prevent the material of the hose cover 10 from being degraded by the fluid or the environment in which the hose cover will be used. Further, the warp threads 16 of the inner sheath 12 and the warp threads 16 of the outer sheath 14, as well as weft thread 18, can have different diameters. The threads can also be made from different materials.
As shown in
The weft thread 18 is then woven in from the first side 24 of the inner sheath 12 to a second side 26 of the inner sheath 12, as shown in
The above described pattern of the weft is repeated to continue forming the inner and outer sheaths. Thus,
The pattern the weft thread follows creates an inner sheath and an outer sheath that are interwoven with each other. The inner sheath is attached to the outer sheath at the knit edge 30 and at the crossover 28 where the weft thread crosses from the outer sheath 14 to the inner sheath 12 and from the inner sheath 12 to the outer sheath 14 due to the interweaving of the weft thread 18. The inner and outer sheaths do not have to be attached to each at any other points along their walls. The inner and outer sheaths are only attached at knit edge 30 and the crossover point 28 (or woven edge) where the weft crossover occurs. The knit edge 30 is also provided with a lock stitch thread to prevent the weave from unraveling. The knitting pattern at the knit edge is known as a weaving system #3. Other weaving systems may also be used such as a system 5.
The inner 12 and outer 14 sheaths can be two separate “layers” that are interconnected at the crossover point 28 where the weft thread 18 crosses between the inner and outer sheaths to interweave them, and connected together at the knit edge 30 by the knitting of the weft thread. The inner 12 and outer 14 sheaths can also consist of four separate “layers,” first side 20 and second side 22 forming the outer sheath 14 and first side 24 and second side 26 forming the inner sheath 12. The four layers are connected along the woven edge at the crossover point 28 by the interweaving of the weft thread 18, and are connected along the opposite edge by the knitting of the weft thread at the knit edge 30.
The interweaving of the weft thread confers advantages to the hose cover's resistance to failures of the high pressure hose. The four pass pattern that is shown in
The inner sheath 12 is formed with a high density weave. The fibers are woven at a high density to help absorb the energy of pin hole type failures of the high pressure hose. The diameter of the warp threads 16 of the inner sheath 12 may be smaller than the diameter of the warp threads 16 of the outer sheath 14 in order to achieve the higher density weave of the inner sheath. A high energy stream of fluid jets out when a small hole develops in the wall of the high pressure hose. The high pressure stream of fluid then contacts the inner sheath of the hose cover. The high density weave of the inner cover disperses the energy of the fluid stream. The high density weave prevents the separation of the fibers that would allow the fluid jet through the weave relatively unimpeded. When the stream impacts the high density weave of the inner sheath the stream is atomized or broken up and dispersed. The energy of the stream can also be absorbed by the inner sheath as the stream is dispersed. Thus, if fluid manages to pass through the inner sheath it escapes as a harmless low energy mist or seepage that is mostly contained by the outer sheath.
The inner 12 and outer 14 sheaths of the hose cover 10 are shown in
A hose cover having warp threads and a weft pattern as described above underwent testing to determine its effectiveness to contain a high pressure hose failure. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the warp material used for the outer sheath was 2780 D solution black AJT nylon. The warp material for the inner sheath was 1680 natural nylon T/6. The weft material was 420 d Solution black nylon. The outer sheath had a 101,470 total denier per inch of width in the warp direction, the inner sheath had a 61,320 total denier per inch of width in the warp direction, and the weft had a 87,360 total denier per inch of length. The combination used provides for a tighter, thinner weave for the inner sheath as compared to the outer sheath, giving the fabric of the inner sheath a very low permeability. The hose cover was placed around a hydraulic hose and underwent burst testing. The fluid pressure in the hose was consistently increased until the hose ruptured inside the hose cover. The hose cover remained intact and the energy of the escaping fluid was dissipated and the fluid harmlessly seeped out of the cover as desired. A conventional hose cover was also subjected to similar testing and failed. The cover was torn by escaping fluid at the place the hydraulic hose failed.
The hose cover according to the embodiment of the invention described above was also subjected to impulse testing to test the hose cover's resistance to pin hole type failures. A small hole having a diameter of approximately 0.038 inch was drilled into the wall of the hydraulic hose and a hose cover was then placed around the hydraulic hose. The fluid pressure inside the hose was cycled to a test pressure of 3,200 psi at a rate of 70 cycles per minute for 30 minutes with the fluid temperature at 212° F. The hose cover remained intact with fluid seeping through the outer sheath of hose cover at low energy. A conventional hose cover was subjected to similar testing and the cover was completely penetrated by a jet of fluid exiting from the hole in the hydraulic hose and the jet exited at high pressure.
The hose cover 10 provides protection against both high energy bursting of a high pressure hose as well as small holes in the hose that allow high pressure streams to escape. The energy of these types of failures is absorbed by the weave and interweave of the hose cover. The fluid that is released by the failure of the hose can be allowed to seep through body of the cover around the area of the failure. The pooling of fluid alerts personnel of the hose failure without causing injury to personnel from the high energy release of fluid.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims
1. A high pressure hose cover, comprising:
- an outer sheath having a woven construction that includes a plurality of warp threads that extend in a longitudinal direction;
- an inner sheath having a woven construction that includes a plurality of warp threads that extend in a the longitudinal direction, the inner sheath being disposed within the outer sheath;
- a weft thread that extends in a circumferential direction, wherein the weft thread is:
- (i) interwoven between only the plurality of warp threads of the outer sheath along a first section of the hose cover;
- (ii) interwoven between only the plurality of warp threads of the inner sheath along a second section of the hose cover; and
- (iii) interwoven between the warp threads of the inner and outer sheaths in a pattern such that the weft thread is shared between the inner and outer sheaths along at least a first connection section and a second connection section of the sheath, wherein each of the first and the second connection sections includes at least one warp thread, and
- wherein, in the first connection section, the weft thread transitions from the first section to the second section and, in the second connection section, the weft thread transitions from the second section to the first section.
2. The high pressure hose cover according claim 1, wherein the pattern in which the weft thread is woven is from a first side of the outer sheath to a second side of the outer sheath, from a second side of the outer sheath to a first side of the inner sheath, from a first side of the inner sheath to a second side of the inner sheath, and from a second side of the inner sheath to a first side of the outer sheath.
3. The high pressure hose cover of claim 1, wherein, within the first section, the weft thread interweaves all of the warp threads of the outer sheath and, within the second section, the weft thread interweaves all of the warp threads of the inner sheath, and, within the first and second connection section sections, the weft thread interweaves only one of the warp threads of the outer sheath with only one of the warp threads of the inner sheath.
4. The high pressure hose cover of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second connection sections includes at least one warp thread from the outer sheath and at least one warp thread from the inner sheath.
5. The high pressure hose cover of claim 1, wherein, in the first section, the weft thread interweaves each of the warp threads in the first section and wherein, in the second section, the weft thread interweaves each of the warp threads in the second section.
6. A high pressure hose cover comprising:
- an outer sheath comprising a first outer side and a second outer side, wherein each of the first outer side and the second outer side comprises a plurality of warp threads that extend in a longitudinal direction;
- an inner sheath comprising a first inner side and a second inner side, wherein each of the first inner side and the second inner side comprises a plurality of warp threads that extend in the longitudinal direction, and wherein the first outer side covers the first inner side and the second outer side covers the second inner side;
- a weft thread that extends in a circumferential direction;
- wherein the weft thread is interwoven between only the warp threads of the first outer side or only the warp threads of the second outer side in at least one outer section;
- wherein the weft thread is interwoven between only the warp threads of the first inner side or only the warp threads of the second inner side in at least one inner section;
- a first crossover point comprising at least one warp thread and wherein the weft thread transitions from the outer sheath to the inner sheath; and
- a second crossover point comprising at least one warp thread and wherein the weft thread transitions from the inner sheath to the outer sheath.
7. The high pressure hose cover of claim 6, wherein the first outer side comprises a plurality of outer sections along the longitudinal direction of the hose cover and the second outer side comprises a plurality of outer sections along the longitudinal direction of the hose cover.
8. The high pressure hose cover of claim 6, wherein the first inner side comprises a plurality of inner sections along the longitudinal direction of the hose cover and the second inner side comprises a plurality of inner sections along the longitudinal direction of the hose cover.
9. The high pressure hose cover of claim 6, wherein:
- at the first crossover point, the weft thread transitions from the first outer side to the second inner side; and
- at the second crossover point, the weft thread transitions from the first inner side to the second outer side.
10. The high pressure hose cover of claim 6,
- wherein the at least one outer section comprises at least one first outer section and at least one second outer section, wherein the weft thread is interwoven between only the warp threads of the first outer side along the at least one first outer section and wherein the weft thread is interwoven between only the warp threads of the second outer side along the at least one second outer section; and
- wherein the at least one inner section comprises at least one first inner section and at least one second inner section, wherein the weft thread is interwoven between only the warp threads of the first inner side along the at least one first inner section and wherein the weft thread is interwoven between only the warp threads of the second inner side along the at least one second inner section.
11. The high pressure hose cover of claim 6, wherein:
- within each of the at least one outer sections, the weft thread interweaves all of the warp threads of either the first outer side or the second outer side and;
- within each of the at least one inner sections, the weft thread interweaves all of the warp threads of either the first inner side or the second inner side.
12. The high pressure hose cover of claim 6, wherein, at the first and second crossover points, the weft thread interweaves only one of the warp threads of the outer sheath with only one of the warp threads of the inner sheath.
13. The high pressure hose cover of claim 6, wherein each of the first and second crossover points includes at least one warp thread from the outer sheath and at least one warp thread from the inner sheath.
14. The high pressure hose cover of claim 6, wherein the first and second crossover points are located along a crossover edge of the hose cover and wherein the hose cover further comprises a knit edge located along an opposite edge of the hose cover.
15. The high pressure hose cover of claim 14, wherein the outer sheath and the inner sheath are connected at the crossover edge and the knit edge.
16. A high pressure hose cover comprising:
- an outer sheath comprising a plurality of warp threads that extend in a longitudinal direction to form a first outer side and a second outer side;
- an inner sheath comprising a plurality of warp threads that extend in the longitudinal direction to form a first inner side and a second inner side, wherein the first outer side covers the first inner side and the second outer side covers the second inner side;
- a crossover edge that extends along the hose cover in the longitudinal direction and a knit edge that extends along the hose cover in the longitudinal direction and that is opposite the crossover edge, wherein the first outer side, the second outer side, the first inner side, and the second inner side are connected to one another at each of the crossover edge and the knit edge; and
- a weft thread that extends in a circumferential direction and that: is interwoven between only the warp threads of the first outer side along a first outer section; is interwoven between only the warp threads of the second outer side along a second outer section; is interwoven between only the warp threads of the first inner side along a first inner section; is interwoven between only the warp threads of the second inner side along a second inner section; transitions from the outer sheath to the inner sheath at a first crossover point of the crossover edge; and transitions from the inner sheath to the outer sheath at a second crossover point of the crossover edge.
17. The high pressure hose cover of claim 16, wherein the outer sheath and the inner sheath are unconnected to one another between the crossover edge and the knit edge.
18. The high pressure hose cover of claim 16, further comprising an opening to receive a hose that is positioned between the first inner side and the second inner side.
19. The high pressure hose cover of claim 16, wherein each of the first outer section, the second outer section, the first inner section, and the second inner section comprises at least one warp thread.
20. The high pressure hose cover of claim 16, wherein each of the first crossover point and the second crossover point comprises at least one warp thread.
21. The high pressure hose cover of claim 16, wherein, at the first and second crossover points, the weft thread interweaves only one of the warp threads of the outer sheath with only one of the warp threads of the inner sheath.
22. The high pressure hose cover of claim 16, wherein each of the first and second crossover points comprises at least one warp thread from the outer sheath and at least one warp thread from the inner sheath.
23. The high pressure hose cover of claim 16, wherein:
- at the first crossover point, the weft thread transitions from the first outer side to the second inner side; and
- at the second crossover point, the weft thread transitions from the first inner side to the second outer side.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Mar 19, 2014
Date of Patent: Sep 22, 2015
Assignee: YKK Corporation of America (Marietta, GA)
Inventor: Timothy M. Russell (Anniston, AL)
Primary Examiner: Norca L Torres Velazquez
Application Number: 14/219,854
International Classification: D03D 1/00 (20060101); D03D 15/00 (20060101); F16L 57/00 (20060101); D03D 3/02 (20060101); F16L 11/02 (20060101); F16L 57/02 (20060101); D03D 11/02 (20060101); B29K 77/00 (20060101); B29K 105/08 (20060101); B29L 23/00 (20060101);