Abstract: Tanks and containers and apparatus for constructing same wherein said apparatus comprises a plurality of bolt-together panels each of which comprises a curved panel portion bounded by flanges. The flanges are so formed as to enable a very large number of different configurations of tanks and containers to be constructed.

Abstract: A trim arrangement for interior partitions comprising a trim member of resiliently flexible generally planar construction having a pair of outwardly facing upper and lower trim walls juxtaposed to and separated by a continuous slot extending longitudinally of the member, which slot exposes a rearwardly inset continuous anchoring wall defining on the rearwardly facing side of the trim member a rearwardly facing seating surface that is straddled on either side of same by bracing flanges, all of which are applied against the partition wall surface when the trim member is secured to the partition wall surface by applying fasteners at random positions along the anchoring wall through the slot, with a seal strip being force fitted into locking arrangement within the slot to mask the fasteners along the length of the trim member.

Abstract: A building system uses preformed blocks which are specially designed so that they key together when stacked to resist lateral movement and thus form a sturdy, load-bearing wall which does not require any mortar. In addition to a standard block, the system includes keyable corner and partition blocks as well as a cap block to provide appropriate smooth borders for windows, doors and the like.

Abstract: A heat insulating metal composite section for frames of windows, doors, facade panels etc., and a metal load bearing section and parallel to this a metal retaining section which are held together by one or more connecting pieces made of heat insulating, and somewhat springy plastic, the metal components exhibit undercut channels on their sides which face each other and in which projections of the connecting piece elastically engage and also, in which the projections of the connecting piece which engage on the load bearing section are pressed apart by a wedge which is drawn in by a screw which passes through the retaining section and the body of the connecting piece from outside.

Abstract: In order to provide, in a composite structural assembly comprising a plurality of metallic support members disposed in side-by-side relationship and a layer of cementitious material disposed on the plurality of support members, for the securement of the support members to the layer of cementitious material in a particularly simple and efficient manner, there are provided spaced lugs which project from each side edge portion of each of the support members, with according to one aspect of the invention the lugs presented by adjacent side edge portions of adjacent support members being interfitted and being embedded within the layer of cementitious material.

Abstract: A method of producing a container, such as a flip-top cigarette packet, is disclosed. The method includes the initial step of folding an elongate blank at a fold line so that first and second portions of the blank on respective opposite sides of the fold line are brought into mutually facing relationship, and the subsequent steps of folding the first such portion to form the main body of the container and folding the second such portion to form the lid of the container, the latter folding step being carried out whilst the lid portion remains hingedly connected with the main body at the fold line. Also disclosed is apparatus comprising respective folding means to perform the three folding operations referred to above.

Abstract: A packaging system for packaging articles in bag-like containers. An adjustable support disposed below a loading station receives the lower end of a container positioned in the loading station and articles loaded into the container. The support includes a pair of relatively movable members defining surfaces which converge toward each other to support the container when loaded. The spacing and relative inclination between the members is adjustable to accommodate different sized articles and containers. Since the members form a downwardly converging support, articles being dropped into a container being loaded are funneled between the members which absorb the impact of the falling articles.

Abstract: In the present method a package is produced by forming a pouch in a first foil thereby stretching the material thus creating latent shrinking forces. The package is sealed using a second flat foil or a foil having a pouch extending to the opposite direction as the first pouch. The sealing is done inside an evacuated space and the heating of the first foil in order to shrink the pouch is done prior to or at the same time as the vacuum space is aerated.

Abstract: An apparatus for opening collapsed tubular cartons, filling the same with a plurality of product filled beverage cans, or the like, and closing the carton flaps wherein successive cartons, in flattened form, are fed onto a traveling conveyor with end closure flaps extending at opposite sides of the conveyor and double rows of the can units are advanced on infeed conveyor lines traveling along opposite sides of the carton conveyor while the carton carrying conveyor advances the cartons through associated mechanism which co-operates with the conveyor in opening the cartons into tubular form as they are advanced to a filling area or station where the cans are grouped and the required number guided into the opposite open ends of each carton by a series of traveling chains having can engaging lugs thereon which are spaced to properly group the cans and control their movement into the cartons in proper timed relation to the movement of the conveyor which then advances the filled cartons through associated mechanism

Abstract: A cartoning machine having means for depositing three items into a carton as it is conveyed past each of a predetermined number of depositing points. Means are provided for determining when an undercount for a carton occurs and for rejecting the undercount carton.

Abstract: A packing machine wherein a first feeding unit supplies groups of cigarettes into successive mandrels of a first turret which is driven stepwise and moves successive mandrels into register with first and second supplying devices for tinfoil blanks and paper blanks which are thereupon draped around the mandrels to form open-ended packs. The packs and the groups of cigarettes are transferred simultaneously from successive mandrels into successive pockets of a second turret on which the packs are closed.

Abstract: Brander apparatus, for container filling and sealing machines, is actuated by independent driving means controlled by movement or operation of carton treating apparatus at a station in the filling and sealing machine spaced from the brander station. An anvil and a dater block, having protruding date indicia, are mounted so that one is movable toward the other for branding, via actuation of an associated air cylinder and reciprocating cylinder shaft. In several embodiments, pressurized air is transmitted to the cylinder by a valve which is positioned to be actuated by movement of the carbon treating apparatus. In another embodiment, the brander actuating cylinder is commonly actuated with actuation of another cylinder for upstream carton treatment. Additional control apparatus is provided for eliminating the double branding of containers.

Abstract: Apparatus for branding dater or other indicia into predetermined areas of liquid food products containers, such as the top ribs of milk cartons, includes an anvil member adapted to be attached to a movable rib compression jaw of a carton filling and sealing apparatus, and a heated dater block mounting date-applying structure, the block being mounted on the apparatus such that the date-applying structure is aligned with the anvil. The anvil and dater block comprise a dating station which is adjacent the compression station of the apparatus and so close to the compression station that the conveyor of the apparatus positively indexes cartons toward and away from the dating station. When the movable compression jaw moves toward a carton rib to compress it against the other jaw, the dater anvil is thereby moved toward the rib of a downstream carton to press it against the heated date-applying structure and a date is branded into the rib.

Abstract: In a banderolling apparatus in which banding material is wrapped around a stack of objects and tied by welding, the speed of operation and the effectiveness of the weld are promoted by applying cooling air at the welding zone through a clamping jaw adjacent the weld.

Abstract: A packaging machine operative to sequentially fold separate cooperating carton blanks about lading and discharge a sealed package containing the lading in an automatic operation. The packaging machine is particularly adapted to cooperate with a lading loading ram which could be provided by a conventional case packer having a discharge horn through which the ram moves a quantity of lading. The carbon blank system includes a body blank having a center panel and alternate side panels with flanges hingedly connected along the longitudinal edges of the panels and along the ends of the side panels and a cover blank having a center panel and alternate side panels.

Abstract: Multi-twist spindle having a supporting element for a feeding bobbin carrying a coil of an elongated strand, a brake through which the strand from the bobbin passes to an inner main carrier, and an inner auxiliary carrier driven by an inner main pulley, and an inner auxiliary pulley, the two said pulleys being speed and phase synchronized by a transmission including an elongated shaft spanning the distance between the two pulleys. After passing through the inner auxiliary carrier the strand goes through an outer main carrier and an outer auxiliary carrier rotating in a direction opposite to the inner carriers and carried by aligned outer main shafts which are speed and phase synchronized. Each set of main and auxiliary carriers constitutes a carrier couple which carries out two twists of the strand per one revolution.

Abstract: Fibers are carried to a spinning rotor from a fiber-resolving device by a translational fluid medium, such as air, which is first accelerated to orient the fibers. Carrier fluid next is maintained at constant speed and laminar flow to deliver the oriented fibers to a rotating laminar fluid in the region adjacent to the inner wall of the spinning rotor. The acceleration and velocity of the translational fluid is effected by a feed tube having a frustoconical infeed section, tapered toward a cylindrical outfeed section.

Abstract: A spliceless longitudinally extending strand structure and method of fabricating the same which method embodies the steps of stranding at least one generally elongated strand wire about a first individual core wire segment to form a first outer layer segment, bonding a second core wire segment to the first core wire segment, bonding a second generally elongated strand wire to each of the first strand wires and stranding the second strand wires about second core wire segment as a second outer layer segment to form a continuous length of a strand structure. This process is continued until a strand structure of desired length is obtained. A stranded cable is formed by helically twisting a plurality of strand structures together. In the strand structure, the bonded joints connecting the strand wires between adjacent outer layer segments are spaced from the joint between the associated core wire segments and from each other longitudinally of the strand structure.

Abstract: A process is described for false twist texturing polyester filament yarn at greatly enhanced speeds while inserting comparable twist levels and obtaining comparable yarn bulk without increasing yarn heat setting lengths. The process is particularly adopted to the utilization of partially oriented yarns in a draw texturing operation utilizing friction twisting as the means for simultaneously drawing and heat setting the yarn in a twisted state.

Abstract: The invention provides a time indicating device which contains an endless indicating belt carrying indicating means thereon that define three or more equally spaced segments of said belt, the belt passing beneath a face plate with an elongated opening therein mounted adjacent the belt so that from time to time said indicating means carried by said belt are visible through said opening, the length of said opening substantially corresponding to the length of one of said segments so that when said belt is moved past said opening there will be a moment when one of said segments will appear over the entire length of said opening. The device is especially useful in clocks where a plurality of belts are employed which are driven at different speeds to indicate seconds, minutes, hours or, if desired, additional belts can be used to indicate days, weeks, months or other time periods.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solid state timepiece and more particularly to an electronic watch which employs no moving parts. In the present invention a frequency standard in the form of a crystal oscillator acts through a solid state electronic circuit divider and display actuator to power in timed sequence the light-emitting diodes of an electro-optic display. Low cost, low power consumption and small size and weight are achieved through the use of a charge coupled binary divider chain.

Abstract: A hairspring and collet assembly for timepieces in which the collet has a base having an opening and a stud integral from the base in a direction parallel to the axis of the opening. The hairspring comprises an inner turn ending in a bend. The stud occupies a portion of the base extending between the opening and the periphery of the base. The non-deformed portion of the inner turn of the hairspring is secured to the stud and the bend extends freely away from the stud about the opening.

Abstract: A device conceived with the purpose of charging air with hydrogen to give it explosive power as a novel means for generating energy by utilizing the heat obtained from the combustion of these gases. Another purpose of the invention is that of utilizing the heat produced by such combustion for the expansion of air and steam for producing energy.

Abstract: A combined cycle electric power plant includes gas and steam turbines and steam generators and a digital/analog control system. An automatic digital portion of the control system functions with temperature and other detectors to provide temperature limit control for the gas turbines through the fuel valve position controls provided therefor. A blade path temperature reference is generated as a function of combustor shell pressure during the startup and load modes of operation, and during the load mode of operation the blade path temperature reference is further generated with dependence on the actual turbine exhaust temperature. In particular, the turbine blade path temperature is allowed to rise under loading operation until it reaches a limit value defined by a predetermined combustor shell pressure characteristic curve.

Abstract: An electronic fuel control for a gas turbine engine comprises a manual control for setting the desired value of an engine parameter, an error amplifier connected to produce an error signal corresponding to the difference between the output of the control and an integrator, the output of the integrator controlling the supply of fuel to the engine. The error amplifier is connected to the integrator through a variable limiter, which applies a limit to the error in accordance with the difference between the integrator output and the actual value of the parameter. The limiter causes the error signal to go negative if this difference becomes too great.

Abstract: An electrothermal reactor is provided to control the decomposition of chemical compounds and mixes and generate a gas flow. The reactor embodies a reaction chamber which has an electrical heat source. Means are provided to inject the chemical compounds and mixes into the chamber such that the compounds will vaporize. The heat source raises the temperature within the chamber to the reaction temperature wherein the chemical compounds and mixes react, thereby releasing chemical energy and producing a gas flow of the reaction products.

Abstract: A flame tube for a gas turbine engine comprises an annular casing within which is disposed a plurality of rings of silicon nitride tiles. The tiles are arranged in axially extending rows and are located by means of a tongue and groove arrangement. The tiles in each row are urged into mutual engagement by a clamp arrangement at one end of the row and an abutment surface fixed relative to the casing at the other end of the row.

Abstract: A core engine or gas generator for use in a range of gas turbine engines, which consist of a multi-stage compressor and a single stage supersonic turbine, the compressor and turbine being mouned on a single shaft. The compressor includes a number of stages of variable angle and the gas generator has an annular combustion chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a coaxial rotary engine. It has a stationary central cylindrical wall that supports and holds compressing and exhaust gates that open and close at the right time without direct human or electronic help, coaxial rotors with long, arcuate pistons that contain compressing chambers equipped with automatic inlet and outlet ports, compact combustors that do not require turbines, an automatic ignition system that fires at the proper moment, air passageway that runs through its center for internal cooling. It has no internal gears, nor off-centered rotors, nor reciprocating pistons, nor crankshaft. It burns gasoline amid ample air and at a comparatively low temperature, and consequently its exhausts contain extremely small amount of CO, NO.sub.x, and other pollutants. It could also burn hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide 80+, and other fuels.

Abstract: A fuel control system for a gas turbine engine includes a fuel metering arrangement and a spill valve responsive to an increase in pressure drop across the metering arrangement to spill fuel from the upstream side thereof. During engine starting the spill valve may be urged shut to increase fuel flow through the metering arrangement.

Abstract: 1. A solid polyurethane propellant binder composition which comprises a polyurethane composition comprising the reaction product of nitrocellulose plasticized with a plasticizer selected from the group consisting of nitroglycerin and triethyleneglycol dinitrate, an aromatic diisocyanate and a polyol having a molecular weight of about 500 to 3,000 selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acid-polyol-polyesters and polyoxyalkylene ethers, and mixtures thereof, wherein said plasticizer is present in the proportion of about 40 to 60 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of binder composition, wherein said nitrocellulose contains about 11.0 to 13.0% nitrogen and is present in the proportion of about 0.7 to 1.0 part per part of said polyol, and wherein said diisocyanate is present in an amount to provide an NCO/OH ratio of said diisocyanate to said polyol of about 1.2/1 to 3.0/1.

Abstract: A closed center hydraulic system is provided for a lift truck which includes an accumulator, a motor driven pump for supplying fluid under pressure to the accumulator, a plurality of closed center proportional electrohydraulic control valves for a plurality of hydraulically operated devices on the truck such as the lift jack, the mast tilt jack and the hydraulic powered steering mechanism. The pressure to the steering control valve is reduced by a pressure reducing valve and the pressure fluid supply circuit from the accumulator to the lift and tilt circuits is controlled by a blocking valve which is opened when the manual control member for either the lift or tilt control valve is moved from neutral to an operating position. Initial movement of either manual control member causes the blocking valve to open and further movement meters flow, thus permitting the operator to regulate lift and tilt speeds.

Abstract: A fuel-air regulating system for hot gas engines in which a correctly selected ratio between fuel and air is maintained in spite of variations in the engine load. The system comprises temperature-controlled means for supplying fuel and air required for the combustion in a constant amount per unit of time which exceeds that which the engine requires for maximum power output when the high temperature level of the working gas had dropped to a predetermined lower temperature limit and for reducing the fuel and air supply to a constant amount per unit of time which is less than the amount required at idling of the engine when the temperature of the working gas has reached its predetermined upper limit.

Abstract: Power is transmitted between reciprocating crank drives by piston, pump and motor assemblies of the single-acting type interconnected in an open fluid circuit. A valve arrangement in the fluid circuit maintains the pump assembly and the pressure conduits interconnecting the assemblies completely filled with fluid during the return strokes of the pump and motor assemblies.

Abstract: An expansion chamber is provided and heated heat exchange surfaces are disposed in the expansion chamber. An expandable fluid supply is provided together with structure for selectively admitting the expandable fluid into the chamber in good heat exchange relation with the heat exchange surfaces. Further, energy conversion structure is provided and communicated with the expansion chamber and operable to convert the energy of the fluid expanded in the chamber into mechanical energy.

Abstract: A regenerative heat engine designed to produce power for the operation of equipment such as an artificial heart is disclosed. The heat engine includes a temperature control heat pipe located around the periphery of the engine cylinder and a temperature distribution heat pipe located around the periphery of the heat source. A flywheel and bellows seal is included as part of the displacer piston drive, and a flexure support is positioned on the hot end of the displacer piston to allow the piston to move longitudinally while restricting lateral motion.

Abstract: Fluid within a pressure chamber is displaced and pressurized by reeling a flexible cable or filament into the pressure chamber. A movable piston or similar pressure-responsive member in fluid communication with the chamber is moved by the displacement of fluid in the chamber, so as to perform useful work. The flexible cable or filament is wound on a motor-driven reel located in the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A digital transfer system for transferring the operation of a steam turbine between a single and sequential mode of operation is disclosed. A total flow demand signal is applied to all of the valves in parallel for the single mode; and applied to all of the valves through individual function generators for the sequential mode. A digital up/down counter is connected to a rate multiplier for generating pulses at a frequency corresponding to the status of the counter. An electronic switch is connected to conduct either the single or sequential mode signal to the valve operating mechanism to respond to the pulses for repetitively applying alternately the single and sequential mode signal during the transfer.

Abstract: A vapor generator organization arranged for operation in a marine reheat power plant is described in which the reheater tube bundle is disposed in the rear gas pass section of the unit where it is subjected only to low temperature combustion gas during periods of ship maneuvering when no vapor flow occurs through the reheater tubes. A separately fired burner arrangement is operably disposed in the rear gas pass and adapted to be fired at times when the reheater is operative in the system.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in gas turbine plants by encapsulating the compressor and turbine means in a pressure proof casing, and by arranging the hot and cold process sections, respectively, at opposite ends of the casing, the power output shaft can be arranged in the cold section; the arrangement also permits excellent noise insulation possibilities, by arranging the output power means, e.g. an electrical generator or a hydraulic pump within the casing, rotating shaft sealing problems are eliminated.

Abstract: The specification describes a method for the consolidation of coal and/or rock in mines by injection of a liquid which subsequently hardens made up of magnesium chloride solution, having a specific gravity above 1.22, magnesium oxide and bentonite. Before transport the bentonite is suspended in the magnesium chloride solution and the suspension is stabilised by an agent which stiffens the consistency.

Abstract: The sewer laying system comprises a tile carrying and service unit operable to provide pressure for operation of the tile setting apparatus, to carry pallets of tile, to discharge individual tile sections into the area of the ditchline occupied by the tile setting apparatus, to receive and process aggregate which may be material cut from the ditchline itself, and to discharge specially classified material to the tile setting apparatus and other aggregates to backfill the ditchline.

Abstract: A heating and cooling system for an enclosure utilizing electricity generated from wind energy. The system may include a windmill mechanically linked to a plurality of low voltage electrical generators. The electricity is supplied to a plurality of thermoelectric devices which effect heating and cooling of the enclosure. The system is thermostatically controlled and can be employed with existing heating and cooling systems as the primary source of heating and cooling.

Abstract: A system for recovering and condensing vapors from a liquid process or storage tank in which a shell is connected to the tank for receiving the vapors from the tank, and a vortex tube is adapted to supply a stream of cold air into said shell. The cold air is passed in a heat exchange relation to the vapors in said shell to condense the vapors, and the condensed vapors are passed back to the tank.

Abstract: A compressor-expander assembly for use in a refrigeration system which includes a housing defining compression and expansion chambers of generally cylindrical section arranged side by side. Compressor and expander rotors of cylindrical shape are journaled for rotation in the respective chambers. The rotor shaft is offset from the chamber axis so that the surface of each rotor extends closely adjacent to the wall of the chamber causing each chamber to have a convergent side and a divergent side. Equally spaced about the rotor periphery are a set of vanes having their outer edges extending into engagement with the walls of the respective chambers so as to define a series of compartments of changing volume. The compression chamber has an arcuate inlet port which extends over substantially the entire divergent side and a concentrated outlet port which is located near the end of the convergent side.

Abstract: An adjustable torque-limiting coupling, or clutch, consisting of a driving member, a driven member, and a coupling assembly comprising a tapered helical spring and means for adjusting the position of the spring.

Abstract: The panty portion of the panty hose is knit of stretch and spandex yarns to provide compressive force against the body of the wearer. The panty portion includes an attractive pattern of relatively opaque areas and open lace areas with alternate courses being knit of spandex yarn and intervening courses being knit of main and auxiliary stretch yarns. The spandex yarn is knit in every wale of the opaque areas and is selectively knit and tucked in the open lace areas. The main stretch yarn is knit in every wale of both the opaque and open lace areas while the auxiliary stretch yarn is knit in plated relationship with the main stretch yarn in the opaque areas and is floated in the open lace areas.

Abstract: Apparatus for tensioning textile material as the material is knitted from a strand of yarn into an elongated sock by a circular knitting machine includes a first roller over which the sock is passed and a second roller which urges the sock into engagement with the first roller. The first roller has a left-hand helix on one half of its surface which advances from the center of the roller to the edge of the roller as the roller rotates, and has a right-hand helix on the other half which advances from the center of the roller to the opposite end of the roller as the roller rotates. These helixes hold the sock in alignment between the first and second rollers. The first roller is driven by a belt and pulley arrangement and the second roller is free-wheeling so that it is rotated by tangential force applied thereto through the sock.

Abstract: A knitted sleeved garment is made from a blank comprising sleeves and body joined together on the knitting machine by sleeve and body shoulder portions knitted integral with one another and formed with wales of different lengths by taking successive needles out of action during knitting of the shoulder portions and reintroducing those needles in opposite sequence to cause the sleeves to lie at an angle to the body. The shoulder portions extend only part way from the arm pits of the blank to the neck and a shoulder region of the blank adjacent the neck is formed by extensions of the body shoulder portion and/or sleeve shoulder portions.

Abstract: The body garment is of seamless knit and unitary construction and may comprise a panty or the body portion of tights or panty hose of the one-piece type. The body garment comprises a plurality of panels formed by reciprocal knitting which enables variations to be made in the size of different portions of the body garment according to the walewise and coursewise dimensions of the several panels. These panels comprise two elongated waist panels generally formed with tapered edges and separated by a crotch panel running generally perpendicular thereto. The last complete course on the leg portion of the body garment is parallelly interknitted with the adjacent courses on both the crotch and waist panel sections.