Abstract: A system by which in situ observations of optical damage induced in optical omponents by intense thermal radiation may be made. The process includes the determination of the spectral transmission wherein a scanning monochromator is used to illuminate the sample elements with a light beam of monotonically changing wavelength, and the transmitted light is detected and its intensity recorded as a function of wavelength. Optical damage is detected by the resultant changes in the spectral transmission curve.

Abstract: A hydrogen probe system measuring hydrogen gas produced in the corrosion of steel, both in volume and rate, with a relatively simple construction, rapid installation at any location and trouble-free operation for extended periods of time without supervision. The probe system has a ferrous metal body enclosing a cavity collecting hydrogen gas metered through a capillary port into a background liquid contained in a sample cell thereby forming discrete, uniform-dimensioned bubbles. A detector senses the release of these bubbles and provides a representative output signal to an output means giving a readout of the hydrogen gas bubbles being released within a selected time interval.

Abstract: A system responsive to pressure differential is provided for non-destructive testing of the bonding between a face sheet and the attached core of a laminated or like composited structure, including an internally evacuated transducer arranged to glide easily over the surface being scanned while maintaining a constant or pulsating vacuum. Displacement of the face sheet is detected by the transducer which generates a signal indicative of the extent of the defective bond.

Abstract: A system employing a plurality of electronic oscillators for generating test signals at spaced locations remote from a selection point. The oscillators are coupled to a gathering line for petroleum products, each being located adjacent to an acoustic detector coupled to the line for signaling the presence of a leak within its range. A digital selector which manually generates a given number of pulses is located at the selection point. There is a binary counter at each oscillator to receive the pulses. And, there is also a binary encoder at each oscillator to determine which one will be energized, depending upon the number of pulses generated by the selector.

Abstract: For use in ultrasonic pulse-echo apparatus including an ultrasonic wave transducer for transmitting an ultrasonic wave toward an object to be examined and for producing an electric signal corresponding to echo pulses reflected by the object, an improved signal processing circuit for compensating for attenuation effects caused by ultrasound absorption, diffraction, reflection and scattering. Compensation for these image-degrading effects assures simple, reliable and repeatable equipment performance, and contributes to reliable detection of very weak echoes.

Abstract: A cigarette testing device has a drum which carries the cigarettes during testing, and a belt which extends around part of the drum and has integrally moulded portions at regular intervals cooperating with parts of the drum to form seals around the cigarettes during testing.This application is a division of application Ser. No. 466,839, filed May 3, 1974, now U.S. Pat No. 3,943,752, issued Mar. 16, 1976.

Abstract: A consistometer continuously measures the consistency of a stream of material flowing through it. The consistometer includes a resilient member located in the stream of material and a reference member located outside of the stream of material and both members rotate synchronously. Sensors spatially related to the rotating members provide corresponding signals. A circuit connected to the reference member sensor provides reference member pulses in accordance with the reference member sensor sensing the passage of the reference member and a second circuit connected to the resilient member sensor provides resilient member pulses in accordance with the resilient member sensor sensing passage of the resilient member. A network provides an output corresponding to the consistency of the material in accordance with the reference member pulses and the resilient member pulses.

Abstract: An apparatus incorporating an electrobalance mechanism to measure the dynamic swing weight of a sporting implement.

Abstract: A device for the non-destructive testing of rolled steel plate and the like for the presence of internal flaws or defects such as non-metallic inclusions, inhomogeneities and the like, comprising a carriage adapted to be traversed in relation to the surface of the plate to be tested and parallel thereto, said carriage having attached thereto, through the medium of connecting links, at least one ultrasonic test head including an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver supported by a test head holder and adapted to be tilted about two mutually perpendicular tilting axes extending substantially parallel to the surface of the plate to be tested, said connecting links being adapted to raise and lower said test head holders individually and comprising for each test head holder both an elevating cylinder and separate guide means adapted positively to guide said test head holder in a direction extending at right angles to the raising and lowering direction, said elevating cylinder and said guide means being

Abstract: A probe to measure the modulus of terrain deformability comprising a means for the induction of pressure into a hollow chamber which is to be buried below ground level, said hollow chamber having flexible metal membranes in portions of its wall. The pressure equalization being measured by movement of the metal membranes which generate a change in electrical impetus between membranes and electrical connectors therewith.

Abstract: A method of measuring surface roughness of an object indirectly according to a tracer method by forming two different kinds of replicas. The first replica is made of a flexible material which can be easily stripped off from either the object surface or from the surface of the second replica. The second replica is made of a material with high hardness so that it will not suffer from any scratch or flaw from the tracer even when it hits the replica. Surface configuration of the object to be measured is transferred to the first replica and the surface configuration of the first replica is then transferred to the second replica, and surface roughness of this second replica is measured with a tracer.

Abstract: The air flow rate meter in the induction tube of an internal combustion engine is a pivoting sector which has axial valve elements which cooperate with similar elements in the pivotal shaft to provide fuel metering in proportion to the excursion of the air flow rate meter due to the air flow. Parasitic leakage flow of air past the side walls of the pivoting sector is reduced by providing surface features, such as raised strips or fences, bored depressions, indentations and the like which cooperate with the induction tube wall which may have similar features to induce flow impedance and prevent unwanted air flow past the meter.

Abstract: In a combustion engine, such as a diesel engine, the periodic displacement of an engine component member having a cyclic function directly related to the piston stroke of an engine cylinder, is detected by a proximity sensor disposed adjacent to an area through which the component member is periodically displaced, the sensor providing a series of cylinder identification (CID) signal pulses having a peak amplitude in dependence on the spatial distance between the sensor and the member at that position in its displacement cycle at which it is in close proximity to the sensor, and having a period in dependence on the periodicity of the member displacement cycle, the occurrence of each CID signal pulse being directly related to, and representative of the piston stroke through a reference piston position.

Abstract: Mass and force meter with a frame, a load-support and a measuring system, wherein the mass or force to be measured acts indirectly on the tension of two transversally vibrating, pre-loaded strings excited by electronic means, so that the resultant frequency changes serve for calculating the magnitude of said mass or force in a computing device, both strings, a first transmission element for the transmission of a pre-loading force and a second transmission element for the transmission of a force depending on the load to be measured being fixed to a force distributor guided in a statically determined way relatively to the frame by means of the two strings and of at least one guide with respect to the pre-loading force and to the force depending on the load to be measured. The force distributor comprises three parts forming a triangle, both strings, the guide and both transmission elements being fastened to the corners of the force distributor.

Abstract: A dynamometer for measuring the tension in a pair of spaced, elongated members. The dynamometer includes a spring member having distal ends spaced from a medial portion, and a clamp means by which the distal ends are attachable to the elongated members to cause the elongated members to be moved in a biased manner towards one another. The distal ends of the spring member are therefore sprung apart in proportion to the tension of the elongated members.A sensor means is connected to sense the change in magnitude of the sprung relationship of the distal ends respective to the medial portion of the spring member. A chart drive unit is mounted respective to the dynamometer for recording the cyclic change in the magnitude of the sprung relationship of the distal ends.

Abstract: Directional permeability measurements are provided in a subterranean earth formation by injecting a high-pressure gas from a wellbore into the earth formation in various azimuthal directions with the direction having the largest pressure drop being indicative of the maximum permeability direction. These measurements are provided by employing an inflatable boot containing a plurality of conduits in registry with a like plurality of apertures penetrating the housing at circumferentially spaced-apart locations. These conduits are, in turn, coupled through a valved manifold to a source of pressurized gas so that the high-pressure gas may be selectively directed through any conduit into the earth formation defining the bore with the resulting difference in the pressure drop through the various conduits providing the permeability measurements.

Abstract: This invention provides an apparatus and method which will furnish to an operator drilling an oil well, critical information relative to drilling fluid conditions in portions of and/or in the total fluid circulation system; such information as fluid densities, both in-flow and out-flow, volume in each fluid pit and/or total volume in the entire system, together with a continuous indication of whether there have been gains or losses of drilling fluids. This invention obtains this information more accurately than present methods known to the art, and further with the added feature that no moving part or parts need come into physical contact with the drilling fluids.

Abstract: Wind conditions along the projected flight path of an aircraft are measured and displayed. Wind velocity and direction at the aircraft and at the projected touchdown or takeoff point of the aircraft are compared and the existence of a wind gradient or wind shear line along the flight path is predicted. The possible presence of a wind shear line and the velocity differential there across is used, in cooperation with altitude and airspeed information and the performance characteristics of the aircraft, to determine whether the planned maneuver may be successfully completed under the instantaneously existing wind conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for measuring instantaneous rate of flow and total flow of a fluid. The data are obtained by measuring the quantity of energy necessary to replace an equivalent amount of heat dissipated from a temperature-sensitive transducer disposed in the path of the fluid flow. An error signal, resulting from a transducer impedence change due to a differential temperature, induced by fluid flow, is placed in digital form and fed back to the transducer in a closed feedback loop configuration. The feedback signal is in the form of discrete power pluses. The number of such pulses is proportional to the heat removed from the transducer by the flow and thus is proportional to the fluid flow rate. The output pulses are counted and displayed in associated digital equipment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for obtaining a very accurate mass flow rate for a fluid flowing in a conduit in accordance with the principles of King's Law. A single temperature sensitive resistive element is disposed within the fluid flow path. The temperature sensitive resistive element constitutes one leg of a resistor bridge across which the inputs of a differential amplifier are disposed. The output of the differential amplifier is employed as a feedback current source to the bridge in order to maintain the temperature sensitive resistive element at a constant temperature in the self-heating mode. Another leg of the bridge is rapidly switched back and forth before two different resistances such that the temperature sensitive resistive element correspondingly alternates between two different "constant" temperatures.

Abstract: A rate of fluid flow measuring device utilizing a pair of helical Bourdon tubes to generate output signals, from two linear variable differential transformers, which are functions of fluid pressure and flow velocity. A thermocouple generates an output signal which is a function of the temperature of the fluid if a compressible fluid is to be measured. These pressure and temperature output signals are applied to computation means, programmed to solve a modified flow equation, as the variables in the equation, thereby generating an output signal which is a function of flow rate. The helical Bourdon tubes have inlet pressures applied to both ends thereof and are sealed at their centers, the seals being connected to the cores of the linear variable differential transformers to control the transformer output in accordance with the pressure drops across the seals.

Abstract: A valving member is carried within the bore of a meter body having inlet and outlet ports. Chambers are formed within the bore on opposite sides of a piston slideably disposed about the valving member. In response to movement of the piston, valving member shifts axially within the bore to establish sequential periodic communication between alternate chambers and the inlet and outlet ports. After each shift, the valving member is latched by magnetic means.

Abstract: A level indicator for containers is disclosed that is adapted for use in granulate storage tanks and has a laterally collapsable sleeve disposed vertically within the tank for progressive embedment in the granulate as the tank is filled. The indicator also has a flexible, longitudinally contractile member freely hung inside, and coextensive with, the sleeve. A releasable means supports the contractile member within the sleeve and as granulate flows around and collapses the sleeve against the contractile member there is provided a sensing means adapted to support the free portion of the member upon operation of the releasable means. A scale means is associated with the sensing means to record the volume of granulate in the tank.

Abstract: A surface thermocouple assembly including a metal sheath having thermocouple conductors extending therethrough in spaced relation from each other and from the sheath by electrical insulating material, an opening in the sheath wall at the hot junction end and through which the conductors are extended, a ceramic plug receiving the conductors and mounted in the opening, a fusion weld of the conductors outside the plug, and a V-shaped pad with a knife-shaped edge integrally formed at the junction end. The thermocouple is made from a length of sheathed thermocouple conductors by forming a keyhole slot at the junction end, removing the insulation around the conductors, bending the conductors through the opening of the keyhole slot, mounting a ceramic plug in place, fusion welding the ends of the conductors outside the plug to define the thermojunction, inserting a metal end plug at the junction end, welding closed the slot and the end plug in position, and building up a V-shaped welded pad at the hot junction end.

Abstract: A fluid pressure transducer includes a hollow body divided into first and second compartments which are sealed from one another, the first compartment being connected, in use, to a first source of fluid at a pressure to be monitored, while the second compartment is connected to a reference source. The compartments include a common wall which is deformable in response to variations in the pressure of the first fluid source as compared to that of the reference source, and received within the body are a carrier and a first abutment member which are capable of relative movement towards and away from one another in resonse to deformation of the common wall. A plurality of further abutment members are resiliently supported by the carrier and arranged so as to become engaged with or disengaged from respective portions of the first abutment member at different positions of the first abutment member relative to the carrier.

Abstract: A vacuum loop sample injection system, for use with gas chromatographs and other similar analyzer devices, in which the sample volume is collected within an enclosure having a known pressure, temperature, and volume so that the molecular quantity of a sample is used for each chromatograph test. The sample injection system operates by creating a vacuum within this enclosure and using this vacuum to slowly draw the sample in through a restriction unt predetermined pressure is obtained. The enclosure can be evacuated again by the vacuum source and refilled with the sample as many times as desired to wash any impurities out of the enclosure. Then the enclosure is placed in stream with the carrier gas for injection of the sample into the sample analyzer.

Abstract: A plurality of measuring spoons, for measuring liquid or dry materials, each having a bowl and an integral elongated handle. The bowls vary in capacity from each other. The handles of the spoons are releasably affixed to a spoon holding ring by a slot at the end of the handle. Each slot has an arcuate section so that a tubular spoon holding ring can be snapped into the slot due to flecture of the spoon handle portions defining the slot. The slots permit the spoons to be individually pivoted on the spoon holder ring, or individual spoons can be removed from the spoon holder ring. The spoons nest together to form a compact unit. The spoon holder ring is designed to permit the entire assembly to be hung up in the kitchen in a convenient location. Each spoon is clearly marked with an indication as to its bowl capacity. Several of the spoons have a measuring ledge within the bowl and these spoons can be used to measure two different capacities depending on whether the spoon is filled to the ledge or to the top.

Abstract: An accelerometer employing a magnetic fluid bearing which permits movement f a magnetic cylinder along a designated sensitive axis. The device is used to measure acceleration in such applications as inertial platform leveling, thrust termination, and inertial reference triads. The position of the magnetic cylinder (proof mass) is measured by a capacitance bridge network. The output of this capacitance network is a voltage which is proportional in direction and magnitude to the applied acceleration. This voltage will be amplified by an operational amplifier.

Abstract: Miniaturized precision speed gyroscope having high stability in time and as the temperature varies and suitable to withstand impacts. Such a gyroscope comprises a motor, the connections of which to the motor windings are provided with connectors, the bushings of which are within the shaft and the pins of which are in the set screws of the shaft. The differential transformer of the gyroscope has only one coil for each of the poles, is provided with a damping device with four crossing plates overlying four holes for adjusting the aperture thereof. The gyroscope contains a silicone liquid, in which three air bells enclosed within three resilient silver caps are immersed.

Abstract: In arrangement of a channel selecting device used for a UHF tuner of the continuously variable type, a taper clutch is employed for transmitting the rotation of the detented selector shaft to the output drive gear which is secured to the fine tuning shaft positioned inside the selector shaft. The taper clutch is formed by engagement of the annular inner surface of a hollow portion in the end of the selector shaft and the annular outer surface of a hub member of the fine tuning shaft, each of surfaces has a taper angle (2.theta.) in the range of about 20.degree. to 9.degree. to frictionally couple the selector shaft and the drive gear, and is coated with a layer of lubricant materials to permit the rotation of the fine tuning shaft independent of the selector shaft. This taper clutch provides stable and smooth operation in the extended temperature range and without any undesired creep between the selector shaft and the fine tuning shaft.

Abstract: A frequency selector comprising a first control member for frequency preselection changing and a second control member for changing the preselection frequency. The control members are coupled such that unintended changing of the preselection frequency by touching the second control member is prevented.

Abstract: This device consists primarily of an adjustable leg supported gear box, to which is hinged, a base plate to which is secured an electric motor, which will drive the input shaft of the gear box, the output shaft of the gear box being secured to clutch means, the sleeve of which will connect with a silo unloader, so as to provide heavy duty means of operating the silo unloader.

Abstract: A hydrostatic bearing lubrication system for a swash plate compressor or engine in which the compressor or engine has at least one reciprocating piston assembly mounted in a cylinder and connected to and reciprocating with a stator in which a rotating and oscillating rotor is mounted. At least one hydrostatic bearing shoe is mounted within the stator in a bearing relationship with the side of the rotor subject to the highest loads in the operation of the compressor or engine.In such a compressor or engine the invention comprises means for continuously varying the pressure of the lubricating fluid delivered to the bearing shoe directly with the load on the bearing shoe. That means comprises a closed cylinder with a free piston carried therein. One end of the closed cylinder on one side of the free piston is interposed in the lubricating fluid pressure line from a constant pressure lubricating fluid pump to the bearing shoe.

Abstract: A planetary drive system especially useful in the transmission of high torques is disclosed. An internal ring gear is fixed to a base on which a rotator is mounted. A plurality of planet gears mounted on the rotator engage the ring gear. A driven sun gear imparts translational motion to the planet gears relative to the fixed ring gear, thereby driving the rotator. The planet gears and sun gear are mounted to permit radial movement with respect to the ring gear so that the sun gear and planet gears are self-centering, and lack of perfect roundness of the ring gear can be accommodated.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a leverage including at least two parallel arms pivotally mounted at their central portions, having one pair of the ends threof spread by the end piece of a driving rod and actuated, for instance, by a solenoid. The opposite pair of ends of the arms is operatively connected with a driven rod by means of wedge type engagement. Rollers are interposed between the contact surfaces of the arms and the respective rods. The mechanism cuts down the amount of energy required for transmitting a command, offers fast action and reliability.

Abstract: A variable pulley system incorporating driver and driven pulleys in which a flange of the driver pulley has a rim to receive the belt or the like connecting the pulleys in the final drive ratio of the pulleys.

Abstract: A drive assembly for use with mining apparatus such as conveyors or coal ploughs includes a chain tensioning device which is incorporated in the housing of a resilient coupling device which forms part of the transmission from a drive motor to the mining apparatus.

Abstract: A sprocket, gear or pulley having an interchangeable peripheral portion for replacement. The device has a hub with an axial boss, an annular member having teeth or a groove along its outer rim and located concentrically on the boss, and a cap to hold the annular member immovable on the boss. The annular member may be segmented. The inner rim of the annular member and the boss may be threaded or splined for interengagement.

Abstract: An elongated chain master link is provided including a removable side link of substantially conventional construction but provided with a transverse opening intermediate the opposite end transverse bores formed therethrough adapted to receive groove master link pin ends therethrough. A retaining clip of elongated panel-like construction is also provided and constructed of spring material such as spring steel. The clip includes opposite end transverse openings formed therethrough and one of the end openings includes communicated large and small width portions while the other opening includes communicated greater and lesser width portions.

Abstract: A compound pinion for an epicyclic gearbox has a tubular shaft, two pinion portions freely rotatable on this shaft and a torsion bar interconnecting the pinion portions. In the gearbox the torsion bars of the several pinions can "wind up" to ensure that the load is evenly shared by the pinions.

Abstract: A brake pedal assembly including a pivotally supported base member carrying an arcuate shank having a radius of curvature equal to the radius of the arm of the pedal. The shank is removably fastened to the base member and a pedal pad is removably fastened to the arcuate portion of the shank for easy assembly of the brake pedal on the tractor.

Abstract: A suspension type portable wheel-balancer for "do-it-yourself" automobile owners includes a vertical hollow shaft with a plate member threadedly adjustable at a given horizontal level on the shaft. A suspending wire is actually secured in the interior of the shaft and extends out the top where it may be suspended from any appropriate fixture. The plate member includes three cam members equally radially spaced from the axis of the shaft serving to engage the inner periphery of the hub opening of the automobile owner's wheel to position the wheel in exact coaxial alignment with the axis of the hollow shaft and suspending wire. Each cam member is eccentrically rotatably mounted so that the radial distance of the radially most distant points of the cam members can be adjusted and locked in place to correspond to the specific radius of the hub opening of the automobile owner's wheels.

Abstract: An angle or wedge adjuster for reclining furniture is provided with a slide that travels along a rack and which is formed with a cam surface for controlling the position of a strut that engages the rack teeth and is pivoted to a lever, the angle of which is to be adjusted. The movement of the slide is frictionally impeded by a spring-loaded insert located between the slide and a smooth surface of the rack, one of these two sliding surfaces being formed on synthetic plastics material. The spring may be a metal leaf spring bowed downwards to engage a portion of the slide and having its ends sprung against projections that also retain the insert in the slide. Alternatively, this spring may be of synthetic plastics material with its ends made in one piece with the insert of the same material. Conversely, the spring may be bowed upwards with its center integral with the insert.

Abstract: In the controls of a work vehicle having first and second shafts each movable between first and second positions along pathways generally parallel one to the other, a knob is eccentrically connected to each shaft with the largest overhanging position of each knob being controllably movable to preselected positions about the center line of the shaft for positioning the knobs to accommodate the size of the operator's hand.

Abstract: A mass-imbalance oscillation generator comprises a trough in which a rolling element, such as a cylindrical roller or ball, is permitted to move between one side and another between two stable positions in response to centrifugal force generated by rotation of the shaft carrying the trough. The rolling mass can assume either of two stable positions depending upon the speed of the shaft, one of the positions corresponding to a higher potential energy of the mass than the other position to enable shifting movement of the mass.

Abstract: A pneumatic power tool having a torque sensing control system is disclosed which is capable of consistently applying a precise torque to a fastener so that uniform tightening of any number of fasteners can be obtained. A torsional strain responsive transducer is mounted internally in the tool body and includes a strain gauge network mounted on a torsionally resilient portion of one of the gear cases of the drive train of the tool, the gear case being subject to a reaction component of the torque being transmitted through the drive train. The strain gauge network provides a control signal which effects energization of a solenoid-actuated air shut-off valve in the handle of the tool to automatically terminate the operation of the tool when a predetermined torque is obtained at the output spindle. The control system permits adjustment of the torque output of the tool and provides a visual readout of such output.

Abstract: An overdrive mechanism disposed between a torque converter and change gear mechanism of an automatic transmission and responsive to the change gear mechanism. An input shaft to the change gear mechanism consists of two sections that are coupled by a clutch during normal power transmission. The driving section of the input shaft is connected to the turbine runner of the torque converter. A planetary gear train has a carrier operatively responsive to the pump impeller of the torque converter and a sun gear controlled by an overdrive brake. When the brake locks the sun gear against rotation during overdrive, the ring gear of the planetary gear train is rotated by the pump impeller and drives the second section of the input shaft through the clutch. The clutch is disengaged from the driving section of the input shaft during overdrive, thus by-passing power transmission from the turbine runner of the torque converter to the changer gear mechanism.

Abstract: A differential having a mechanical differential lock for use in a motor vehicle. The lock includes a plurality of pins carried on a clutch collar for sliding through openings in the differential housing to selectively engage peripheral grooves on one of the side gears of the differential to lock the differential for synchronous rotation of the side gears of the differential.

Abstract: A speed change gear system for industrial vehicles, includes a first planetary gear set having a first sun gear, a plurality of first planetary gears engaged with the first sun gear, a first ring gear interengaged with the first planetary gears, and a first carrier rotatably supporting the first planetary gears and connected with an input shaft, a second planetary gear set having a second sun gear connected with the first ring gear, a plurality of second planetary gears engaged with the second sun gear, a second ring gear interengaged with the second planetary gears and connected with the first sun gear, and a second carrier rotatably supporting the second planetary gears and connected with an output gear member.

Abstract: A disengage mechanism for a gear drive including rotatable drive and driven members with one of the members having first splines. A drive actuator having second splines and being connected to rotate with one of the members and axially movable with respect thereto between first and second positions. In the first position the first and second splines are engaged and the drive and driven members are connected to rotate together and in the second position the splines are disengaged and the drive and driven members are disconnected. First means are provided for moving the drive actuator to the first position and second means move the actuator to the second position. The first means include a spring which constantly urges the drive actuator to the first position and the second means comprises a rotatable cam member which positively engages the drive actuator to move it to the second position.