Abstract: Reloading apparatus for a revolver is designed to interfit a cartridge storing can defining a post. The apparatus comprises:A. a clip in the form of a cup having a bottom wall and an open top, the cup adapted to be finger gripped,B. said bottom wall including resiliently deformable structure defining a plurality of recesses arranged in a circle, each recess sized to receive the butt-end of a revolver cartridge with said structure releasably retaining said butt-ends,C. there being first connector means carried by the bottom wall to axially receive and rotatably and releasably interfit second connector means carried by said post, whereby the cup may be rotatably and releasably attached to the can with the cartridges stored in the can.

Abstract: An ice fishing trap has a support dimensioned to span a hole in the ice and provided with a reel. A rod has a flag at one end, a line holder at the other end and a weight slidable on that end between a transverse pivotal connection with the support and the line holder. When the trap is set, the weight is remote from the line holder and is overbalanced by the flag end of the rod but when the baited hook is taken by a fish, the rod tilts causing the weight to slide ensuring that the flag end is raised with the line free.

Abstract: The assembly has a body with a tubular chamber containing an anchoring element in the form of a spring wire having a looped central portion and a pair of diverging arms, each of which has an apex portion snugly resting against the wall of the chamber. Two or more fishhooks are connected by means of loops to the looped central portion. The shanks of the fishhooks pass through openings in a plug sealing off the back end of the chamber and also through slots in the back end of the tubular body. When a bait is taken the anchoring element is pulled and as a consequence, slides toward the back end of the chamber. As the shanks of the fishhooks are progressively pulled out of the body they are caused to spread apart by the plug. The barbs are thus caused to penetrate opposite sides of the mouth of the fish.

Abstract: A temperature responsive fishing device adapted to be secured to a line so that it may be pulled forwardly through water and change its depth in response to a change in the ambient temperature of the surrounding water includes a hydroplane, a weight movably disposed within a housing to change the longitudinal position of the center of gravity of the device substantially when moved, thermal control elements responsive to ambient temperature positioned near the forward and rearward end of said housing to retain the weight at their respective housing ends whenever ambient temperature is within a predetermined range, and means for effecting movement of the weight. When the weight is retained at the forward end of the housing, the hydroplane is tilted forwardly thereby causing oncoming water to react on the hydroplane to force the device to descend.

Abstract: A toy bank device as disclosed for receiving and depositing coins comprising a base member adapted for location on a substantially horizontal surface and including base member mounting means. The base member has a base member orifice for receiving and storing coins within the base member. A support member has securing means which is cooperable with the base member mounting means for establishing the support to extend from the base member. A coin insertion member mounted relative to the support member is adapted to receive and mechanically insert the coin into the base member orifice. The coin insertion member may be movably mounted for inserting the coin into the base member orifice upon movement of the coin insertion member. Each of the aforementioned members may be a die cut portion of a paper material with each of the members having tab means and slit means for enabling assembly of the members into a substantially rigid structure through cooperation of the tab means and the slit means.

Abstract: The truncated icosahedral blocks are designed to meet one another along their truncation surfaces and thereby imitate an icosahedron's unique ability for three-dimensional intersection with another icosahedron, so that a line segment that defines the base of a pentangular pyramid on one icosahedron also defines the base of a pentangular pyramid on the other icosahedron.

Abstract: A parachute toy has flexible shrouds molded of a single piece of resin material connecting the shrouds together at their lower ends where they are attached to a body. The upper ends of the shrouds are freely separable and are formed with headed snap fasteners for quick manual connection or disconnection with grommets in the canopy. A simulated harness is preferably molded integrally with the shrouds for releasable attachment to a body.

Abstract: A synthetic casing for mushroom beds in order to grow mushrooms is provided by a formulation consisting of a water absorptive material such as shredded newspaper, powdered activated carbon, water, limestone and gypsum.

Abstract: This specification discloses a process for the production of petroleum from a petroleum-containing subterranean reservoir employing an aqueous driving fluid containing, as a thickening agent, a biopolymer. The biopolymer is an extracellular heteropolysaccharide synthesized by an alga. A particular bipolymer is one synthesized by the alga Porphyridium aerugineum. The biopolymer may be employed in the aqueous driving fluid as an in-vivo solution or in a reconstituted form. There is also disclosed a process for the growth of, and synthesis of, biopolymer by an alga such as Porphyridium aerugineum.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of C.sub.3 halogenated hydrocarbons alone or in combination with other agronomic adjuvants such as nemiticides, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides for treating agronomic seeds, and mixtures of agronomic seeds with weed seeds to retard weed growth and/or stimulate growth of the agronomic seeds. The method of the invention is particularly useful for treating mixtures of cotton seeds and cocklebur seeds to reduce cocklebur seed germination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a farm structure that may be utilized as either a curing and drying facility or as a plant growth facility. By making minor alterations the structure may be readily converted from a curing and drying facility to a greenhouse type plant growth facility, or vice versa. Thus, the structure becomes a multi-purpose farm structure that may be continuously and substantially utilized.Moreover, the present invention relates to a method and structure for utilizing available solar radiation in curing and drying tobacco. Generally, the tobacco curing and drying structure comprises an enclosure adapted to support bulk tobacco therein. A combination air blower and heating system is disposed in said curing and drying structure and operative to force air through the bulk tobacco therein, the heating system being capable of heating the forced air as necessary to maintain desired environmental conditions within said curing and drying structure.

Abstract: A system for growing a plant is provided in which an envelope defines a space in which the roots of the plant grow. Sheets of porous, flexible material which carry a number of nutrient packs are supported within the envelope. The sheets are partially submerged in a water reservoir and are constantly moistened by capillary action. The roots of the plant are physically supported by the sheets of flexible, absorbent material, and receive nutrients therefrom by absorbing nutrients which dissolve from the nutrient packs and pass through the moist film and into the root structure at a rate which increases with the rate of consumption of the nutrients by the plant.

Abstract: A door for a linen chute for a building such as a hotel or hospital, the door having a double baffle so to insure against fire going therethrough, the double baffle comprising two individually hinged door plates, one behind the other.

Abstract: This invention relates to a balance spring lock for tilt out windows in which the balance spring is positioned in the jamb channel and connected through a sash cord to a block member and to the frame. The sash cord is directed over a sheave and either through an aperture in the block or guided along the surface of the block to be clamped against the block or within the block upon rotation of a shaft member therein coupled through a pin to the sash. The clamping action takes place through an eccentric surface on the shaft member through a cam follower operated by the shaft member, or through a pivoted lever attached to the shaft member. All variations of the clamping action operate with rotation of the shaft member caused by tilt of the window.

Abstract: A composite sill assembly including a core covered by an extruded section of aluminum cladding and a cover plate of brass fastened to the outer surface of the cladding to improve the appearance of the assembly without appreciably increasing its cost. Opposing surfaces of the cover plate and cladding are isolated from each other to prevent corrosion through galvanic action and this may be accomplished by adhering the cover plate to the cladding with a double faced adhesive tape of foamed neoprene or other suitable material. In this construction the tape therefore serves the dual function of both securing the plate to the cladding and isolating the two members from each other to prevent galvanic reaction and corrosion.

Abstract: A glass plate edge beveling machine comprises a first chain conveyor mechanism provided with a supporting means, a second chain conveyor mechanism provided with a pressing means and a plurality of grinding means for beveling the lower end portion of a glass plate gripped between and transported by the supporting means and the pressing means, in which the supporting means comprises a plurality of unit members mounted on an endless chain and consisting of a base plate and a backing up plate, and on the surface of the backing up plate there is provided at least one projection raised toward the glass plate so that at least the lower portion of the glass plate is concavely curved.

Abstract: A diamond bonding process wherein a metallic workpiece is pre-etched and thereafter diamond is uniformly and densely bonded to the surface of said metallic workpiece in a nickel matrix. A novel second plating of nickel metal more securely bonds the diamonds to the workpiece.

Abstract: Building walls and ceilings, beam or column covers, hollow columns, column covers, soffits, ducts, duct covers and solid construction posts fabricated from V-grooved gypsum board construction members which are adhesively secured in the V-groove areas to form angular faces. Interior and exterior walls using such construction members in combination with panel clips provide structures which are readily disassembled and reusable while providing good sound and thermal insulation properties.

Abstract: A simulated exterior surface assembly for creating the appearance of brick, stone, or the like. A sheet of plastic material, preferably vinyl, is provided with a series of simulated brick face sections or the like, defined by lines of weakening, where such sections are separable one from another by ordinary flexing. The sheet is provided with a peel-away self-adhesive allowing the simulated sections to be readily adhered onto a suitable undersurface. An optional arrangement includes the use of a mortar colored vinyl self-adhering backing material which is first placed on the undersurface and thereafter the individual simulated sections are suitably disposed thereon.

Abstract: A flagpole assembly for automatically displaying and furling a flag. The assembly is formed of a first hollow vertical slotted pole mounted concentrically inside a second slotted hollow pole with both poles mounted to a base. A cable, mounted on pulleys extends inside the first pole with the flag fixed to the cable, and extending through the slot of the first pole, and when displayed, extending through the slot of the second pole. The second pole is rotatably mounted to the base. A motor unit serves to wind the cable pulleys and rotate the second pole for furling or unfurling the flag, with associated sensors and limit switches serving to furl the flag during periods of darkness and periods of rain.

Abstract: As a masonry or block wall is constructed, plates are placed through the wall between courses. Anchor assemblies are then secured to the ends of the plate and extend downwardly and outwardly at approximately 45.degree. from the vertical and are secured to anchors within the ground. Vertically extending plate portions depend from each end of the plates and engage the faces of the wall and support the wall until it can be braced by the installation of the roof assembly. At this time, the anchor assemblies can be removed and the plate driven outwardly from between the courses with the resultant apertures then being mortared in the usual way.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a stay anchor and a method for driving it into the soil. The stay anchor includes a pair of cutting members pivoted with each other through a pair of connecting plates and each comprising an arcuately curved resisting plate and a stabilizing plate extended from the inner major surface of the resisting plate at right angles thereto. A driving device is also provided for engagement with the upper end of the stabilizing plate to exert the driving impacts thereto. When driven, the pair of cutting members are driven into the soil along a curved path due to the curved resisting plates and opened or angularly spaced apart from each other with the curved resisting plates bearing against the undisturbed soil so that excellent holding power may be developed.

Abstract: A storm window structure in which the face of a building structure and the edges of the associated storm window sashes are provided with members which interact magnetically to hold the sashes in position against the casing. One member is permanently magnetic and the other is ferromagnetic. Preferably the former is supplied in the form of a profile having grooves into which the pane may be inserted and cemented.

Abstract: A hinged base attachable to a foundation and providing hinge means whereby a lighting pole can be tilted, and readily installed, removed and replaced. The base includes a pair of hinge plates, one of which carries a hinge pin and the other of which carries a hinge clevis. The hinge clevis has a channel with a first and a second channel width. The hinge pin has a first and a second pin width. The second widths are larger than the first widths and the first and second pin widths are no larger than the respective first and second channel widths. The pole is attachable to one of the hinge plates. When the other hinge plate is attached to the foundation, the pole can be tilted, and attached or detached thereto by passing the pin through the clevis channel with the first widths aligned. The pole is then tilted upright, and the first widths are no longer aligned. The clevis and pin are thus engaged, and the pole is firmly held to the foundation.

Abstract: A wire matrix for a construction panel has a plurality of parallel longitudinal trusses, each truss having a pair of parallel longitudinal wire runners and a plurality of transverse wire struts in which the struts associated with one truss are all parallel to each other and extend diagonally between the parallel runners, with the struts in alternate ones of the trusses being parallel and the struts in adjacent trusses being skewed. The trusses are formed by making a grid of parallel longitudinal runners joined by diagonal cross wires which are then cut between adjacent pairs of runners to form separate trusses. The trusses are then joined by transverse wire runners forming a three-dimensional matrix.

Abstract: Metal roofing shingles including triangular shaped gable and eave starting shingles and square or rectangular shaped shingles covering the main body of the roof, the shingles being laid in courses whereby their edges run at an angle from the gable ends and eave edges upwards towards the ridge of the roof and under a ridge cap. Each of the shingles is secured to the underlying roof structure by a roofing nail passing through the uppermost corner of the shingle. The lowermost edges of the shingles are interlocked over and under the uppermost edges of adjacent shingles and have their lowermost corners overlapping the uppermost roofing nail secured corner of adjacent shingles. The edges of the triangular shaped shingles adjacent to the gable ends and eave edges of the roof are folded under and inwards in locking engagement with folded protruding edges of gable and eave starter lengths of formed sheet material which have been secured to the gable end and eave edges of the underlying roof structure.

Abstract: A siding starter clip comprised of sheet metal material, including an upper extended nailing leg portion having a plurality of apertures therein for fastening to the side of a structure by securing nails therethrough, a medial projecting leg portion which extends from the upper nailing leg portion at an obtuse included angle therewith, a lower depending leg portion which extends from the medial projecting leg portion at an acute included angle therewith for engaging a siding starter panel, and gussets extending substantially the length thereof, installable in a convenient and efficient manner to provide strengthened support for, and adjustable interlocking engagement with, a siding starter panel.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a ceiling runner which has a generally U-shaped configuration. The runner has flanges to support ceiling boards. The side walls of the runner are formed with grooves which may be used to support the runner in position or define an isolated chamber within the body of the runner. The side walls of the runner have a second groove which is used for positioning ceiling boards on the flanges. Locking means are provided on the end and side of two adjacent ceiling runners to lock the ceiling runners together.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a ceiling runner which has a generally U-shaped configuration and a means for attaching a cross tee thereto. The runner has flanges to support ceiling boards. The side walls of the runner are formed with grooves which may be used to support the runner in position or define an isolated chamber within the body of the runner. The side walls of the runner have a second groove which is used for positioning ceiling boards on the flanges. A fastening means is provided to connect the end of a cross tee runner to the side of the U-shaped runner.

Abstract: This invention provides an apparatus and process for making a unitary package which comprises a load that has a band formed of plural layers of a stretched material wrapped around it.The apparatus comprises a frame with a rotatable drive shaft driven by a drive mechanism, an arm secured to the drive shaft and a roll holding shaft rotatably mounted to the arm. A sensor device measures the thickness of a material roll placed on the roll holding shaft to control an electromagnetic brake mechanism mounted on the roll holding shaft to variably engage the roll holding shaft thus maintaining a constant tension on the film unwrapped from the roll.The steps of the process are placing a load on a support; locating a rolled-up sheet of a stretchable material on dispenser roll adjacent to the support; withdrawing a leading edge of the material from the dispenser roll and holding the leading edge of the material against the load.

Abstract: A pallet sized unitary load is formed of a plurality of full height separately and tightly bound stacks of containers. Each bound stack of containers is suitable for handling by itself, as a unit, by, for example, a two-wheeled hand-truck. The bound stacks are tightly strapped or wrapped and bound together to form a stable pallet sized load. Each bound stack is formed of a number of layers of containers of product with groups of one or more layers preferably being grouped together in units about the size of ordinary shipping cases and placed in a tray. This allows a stack after it has been unwrapped to serve as a display unit, with product visible above, and in the case of clear trays through, the tray wall and also allows the approximately case sized tray loads to be handled separately.

Abstract: Moisture impervious packaging systems for retaining articles include a container body and a closure lid hingedly connected thereto. The container body includes a bottom wall and upwardly extending peripheral walls ending in an upper surface that defines an access opening into an interior compartment in which the articles are retained. The lid includes a peripheral frame member providing the side margins of the lid, and a separate moisture impervious sheet adhered to the frame member for providing the top wall of the lid. The moisture impervious sheet constituting the top wall of the lid preferably is also adhered to the upper surface of the container body for providing a primary moisture impervious seal for the interior compartment of the container body.

Abstract: A method for fabricating fiber-filled articles in which a single emanating column of continuous synthetic crimped tow is produced, cut and utilized to form the article without conventional processing and treatment. The invention includes the method for fabricating these articles as well as an apparatus for forming fiber-filled articles in which columnar bundles of continuous crimped tow are either wrapped in fabric sleeve tubes or are used independently of sleeves. The continuous crimped tow of synthetic fibers is used as a filler directly as it emanates from the tow processing equipment, without the need for layering, spraying, or pre-cutting between an article's outer material layers. The "modular" independent columns of restrained tow are attached in combination to form filber-filled products such as quilts, c;omforters, and sleeping bags imparting to the apparatus and process the advantages of high production fabrication.

Abstract: A buffer store for filled and empty cigarette containers is provided betwen a cigarette making machine either of the machines may be kept running if the other stops. In one example the buffer store consists of separate cigarette loading and unloading stations between which the cigarette containers are carried in trolleys. In a further example, the loading and unloading stations are combined into a single unit which is adapted to either load or unload containers, depending on the operating conditions of the machines, the containers again being carried in trolleys.

Abstract: This invention is a heatseal die which is intended to replace one die of a pair of heatseal dies normally employed in a packaging machine. The die of the invention differs from the die normally employed in that the lower portion of the die face, which forms the heatseal at the top of the package, has ribs which are horizontal instead of vertical. Being horizontal, the ribs intersect the vertical ribs of an opposing die, instread of meshing with them as the ribs of the die normally employed do. The pattern of point seals formed where the ribs intersect forms a good gastight seal but reduces the force required to break the seal, thereby permitting the package to be opened more easily.

Abstract: A container control mechanism for use in certain types of package forming machines which produce packages of a plurality of containers. The certain package forming machines are those where three or more rows of containers are continuously delivered through the machine, and in which the machine applies a strip of carrier stock circumferentially about the upper end of each of the containers. The containers in rank and file with the applied carrier stock are delivered to a cutting mechanism adjacent the output end of the machine where the stock is severed between certain predetermined ranks to form individual packages of a predetermined plurality of ranks of the containers.

Abstract: An apparatus for reliably folding the protruding end flaps of an article filled package against the body of the package and for then securing the end flaps to the package. The apparatus includes a package gripping feed conveyor optionally having a reject mechanism therein. The gripping conveyor receives a line of packages from a wrapping machine and feeds these into pusher flights of a transverse conveying system. The reject mechanism can be manually or automatically actuated and de-actuated to reject defective product and/or packages. The feed conveyor maintains control of the non-rejected packages only until the forward end of each of the packages moves against or near an abutment in a transfer section which urges the forward flaps downwardly as the packages are moved upwardly and transversly out of the transfer section over a plate by the then arcuately moving pushers of a transverse flap folding conveyor which subsequently folds and seals both end flaps against the body of the associated packages.

Abstract: Case sealer apparatus for sealing filled cases that have their top flaps extending vertically and that includes flight bars on endless chains for first moving the filled case over frusto conical rolls to slightly open the bottom major flaps and permit the package plate to enter between the major and minor bottom flaps. A guide plate and a flap tucker assembly are provided above the package plate to close the leading and trailing top minor flaps respectively as the case moves forwardly. Glue guns then apply adhesive to the upper minor and lower major flaps. Thereafter as the case moves along the slide plate, the major flaps move into contact with closure members to close the major flaps, and then the flight bars move the case through a compression roller assembly. The package plate includes a hingedly mounted entry portion that is resiliently retained in an entry position while the drive mechanism for the chains includes adjustable stop mechanism to discontinue the chain drive to provide overload protection.

Abstract: A machine for winding up rolls of piles of a sheet material or of bags made of plastics, comprising at least a plane on which piles of sheets are successively collected, at least a frame supporting a revolving body on which a pliers unit is mounted adapted to grip each sheet pile and to cause its rotation under the control of a motor so as to form a sheet roll, said frame being slidably mounted on a transverse guiding means and being actuated by a cylinder-piston unit designed to adjust the position of the frame carrying the pliers with regard of the sheet pile; a device being further provided for causing the controlled starting and stopping of said revolving body in a preestablished position, said device comprising a lever pivotally mounted about a pin and actuated by a cylinder-piston unit so as to let the free end of said lever to be engaged into a notch provided on the peripheral surface of the revolving body.

Abstract: There is provided a method of and apparatus for packing rod-shaped articles, especially cigarettes. A rotatable turret is used, into which blanks are introduced into pockets of the turret, with partial folding of the blanks, whereafter groups of articles are axially introduced into the blanks in pockets, the article groups being introduced alternately from opposite sides of the turret. There is also provided an apparatus whereby article groups can be ejected alternately on both sides of a magazine and also an apparatus wherein, to form article groups from three article rows or layers, the middle row containing fewer cigarettes than the top and bottom rows, a lateral chute wall of the magazine terminates above the region of the cigarette groups to be ejected, merely articles of the top and bottom rows being ejectable in this region via a recess in the entraining member associated with the lateral chute, such recess being at the height of the middle cigarette row.

Abstract: An in-line inserter device comprises envelope and insert feeding assemblies, a stuffing-station assembly and a sealing and stacking assembly. The envelope feeding assembly withdraws envelopes from a hopper-held envelope stack and conveys them along an involute path toward the stuffing station. The insert feeding assembly comprises a plurality of hopper-held insert stacks which are positioned in line with an insert conveyor. The insert conveyor carries dispensed inserts from the hopper-held insert stacks to the stuffing station. The stuffing station assembly coordinates operation of the insert and envelope feeding assemblies in a special way to efficiently accomplish the stuffing of the inserts into the envelopes. Subsequent to such stuffing, filled envelopes are conveyed from the stuffing station, sealed, and stacked by the sealing and stacking assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically sealing random sized cartons which includes a mechanism for automatically infolding the top flaps prior to the application of the adhesive material.

Abstract: A safety guard assembly for a rotary-type cutter such as the cutting blade of a rotary lawn mower. The safety guard assembly is in the form of a cage made of a plurality of parallelly disposed non-cutting individual guard members surrounding the cutting blade about its cutting edge and disposed along cylindrical surfaces perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the blade. The guard members project beyond the tip of the cutting edge and below the blade and have a gently curvilinear edge surface for deflecting solid objects in the path of the cutting edge or for permitting the blade to ride over solid objects, such as to minimize projection of stones and the like, and to deflect and minimize damages or injury to a hand or a finger accidentally placed in the path of the cutter blade. Preferably, the safety guard assembly is supported by a mounting plate removably fastened on the bottom of the cutter blade.

Abstract: A traveller for ring spinning and twisting is provided comprising a high modulus/low friction resin blended with a fibrous whisker material. A lubricant is usually added to the composition. The resulting traveller is characterized by a wear-life hitherto unavailable that is, a wear-life six to eight times greater than that of conventional travellers.

Abstract: A fail-safe locking device for reel support systems is described which is suitable for use with reels such as those used with wire stranders and similar machines. In the embodiments described, a pintle supporting shaft member is normally biased by a spring to an extended position. A safety plunger is provided which has a stepped exterior surface so as to define a recess or step. The safety plunger is normally biased by a spring to a disabling position to urge a blocking member, such as a hardened steel ball or sphere, into the path of movement of an abutment surface of the shaft member to automatically and positively lock the shaft member and the pintle. In the locked condition, the plunger member and, therefore, the pintle, cannot accidentally release the reel.

Abstract: An alarm device of a clock has an alarm time detection mechanism coacting with the time wheels of the clock for detecting a preset alarm time and sound an audible alarm. The audible alarm is terminated in response to manual depression of a call time setter pin and with each depression of the pin, the alarm time detection mechanism is reset to detect a new alarm time so that the new alarm time is determined by the number of times the pin is depressed. A time indicating mechanism indicates the preset alarm time and is automatically adjusted to display the new alarm time dependent upon the number of depressions of the call time setter pin.

Abstract: An electronic timepiece comprising a means for generating a base signal, an electromechanical transducer to convert the base signal into mechanical motion of a rotatable shaft, only a back side chain of wheels and a driving means whereby the back side chain of wheels is directly driven by the rotatable shaft. Furthermore, the driving means is coupled to the rotatable shaft such that idling rotation of the driving means occurs without rotation of the rotatable shaft when the timepiece is being set externally.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical chess clock comprising a pair of time measuring circuits each having a digital time display device. The time measuring circuits are driven by a common pulse source which may alternately be connected to the time measuring circuits by means of a switching circuit being operated by the players. The digits of the time display device which normally indicates minutes may in certain periods of time, for example during the last minute of each hour, be shifted to indicate seconds. It is then sufficient that each time display device contains three digits.

Abstract: A heavy duty shackle for use under great loads, such as in anchor lines. The shackle is formed from a cylindrical bar rod by shaping the ends to a reduced diameter, and forging the central portion into a flattened shape having the cross-section of a wide shallow U shape. The bottom surface of the central section is in the form of a portion of a circular cylinder. The ends of the bar are flattened and a central opening is forged and based for a pin. The formed bar is then bent in the form of a bow to provide an eye for the shackle, with two parallel ears spaced a selected distance apart.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal and recovery of volatile or evaporable substances from materials containing them. In other embodiments, the invention is readily applicable for the simultaneous incineration and concentration of such materials, particularly spent water-diluted effluents from industries and municipalities as well as for the generation of electric power from various thermal fuels, particularly power gas produced from coal or oil. In further embodiments, the reclamation of oil, from oil sands and shales, is effected as well as the cyclic pulping of cellulosic materials with cyclic recovery of heat and chemicals.