Abstract: The combination drug administration device and alarm system is adapted to be connected to a source of intravenous liquid and to a patient. A container is provided having a inlet and an outlet. A piston is slidably mounted in the container for movement between extended and retracted positions. A stem is secured to the piston and has a portion thereof remaining out of the container during movement between the extended and retracted positions. A switch is provided and is mounted on the stem exterior of the container so that the switch means can be slidably positioned on the stem and will be retained on the stem in an adjusted predetermined position thereon but which will not impede movement of the piston and the stem in the container.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in hospitals and the like for administering to a patient medicated liquid solutions, or blood. The improvement comprises an improved control valve for regulating and filtering the fluid flow of said solutions into the body. The liquid control valve is of a vernier control type with a selective adjustment to the prescribed rate of fluid flow with limit stops for positive shut-off, and full by-pass. The valve is positioned on the patient adjacent the point of entry of the fluid into the body. The apparatus -- adaptable to the commercial infusion administration single use disposable kits -- comprises a tapered fluid control spool, having a series of longitudinal grooves. With the spool resiliently snapped into and positioned in a housing the grooves are graduated openings that traverse the fluid supply port. The length, depth, shape and spacing of the grooves together with geometric shape of the supply port provides a variable resistance to the fluid flow to provide an exact program of flow.

Abstract: Needle restraining apparatus is provided which serves to prevent a stylet needle of a venipuncture device which fits telescopically within a catheter of the venipuncture device from longitudinally moving with respect to the catheter during venipuncture. In one embodiment, the needle restraining apparatus provides a collar constructed of heat-shrinkable plastic releasably conforming to a needle hub and the hub of a tube adaptor of the venipuncture device. The collar is shrunk so that the leading and trailing ends of the collar form a non-slip fit over the irregular contour of the hub of the tube adaptor and the hub of the stylet needle. In a second embodiment of the invention, the collar is constructed of rigid plastic and preformed to engage the hub of the tube adaptor of the device and the hub of the stylet needle thereby preventing longitudinal movement of the stylet needle relative to the catheter.

Abstract: A die-cut, contoured, catamenial napkin of joined-together layers of sheet material assembled into a sandwich which combines a thin, soft, flexible peripheral portion for comfort with a thick central portion for increased fluid-holding capacity. The uppermost layer is a thin batt of intermingled fibers provided with unbonded low density cushion areas separated by spaced bonded areas comprised of compressed fluid-distributing channels of higher density extending generally longitudinally of the batt and intersecting the ends and edges. The central portion of the uppermost layer is upwardly deformed to provide a pad-receiving cavity in which a main fluid-holding element consisting of a relatively thick pad of absorbent material is positioned in intimate physical contact with the uppermost layer while the horizontal face portions of the side and end walls of the central pad are free of contact with neighboring components.

Abstract: A piercing system employs a gun-like instrument in conjunction with encapsulated ball type piercers for sterile piercing of ear lobes.

Abstract: A skin-hair plucking device including a compact coiled member within a housing with a substantially smooth external surface exposed for the slidable engagement with the skin and motor driven means for alternately extending and reclosing the windings.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the manufacture of synthetic smoking materials. The process comprises the steps of:(1) Pyrolyzing a cellulosic material at a temperature of from about 150.degree. C to about 400.degree. C, and preferably from about 175.degree. C to about 275.degree. C, under conditions such that from about 8 to about 40% and preferably from about 10 to 25% by weight of the cellulosic material is removed, and(2) Thereafter subjecting the resulting pyrolyzed cellulosic material to extraction with a basic liquid, for example, liquid ammonia, amine or aqueous bases, preferably under conditions to swell the material, whereby from about 15 to about 40%, and preferably from about 20 to about 30%, of the weight of the pyrolyzed product is removed during the extraction.

Abstract: An automatically operating air bleeding device for a liquid supply system, especially a fuel supply system for a diesel engine, comprises a tank having a fuel inlet, an upper air outlet valve, a lower fuel outlet valve, a pivotally mounted float and a pivotally mounted follower member resting on the float for effecting opening of the air outlet valve if the fuel in the tank falls to a first predetermined level due to the entry of air into the tank, and for closing the fuel outlet valve if the fuel falls to a second and lower predetermined level, and a magnet on the follower for actuating a switch for a warning device prior to the fuel lowering to said second level.

Abstract: This invention relates to a drain valve and is particularly adapted for draining water or other liquid from the bowl of a filter for pneumatic systems. The valve includes a bendable tubular body of flexible material and there is a poppet for normally closing a drain passage through the body. The valve has a stem in the passage which is deflectable by manual bending of the body to unseat the valve for opening the drain passage. There is a means for holding the valve seated when the body is not bent, and a portion of the passage constantly bypasses such means to permit drainage flow when the valve is unseated, regardless of whether there is pressure in the bowl.

Abstract: A valve embodying combustion techniques for burners, especially the control technique for maintaining the fuel-to-air ratio at an optimum value over the entire range of low combustion to high combustion which ratio has close relation to nitrogen oxide emissions causing air pollution, to the consumption of fuel gas and to the safety and stability of combustion per se. The valve is installed mainly in the gas feed channel for a burner to freely regulate the rate of flow of gas to the burner accurately in conformity with the flow rate characteristics of air and to thereby provide an optimum fuel-to-air ratio. The valve is very useful in reducing nitrogen oxide emissions, saving energy and ensuring safety.

Abstract: A wafer valve assembly for securing between two flange fittings, each of the flange fittings having a flow passageway therethrough and comprising an annular flange extending radially from the flow passageway. The valve assembly comprises a valve body having a flowway therethrough and a valve element mounted in the flowway for movement between a first position closing the flowway and a second position opening the flowway. Adapter means are secured to the valve body, and alignment means cooperate between the adapter means and the flanges to place the flow passageways and the flowway in substantial register.

Abstract: A valve for use with high temperature abrasive fluids includes a valve body having an outer shell of metal, such as low carbon steel, a refractory liner attached to the shell comprising an insulating outer layer of relatively low density castable refractory material, such as alumina, an inner layer of relatively high density castable refractory abrasion resistant material attached to an inner surface of the insulating layer, and a flame sprayed ceramic coating applied to an inner surface of the abrasion resistant castable refractory layer defining a flow passage in the valve body for the passage of fluids. The valve body includes a removable core assembly containing the working parts of the valve.

Abstract: An automatic stop valve mounted in a liquid supply port of a container to be supplied with pressurized liquid, which valve ensures that liquid supply is automatically and instantaneously stopped when the liquid surface reaches a predetermined level. The valve comprises a hollow valve body with at least one liquid supply port formed at one end and one or more liquid discharge ports formed in the vicinity of the other end, a valve cylinder loosely engaged with the valve body and adapted to be movable axially of the valve body as the level of the pressurized liquid supplied into the container rises and a valve release mechanism for opening the valve by pressing the valve cylinder downwardly. The valve body has a pair of axially spaced seal members secured on the periphery of the valve body with the liquid discharge ports positioned between the seal members, and wherein the valve cylinder may contact the seal members liquid-tightly at both axial ends when the liquid level reaches a predetermined level.

Abstract: Safety valve coated or covered with rubber or the like, suitable to be vulcanized or sealed to inflatable articles, comprising a metal cap hinged or pivoted at one end thereof, which is pressed by a resilient member against a valve seating so as to provide for a sealing until the inner pressure in the inflatable article exceeds a determined rate defined by the resilient member. A top baffle is also provided for protecting the valve, adjusting the flow rate thereof and retaining a possible closing wedge.

Abstract: A delay valve comprising a housing including a side wall and opposed end walls and a plug in the housing cooperating with the side wall to define a first and second chamber. A check valve is provided in the plug permitting flow of air in one direction such that air may flow freely from the second through said check valve to the first chamber and is prevented from flowing from the first to the second chamber. The end walls of the housing have openings communicating with the exterior of the housing, and the plug has a peripheral portion that cooperates with the side wall of the housing to define a helical passage communicating with said first and second chambers.

Abstract: A fluid flow check valve with two disc closure elements pivotally mounted in the valve's body. A concave surface on the upstream side of each disc assists in stabilizing the discs against flutter during flow through the valve, and angular lugs on the downstream side of the discs cooperate with a stop shaft to further stabilize the assembly when the discs are fully open. The valve also includes a resilient seat with an annular sealing bead to facilitate a high unit load on the seat at low pressures, and with a large seal area to support the discs at high back pressures.

Abstract: Pipe coupling assembly for mounting on a tank vessel for use in transferring liquid to or from a single point mooring buoy, or for use in other locations where use of a loading arm is not practicable. The assembly comprises a pipe coupling capable of being releasably clamped to a pipe or hose end. Conduit means including an elbow is connected between the pipe coupling and a swivel assembly. A support is arranged to support the swivel assembly spaced from a support surface so that the pipe coupling is rotatably moveable about the swivel assembly between an operative downwardly facing position and a rearwardly and/or upwardly facing retracted position relative to the support surface. A pair of pipe couplings, arranged to operate in synchronism, may be mounted on a pair of swivels to allow simultaneous coupling to a pair of hoses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solenoid valve which is useful essentially as a control device for pressure-actuated equipment which responds proportionally to an electric signal transmitted to the valve in accordance with the strength thereof. The valve functions in perhaps its most important utilization to maintain a static pressure which may be varied in accordance with the strength of the current supplied to the solenoid of the valve. The valve is constructed for operation by which an output pressure is modulated, according to the current strength of the solenoid, between two supply pressures admitted to separate portions of the valve. One supply pressure is lesser and the other is greater than generally contemplated output pressure.

Abstract: A member having first and second opposite ends for a flow of fluid from each end to the opposite end. The member is provided with openings at each end for receiving fluid into the member and for transferring the fluid from the member at the other end.A first plurality of lands is provided in the member at spaced positions between the first and second opposite ends to define channels. The lands have passages at spaced positions in each land for the flow of the fluid through the passages between adjacent channels. The passages in each land have staggered positions in a direction transverse to the direction between the first and second ends to provide for a separation of the fluid flowing through each passage into two separate eddies in opposite directions. These eddies flow through the two adjacent passages in the next land.A second plurality of lands is provided in the member at spaced positions in each channel in the transverse direction.

Abstract: An inflatable pipe plug in which a series of reinforcing strips of rubber tire cord having unidirectional threads are sandwiched between inner and outer molded members of rubber. The strips include pairs crossing each other with their threads at angles to each other. One underneath sleeve-like strip is longer than the two molded rubber members and is folded back over other strips. A metal head has a tubular portion fitting into the interior of the inner rubber member and is vulcanized to it and also to an inner sleeve of rubber which is somewhat longer than the aluminum head and extends beyond it and is bonded also to the inner rubber member. The structure enables the plug to withstand stress when compressed air is supplied to it through a cap that is bolted to the aluminum head.

Abstract: A plastic closure securely mounted on the external threads at the end of a pipe, tubing, casing, or the like for protecting the external threads from damage. The closure comprises a tapered sleeve which is normally uncompressed and compressed by tightening a metal strap enclosing the sleeve for securing it to the pipe end. When the closure is mounted on the pipe end in its compressed condition, threads on the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve are urged into engagement with the external pipe threads for tightly securing the closure to the pipe end. The sleeve has a conical seat for the strap in its normal uncompressed condition, and in the compressed condition of the sleeve the seat is cylindrical relative to the axis of the sleeve. The sleeve has a flat surface on which the strap seal is placed and a slot for receiving a projection on the strap to prevent circumferential movement of the strap before and during tightening.

Abstract: A sleeve of plastomeric or elastomeric material with inner and outer peripheral wall sections which are interconnected by connecting wall sections decreasing in thickness from said inner peripheral wall sections toward said outer peripheral wall sections. Each of the outer peripheral wall sections is provided with an intermediate constriction dividing the respective outer peripheral wall section into two foldable sections.

Abstract: A gripper shuttle loom is provided with apparatus for passing weft yarn through the warp, comprising a pair of opposed lances on opposite sides of the loom arranged to be moved in unison half way into the shed where gripper shuttles carried by the lances are exchanged. Each shuttle has a pair of jaws for clamping the yarn which is supplied from a single reserve located on one side of the loom where means is provided for cutting the yarn, and inserting the yarn between the jaws. On the other side of the loom means is arranged to open the jaws to release the yarn. Each lance includes a member operable when the lance is at the center of the shed, by a cam drive linked with the loom shaft, for releasing one gripper shuttle and locking the other to the lance.

Abstract: The required length of a continuously delivered weft thread which is to be introduced into the shed of a weaving loom is measured on the circumference of a cylindrical measuring drum. The angular speed of the measuring drum can be infinitely varied to produce an actually required length of the weft thread, thus permitting an exact adjustment of this length.

Abstract: A railway train comprised of interconnected tank cars, each provided with two lading conduits coupled to and in fluid communication with the tank car. A baffle is positioned in the tank car intermediate the lading conduits to provide an automatic outage for the tank car. Liquid lading introduced into the tank car through one of the lading conduits fills the tank car thereby trapping gas vapor resulting in overflow of the liquid lading into the next tank car to fill the tank train seriatim.

Abstract: A container for dispensing water into the cells of an electric storage battery and/or simultaneously into several cells, for example, in to all three cells of a 6 volt electric storage battery, from a container having a common water supply, the dispensing occurring through valved fill spouts which may be opened upon moving the container toward the battery with the spouts in the cells of the battery and providing structure whereby water in each cell will stop flowing from the container into the cell when the water rises in the cell to a level sealing the end of the dispensing spout.

Abstract: The application discloses a valve and nozzle device for filling liquid into open-top cans or other receptacles one at a time, travelling on a conveyor.A commercial requirement is top speed achievable, and the conveyor moves the receptacles horizontally under a periodically discharging nozzle, which discharges a can-filling charge of liquid periodically, as rapidly as the can can be filled, and transported away to make room for the next charge. The apparatus disclosed discharges charges of liquid, under poppet valve control, through a discharge skirt formed to swirl each charge so that the charge impinges on the can, or can contents at a swirl angle, rather than straight down. By coordinating this swirl action with the downward velocity of the discharged charge, splash-out can be eliminated, and higher performance accomplished with a clean, non-splashing operation.

Abstract: A hacksaw includes a frame having a cross member and two struts, with a saw blade detachably connected between the extremities of the struts. A handle is carried by one of the struts and cooperates with a locking button and shaft arrangement to allow the handle to be rotated about the strut and locked in selected positions. A sleeve arrangement at the extremity of each strut allows the plane of the blade to be changed with respect to the plane of the struts.

Abstract: A tool for spacing decorative furniture nails comprises an elongated handle arranged for grasping by a user, joined angularly at one end to a planar gripping body which is configured for placement in overlying engagement with the edge of a piece of upholstery material to be nailed to a furniture frame. The gripping body has a substantially straight working edge, and a plurality of nail receiving openings are located at evenly spaced intervals in the gripping body a short distance inwardly from the working edge for frictionally engaging the shanks of nails. Flared slots, which extend from each opening outwardly to the working edge, are configured for communicating with the openings over slightly less than 180.degree. of their periphery for capturing the shank of a nail in an opening and permitting its release upon pivoting of the body about an already set nail.

Abstract: An implement for holding and guiding pointed elongate fasteners such as nails or studs for facilitating their driving into a surface. The implement comprises a pair of levers which are pivotally mounted and biased to a closed position by a bridging portion. Preferably the bridging portion and the levers are of one-piece molded plastic construction. To one side of the bridging portion the levers have jaws and to the other side thereof handles for opening the jaws. The implement may be temporarily secured proximate to where the nail is to be driven in so as to enable a user having only one `good` hand to drive in the nail.

Abstract: A drill bit having a central shank having an "S" shaped cutter integrally formed on or detachably secured to the shank. A collar is detachably secured to the shank above the cutter and is keyed to the cutter to prevent rotation of the collar. A generally flat secondary cutter is secured to the collar and has a plurality of depending cutter elements on the peripheral edge thereof as well as a plurality of radially extending chisel cutters depending therefrom.

Abstract: An open mouthed bag of flexible, preferably waterproof material having a pair of mating elongated fastener strips secured to the opposite inner surfaces thereof adjacent the open mouth for a complete sealing of the bag. A second pair of elongated mating fastener strips are utilized with one of these strips secured to the outer surface of the bag, generally adjacent the mouth thereof, and with the associated second strip releasably lockable with the first strip at all points of engagement therewith along the length thereof whereby a support member can be positioned between the first and second strips and the strips locked to each other about the support member for a mounting of the bag thereon.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has a tread reinforcement formed of at least two plies of cords which are parallel in each ply and crisscross from one ply to the other, and a tread of which the surface intended to make contact with the ground is narrower than the tread reinforcement. The plies of the tread reinforcement have cords arranged at angles of an absolute value at most equal to 45.degree. with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tire, at least in the zones farthest from the equatorial plane of the tire. On at least one side of the equatorial plane, the tread reinforcement emerges laterally from the portion of the tread not in contact with the ground, by an axial length at most equal to 50 percent of the axial half-width of the tread, measured at the place where the tread reinforcement emerges from the tread.

Abstract: Apparatus which permits one individual to mount and dismount large, off-highway tires onto and off of their respective rims. The present invention is particularly designed to facilitate the mounting of such tires in a more safe, efficient, and far less laborious manner than heretofore possible. This is accomplished by the provision of apparatus which exerts great pressure on the sidewall of the tire being mounted so as to uniformly depress same to enable easy insertion of the lock ring about the tire rim. A preferred embodiment includes a pair of hydraulically operated jacks for exerting the pressure, and a rigid bar linkage interconnecting the moveable pistons of the jacks with the rigid rim structure to provide relative movement between the tire and the rim. The rigid bar linkages preferably includes means which allow the apparatus to be adapted to a plurality of differently sized tires and rims.

Abstract: An improved valance construction for use with a horizontally disposed track element supporting a vertical louver venetian blind. The same material used for the fabrication of the fabric louvers may be bonded to a rigid planar backing, the backing in turn being supported by a plurality of clips secured to the track element at convenient intervals.

Abstract: A bracket type member is affixed to a sliding door at a first end thereof and extends upward in a plane perpendicular to the door whereby the second end of the member is above the first end and spaced from the door and extends between an end ring of a drape hanging from a rod extending above, parallel to, and spaced from, the door, and the ring next-adjacent thereto. The member thus moves the drape in the same direction as the door.

Abstract: A system for controlling the transmission of heat through architectural windows is disclosed in which a magnetized strip is disposed along a major periphery of a frame supporting the window and a flexible window shade is supported adjacent to the frame and is magnetically attracted to the magnetized strip on the frame by a flexible sealing strip secured to the shade. The sealing strip contains a layer of magnetizable particles in a flexible polymeric binder.

Abstract: A "cold box" process is disclosed in which a "green strength" sand binder mass is removed from a pattern, and placed under a canopy for gassing. The binder-curing gas catalyst is then introduced into the void space between the sand mass and the canopy until it penetrates the exposed surfaces of the sand-binder mass effecting a cure. Control of depth of penetration of the gas catalyst, and therefore, control of the thickness of the shell cured, is achieved by control of pre- and post-gassing pressures. The residual pre-gassing interstitial inert gas (usually air) is utilized as the internal "cushion" which limits the penetration of the advancing catalyst gas.

Abstract: A system for making sand molds each having associated therewith a core member composed of a core element or a network of core elements is disclosed. The system includes a machine for making and depositing onto a conveyor, mold sections having joint faces in engagement to form a string of closed-up mold sections. Each mold section has a mold cavity defined in its joint face. A core making machine is positioned adjacent the string of closed-up mold sections and include at least two core box sections, each having a joint face and being arranged for mating of their joint faces for molding a core member therebetween. One of the core box sections retains the mold core member when the faces of the core box sections are parted. The core box section is placed into an orientation such that its joint face is parallel with the exposed face of the last mold section. A core mask is provided for fetching the core member from the core box section and transferring the core member to the last mold section.

Abstract: A method of and arrangement for introducing a starter bar into the strand guide of a continuous casting plant has the starter bar introduced from above, foot part first, into the strand guide and lowered. An upper part of the strand guide is removable transverse to the strand axis so that an opening is formed in the strand guide. The starter bar is lowered after its foot part has been introduced, until the starter bar head has passed the opening, whereupon the removed strand part is returned into its initial position and the starter bar is moved upward until its head closes the mould.

Abstract: A conversion unit is disclosed for converting a mold forming machine from a dry mold material forming process to a moist mold material mold forming process, to form a mold item. The conversion unit comprises mold material injection means having an aperture for injecting the mold material therefrom. The mold material injection means is moved adjacent an aperture in a moldbox of the mold forming machine to inject the mold material into a cavity of the moldbox. The mold material injection means is retracted from the moldbox enabling an aperture sealing means to be rotated between the apertures of the moldbox and the mold material injection means. The mold material injection means is again advanced toward the moldbox to seal the aperture of the moldbox by the aperture sealing means enabling a gas for curing the mold material to enter the mold cavity by gas ports internal the moldbox means.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting a starter bar and for supporting and extracting a cast strand to be used in a continuous casting plant has at least two upper driving rollers arranged to form a first unit and at least two lower driving rollers arranged to form a second unit and a stand. Transverse carriers guided in the stand and are movable relative to each other, have the upper driving rollers mounted on them. Head beams articulately connect the transverse carriers at the ends thereof and adjustment drives are articulately connected to the ends of the head beams for adjustment of said first unit and said second unit relative to each other.

Abstract: The present invention includes a heating system for use with a primary source of heat, such as a gas hot air furnace, or the like. A first conduit formed with perforations therethrough conveys hot exhaust gases generated by the furnace to a flue. A second conduit carrying a fluid is coiled about the first conduit in close proximity thereto so as to permit a transfer of heat to said fluid from exhaust gases escaping from said perforations and contacting said second conduit. A third conduit houses the first and second conduits and conveys exhaust gases that have escaped through said perforations to the flue. Sleeve means intermediate the first and second conduits control the rate of said heat transfer.

Abstract: A rotary regenerative heat exchanger including a supply duct for admitting fluid to an area of a face of the matrix of the heat exchanger bounded by a seal, the supply duct having an outlet covered by a ported distribution plate in which ports are so arranged that the fluid is admitted to the matrix face area bounded by the seal in a predetermined distribution pattern. For example, the ports may be arranged to effect either uniform fluid flow or uniform fluid pressure throughout the matrix face area bounded by the seal.

Abstract: A regenerative heat-exchanger of a gas turbine with a ceramic heat-exchanger disk, a metallic toothed rim substantially coaxially surrounding the heat-exchanger disk under formation of an annular space, compression springs arranged in the annular space which are supported under prestress, on the one hand, against the inside of the toothed rim and, on the other, against the outside of curved entrainment plate means; each entrainment plate means includes a support member and an adherent layer whose concave inner side abuts at the edge of the heat-exchanger disk, whereby the adherent layer essentially consists of metal fibers which form a plastically deformable felt-like adherent layer providing a good frictional engagement to transmit the driving torque to the heat-exchanger disk.

Abstract: Heat transfer element, in particular radiant heater, comprising tubes for a circulating fluid, such as water, oil or vapor, and radiation panels formed with profile portions adapted to be mounted in good thermal contact with the tube surface, the tubes having a polygonal cross-section of which two adjacent sides are adapted to each engage one plane surface of the profile portion being formed in a single or in two contiguous radiation panels, and that the plane surfaces of the profile portion are pressed elastically resiliently against said adjacent sides of the tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously cleaning tubular heat exchangers during use is disclosed, including a separator for continuously circulating cleaning bodies through the heat exchanger along with the heat transfer-medium being employed. The separator thus recirculates the cleaning bodies along with fresh heat transfer medium while separating out a major portion of the heat-transfer medium withdrawn from the tubular heat exchanger, and includes means for withdrawing the cleaning bodies from a downstream portion of the separator and means for withdrawing the heat-transfer medium withdrawn from the heat exchanger from an upstream portion of the separator. The separator is preferably vertically disposed, so that the cleaning bodies are aided by gravity in reaching the downstream portion of the separator, and the cleaning bodies therefore do not impinge upon any screen for separating them from the heat-transfer medium.

Abstract: A method of treating a subterranean formation which has undergone an in situ leaching operation which utilized an ammonium carbonate and/or bicarbonate lixiviant. In such a leach operation, ammonium ions will absorb onto the clay in the formation and will present a threat of contamination to any ground waters that may be present in the formation. The present method involves flushing the formation with a strong, basic solution, e.g., sodium or calcium hydroxide, to convert the ammonium ions to ammonia which is easily carried from the formation by the basic solution. After substantially all of the ammonium ions are removed, the formation is then flushed with water to remove any basic solution which may remain in the formation.

Abstract: A method for heating a well or for initiating an in situ combustion operation to recover petroleum from a well in a subterranean reservoir, a method for assembling an ignition system for the in situ combustion, and an ignition system comprises an elongated combustion chamber suspended from a hollow electrical cable which supplies both electrical means and fuel gas to the chamber. Air inlet ducts in the walls of the combustion chamber receive air from the annular space between the hollow cable and the wellbore tubing. An electrical ignitor is temporarily energized to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the air inlet cylinder. An adjacent thermocouple is responsive to a flameout for re-energizing an ignitor manually such that burner operation is interrupted only momentarily .

Abstract: Samples of oil from a formation to be flooded are equilibrated with a series of surfactant systems comprising a petroleum sulfonate surfactant, a cosurfactant having limited solubility in water and brine. By using sulfonates having an equivalent weight within the range of 375 to 500 and using cosurfactants having a solubility in water varying from 0.5 to 20 grams per 100 grams of water, some of the mixtures will partition into two or more phases while others will not. Then a separate sulfonate-cosurfactant-brine system is made up corresponding to one of those which partitions and the system is injected into the reservoir where on contact with the oil it forms a multiphase bank.