Abstract: A method for resolving a mixture of oil, water and solids including flowing the mixture under and over two forwardly inclined baffles for settling out the solids and for causing oil drops to rise, collect, and flow in V-shaped grooves in the under side of the two baffles for coalescing the drops of oil into larger globs. The final steps of flowing the mixture over the upper forwardly declining baffle left all coalesced oil on the surface for being drawn off as solids-free and water-free oil, and draw off water between the oil outlet and the solids outlet for producing oil-free and solids-free water.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating blood is disclosed which comprises a dialyzer for treating the blood with a treatment liquid and a circulating system which is operative to circulate the treatment liquid through the dializer. The circulating system comprises heating means for heating the treatment liquid to a predetermined treatment temperature and for heating the treatment liquid to a cleaning temperature such that when the treatment liquid is circulated through the circulating system at the cleaning temperature it will effect cleaning thereof. The circulating system further comprises actuating means for actuating the heating means to heat the treatment liquid to the cleaning temperature which means are only operative to actuate the heating means when the circulating system is in communication with the actuating means whereby the actuating means will not be operative when the circulating system is in communication with the dialyzer.

Abstract: A generally hollow packing element of relatively high surface area having a plurality of open end tubes situated radially within and connected to one another. At least two of the tubes have walls with or without openings therein extending around and inclined relative to each other and at an angle to a central axis of the body. A plurality of ribs are angularly spaced around the axis and include ribs extending between the walls, ribs projecting from and beyond an end of an outer tube and ribs extending from the central axis which divide the body into a plurality of sectors and chambers. Whether stacked or randomly dumped into a vessel the majority of the surface area of the body is inclined and neither parallel nor normal to the axis of the element or the vessel.

Abstract: A system for the desalinization of sea water is provided, which includes a barrier buried to a depth below the low tide water level in a sandy beach, and a collector vault, or well, buried in the beach behind the barrier, the vault having an opening in its side for receiving water passing through the barrier. The barrier is filled with selected filter materials, and the sand in the area between the barrier and the vault is treated with a selected material. After a period of pumping, desalinated water will appear in the vault and may be pumped out of the vault. Whenever the water in the vault is pumped below a particular level, a new supply of desalinated water will flow in through the opening in its side from the barrier.

Abstract: A sewage treatment system is divided into two stages with a collection system dispersed therebetween. The first stage includes anoxic treatment units producing an anaerobic effluent which is moved through the vacuum tight collection system to the second stage of treatment including an oxidation unit producing an aerobic effluent containing nitrates, dissolved oxygen and activated sludge. The two liquids are mixed in a chamber and are subjected to treatment before discharge for producing a highly treated effluent from which a major part of the nutrients have been removed.

Abstract: A centrifuge for removing liquid media adhering to chips, turnings, borings or the like. The centrifuge, which is supplied from above, includes a rotatable sieve drum having its own drive system and an inlet for the material which is to be processed. A distributing plate is rotatably and reciprocally mounted within the sieve drum coaxially therewith and in radially spaced relationship thereto. The distributing plate also has its own drive system.

Abstract: A fortified metal filter possessing a high filtering efficiency, a large pore ratio and a wide net area of fused parts of fine stainless steel wires is prepared by crushing the edges of these wires. The wires utilized in the system are composed of numerous polygonally cross-sectioned fine stainless steel wires. The procedure for preparing such filters, in which only the fused part, which arises from the crushing of the wire edges, possesses a large net area and the metal is diffused into the fused part, is achieved by heating and compressing the system simultaneously.

Abstract: A settling tank for resolving a mixture of oil, water, and solids from an oil and solids-in-water influent includes two inclined and parallel baffles about which the influent water successively passes. Each baffle preferably has parallel V-shaped grooves in the under surface thereof for entrapping, guiding, and coalescing the oil droplets into large globs for channeling and passing through the openings between the baffles and the tank wall for rising to the surface for draw off. The clear water outlet is positioned on a horizontal plane intermediate horizontal planes through the low forward end of the upper baffle and the high rear end to ensure delivery of an oil-free and solids-free water. An upper oil outlet ensures delivery of a solids-free and water-free oil from the settling tank. A new method for assembling a settling tank is disclosed.

Abstract: A tube settler improves separation performance by dividing flow path of a fluid to be treated into a multiplicity of tubular passages to achieve fluid stream commutation and to reduce the distance which a suspended particle has to fall increasing a settling area. A critical upward-flow rate for avoiding obstructions to precipitation of the suspended particle without turbulence depends on the cross-sectional configuration of the tubular passage. A tubular passage of triangular, circular, hexagonal or rhombic configulation is disadvantageous because the height or distance from top to bottom differs from part to part across the vertical section of the passage.This invention provides a tube settler or multitube separator having a tube-nest assembly for passing the fluid to be treated therethrough. And, inclined tubular passages of the tube settler are an approximate boomerang cross-section.

Abstract: A smoothing agent for the treatment of textile fiber material comprising (I) from 5 to 20% by weight of a higher fatty acid ester, (II) from 13 to 35% by weight of a paraffin, (III) from 1 to 10% by weight of a higher fatty acid amidopolyamine, (IV) from 0 to 5% by weight of higher fatty acid alkanolamides, (V) from 0 to 5% by weight of a quaternary ammonium salt, (VI) from 0 to 5% by weight of a nonionic ethoxylate, (VII) from 0 to 1% by weight of a protective colloid, (VIII) from 0 to 10% by weight of a water-immiscible organic solvent, (IX) from 1 to 10% by weight of a lower carboxylic acid or lower hydroxycarboxylic acid, and (X) the remainder to 100% by weight of water.

Abstract: A finishing agent composition is disclosed made of a major amount of a surface-active material having softening properties for polyolefin fibers, and smaller amounts of a nonionic wetting agent, buffering agent and a corrosion inhibitor, the amounts of the components being such that, when the composition is dispersed in water to provide a dispersion containing from about 1 to about 4 weight percent solids, the dispersion has a pH within the range of 6 to 8.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for moving and eventually recovering oil from a subterranean oil-bearing formation which comprises injecting into the formation an aqueous fluid containing a succinamate surface-active agent and method for mobility control (imparting viscosity) to a surfactant system used for recovery or moving of oil in an oil-bearing formation.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a synergistic antioxidant system for use in oils comprising a phenylated naphthylamine, a sulfoxide compound, and, optionally, an oligodynamic amount of copper.

Abstract: An improved method for preparing clay-based grease compositions is described whereby a clay containing pre-grease is prepared and a water phase separated from the clay-bearing pre-grease prior to the addition of an epoxide which is cured, e.g., simultaneously with the dehydration of the pre-grease. The grease compositions prepared in this manner show improved water resistance over those wherein the epoxide is added prior to separation of the water phase and the grease is also more responsive to the addition of conventional grease additives such as extreme pressure additives, anti-corrosion additives and anti-oxidants.

Abstract: Synthetic saturated oils useful as materials for lubricating oils and cosmetics and prepared by hydrogenation of low molecular weight polyisoprene having the 1,4 structure of at least 70% in the main chains and a number average molecular weight of about 290 to 3,000.

Abstract: Classified toner materials having a particle size number distribution with a fine index ratio of less than about 2.50, a particle size volume distribution with a coarse index ratio less than about 1.50, and a particle size distribution wherein less than about 30.0 percent by number of the toner particles have an average particle size diameter of less than about 5 microns, about 25 percnt of the particles have a diameter between about 8 microns and about 12 microns and less than about 5 percent by number of the toner particles have an average particle diameter greater than about 20 microns. The toner materials may be mixed with carrier materials to form electrostatographic developer mixtures.

Abstract: Liquid scouring cleaning compositions containing 30% to 60% by weight of cristobalite having a grain size of less than 150 .mu., a surfactant, a thickening agent, and a liquid carrier, which compositions are white, stable suspensions.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal mixture comprises at least one nematic liquid crystal compound and an amount, sufficient to impart a positive DC anisotropy of at least about 15 to said mixture, of at least one liquid crystalline or potentially liquid crystalline compound having a positive DC anisotropy of above about 25, of the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein X is a monovalent radical of the formula --NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 or --N(R.sup.5)(CHO); Y is a bivalent radical of the formula --CH.dbd.N--, --N.dbd.CH--, --N.dbd.N--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C(O)O--, --O(O)C--, --C(O)S--, --S(O)C--, --C.tbd.C-- or ##STR2## Z is a monovalent radical of the formula --CN, --NO.sub.2, --SO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3 or --NHCOR.sup.5 ; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl or hydroxy; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sup.

Abstract: Dichroic dyes of the 4,4'-Bis-(substituted naphthylazo)azobenzene type, each having three azo (--N.dbd.N--) bonding groups, provide a high order parameter in excess of 0.70, when dissolved in liquid crystal mixtures to provide contrast ratios on the order of 10:1.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the solidification of radioactive boron containing aqueous solutions and suspensions containing more than 5% boric acid or a borate and more than 5% solids by addition of suitable additions in the correct sequence to form solid, transportable and storable blocks by using as the additive first 5 to 30 parts by weight of slaked lime and then 30-80 parts by weight of cement per 100 parts by weight of radioactive solution.

Abstract: Stable emulsions of a polar liquid in a non-polar base liquid are prepared with the cooperating action of a mixture of a water-in-oil surfactant having an HLB value of from 2 to 10 and certain polydiorganosiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymers. An emulsion of interest is an anti-perspirant composition comprising an aqueous solution of aluminum chlorhydrate as the polar liquid dispersed in cyclopolydimethylsiloxanes as the non-polar base liquid, using a mixture of nonylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol and a copolymer of a trimethylsiloxane-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane containing a minor amount of methylhydrogensiloxane units and an allyloxy-endblocked polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for preparing a colloidal dispersion of selenium by the locus control process. In one embodiment the method involves adding hydrazine to a solution containing submicron sized domains of a soluble second phase which domains bear a plurality of pendant acid groups to form a salt between the hydrazine and pendant acid groups. Addition of selenous acid to the solution results in reduction of the selenium contained therein to zero valent selenium which selenium is produced in the form of a stable colloidal dispersion.

Abstract: A complex alkali metal-metal-silicate material that is useful as a floc weighting agent is made by continuously bringing together concentrated solutions of alkali metal silicate and of a metal salt and substantially immediately mixing them in a vessel under high shear with a rotor. The product contains about 30% by weight of silicate, measured as SiO.sub.2, and is insoluble in hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: Defoaming agent comprising(a) from 1 to 100 parts by weight of at least one alkali-metal salt of an oxy-acid of sulphur, nitrogen or phosphorus,(b) from 20 to 1 parts by weight of at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon or a derivative thereof of the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty acid salts, fatty acid amides, alcohols, amines, aldehydes and ketones,(c) from 0 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of (a + b), additives and(d) from 0 to 1000 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of (a + b), water.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing organic materials against autoxidation, a composition useful therefor and organic compositions containing the autoxidation stabilizers. The method comprises the steps of adding a compound capable of reducing the peroxide content and a transition metal containing compound to an organic material and thereafter recovering a stabilized composition. The components of the inhibitor may be added separately or simultaneously and the same may be added directly to the organic material or first combined in a concentrated solution and then added to the organic material. The basic and neutral primary, secondary and tertiary amines have been found particularly effective in reducing the peroxide content. Also, the transition metal salts containing cations which easily change valence by a single electron are the most effective transition metal salts. The inhibitor combination is effective in both liquid and solid compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 2-aminoalkyl-3-aryl-hetero-indenes useful as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: A process for recovering a catalyst adsorbent from a polyol-adsorbent residue by treatment of the polyol-adsorbent residue with organic solvents. This adsorbent can then be recycled for use in the further removal of alkaline catalysts from polyether polyols.

Abstract: A method of pyrolyzing sewage sludge to transform the same into activated carbon, with the combustible pyrogas and volatile liquids included therewith that arise from the pyrolysis operation being burned to sustain the transformation operation. A first portion of the hot activated carbon resulting from the operation is mixed with the wet sewage sludge to provide a dry sludge mixture that is subsequently subjected to the pyrolyzing operation. Water vapor that discharges as the hot activated carbon is mixed with the wet sewage sludge is heated by the burning of the pyrogas and transformed to steam. The resulting steam is in contact with the dry mixture during the pyrolyzing operation, and as a result the dry mixture is transformed to activated carbon. A second portion of the resulting activated carbon is separated from the first portion thereof, with this second portion being available for use apart from the method.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of the subject aqueous solution from a non-bromine manganous salt. More specifically this invention pertains to a critical order of dissolving such salt and elemental bromine and to the use of an anti-oxidant for the manganous ion to prevent its conversion to hydrated manganous dioxide: MnO(OH).sub.2. According to "A Comprehensive Treatise On Inorganic And Theoretical Chemistry", J. W. Mellor, Vol. XII at pages 189 and 259 (published by Longmans, Green and Co., 1947) hydrated manganous dioxide results from the oxidation of a solution of manganous salt with chlorine, bromine, hypochlorous acid, hydrogen peroxide, etc. Such oxidation of a solution of manganous acetate was specifically mentioned. Such hydrated manganous dioxide is described as a white solid product which upon standing in contact with air becomes a dark brown to black product identified as MnO.sub.2.

Abstract: Cellular urethane polymers are provided by effecting the reaction of an organic polyol reactant comprising a polyether polyol and an organic polyisocyanate reactant in the presence of a blowing agent and a catalyst system comprising a tertiary-dimethylamino ether mono-ol. In the dimethylamino ether mono-ols employed as catalysts in the practice of the invention, the tertiary-dimethylamino group and the hydroxyl group are positioned beta to a common acyclic ether oxygen atom or to different acyclic ether oxygen atoms which in turn are positioned beta to one another. The said dimethylamino ether mono-ols are versatile, low odor catalysts and are useful in forming cellular urethane polymers ranging from all water-blown flexible polyether foam to all fluorocarbon-blown rigid foam including semi-flexible and high-resilience foam products.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst which involves coating a support with a first solution containing a platinum or palladium salt and a rhodium salt, calcining, further coating the calcined support with a second solution containing a salt of ruthenium and an oxide, salt or acid of phosphorus and then further calcining.

Abstract: Hydrogen transfer catalyst comprises (a) as support a graphite containing carbon having (1) a basal plane surface area of at least 100 m.sup.2 /g, (2) a ratio of BET surface area to basal plane surface area of not more than 5:1 and (3) a ratio of basal plane surface area to edge surface area of at least 5:1 and (b) as active component, 0.01 to 10% by weight, of the total weight of catalyst of a platinum group metal disposed thereon. The catalyst is particularly suitable for reforming.

Abstract: Siliceous fibers characterized by being strong, water-insoluble, and porous, and having a five to seven-sided polygonal cross section are prepared by directionally freezing a quiescent body of aqueous polysilicic acid by subjecting it to a temperature of -5.degree. to -200.degree. C.

Abstract: A composite body consisting of two or more formed parts of densely sintered aluminum oxide and a metal such as an envelope for a mercury vapor discharge lamp with a metal halide filling. The parts are connected together with material which comprises at least two of the oxides SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and at least one of the trivalent oxides La.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Y.sub.2 O.sub.3. This material is applied at a relatively low temperature and is resistant to the gas filling up to approximately 1350.degree. C.

Abstract: An amphoteric surfactant system which, in use, is nontoxic to marine or aquatic life, and which contains as amphoteric surfactant at least one amido betaine of a specified class. Multipurpose detergent systems based upon such betaine and incorporating detergent builders and other adjuncts, all selected to be similarly nontoxic. Advantageously, the detergency builder is sodium hydroxide or a suitable sodium salt such as the carbonate, sesquicarbonate, tripolyphosphate, or other. Also advantageously there is incorporated a chelating agent which is advantageously a sodium salt or compound such as the sodium salt of EDTA; and other adjuncts, such as a soil-suspending agent or optical brightener, are also useful additives. A particular advantage of the composition according to this invention is that it provides washing effluents which are substantially nontoxic to marine or aquatic life, other than microorganisms.

Abstract: A granular detergent composition contains substantially no phosphate builder component but has excellent powdery characteristics. The granular detergent composition comprises(a) 20 to 35 wt.% of a surfactant comprising an .alpha.-olefinsulfonate and an alkyl ether sulfate at a ratio of the .alpha.-olefinsulfonate to the alkyl ether sulfate of 1 : 1 to 5 : 1 by weight; and(b) 40 to 70 wt.% of a builder comprising a carbonate and a silicate at a ratio of the carbonate to the silicate of 2 : 1 to 5 : 1 by weight.

Abstract: A phenolic foam that is non-corrosive to metallic substrates over which it is applied is disclosed herein. The foam is prepared by hardening an intimate mixture of a conventional foamable phenolic resole resin containing a blowing agent, a hardener and a surface active agent, and sodium tetraborate.

Abstract: Elastomeric, chemically stable, flame resistant polymers are obtained by polymerizing acrylamide or mixtures of acrylamide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith in the presence of a catalyst having the structure: ##STR1## wherein: Q = Na, K, NH.sub.4, Ca or Ban = 2 to 5 ##STR2## Me = Ti, Mn, Mo, Zr or W x = 0 to 1a, b, c each = 0 to 1a+b+c+d = valence of Me.The catalyst may be used alone as well as with UV, electron beam, ionizing radiation and combinations of these and with general redox systems known in the literature.

Abstract: Polyester foam is formed by simultaneously cross-linking an unsaturated polyester resin and generating carbon dioxide as a blowing agent. The foam-forming components are divided into two equal volume parts which are metered together to effect the simultaneous reactions and form the foam. Apparatus is described for effecting the foam-forming method.

Abstract: Process for conditioning contaminated ion-exchange resins, more particularly contaminated cationic resins, wherein the contaminated ion-exhange resin or resins are brought into contact with a basic compound in a sufficient quantity to block the active sites of the cationic resin or resins, the thus treated ion-exchange resin or resins are incorporated into an ambient temperature-thermosetting resin and the latter is crosslinked.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of polyurethane foams wherein organic polyisocyanates are reacted with active hydrogen containing compounds, wherein either the polyisocyanate or the active hydrogen containing compound or both are used in the form of sedimenting, redispersible dispersions containing homogeneous i.e. non-foamed aminoplast /condensates as the dispersed phase.

Abstract: A foamable polymer composition comprising a resinous polymer and a mixture of polycyclic aromatic polycarboxylic acids that is substantially soluble in acetone and substantially soluble in water obtained as a result of the nitric acid oxidation of a carbonaceous material, such as coal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-dilutable binder for lacquers and paints based on synthetic resins microemulsified in water by means of certain emulsifiers.

Abstract: An emulsion composition prepared by the emulsion polymerization of a polymerizable vinyl monomer in the presence of an emulsifier characterized in that the emulsifier is a neutralized copolymer of (A) a monomer prepared by being allowed at least one glycidyl ester of arcylic acid and methacrylic acid to react with at least one fatty acid of drying oil fatty acid and semi-drying oil fatty acid, (B) .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated acid and (C) an unsaturated monomer containing substantially no carboxyl group and having a Q value of at least 0.1 as determined by Q-e theory.

Abstract: Base neutralized electrodepositable coating compositions which may be utilized in a continuous electrophoretic process without the necessity of employing membrane controls. Such coating compositions are micellar dispersions comprising a resinous vehicle which is blended or admixed with an organic liquid dispersant, said dispersant having limited solubility in water and a limited affinity for the electrodepositable vehicle, and whereby the admixture is subsequently partially neutralized with a base. Such compositions when cured provide for coatings having good salt spray resistance, mar resistance, appearance, and other desirable physical characteristics.

Abstract: This invention relates to high ortho etherified resole resins. The resole resins are prepared by reacting under acidic conditions phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of a divalent electropositive metal. The resole resins are then etherified with an alcohol and dehydrated to less than 1 percent water. The novel high ortho etherified resole resins are useful in coating, bonding and adhesive compositions. Such resoles are readily curable with coreactive resins providing chemical and solvent resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous dispersion type thermosetting coating composition consisting essentially of a homogeneous mixture of an aqueous medium, a powder of a thermosetting resin having an acid value of 5 to 30, a carboxyl group-containing organic polymeric thickener, and an organic amine and/or an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Finely-divided dispersed solids are prepared by the emulsion polymerization in the presence of a free radical catalyst of a major amount of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer or mixture of monomers and a minor amount of a hydroxy-terminated organic compound having from one to eight hydroxyl groups, an oxyethylene content of from about 15 to 80 weight percent, a hydroxyl equivalent weight of from 250 to 10,000 and containing a polymerizable carbon-to-carbon double bond. The resulting polymeric solids are particularly useful in the preparation of reinforced polymer compositions.

Abstract: Polyester plasticizers having improved low temperature properties are obtained by terminating the polyester with mixed chain-terminating agents. Mixtures of monobasic acids and monofunctional alcohols are employed for this purpose. The polyesters of this invention find particular utility as plasticizers for PVC homopolymers and copolymers.

Abstract: Rapid-setting polyurethanes are prepared employing as the modifier component therein a cyclic unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having an atmospheric boiling point above about 140.degree. C such as dicyclopentadiene.