Abstract: A cutter bit for use with a cutting or winning machine has a generally cylindrical shank and a generally conical cutting head. The shank is rotatably received, in use, within a matched bore in a bit holder. The shank is formed with a reduced-diameter portion on which is rotatably mounted a bearing ring. A compressible locking ring surrounds and grips the bearing ring so that, in use, the locking ring frictionally engages the bore in the bit holder so as to restrain relative axial movement between the cutter bit and the holder.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a novel wheel trim retention for retaining wheel trim on the outer face of a vehicle wheel. The invention is especially adaptable for use with wheel trim made of plastic or the like. The retention system comprises specially designed spring clips which contain two members attached to a base portion which limit the radial and circumferential movement of the clip relative to the wheel trim, and a terminal portion which extends radially inwardly to limit the axial movement of the clip and help retain the clip on the wheel trim.

Abstract: An improved material handling apparatus or container for transporting, storing, and unloading a load of powder, granular, particulate or other fluidizable material. The container has a pallet base which includes a discharge opening and an inclined load supporting deck with the discharge opening located at the lowermost portion of the deck at one side of the pallet whereby substantially all the fluidizable material in the container may be readily unloaded. The container includes a porous cloth diaphragm held in place overlying the deck by means of a retainer spline inserted into a groove in the pallet along with the diaphragm in such manner that the spline self-locks in the groove upon tension loading being applied to the diaphragm thus preventing the diaphragm from pulling free of the pallet during fluidization of the load.

Abstract: The efficiency of a hydrocarbon slurry is maximized by determining the largest percent of economically pumpable distillation overhead that can be obtained from the hydrocarbon. This determination is based on the properties of the overhead as a carrier fluid in the transporting system (e.g. slurry viscosity or pumpability). Once determined, the composition of the optimum overhead is determined by the usual techniques, i.e., by gas chromatographic techniques, to determine its composition and the cut point defined in terms of the composition of the optimum overhead. The composition of the overhead is monitored during the refining process and is compared with the composition of the optimum overhead. The distillation process is then monitored and controlled accordingly to produce an overhead with the desired molecular composition. One advantage of this method is that it limits the amount of undesirable wax crystals in the overhead.

Abstract: A tensioning and recoil apparatus for the idler wheel and track of a crawler-type vehicle, such apparatus including a recoil spring and a hydraulic cylinder interposed between the spring and idler wheel. Hydraulic fluid is added to or released from the cylinder, as needed, to maintain a predetermined pressure level in the cylinder and a constant tension in the track trained around the idler and to provide a fluid damping of peak loads on the idler wheel and track during forward drive. Fluid is trapped in the cylinder when in reverse drive so that the cylinder then functions as a solid link between the recoil spring and idler wheel.

Abstract: An articulated chain is secured to a plurality of track shoes of an endless track assembly for a track-type vehicle. Each articulated joint, connecting laterally spaced pairs of links of the track chain together, comprises a pin including a pair of longitudinally aligned pin members. A tubular bushing is mounted on the pin members and a bolt extends longitudinally therethrough to clamp the pin members and the links together.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a radial bearing arrangement for a large diameter rotor wherein the rotor carries an annular surface in a peripheral region spaced radially from the axis which cooperates with a series of bearing devices mounted in a foundation. The bearing devices provide reactions in a limited number of main supporting directions and act collectively to restrain the rotor against movement in all radial directions. Not more than two of the bearing devices provide positive, non-yielding restraint in those main directions, whereas the other bearing devices have radially displaceable bearing shoes and furnish yielding holding forces. The arrangement may include one type of yielding bearing device which furnishes a reaction which varies with displacement and affords a centering action, and/or a second type which furnishes a constant reaction during slow displacements and an increased reaction during rapid displacement, and thus affords damping action.

Abstract: A snap cage for a bearing wherein the diameter of the peripheral surface of the cage, viewed in axial direction is diminished, or the diameter of the bore surface of the cage is augmented, towards the web ends, the ends of the webs being formed such that the faces of the web ends lie on one side of the pitch circle.

Abstract: A water lubricated rubber bearing is disclosed in which a compliment of staves is positioned within a bearing housing having a cylindrical inner bearing housing surface. When unstressed, the stave can be moved within the housing for installation or removal. Locking of the staves in the assembly is provided by producing tight frictional contact between the inner bearing housing surface and the exterior surface of the staves. Such locking frictional contact is produced by axially compressing the staves to increase their thickness and to produce tight frictional contact between the outer surface of the stave with the bearing housing along the entire length of the staves. Additional locking is provided at the ends of the staves by pins mounted on the housing assembly, which project into bores within the ends of the staves. Such pins augment the frictional locking at the ends of the staves to resist peripherally directed movement of the stave ends.

Abstract: A pair of movable joined scissors are positioned between the base and dispenser table by being roller-guide connected thereto, and the main compression springs are tied to the scissors axis, and the scissors are centered by tension springs connected to the scissors and base.

Abstract: The easel box comprises a parallelepipedic casing on which are hingedly mounted at least three telescopic legs and a canvas supporting structure, said supporting structure comprising a panel structure having a planar face and four peripheral side ledges. Canvas supporting means comprises a T-square structure provided with upper securing means and slidably mounted on the side of said panel structure opposite to said plane face, and lower pivoting supporting means slidably mounted on said side ledges of said panel structure. T-square structure is entirely concealable within said panel structure.

Abstract: A stack of printed circuit boards are mechanically and electrically interconnected by a plurality of double ended contact members mounted in coaxial relationship in the boards. Each double ended contact member comprises a shrouded pin contact having a socket contact extending in a direction opposite to the pin contact. The socket contact of one double ended contact member in one board slidably engages with the shrouded pin contact of the double ended contact member in the next adjacent board. The contact members in the respective boards have cooperating standoff shoulders which space the boards apart a predetermined distance.

Abstract: The general object of this invention relates to the use of the inner space of the handle of a vacuum cleaner for storing the electrical cord, switch and plug of said appliance.Another object of this method consists in the use of a coiled electrical appliance cord, which can easily be stored inside the handle of a vacuum cleaner.Another object of this method is a specially designed electrical plug, which is used as a closure cap on top of the upper end of the handle of a vacuum cleaner, after that the coiled electrical cord has been stored inside said handle.Still another object of this method is a specially designed electrical switch, which is used as a closure cap on top of the upper end of the handle of a vacuum cleaner, while the appliance is being used and after that the electrical plug has been removed from the top of the handle and said coiled electrical cord has been pulled out of said handle.

Abstract: A screwless electrical terminal unit comprises a pair of parallel channels for receiving respective conductors, with the open sides of the channels facing one another. Between the channels is mounted a W-shaped leaf spring with its central bend mounted on a retaining member, each outer bend adjoining an abutment between the outer bends to limit movement of the latter, and the free limbs extending obliquely towards respective channels for clamping conductors therein. Such an arrangement ensures that manipulation of one limb of the spring has no effect on the clamping of a conductor by the other limb. A rocker member may be provided for selectively moving the free limbs from their conductor-clamping positions.

Abstract: A self-shearing connector for electrical conductors comprises a helical spring of rectangular cross-section wire around a central member extending from a body member. The spring has an upper or end turn with an end part of an external diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the next or lower turn. On compression of the spring the end part of the upper or end turn is pushed down into the next turn shearing off the end of the conductor. The conductor is gripped between the lower turn and the body or between the spring turns. If the conductor is insulated, the gripping pressure splits the insulation at opposite sides of the conductor to provide electrical contact.

Abstract: A continuous strip of thermoplastic articles, such as electrical connecting device housings, has first and second portions defined by bands which extend along the entire length of the strip. The first band is of a first thermoplastic material which has optimum properties and characteristics for the parts of the articles which lie in the first band and the second band is of a second thermoplastic material which has optimum properties and characteristics for those portions of the article which lie in the second band of the continuous strip. In the case where the articles are connector housings, the first band may be of a material which has superior crimping characteristics while the second band may be of a material having optimum firmness and strength.

Abstract: An endoscope telescope comprising first and second telescopically mounted tubular members of which the second tubular member is mounted in said first tubular member for movement relative thereto, at least two objective lens means and at least two ocular lens means of which the most distal objective lens means and the most distal ocular lens means are positioned in said first tubular member and the most proximal objective lens means and most proximal ocular lens means are positioned in said second tubular member, and an image transmitting system arranged in said second tubular member between the most proximal objective lens means and the most distal ocular lens means.

Abstract: A bidirectional optical communication system which includes a transmission ine which directs radiation onto a reflective surface through which a smaller-diameter fiber is inserted. The smaller-diameter fiber directs radiation into the larger-diameter fiber for transmission away from the reflective surface simultaneous with radiation transmitted through the larger-diameter fiber toward the reflective surface. A reflective surface and small fiber may be at each end of the larger-diameter fiber for bidirectional operation.

Abstract: A spiral spring strip for coupling a pair of optical fibers which may be terminated with ferrules. The spring loop diameter is reduced by tension so as to grip the ferrules. Several spirals may be employed to form a multiway connector.

Abstract: An optical fibre has a core and a plurality of rings surrounding the core. In one arrangement the core and subsequent alternate rings are light transmitting, while the intermediate rings are of cladding material. In an alternative arrangement the core and alternate rings are of cladding material and intermediate rings are light transmitting. The light transmitting rings can be of varying refractive index or of constant refractive index.

Abstract: This invention relates to an optical system for the production of a beam of light having a uniform intensity distribution. The optical system includes at least one Fresnel biprism for converting a beam of light having a non-uniform intensity distribution into a beam of light having a uniform intensity distribution.

Abstract: A zoom lens system in accordance with this invention is composed of a first fixed lens group, a first movable lens group, a second movable lens group and a second fixed lens group arranged in this order from front to rear, wherein a stop is are located at the center of the whole lens system and the first fixed lens group and the second fixed lens group consist of the same lens elements and located symmetrically with respect to the stop, and similarly the first movable lens group and the second movable lens group consist of the same lens elements and are located symmetrically with respect to the stop. The first movable lens and the second movable lens are asymmetrically moved with respect to the stop in accordance with the location of the whole lens system that is changed to vary the magnification, whereby the distortion and the focus shift caused by the field curvature fluctuation are eliminated throughout the variable range of magnification.

Abstract: A remotely controlled projection zoom lens apparatus utilizes a zoom lens assembly having a spur gear fitted to the barrel element of a zoom lens rotationally driving a zoom lens element. Another spur gear is co-axially aligned with an iris element operable in line with the zoom lens assembly. Both spur gears are in turn operated by a gear train and powered by a common motor. A slip clutch may be interposed between the motor output shaft and the gear train or between the gear train and either or both spur gears, permitting the iris barrel or zoom barrel to engage stop position without damage when one or the other is driven to a stop position by the motor, or to adjust angular position relative to one another. The gear train is rotationally coupled to a potentiometer, which in turn signals the position thereof to a remotely located indicating device. The motor is controlled from the remote location as well.

Abstract: A relatively compact, inexpensive and portable viewer for reading photogric reductions, such as microfiche film cards, includes a cylindrical translucent diffuser tube which provides for entry of sufficient light under usual ambient conditions for viewing the film; a transparent cylindrical mounting tube axially centered within the diffuser tube; and a slide tube axially and longitudinally movable, by hand operation, within the transparent mounting tube. The slide tube forms an optical path comprising a rectangular opening in its wall near one of its ends which acts as a film gate, a reflecting mirror positioned in line with the wall opening, a magnification lens and an eyepiece lens. The film is inserted in the cylindrical gap formed between the diffuser tube and the mounting tube and the slide tube is moved so that the desired portion of the film may be viewed, enlarged and read.

Abstract: A radiation concentration system for reflecting incident radiation rays from a displaceable source to a fixedly positioned focus. The concentration system includes a positioning mechanism for maintaining a mirror element plane normal to a bisecting line of an incident and a reflected angle of radiation impinging on and being reflected from the mirror plane. The radiation concentrating system provides for a displacement mechanism which drives the mirror element about mutually perpendicular axis lines. The displacement mechanism drives the mirror element about a first axis line extending in a direction from the displacement mechanism to the focus and further drives the mirror element about a second axis line normal to the first axis line. In this manner, the mirror element is maintained in a predetermined positional relation for reflection of the incident radiation to the fixed focus.

Abstract: A periscope has a pair of solid plastic, transparent prismatic-shaped blocks of optical material which are mounted within a protective housing which extends through an opening in an armored vehicle for safely viewing an exterior field of view from within the protected vehicle. Each of the blocks has a reflective surface and a viewing surface and are separated from each other by a void. A hollow transparent cell is mounted within and fills the void between the spaced blocks and is bonded to the blocks by a clear optical adhesive. The cell provides a shock isolation effect between the periscope block which is exposed to impact from enemy gunfire, etc., and the other periscope block located within the vehicle without affecting the physical and optical properties of the periscope. The cell reduces transmission of the shock waves between the solid blocks and prevents foreign objects from entering the void and distorting the optical viewing system.

Abstract: A laser tube mirror alignment fixture for use in adjusting the reflecting mirrors on the ends of a laser tube. The fixture consists of two flange members which, when welded, form a single convection bellows, and a backing ring in which a number of screws are placed to provide for adjustment of the reflecting mirrors. The laser reflector is sealed to one of the flanges. The displacement is achieved by adjusting the screws on the backing ring and creating a differential pressure on the back flange of the bellows which, after adjusting the screws, can be locked tight to ensure no further movement.

Abstract: Variable density spectacles comprising a pair of superposed iodine stained light polarizing elements, one of such elements being rotatable through an arc of less than 90 degrees to provide changes in the light transmitting functionality of the superposed elements; each of said elements having a light transmittance of from about 42 to 44 percent.

Abstract: A film projector system including a sealed film cassette removeably mounted ithin an aperture in the projector and driving means in said projector mechanically engaging coupling means extending through said cassette for driving the sealed film between hubs sealed in said cassette intermittently past a film projection location in said cassette and continuously past a sound detection location therein, with the projection plane of the film at said projector locations being disposed normal to the projector optical projection optical sound beams and twisted ninety degrees with respect to the plane of that portion of the film wound on said hubs so that the projector beams do not pass between the film hubs.

Abstract: A cinematograph comprises a plurality of lenticules, a projection lens for capturing and passing optical flux from one of the lenticules, a light source for illuminating the image surface of a cine-film which is disposed in a plane which includes the focus of the lenticule and feed means for synchronously feeding the film and the lenticules.

Abstract: A miniature map viewer employing a magnifying lens and an aligning reticle disposed within the field of view of the lens is disclosed. The reticle is used for aligning points on the map and real geographic features and may be augmented by and used in conjunction with an angular orientation degree scale indicator, a compass, and/or an object sighting device, which are also disclosed.

Abstract: A roll film reader/printer transports film to a selected photographic area. Transparent areas are also left at any one or more selected locations on the roll film. When it is necessary or desirable to read an image on a separate and discrete film, "card", the roll of film is transported through the reader/printer in order to display a transparent area. There, the separate and discrete film "card" is manually inserted into the reader/printer, over the transparent area on the roll film. Suitable interlock switches disable the roll film transport mechanism while the manually inserted film is in the reader/printer.

Abstract: An exposure control operation involving diaphragm adjustment is performed in first and second phases. During the first phase, a drag mechanism controls the rate of change of diaphragm value. During the second phase, a braking mechanism cooperates with the drag mechanism to control the rate of change of diaphragm value.

Abstract: Control circuitry controls exposure time in accordance with a light representative signal that has been stored in a storing device through a storing switch from a light measuring circuit which includes a photocell receiving scene light through the camera objective. The storing switch includes an emitter follower transistor circuit through which the light representative signal is transmitted from the light measuring circuit to the storing device, and which is turned off in response to actuation of a switch adapted for energization of the shutter control magnet. Constant current sources ensure temperature stabilization of the emitter-follower circuit such that the voltage stored by the storing device accurately represents the output of the light measuring circuit.

Abstract: In an eye fundus camera an optical system illuminates the eye fundus and a sensor detects the intensity of reflection from the eye. When the intensity of reflection is sufficient to indicate that the person being examined has blinked his eye, the photographic system is disabled.

Abstract: A platen for forming reseau marks on a photographic film for a mapping camera or the like which includes a substantially flat platen body provided with a plurality of apertures in each of which is positioned a projector, the apertures being arranged in a pattern corresponding to the pattern of the reseau marks to be formed on the film so that light from a source on one side of the platen is formed into a light beam by the projectors representative of the reseau mark and forms an image on film held by a vacuum against the other side of the platen and which is also exposed to an optical image by the camera.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for positioning a sheet of photographic material exposed to a light image of a subject to be photographed in a large format, instant camera having a directly accessible translucent viewing screen positioned behind the camera film plane. A removable appliance is attached to the sheet material so that only a draw cord extends across the viewing screen after the camera is closed about the sheet and in no way interfers with image viewing for composition and focusing. The draw cord extends to the camera exterior so that the image receiving sheet may be fed by pulling it across the front of the viewing screen without first opening the camera back.

Abstract: Apparatus for selectively masking the film frame of a larger format camera as of the self-developing variety. A frame type retaining member removably fits over the film frame opening of a film cassette. This member slideably retains a rectangular mask which is dimensioned to cover about one half of the extent of the film frame opening.

Abstract: An attachment for a photographic camera for alternately maintaining a focussing screen and a film holder in an operative position with respect to a camera. The attachment is provided with a focussing screen rendered movable by connection to a rotatable shaft between operative and operative positions to permit placement of the film holder when the screen is in its inoperative position. Locking means actuated by the rotatable shaft are provided to lock the focussing screen or the film holder in operative positions. Also, means operated by rotation of the shaft are provided to control the condition of the camera shutter.

Abstract: A variable focus lens capable of being moved within and outside of its normal focusing range by a manual and an automatic focus control system is provided with spring force biasing means to urge said lens into its normal focusing range to avoid the possibility of said lens being misfocused by said automatic focus control system.

Abstract: A roll film camera of the type in which the exposed film must be rewound onto a supply reel within a magazine before the back cover of the camera is opened to remove the magazine from its chamber within the camera body. As a rewinding crank is operated by hand, when the film nears the terminal end as detected by a probe extending into the transport path of the film, motion of the handcrank begins to be transmitted to an operating member for controlling a locking and unlocking operation of the back cover. It is thereby insured that the film is protected from fogging when the magazine is removed. Even with a camera having a motor drive unit, it is possible to leave the film unrewound protruding from the magazine by a limited terminal length which provides for easy handling of the film in the later processing operation.

Abstract: A motor-driven shutter mechanism comprising two shutter members adapted to open and close an exposure aperture for the passage of the incoming light therethrough. These shutter members are operatively coupled to each other and to the drive shafts of two motors through a motion translator for translating a rotary motion into a linear movement. Electric drive circuits for operating the motors are also disclosed.

Abstract: A digital information transmitting and displaying system for a photographic camera in which a plurality of electric signals bearing respective digits, or symbols or combinations thereof constituting a photographic information, such as an exposure value, are transmitted in sequence through a common channel from a camera control circuit device to a digital read-out device arranged to be visible in the view finder of the camera.

Abstract: A photoconductive sheet is wrappingly attached to an electrically conductive, grounded rotary drum so that part of the drum is covered by the sheet and another part of the drum is exposed. A magnetic brush developing member comprises a magnetic core and an electrically conductive sleeve surrounding the core. An electrically insulative layer is formed on the periphery of the sleeve. The core and/or sleeve are rotated to pick up toner particles which brushingly engage with the sheet to develop an electrostatic image formed thereon. A bias voltage is applied to the sleeve to prevent adherence of toner particles to white areas of the image. A regulator device maintains the bias voltage constant to prevent detrimental effects of charge buildup and dissipation across the electrically insulative layer on the sleeve of the magnetic brush.

Abstract: A pressure roll for use in a roll fuser for fixing toner images to copy sheets by the application of heat and pressure, is described. The roll is characterized by a rigid core covered with a relatively thick layer of organic rubber with a relatively thinner sleeve or layer of material acting as an air barrier to the organic rubber to prevent oxidative degradation. The organic rubbers are characterized by small compression deflection decreases even after exposure to high temperatures, under pressure for prolonged periods of time.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus for producing printing masters utilizing modulated laser light as the exposure source and a continuous process for producing such printing masters involving the steps of plate conveyance, synchronous charging and exposure, and electrostatic development and fusing of electrophotographic printing masters suitable for use in offset or lithographic printing processes. The apparatus comprises a transport system for sequentially conveying printing masters to the exposure platen which retains the masters in a fixed plane for synchronous charging and exposure, utilizing as a light source, a modulated laser beam. The optical and deflecting components of the exposure system are mounted in a moveable carriage member adapted to traverse a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the exposure platen such that the exposure laser will raster scan the platen area.

Abstract: The photographic printer of the present invention automatically derives and stores slope compensation factors which are used in subsequent printing to compensate for exposure. Reference or slope center values are stored for a reference negative and prints of various negatives are made. A print which requires correction is selected from the test prints which have been made, and the desired density corrections for that print are supplied to the printer. The density values of the negative from which the print was made are measured, and slope compensation factors are derived from the slope center values, the desired density corrections, and the measured density values. Exposures in subsequent printings are compensated based upon these derived slope compensation factors.

Abstract: A plurality of tabs extend perpendicularly from the front of a flat rectangular parallelepiped box of opaque material which stores a plurality of sheets of photographic paper. A frame member has a plurality of notches formed therein for accommodating the tabs of the box for guiding the frame member into position to maintain a sheet of photographic paper in position on the front of the box.

Abstract: This invention consists of an improvement in known measuring microscopes and the method of use of such microscope for measuring radii of curvature of contact lens surface areas by catoptric imagery, by attaching a novel lens holding stage with an adjustable lens holder to the measuring microscope below the objective lens thereof and supporting an optical contact lens, either semi-finished or finished, in said holder, with provisions for tilting the lens holder of the stage a selected angular amount about a lens holder axis and translating the lens holder along a horizontal translation axis perpendicular to the lens holder axis, both the lens holder axis and the horizontal translation axis being perpendicular to the optical axis of the microscope, the horizontal translation axis intersecting both the optical axis of the microscope and the lens holder axis, tilting the optical contact lens a given angular amount about the lens holder axis and translating the lens along the horizontal translation axis in such a

Abstract: A device for measuring ink film thickness in the inking system of a printing press which includes a pair of hollow transparent rollers, at least one of which is resilient so that when the rollers are in rolling engagement with one another and with an ink-carrying roller in the press, there is a longitudinally extending ribbon-like area of engagement between them through which an enclosed film of ink is fed in a thickness which varies in accordance with the thickness of the ink film in the press. A longitudinally extensive light projector in one of the rollers cooperates with a correspondingly dimensioned light collector in the other, the collector being coupled to a photocell having an output indicator. The projector and collector are both in the form of optical cross section transformers, the projector being coupled fiber-optically to an external light source. A filter assembly is interposed in the light path manually switchable for application, to the film, of light of complementary color.