Abstract: A device for extruding ingots, in particular for extruding light metal ingots through a shaping die placed downstream of the ingot, is provided with a scalping facility for removing an outer layer of the ingot immediately prior to extrusion. The said scalping facility is made up of a plurality of blades or similar scalping facilities which together form a scalping ring and can be moved radially with respect to the direction of extrusion, and can be released from the ingot.

Abstract: An improved wash water supplying drive head and scraper and cutter assembly for use on an apparatus that sequentially receives tubular members such as oil well tubing, with each tubular member when in position on the apparatus being straightened, having rust and foreign material removed from the exterior surface, scale and other foreign material removed from the interior thereof, and the tubular member being hydraulically tested at a predetermined elevated pressure prior to being removed from the apparatus.

Abstract: In the direct extrusion of tubing wherein the extruded tube or tubing is immediately submerged into water after extrusion and having a closed leading end, the trailing end thereof in the extrusion press is sealed off from the entrance of water by a crimping device consisting of a tool having a rounded front end which engages and forces through the operation of a piston cylinder assembly one wall inwardly of the trailing end against an opposed wall to form a collapsed double wall cross section.

Abstract: A fin pass roll for use as a single roll or as pairs of mating forming rolls for bending a flat metal strip into a desired tubular shape or a tube form. The fin pass roll is split into three sections; that is, a fin roll having a fin and fin side rolls in such a way that the fin roll may have arcuate caliber profile which are extended to both sides from the fin and merge with the arcuate caliber profile of the adjacent fin side rolls. The fin side rolls are rotatable in unison with a drive shaft, but the fin roll is so constructed and arranged as to be rotatable independently of the drive shaft and hence the fin side rolls.

Abstract: A novel punch and die assembly is disclosed wherein an intermediate punch-and-die member having an aperture defined therein floats between a punch member and a die member. Upon activation, the pucnh-and-die member remains stationary while the punch member deforms a workpiece portion into the aperture. As the deforming operation effected by the punch member is completed, the punch member seats on the punch-and-die member to clamp the workpiece therebetween, after which the biasing of the punch-and-die member into its stationary position is overcome and the punch member, punch-and-die member and workpiece move in unison towards the die member to complete the forming process.

Abstract: In abstract a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a pollutant monitoring system designed to continuously monitor and record the concentration level of a particular pollutant in a stack. The present invention incorporates an in-stack interface to condition gas samples and a microprocessor to automatically and continuously compute the pollutant level found within a stack by using input variables supplied by probes and meters located throughout the pollutant monitoring system. The microprocessor then outputs the computed pollutant levels to a strip chart recorder which in turn graphs a time versus concentration readout.

Abstract: The instrument comprises a viscometer for a product such as bitumen and a pump for transferring the product to a flat wall-type heat exchanger. A channel formed in the heat exchanger wall is brought to an adjustable temperature and the channel output is connected to the viscometer. A probe for measuring the temperature of the product is placed within the viscometer, the temperature being adjusted to an index value within a predetermined range by means of a regulator for varying the pump output and controlling the temperature of the heat-exchanger wall.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the fluidity of a liquid such as blood or serum having the steps of drawing the liquid from the source through a capillary tube measuring cell into a reservoir unit and returning the liquid back through the tube at a constant flow velocity while measurements are made. The pressure difference between the ends of the capillary tube are directly related to the viscosity of the liquid.

Abstract: A system for measuring moisture content in a porous material uses a microprocessor. The sample of material is placed on a load cell which provides an output to an analog-to-digital converter. The analog-to-digital converter provides a digital input for the microprocessor. The microprocessor is capable of providing an output indicative of the moisture content as a wet basis or a dry basis output. The system provides a highly accurate measurement of the moisture content while minimizing operator errors.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process are described for measuring linear and non-linear viscoelastic properties of viscoelastic materials such as nylon, polyester tire cord, rubber, rubber-tire cord composites and the like. The properties are determined by subjecting a sample material to a constant-rate strain displacement having a small amplitude high frequency sinusoidal strain displacement superimposed thereon, and analyzing the overall resulting material stress. The obtained properties can be used to predict and estimate actual end use characteristics of the material such as longevity and mechanical loss during performance. In the case of tire cord, this latter characteristic can be surprisingly related to efficiency of fuel consumption in automotive vehicles.

Abstract: A laser beam is directed onto a light detector along a path passing close to the spray orifice(s) of a fuel-injector spray nozzle. The photoelectric signal produced by the light detector is fed to an automatic signal-content evaluating unit. To test the nozzle for proper buzzing, fuel is applied to the nozzle at a predetermined pressure and volumetric flow rate preferably corresponding to those for which the nozzle is designed. If the nozzle buzzes properly the photoelectric signal is pulsating, otherwise continuous. To test the nozzle for seal-tightness, fuel is applied to the nozzle for a limited testing interval at a pressure lower by a predetermined amount than the opening pressure of the spray nozzle. If the nozzle is insufficiently seal-tight, drops of fuel are discharged from the spray orifice(s) resulting in corresponding alteration of the photoelectric signal.

Abstract: A method and means for determining the amount of compressional load in an assembly of clamped elements by measuring the friction between adjacent elements in the assembly. A rotatable element is positioned between two non-rotatable elements within the assembly and the torque necessary to rotate the rotatable element is measured. By measuring or calculating the torque necessary to rotate the rotatable element with a known compressional load, the relationship between torque and compressional load can be established whereby comparison of a measured torque with the established relationship permits conversion of any measured torque to compressional load in applications where element surface coefficients of friction do not change appreciably.

Abstract: A device for transferring a force, comprising a shear-loaded pin for transferring the force, the pin having at least two holes which extend in the longitudinal direction of the pin, the axes of the holes lying in a plane transverse to the main direction in which the force is acting. Strain gauges for measuring the value of the force are provided on the facing inner walls of the holes.

Abstract: An entanglement tester, for testing the degree of entanglement of the yarns such as jet-entangled, yarn, is provided. A complex yarn path is provided, having sections arranged at angles to each other, and a measuring device is provided which may be displaced by shortening the yarn path. Means are provided for inserting a pin or needle into and through the yarn, guiding the yarn onto and off of the pin by using pivoting or sliding guides that are worked by yarn tension, and the yarn is displaced in a manner to shorten the yarn path, thus displacing the measuring device until a point of entanglement is reached. The distance between point of insertion and point of entanglement may be read out, and the measuring process repeated many times without painstaking hand guiding operations.

Abstract: A flowmeter for liquids is provided having a through passageway for the flow to be measured with a fluid interaction chamber and feedback means to provide an oscillation of the flow. The frequency of this oscillation is linearly and proportionally related to volume rate of flow and is independent of all fluid properties in the turbulent range, i.e., the frequency for a given volume flow rate will be the same for any liquid as long as the flow is turbulent. Provisions are made for detecting this oscillation and a sensor is provided which is responsive to changes in the heat transfer rates to the surrounding media. Vent means is provided communicating with the feedback means for venting gaseous material from the feedback passageways so that the flowmeter can be mounted and operate properly in a vertical pipe section.

Abstract: A data collection and reduction system for a shock suppressor valve test system is provided. The test system includes a flow meter for generating a DC voltage signal corresponding to the velocity of fluid flowing through the flow meter and a recorder for recording and outputting an AC voltage signal corresponding to the velocity of fluid flowing through the flow meter. The data collection and reduction system includes circuitry interconnected to the flow meter for amplifying the DC voltage signal generated by the flow meter to produce an amplified DC voltage signal. Circuitry converts the amplified DC voltage signal to an AC voltage signal for application to the recorder for recordation of the velocity of the fluid flowing through the flow meter. Circuitry is further provided and interconnected to the recorder for amplifying the AC voltage signal output by the recorder.

Abstract: An inductance element, such as a coil, cooperates with a detector/amplifier circuit to detect the level of a liquid in a container by quenching oscillations in an electrical circuit when the liquid is brought into close proximity to the inductance element.

Abstract: A monolithic integrated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit senses internal junction temperature and converts it to a binary coded decimal output signal. The circuit compares a temperature dependent junction voltage with a bandgap reference voltage controlled by a very stable amplifier. The comparison differential is then converted to a binary coded decimal output signal by an analog to digital converter. The circuit utilizes parasitic bipolar NPN transistor elements formed from a substrate of the chip in a conventional CMOS fabrication process. The principles of the present invention are also broadly applicable to other semiconductor technologies such as integrated injection logic (I.sup.2 L).

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the automatic representative taking of samples of fermented beverages. The method consists in taking samples at several different points in height of the fermentation tank, cooling them and proceeding with a determination of the cells in suspension, measuring the hydrogen potential, the dissolved oxygen, the temperature, and the conductivity, carrying out a chromatographic analysis of the volatile and other matters in accordance with a sequence which depends on the state of advance of the fermentation, and is carried out by an automatic device. The installation is characterized by the fact that it comprises a principal conduit having a water inlet at its end and to which there are connected various sampling conduits, it continues into the exchanger of a refrigerating group and is connected to a measurement unit which has a fluid wiredrawing device at its end. The invention applies to the fermented liquid fermentation industry.

Abstract: The combination of valves consists of a double passage cross-over spherical valve with which at least one other single passage spherical valve is connected in series. The passage of the cross-over spherical valve under high pressure is connected to the partition column of a gas chromatograph or liquid chromatograph while the other passage is intended for introducing the sample and is under atmospheric pressure when the sample is injected.

Abstract: A drive means for a sampler such as is used to collect ore, slurries or other material discharged from a conveyor or other material transport device. The sampler includes a frame on which a support carriage having a cutter to sample the material as the cutter moves back and forth across the end of the conveyor is mounted. The drive means for moving the sampler carriage includes two closely, spaced, parallel rollers journaled for rotation in the cutter and arranged to move with respect to the frame. A belt attached to one end of the frame passes a first roller, around the outside of a more distant second roller, then back between the rollers, around the first roller and past the second roller to be secured to the frame.The belt preferably is connected to the frame by a belt adjustment mechanism. Reversible power means are arranged to drive one roller and to thereby reciprocally move the support carriage with respect to the belt and frame.

Abstract: A liquid micro-dispenser consisting of a barrel with a snap-on dispensing tube tip at one end containing a dispensing plunger attached to an operating shaft extending through and having an abutment ring engageable with an adjustable stop bushing threadedly engageable within the other end of the barrel. The bushing has a locknut engageable with said other end of the barrel to lock the bushing adjustment, thus locking the adjusted intake volume of the dispensing tip. A square-flanged top bushing is secured to the upper end of the stop bushing, and a protective sleeve member is secured to the top bushing and surrounds the stop bushing and the upper portion of the barrel. The barrel has a volume scale visible through a volume-indicating window in the sleeve member. The sleeve member has a large cut-away aperture providing access to the locknut to allow it to be manually loosened for adjusting the volumetric setting, and for subsequently re-tightening the locknut.

Abstract: A scan acoustical holographic apparatus and method is described for sequentially acoustically scanning the interior of an optically opaque volume. The apparatus includes an array of acoustical transducers that are coupled to the volume. A plurality of frequency divider means receive high frequency clock pulses and generate transmit electrical pulse signals to the transducers having a frequency that is a fraction of the clock pulse frequency. The phases of the transmit signals are controlled by programmable read-only-memories in accordance with the distances between the transducers and selected focal points within the volume to effectively focus the transducers on the focal point. Receive signals are mixed with the phase adjusted transmit signals to effectively focus the transducers during a receive mode and to generate high amplitude holographic signals when the receive signals are in phase with the phase altered transmit signals.

Abstract: A system and method for performing ultrasonic inspection of a length of test material with ultrasonic transducing means emitting a beam of ultrasonic energy from within sealed wheel means containing a coupling fluid therein and having a flexible cylindrical surface member transparent to the ultrasonic beam and arranged for rolling contact along the test material. The system and method are characterized by spaced leading and trailing wheel means arranged for rolling contact along the length of test material. Ultrasonic transducer means in each of the leading and trailing wheel means are oriented so that a beam of ultrasonic energy emitted from the transducer means in one wheel means will enter the test material, be reflected from the bottom surface thereof, and be directed to and received by the transducer means in the other wheel means.

Abstract: An ultrasonic inspection system is disclosed which provides for penetration of highly attenuative materials by use of the longitudinal mode of particle vibration. Separate transmitting and receiving transducers, which are electrically isolated, are utilized in the inspection system as are specially designed transducer wedges producing refracted longitudinal ultrasonic waves.

Abstract: A single pressure sensor is caused to provide a pressure measurement at two separate pressure regions through the use of a differential pressure switch whose switch over point occurs when the two regions are at a fixed pressure differential or offset. The sensor is connected to sense a first region with a sensor output signal being compared to a signal related to the count in a counter. Upon switch over the counter is actuated to make a signal equal to the sensor output signal. The counter signal, compensated for the offset, is related to the pressure at the second region.

Abstract: A differential-pressure measuring instrument comprising a main body assembly with a pair of diaphragms each subject to a respective fluid pressure. The diaphragms enclose a sealed chamber containing a fill-liquid surrounding a non-magnetic vibratable wire which is tensioned in accordance with the applied differential pressure. A magnetic field passes transversely through the wire, and electrical current is supplied to the wire by electronic circuit means to produce a vibratory force on the wire as a result of interaction between the electrical current and the magnetic field.

Abstract: A differential-pressure measuring instrument includes a pair of diaphragms each subject to a respective fluid pressure. The diaphragms enclose a sealed chamber containing a fill-liquid surrounding a non-magnetic vibratable-wire which is tensioned in accordance with the applied differential pressure.A temperature compensating inductor is connected in parallel with the vibratable-wire to compensate for variationsin the vibrating frequency of the wire due to changes in the viscosity of the fill-liquid with temperature.

Abstract: A pressure measuring system which includes a variable reluctance pressure transducer energized from an alternating voltage source, wherein the ratio of the output voltage to the source voltage is proportional to the pressure being sensed. Precision full wave rectifiers convert the source and output voltages to reference and sensing direct voltage signals, respectively. A switching regulator regulates the higher amplitude reference voltage signal to have exactly the same average voltage as the sensing voltage signal. The switching regulator also regulates a constant voltage DC signal from a regulated power supply at the same switching duty cycle as the regulated reference voltage signal, to produce a direct voltage, pressure-sensing signal which is uneffected by voltage fluctuations in the alternating voltage source for the pressure transducer.

Abstract: A probe for measuring the amplitude of high frequency pressure pulses in a high or low temperature fluid environment comprising a hollow housing structure having an open end covered by a flexible metallic diaphragm member. A transducer is located in the housing and is forcibly maintained in direct engagement with the diaphragm member. Pressure pulses in the high or low temperature fluid medium deflect the diaphragm member, which is in contact with the transducer, causing it to produce electrical signals representative of the pressure pulses impinging against the diaphragm member. These electrical signals are transmitted to electronic recording and analyzing equipment to provide an accurate reading of the sensed pressure pulses.

Abstract: A vibrating screen apparatus having plural unbalanced shaft assemblies to impart vibratory movement to a screen. Each screen assembly has a gear hub to which a pair of eccentric weights are secured in flanking relationship. The shaft assemblies are drivingly connected to one another by an arrangement including an annular gear mounted on the gear hub. The annular gear has such a special relationship to the weights and gear hub, that the act of clamping the weights in place on the gear hub simultaneously clamps the annular gear in place.

Abstract: A multi-mode indexer having a gear wheel rotatably mounted on a base; a drive bracket assembly is rotatably mounted coaxially with the wheel shaft for reciprocal movement relative to the shaft. A first pair of oppositely disposed pawls are mounted to the drive brackets to engage and drive the gear wheel during the drive stroke. (One pawl driving while the other prevents overtravel). A second pair of oppositely disposed pawls are mounted to the base to provide a positive stop action against further rotation of the gear wheel at the end of each drive cycle and to lock the gear wheel in position during recovery of the drive bracket so that the gear wheel is at all times either locked in a stationary position or positively locked to the motion of the drive bracket. Cam members are rotatably mounted on the gear wheel shaft to control the action of selected pawls and thus control the CW or CCW indexing of the gear wheel as a function of the position of each cam member.

Abstract: A multistage automatic countershaft transmission adapted for mutually independently shifting the first and second phases of the gears of a transmission to thereby effectuate a smooth gear change within a narrower range of speeds. The countershaft transmission gear is provided with a driving gear which is rotatably supported on a hub, connected to the drum of a gear change clutch, and in engagement with an idle gear supported on a countershaft upon which a countershaft wheel is fixed. The hub and the driven gear are firmly connected and rotatably supported on an output shaft. A carrier of shoes of a gear change clutch is fixed to the hub, the shoes being provided with one or more carrier elements and by means of the carrier elements engage a regulating carrier which is fixed to the output shaft and is provided with an engagement edge, a driving edge, and a rest surface.

Abstract: A gear transmission for an electrical operation means is disclosed wherein a reduction gear mechanism is provided to reduce valve opening and closing speed. The gear box has a cylindrical shape in which upper and lower plates support two gear shafts which rotatably support a plurality of pairs of large and small gears. The large gear is integrally and coaxially secured to the small gear in each pair. A small gear of a first pair of gears supported by one of the gear shafts is engaged with a large gear of a second pair of gears supported by the other gear shaft. The small gear of the second pair is in turn engaged with a large gear of a third pair of gears supported by the one of the gear shafts. The third pair of gears is rotated about the one of the gear shafts independent of the rotation of the first pair of gears.

Abstract: A cover formed of plastic material dimensioned and shaped to fit over a circular valve hand wheel having a ring of alternate ribs and recesses, the cover having an opening approximating the diameter of the recesses and yieldable to stretch over the ring of ribs for retension thereby; the cover being translucent to expose information appearing on the hand wheel, such as to indicate the direction in which to turn the hand wheel in order to open or close the valve; the cover also having areas for embossing or otherwise applying further information.

Abstract: A tool for installing an alignment pin assembly that includes a bolt with a hexagonal socket at one end, a locking nut that must be tightened on the bolt while the bolt is held against turning, and an adjustment nut which may have to be turned slightly relative to the bolt and locking nut. The tool includes a first nut engageable socket for engaging the locking nut, a key extending along the axis of the socket and slideable thereon to engage the hexagonal socket of the bolt, a second nut-engageable socket rotatably mounted about the first one for engaging the adjustment nut, and separate handles for turning the first socket and preventing turning of the key.

Abstract: A cam controlled contour turning, facing, and boring machine tool having a frame on which a first slide is mounted for reciprocable movements along a generally horizontal path and a second slide mounted on the first slide for movements with the latter and for lateral movements relative to the first slide either normal to or at an inclination of less than 90.degree. to the path of movement on the first slide. On the frame is mounted supporting means for one or more workpieces and on the second slide is mounted tooling engageable with the workpieces. The movements of the slides are effected by two cams, one of which controls the movements of the first slide and the other of which controls the movements of the second slide, the cams being rotated simultaneously by driving means mounted on the first slide.

Abstract: Means for dressing a work piece in a lathe having a rotary driven shaft includes a work holder assembly adapted to hold a drum or disc in position for dressing a cylindrical face or a circular end face. The work holder assembly includes adapter members having conical faces for engaging a drum therebetween or for engaging in a central hole of a disc. A rigid circular plate has spaced threaded adjustable bolts bearing on the disc or an end wall of the drum. Spacer members bear against the circular plate. Another bolt seats in an end of the rotary driven shaft while the adapter members, plate, and spacer members are disposed in axial alignment on the shaft. The rigid plate and adjustment bolts hold the work piece in axial alignment with the shaft, and correct distortion in the disc or end wall of the drum. They also prevent vibration of the work piece during dressing.

Abstract: A vertical bandsaw machine having a feed mechanism with a driving component movable in opposite directions in response to the application thereto of hydraulic fluid pressure. A workpiece engaging element urges the workpiece towards the cutting blade in response to movement of the driving component in one direction, while accommodating movement of the workpiece away from the cutting blade during movement of the driving component in the opposite direction. The application of hydraulic fluid pressure to the driving component is controlled by valves which are both manually adjustable and automatically responsive to the forces opposing workpiece movement towards the cutting blade.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for making cuts along the circumferential surface of a can. The apparatus includes a frame and a plurality of rollers rotatably coupled to the frame for receiving and movably supporting the circumferential surface of the can. A cutter is provided for cutting along the circumferential surface of the can. A guide is coupled to the cutter and to the frame in known registration with the rollers for movably guiding the cutter along the desired cutting path over the circumferential surface of the can.In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention the rollers are arranged so as to allow the can to rotate about its central cylindrical axis. The rollers are elongated and cylindrical in form and each has an axis of rotation generally parallel with the central cylindrical axis of the can.

Abstract: In a web cutting apparatus comprising a first cutting blade and a second cutting blade in face-to-face relationship above and below the two surfaces of a continuously moving web, the parallel travelling speed of the first and second cutting blades are made identical with the travelling speed of the web at the time when the web is cut by the joint action of the first and second cutting blades.

Abstract: A tool assembly includes first and second means which define between them a work station at which they periodically engage and release a moving web of material to perform a work operation, such as die cutting, on the web. A reciprocating shuttle has a pair of guide rollers on it which respectively engage the web before and after the tool means to alternately increase and decrease the work station velocity of the web by alternately decreasing and increasing the web path distance between the shuttle and the work station. The frequency of tool means movement is adjustable to adjust the repeat between work operations on the web. The shuttle means are synchronized with the tool means so that the work station web velocity at the time the tool means contact the web is substantially equal to the tangential velocity of the tool means.

Abstract: A workpiece is shifted forwardly and rearwardly beneath a punch and a transversely spaced cutting torch by a work table formed with a comparatively wide fore-and-aft extending throat for accommodating a die and a duct which underlie the punch and the torch, respectively. The throat is partially filled by platforms which normally support the overlying portions of the workpiece to reduce deflection thereof but which are adapted to be automatically moved out of the way of the rear of the table when the table is shifted forwardly.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel and improved miter gauge for use with a cutting tool, such as a circular saw blade and the like, by employment of a guide rail that cooperates with a guide slot in the work surface on which the gauge is supported, such as a table saw and the like. Basically, the novel miter gauge of the present invention includes base means having both a left and a right-hand locating surface that are arranged at a right angle to each other and also has joined to it the guide rail. The gauge further includes adjustable clamping means mountable from the base means for selectively clamping a workpiece against either one of those two locating surfaces.

Abstract: A turret punch machine is disclosed having upper and lower turrets each equipped to carry a plurality of tools. The turrets carry a plurality of modules projecting from a central turret section in spoke-like fashion. The modules on the upper turret are each adapted to carry one or more punching tool assemblies and the modules on the lower turret are each adapted to carry one or more die tools. The modules are attached to and rotate with the turret by interfitting connections adjacent the modules' inner peripheries, the modules being easily detachable from the turrets to allow quick tool and/or module change.

Abstract: A device for eliminating the need for a guitar player to utilize his index finger for fretting guitar strings at different frets. A preferred embodiment comprises a metallic frame having three sections extending equiangularly from a central, common edge. A second element may comprise a barr which may be placed in contact with the strings on a guitar and held tightly thereagainst by means of a tension-exerting member which releasably grips the ends of the barr and is passed across one section of the frame. The frame may comprise a single metallic element constructed in one or more various shapes. Preferably, both the frame and the barr are at least partially covered with a low friction, relatively soft material, such as Teflon.

Abstract: A percussion instrument provides a plurality of substantially horizontally disposed hollow tubes having rattle elements therein. A handle providing a gripping surface connects the tubes and the connection orients the tubes in a substantially parallel orientation towards one another. In the preferred embodiment, the handle is comprised of two substantially vertical tubular members attached to the upper hollow tube, there being two substantially horizontal arms attached to the bottom portion of the vertical tubes, with the second hollow tube being attached at substantially right angles to the lower arms.

Abstract: This invention relates to a connector plate for joining wooden members comprising a planar metal plate having at least one pair of teeth formed by being struck from the plate so as to form a single opening therebetween with the teeth extending in a direction that is approximately perpendicularly and with the width of one of the teeth at its root being greater than the width of the other tooth at its root, and the length of such one tooth being greater than the length of the other tooth.

Abstract: An improved metal stamped and formed screw is disclosed. The subject screw is stamped and formed from continuous web of metal stock to form a plurality of screws joined by a carrier strip. The thus formed strip of screws can be machine applied to prebored holes and manually withdrawn therefrom and reapplied by conventional means.

Abstract: A contact free device for limiting the relative movement of hydraulically actuated members in which the device includes a proximity switch actuated at each limit position of the members and which interrupts the supply of hydraulic actuating fluid to the members. The supply of fluid to the members is resumed when movement of the members relatively away from the respective limit position is initiated.