Abstract: There is disclosed a method for recovering energy from subterranean geothermal brines and increasing geothermal well production. The method comprises establishing a column of brine in a well casing having a tubing therein, open at its lower end to the column of brine and injecting a high pressure vapor such as nitrogen or steam into the bottom of the tubing in sufficient quantities to form a mixture of brine and vapor having a substantially lesser density than the surrounding column of brine whereby the hydrostatic head of the column of brine lifts the mixture to the surface. The mixture is withdrawn from the well and passed to a vapor-liquid separator where the vapor portion is separated without effecting any significant reduction in pressure of the produced mixture, whereby the pressure is maintained on the brine in the well at a sufficient value to prevent carbonate and scale formation.

Abstract: A power generation system and method of operation for generating electricity by utilizing temperature differences inherently present in the ocean between water near the surface and water from the ocean's depths. A pump provides relatively warm, surface ocean water to a flash evaporator where a portion of the water is flashed into steam. The steam is expanded through a subatmospheric pressure range turbine which exhausts into a condensing enclosure. The steam exhausting into the enclosure is condensed by relatively cold ocean water pumped thereinto. The turbine drives a generator and thus produces the electricity. The turbine speed and generator output are controlled by selectively introducing atmospheric air and relatively warm water into the exhausted motive steam flow. Such selective introduction into the exhausted steam flow of air and/or relatively warm water increases the absolute pressure at the turbine's exhaust end and thus reduces steam flow through the turbine.

Abstract: A method for storing electric power and later utilizing the stored power is described which includes the steps of converting the electric power to chemical energy of molecular hydrogen, reacting the hydrogen with a source of carbon to produce a hydrocarbon compound such as methane or methanol, storing the hydrocarbon compound, and then supplying the hydrocarbon compound as fuel to a generator which operates to generate electric power. In one embodiment of the invention the hydrocarbon fuel is used to heat stored compressed air which is in turn used to drive a turbogenerator.

Abstract: A subatmospheric pressure condenser has an enclosure within which steam is condensed after exhausting from an associated turbine. The enclosure is flexibly connected to the turbine to permit relative movement therebetween. The condenser also has an outer wall which is flexibly connected to the enclosure to define a vacuum balancing chamber therebetween with the outer wall being structurally connected to the turbine for the purpose of reducing the atmospheric pressure force exerted on the turbine's structure by the turbine. The structural connectors between the outer wall and the turbine intersect the enclosure and provide fluid communication therethrough between the turbine's exhaust port and the vacuum balancing chamber. At the intersection between the structural connectors and the enclosure, sleeves are attached to the enclosure in closely spaced surrounding relationship with each of the structural connectors to minimize liquid intrusion therebetween from the enclosure to the vacuum balancing chamber.

Abstract: A support configuration between a turbine and associated condenser for compensating unbalanced pressure forces on the turbine with unbalanced pressure forces exerted on the condenser. A portion of the condenser floor is elevated above the remaining part of the condenser floor, is flexibly connected therewith, and constitutes a vacuum balance plate which is structurally connected to the turbine. Due to its flexible connection with the condenser, the vacuum balance plate is permitted limited displacement relative to the remaining portion of the condenser floor and can thus transmit unbalanced pressure forces exerted thereon through the structural members to the turbine so as to minimize the condenser vacuum load on the turbine's foundation. The vacuum balance plate's elevation is greater than the condenser's adjacent hot well floor and is preferably greater than the condenser's maximum condensate height.

Abstract: An ice top meat cutting apparatus and method for forming the same, the apparatus including a frame having an upper support member extending substantially above floor level, side walls preferably made of an elastomeric material and connected to the support member and being movable between an upright position defining an enclosure having an open top, and a down position, and cooling apparatus associated with the enclosure for freezing liquid contained within the enclosure to provide an ice top having an upper cutting surface suitable for cutting meat thereon. A preferred method for forming and maintaining the ice top meat cutting apparatus includes the steps of moving the side walls to the upright position defining the enclosure, filling the enclosure with liquid, freezing the liquid contained within the enclosure to provide the ice top, and moving the side walls to the down position to provide an unobstructed upper cutting surface.

Abstract: Two air conditioning compressors connected in parallel supply an evaporator suitably valved for operation at full capacity with both compressors for maximum normal comfort cooling, for operation at half capacity with one of the compressors for half capacity normal comfort cooling, and for operation at three-quarter capacity with both compressors for maximum dehumidification of the treated air without frosting the evaporator. Waste heat from a refrigerant compressor may be used to reheat the air during the dehumidification operation.

Abstract: A method of obtaining refrigeration at a cryogenic level comprising a gaseous fluid fed in the form of an incoming stream to sustain a refrigerative load. The incoming stream is stepwise cooled and expanded with liquefaction. The liquid fluid formed is used to sustain a refrigerative load, evaporating as a consequence, and the vapour constitutes a return stream which is adiabatically compressed so as to attain a temperature close to the temperature of the incoming stream before the liquefaction thereof.

Abstract: A warp knit fabric and method of making it wherein said fabric which is adapted to constitute reinforcing plastrons for apparel is generally constituted by a stitch fabric having, on the one hand, a sheet of mutually parallel reinforcing yarns giving the fabric the required wiry properties and, on the other hand, a sheet of napped or roughened yarns which gives one face of the fabric adhering properties with respect to the fabric of the apparel or to its lining and, simultaneously, a light volume effect which provides a "fuller hand" of the frontal portion of the apparel thus replacing the conventionally attached felt-like layer.

Abstract: A piston comprises a piston pin bore adapted to at least partially contain a piston pin. The bore is finished by a roll burnishing process which substantially simultaneously prestresses, smooths and distorts the bore into a predetermined hourglass configuration.

Abstract: A pull-type fastener setting tool is provided comprising a pistol-shaped housing having an abutment on a barrel portion for engagement with one part of a fastener and which also includes a hand-grip portion, a pulling device slidable in the housing and engageable with a pulling stem of the fastener, a rotatable handle mounted on the housing, and actuating means including a plate cam arranged to be rotated by means of the handle. The actuating means also includes a cam follower mounted on an arm pivoted on the pulling device, the arm being connected by a link which is pivoted at one end to the arm and at the other end to the housing at a remote part of the hand-grip portion. The cam follower is capable of reciprocating along an arc of large radius in response to turning of the handle without moving significantly out of alignment with the pulling device.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a pulling apparatus comprising a pair of spaced vertical members each of which is supported upon a base member by a pair of depending diverging support members of unequal length which operate to rigidly support the vertical members against the forces exerted thereon during the pulling operation. An additional vertically extending support member also extends from one of the depending support members to further increase the rigidity thereof. The vertical members may each be provided with opposed channels within which a pulley is movably disposed, said pulley being adjustably supported by a chain or the like engaging a load holding assembly provided upon the upper portion of the vertical members.

Abstract: A variable volume pressure wave generator including a drive magnet; a low mass, drive coil for energization by an electrical analog of a pressure wave to be simulated and driven by interaction with a magnet; a low mass, high compliance drive coil suspension for supporting the coil relative to the magnet; a piston interconnected and driven with the drive coil; a pressure chamber having an opening for receiving the piston; a flexible, inelastic, diaphragm sealingly engaged with the piston and with the chamber; and passage means extending from the chamber for external connection.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a high pressure drop cascade impactor wherein the particles do not bounce from the collection plate; to a method for designing said impactor; a method for calculating and determining the particle size distribution of an aerosol wherein the particle size may have a Stokes (aerodynamic) diameter as small as 10 nanometers; and to a method of manufacturing such an impactor.The impactor that is the subject of this invention is different from and superior to previously described impactors in the following principal respects:1. The particles exhibit substantially no reentrainment, or bounce, from the collection surfaces. This property is achieved by (a) limiting the exit jet stream velocities such that the herein defined "bounce parameter", .beta., is never exceeded, and (b) increasing the thickness of the jet plates to elongate the jet passageways in order to reduce the jet velocities so that bounce will not occur.2.

Abstract: A process for locating leaks in an underground protective conduit disposed about a carrier pipe, and comprising the insertion of a double tracer gas into the protective conduit for the purpose of detecting leaks in the protective conduit. The process comprises the use of a double tracer gas which includes about two and one-half (21/2) to ten (10) percent methane and about ninety (90) to ninety-seven and one-half (971/2) percent argon.

Abstract: A compact apparatus for simulating the in-flight aerodynamic performance of a multimission aircraft propulsion system of the gas turbine engine variety having an external envelope of a reduced size in relation to the engine to be simulated. The apparatus includes a turbine driven by externally generated, high pressure motive air which is drivingly connected to a compressor in the usual manner of a gas turbine engine. The flow of air pressurized by the compressor is mixed with a portion of the relatively higher pressure turbine motive air so as to generate a mixed flow having a generally uniform pressure profile entering the exhaust nozzle. The compressor, turbine, mixer and nozzle are sized to produce a pressure ratio across the apparatus and a nozzle flow function which are substantially identical to the engine to be simulated, though these components are of a reduced size in relation thereto.

Abstract: An engine diagnostic apparatus includes a first transducer positioned in the oil filler neck of the engine for translating the crankcase pressure waveform into a corresponding electrical waveform having a frequency component proportional to engine speed. A second transducer is positioned to translate an exhaust pressure waveform emitted by the engine to a corresponding electrical waveform having a frequency component representative of an engine fault at a frequency proportional to engine speed. The two frequency components are compared to provide diagnostic information.

Abstract: A fluid flow measuring device comprising a hollow cylindrical housing having a plurality of recessed areas extending about a portion of the interior surface of the housing and through only a portion of the thickness of the housing; fluid flow straightening means; means for measuring the flow of fluid through the housing; retaining means having a portion inserted in the recessed area in said hollow housing and having portions substantially conforming to a portion of the exterior surface of said fluid flow straightening means; and fastening means securing said retaining means to said fluid flow straightening means whereby both longitudinal and rotational movement of said fluid flow straightening means in said hollow housing is prevented by said retaining means engaging said hollow housing and substantially conforming to a portion of the exterior surface of said fluid flow straightening means when said retaining means is secured to said fluid flow straightening means by said fastening means.

Abstract: There is provided a temperature indicating device such as a thermometer having a thermally conductive foil as a carrier layer, the carrier layer having one or more cavities formed by depression in the foil material. The depressions are filled with solid mixtures which melt at predetermined temperatures and are composed of ortho-chloronitrobenzene, ortho-bromonitrobenzene, and a dyestuff. A transparent cover layer seals the cavities and their contents. The transparent cover layer and carrier layer are bonded to each other by means of a pressure-sensitive adhesive which includes polyisobutylene.

Abstract: A liquid volume measuring apparatus in constructed to simultaneously solve the problems of accuracy of measurement, contamination of the liquid, and speed of operation. This apparatus utilizes a containing element for the liquid to be transferred, an aspiration system for filling the containing element, and a control liquid being immiscible with the liquid to be transferred to form a liquid piston to distribute the liquid without an air dead space therebetween, and to simultaneously act as a cleaning agent of the containing element. By this means, another different liquid can be dispensed by the apparatus without contamination by the previously dispensed liquid.

Abstract: An improved probe for in-service ultrasonic inspection of long lengths of a workpiece, such as small diameter tubing from the interior. The improved probe utilizes a conventional transducer or transducers configured to inspect the tubing for flaws and/or wall thickness variations. The probe utilizes a hydraulic technique, in place of the conventional mechanical guides or bushings, which allows the probe to move rectilinearly or rotationally while preventing cocking thereof in the tube and provides damping vibration of the probe. The probe thus has lower friction and higher inspection speed than presently known probes.

Abstract: A seismic responsive operating device in which a sphere supported on a seat on the top of a column with a spiral guideway around the columns to guide the sphere against a lock lever for releasing a compressed spring, a spring loaded operating arm is capable of lifting the locking lever to out of the way position to allow the arm to operate a device.

Abstract: In a gyroscope including a rotor spinning about a spin axis, the rotor gimballed about two mutually perpendicular axes and including cross coupled closed loops operative on the two mutually perpendicular axes so as to be able to detect rates about said two axes, a feedback loop is provided to cause the gyroscope spin axis to nutate in a cone about its nominal, blind, spin axis at a controlled amplitude and at a frequency which is at least close to the natural nutation frequency of the gyro and the nutation detected and changes in the nutation amplitude or frequency used as a measure of the rate about the blind axis.

Abstract: An electrical circuit interposed between the pickoffs and torquers of a two-axis gyroscope. The circuit output controls the torquers. When the pickoff signals vary at the nutation frequency, the angular accelerations produced by the torquers damp the nutation. No angular accelerations are produced when the pickoff signals are not varying and only negligible angular accelerations are produced when the pickoff signals vary at a frequency other than the nutation frequency.

Abstract: A permanent magnet, direct current torquer for a gyroscope of the two-degree-of-freedom, free-rotor, force-rebalanced type includes a primary magnetic circuit having axially polarized permanent magnets, preferably of the samarium cobalt type, and flux focusing means cooperating therewith for directing the axial flux thereof in a radial direction for reaction with fields of concentric, axially-effective, frame-mounted torquing coils. The focusing means includes secondary annular axially-polarized magnets and a further magnetic circuit to minimize leakage flux. The primary and secondary annular magnets closely surround the rotor axis so that the amount of inertia of the rotor is minimized, desirably improving the sensitivity of the instrument.

Abstract: The pushbutton tuner comprises a plurality of pushbutton assemblies arranged side by side parallel to each other. Each pushbutton assembly carries an abutment supporting member onto which there are provided two abutment members. Each abutment supporting member is mounted rotatably and angularly adjustable on the corresponding pushbutton assembly, and can be locked to any desired angular position with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pushbutton assembly.

Abstract: A manual override apparatus for use with normally, automatically, powered driving assemblies such as valve actuators, the override apparatus having a body with a bore therethrough, a housing secured to the body and having an axial bore which registers with the bore in the body, a rotatable split drive nut mounted in the housing, a drive screw extending into the registering bores in the body and the housing and mounted for axial movement therein, a camming system for selectively engaging and disengaging the drive nut with the drive screw whereby engagement of the drive screw with the drive nut and rotation of the drive nut causes axial movement of the drive screw, and a biasing assembly operatively connected to the split drive nut which exerts a biasing engagement force on the drive nut when a given magnitude of resistance to engagement is encountered.

Abstract: An anti-backlash twin gear formed by a pair of identical half-gears, each fabricated by stamping a metal sheet to create a toothed wheel provided with a diametrical spoke having a central mounting bore. The arched area between one side of the spoke and one half section of the wheel is fully excised to form an open region, whereas the arched area between the opposite side of the spoke and the other half section of the wheel is contour-cut to define a C-shaped flat spring whose foot is integral with the spoke. The spring is offset from the plane of the wheel whereby when the pair of half-gears are juxtaposed, the untensioned spring of each half gear is received within the open region of the other and the free end of the spring abuts the edge of the spoke flanking this region to effect a slight angular displacement of the half-gear.

Abstract: A vehicle transmission shift lever remotely operating a shifting member on a transmission for shifting the transmission and an interlock for locking the transmission in its shifted position.

Abstract: The improved drive system for linearly translating the sample platform of a mensuration stage along two axes comprises two drive bars, each bar having one tapered lontitudinal edge. The X-Y position adjustment of the sample platform is controlled by two manually operable, coaxial controls which are coupled to V-grooved drive wheels. Leaf springs formed in the ends of each drive bar urge the tapered edge of each drive bar into enhanced, frictional engagement with a drive wheel. Each end of the drive bars are also formed to cause the drive bar to frictionally disengage from the drive wheel as the sample platform is driven to its limit in either direction along either axis.

Abstract: A speed control device for a bicycle, in which a base member is fixed to the upper portion of a handle stem, a mounting member having a rising higher than the upper surface of the handle stem is fixed to the base member, and a speed control lever is pivoted to the rising of the mounting member.

Abstract: A rack and pinion steering gear incorporating controlled rack loading through the range of rack operation and providing optional pinion damping or braking selectively preventing or minimizing road shock forces from affecting the steering wheel without inhibiting steering motions by the driver, and providing optional improved ball-stud cross-rod construction.

Abstract: A remote control mirror, comprising a mirror support, a base having a projection fixed thereto and extending therefrom. The mirror support has a groove into which the projection extends. The groove has a bottom which is arcuate both longitudinally and transversely of the groove. The curvature of the groove longitudinally is greater than the curvature of the groove transversely. In one form, the projection has at least two contact areas engaging the groove, which have a lesser extends of curvature than the groove in a direction transversely of the groove. In another form, the two areas form a part of the projection.

Abstract: An arrangement for arresting a seat of a vehicle includes an elongated stationary element which is provided with a row of separate recesses being arranged on the element so as to correspond to a plurality of possible positions of the seat. At least two blocking elements are provided for joint movement to a rest position in which the seat is free to move lengthwise of the row of recesses; each of the blocking elements is movable independently of the other from the rest position to an arresting position in which the blocking elements are inserted in respective recesses independently of one another to thereby prevent further movement of the seat.

Abstract: A linear type of compressor wherein a housing section, for enclosing a crankshaft and pinions of a counterbalancing synchronizer, has axially extending support means for the pinions formed integrally therewith through an inner flange also integral with the housing section, so that the holes for the pinion shafts may be formed in the support means when the hole in the housing for the crankshaft is formed. This assures the making of all of the holes exactly parallel and avoids time-consuming assembly work, experienced in prior art compressor manufacturing, when the housing sections are put together. By providing a large opening through the upper portion of the support means or through the bottom of the housing an axial bore may be made to receive a piston type of crosshead.

Abstract: In a bidirectional driving mechanism comprising a rack, two pinions meshing with the rack, and gear trains through which power is transmitted respectively to the pinions from a common driving source, at least one gear of the gear train is formed as a ring gear and a plurality of variable volume oil chambers containing pressurized oil are formed between the ring gear and the shaft thereof so that driving torque is transmitted from the ring gear to the gear shaft through the oil chambers.

Abstract: An underdrive transmission incorporates a planetary gear assembly including a sub-assembly which may be shifted manually between high and low-range modes to establish direct and reduction ratio drive. In the high-range mode, the drive path is from an input member directly through the carrier to an output member, with the gears unloaded. In the low-range mode, the sun gear is grounded to the housing through a reaction plate, and the drive path is from the input member to the ring gear and from the carrier to the output member. The sub-assembly includes a slidable shift sleeve on which are supported the sun gear, carrier and planet gears.

Abstract: The speed reduction means comprises a stationary hollow cylindrical body supporting for rotation about a common axis coaxially arranged rotary input body and rotary output body. A primary set of power transmitting balls is arranged at regular intervals in two mutually shifted rows forming a zig-zag pattern between the power input rotary body and the power output rotary body. A secondary set of power transmitting balls arranged at regular intervals in a single row is disposed between the power output body and the two rows of balls in the primary set. The bearing surface of the power input body defines an eccentric portion which compresses at one point the primary set of balls in radial direction thus displacing the secondary set of balls in axial direction to meander between the two rows of balls.

Abstract: A multiple speed gear reducer embodying the present invention includes a power input shaft and a power output shaft, a plurality of load sharing gear trains interconnecting said input and output shafts, and two or more reaction gears of different sizes coaxially arranged on the input shaft and operatively connected to the gear train or trains for producing relative rotation between said gear train or trains and the input shaft. A clutch for each of said reaction gears selectively restrains the gears to obtain a predetermined gear reduction ratio between the input and the output shafts. The reaction gears are mounted on separate, coaxially arranged sleeves around the input shaft and are controlled through clutches on the sleeves to obtain a selected gear ratio.

Abstract: An index apparatus for indexing a rotary table rotatably and vertically slidably received within a base, comprises a pair of coupling members secured to the rotary table and the base, respectively, and engageable with each other. The rotary table is lifted and lowered by a hydraulic actuator. The rotary table is rotated by a drive means including a drive motor. Generating means are provided to generate a signal each time the rotary table is rotated a unit angle. Control means are provided to reduce the rotational speed of the rotary table in response to the number of signals generated from the generating means, when the rotary table is rotated to a position spaced a predetermined angular distance from a desired angular position thereof. Control means also cause the rotation of the rotary table to stop in response to the number of signals from the generating means, when the rotary table is rotated to the desired angular position thereof.

Abstract: A device to remove concentric knockouts from electrical apparatus comprising a pair of handles adapted to open and close about a pivotal point, a first and second lever attached to the handles proximate their pivotal point, said levers having a common fulcrum or pivotal point interposed one end, and a shearing and punch assembly attached to the other ends.

Abstract: A revolving cross cutter for material in web form comprises two driven knife drums, a transfer table following same in the line of transport of the web and a transport mechanism following the transfer table. The transfer table is mounted for yielding movement in the line of transporting comprising two vertical parallel flat leaf springs which are adjustably biased.

Abstract: The specification discloses a hydraulic pressure operated hand tool of the type in which the manual pressure exerted on a small-area pump piston creates a hydraulic pressure which is communicated to a power cylinder for activating a hand tool jaw member, such as a cutter blade. Preliminary take-up movement of the cutter blade into contact with the object to be severed, such as cables, pipe etc., is effected by manual pressure applied to a second pump piston of relatively large area, which causes rapid displacement of the hydraulic medium from a reservoir to the power cylinder before exertion of manual pressure to the small-area pump piston. A release valve provides instant return displacement of hydraulic medium via a by-pass communication from the cylinder to the reservoir to relieve the activating pressure on the cutter blade and restore it promptly to normal position. Interchangeable cutters are provided.

Abstract: Rings formed as slitter knives or counter-members are secured against axial displacement from selected positions along a slitter roller by inflating a number of pneumatic tubes carried in recesses formed in the circumferential surface of the roller, the recesses running lengthwise of the roller and being all located on one side of a plane containing the rotational axis of the roller. A flat is formed on the roller at a position diametrically opposite the pneumatic tubes to provide more positive location of the rings. Air is supplied to the tubes via a hollow shaft fitted to one end of the roller, the tubes being in pairs each formed from a tube of U-shape, the legs being disposed in adjacent recesses one end being connected to the hollow shaft and the other closed. Balancing of the roller is obtained by the use of different length set screws to which different numbers of washers are fitted, and also weights may be fitted to the inside of the roller.

Abstract: A bandsaw blade of Mobius strip construction is provided. Also provided is a bandsaw which utilizes such blade.

Abstract: In a construction of a transducer or pickup unit for musical instruments having strings, a piezo-electric element is fully embedded within a synthetic resin shield block having top crest for supporting strings while projecting electrode terminals outside of the shield block for direct connection to a printed electric circuit, thereby avoiding drawbacks caused by use of electric lead wires in the conventional pickup unit and damage by atmospheric moisture. The pickup assembly has unitary means for collectively carrying the pickup units at precisely uniform intervals, thereby simplifying registration of the pickup units at correct positions relative to the strings and printed electric circuits.

Abstract: In a digital musical instrument, timbre modulation is effected through the use of a digital magnitude comparator and associated digital logic. Selected note frequency signals and selected scale factors are compared in the digital magnitude comparator. Selected comparator outputs are applied to the associated digital logic in conjunction with a sample gating signal. This modulation results in a segmentation of the audio waveshape in accordance with the frequency signals selected for use in the comparator. Hence, choice of lower pitched frequency signals will result in a wider segmentation period, while choice of higher pitched frequency signals will narrow the segmentation period. Timbre modulation may be employed during note attack and/or decay.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument system comprising an electronic musical instrument body and a separate tone cabinet connected together by a cable. The electronic musical instrument body includes a plurality of tone coloring circuits to produce different musical tone signals, a musical tone signal selection circuit to select at least one of the output signals of these tone coloring circuits, and a musical effect selector; and the tone cabinet includes a musical effect imparting circuit to impart the selected musical tone signal or signals with a selected musical effect, a sound system having at least one loudspeaker connected to the musical effect imparting circuit, and a control circuit responsive to the musical effect selector for producing control signals to cause the musical effect imparting circuit to impart a selected musical effect to the selected musical tone signal or signals.

Abstract: In an electronic musical instrument of a numerical value processing type, an operation of a key causes the generation of a numerical value corresponding to the operated key and a tone having a frequency determined by the numerical value is produced. A vibrato effect is obtained by periodic modification of the value. The instrument comprises a circuit which generates a periodic signal having a portion in which the amplitude of the periodic signal increases at a predetermined rate, and a succeeding portion having a constant amplitude, and a circuit for varying the rate. The rate varying circuit sets the rate to be either a low rate that can be discriminated by human ears or a high rate that can not be discriminated by human ears.

Abstract: An electronic organ in which a manually adjustable potentiometer varies the control voltage supplied to a voltage controlled amplifier interposed between a source of tone signals and an organ output circuit with the potentiometer being connected to the amplifier by a circuit which eliminates scratching and discontinuity in the potentiometer output. The amplifier can be bypassed by circuitry for supplying lower frequency bass signals to the amplifier output under conditions of high attenuation of the incoming signal in the amplifier.