Abstract: A vacuum motor operatively connected to a slave cylinder operates same via pressure differential variations across a reciprocatable vacuum motor piston to pump working fluid from a reservoir to an accumulator through two one way valves. The pressure differential variation can be derived from gear changing of the vehicle, induced through a three way electromagnetic valve controlled by a circuit characterized by either an unstable multivibrator, a dual stable multivibrator, a thyristor or a self maintaining relay, or induced through a purely mechanically operated valve characterized by lost motion and snap action position maintain devices. A pressure relief valve may be provided which dumps excessive pressurized fluid in the accumulator and returns same to the reservoir.

Abstract: A transducer for converting the energy of ocean currents to the energy of a high-pressure fluid comprises a plurality of transducer units each including a sea-water channel, a plenum room overlying the channel, an impeller rotatably disposed in the channel and plenum room and rotatable by a sea-water flow through the channel, and a converter mechanism operatively coupled with the shaft of the impeller for producing a high-pressure fluid in response to revolution of the impeller. To prevent pressurized air in the plenum room for leaking out of the transducer unit when the transducer is joggled underwater as in stormy conditions, a pair of air-trapping chambers are located one on each side of the plenum room and open toward the channel for receiving any air which has escaped from the plenum room through the channel.

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant has a gas turbine including both high-pressure and low-pressure turbine sections and a compressor including both high-pressure and low-pressure compressor sections. One gas turbine section and one compressor section are arranged on each of a pair of twin-shafts with a closed circulation system flowing through the compressor and gas turbine sections. A nuclear reactor supplies heat to a working gas of the circulation system. Various by-passes for the working gas are provided which are controlled in response to operating conditions. In this way, the pressure of the working gas within the nuclear reactor and between the low and high pressure gas turbine sections is maintained substantially constant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for generating power utilizing press-retarded osmosis, in which a concentrated solution at a high hydraulic pressure is passed along one face of a semi-permeable membrane, and a dilute solution at a low hydraulic pressure is passed along the opposite face of the membrane to effect, by pressure-retarded-osmosis, the passage of at least a part of the dilute solution through the membrane forming a pressurized mixed solution. The potential energy stored in the pressurized mixed solution is converted to useful energy by depressurizing and repressurizing only the dilute solution.

Abstract: Evaporation device with an expansion component which may be a capillary or series of orifices of increasing cross-sectional area, an insulated housing, a coil within the housing for conducting a material to be cooled by the evaporation of liquid refrigerant, a separation component for receiving refrigerant from the expansion component and separating liquid refrigerant from gaseous refrigerant and directing liquid refrigerant over the coil, an outlet for receiving gaseous refrigerant from the separation component and from over the coil, and a storage element within the housing beneath the coil for collecting liquid refrigerant not evaporated by passage over the coil. Preferred evaporation devices also include a precooler and a liquid refrigerant outlet which permits controlled liquid refrigerant outflow.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying a cooling liquid to a condenser of a refrigeration unit. The apparatus comprises a conduit for passing the cooling liquid from a source thereof into thermal communication with the condenser, and a valve to regulate the flow of liquid through the conduit and having an open position allowing the liquid to flow through the conduit. The apparatus further comprises an electronic control for use with a source of an electronic signal, including an electronic switch having an open state in which the electronic signal does not pass through the switch, a closed state in which the electronic signal passes through the switch, and a trigger wherein, when an electronic signal having a predetermined magnitude passes to the trigger, the switch changes from the open state to the closed state.

Abstract: A closed cycle, multiple compressor, multiple evaporator, refrigeration system of the type particularly adapted to supermarket applications having a common condenser, a multiplicity of refrigerated fixtures with associated evaporators for cooling, all operating at the same temperature and pressure, all discharging into a common compressor suction header and a series of parallel compressors pumping from the common suction header to the condenser, together with a second set of refrigerated fixtures having evaporators operating at a lower pressure than that of the first multiplicity of evaporators, discharging into a second, lower pressure, suction header, from where its effluent refrigerant is pumped by a second compressor system back to the common condenser.

Abstract: An improved air conditioning system comprises a first medium in heat exchange relation with an air stream, means for controlling the temperature of the first medium to effect sufficient heat exchange to control the temperature of the air stream, a second medium having thermal storage capacity, thermal conducting means interposed between said first and second media for effecting heat exchange therebetween, the thermal conducting means being thermally coupled to a means for exchanging heat with the air stream, and a means for controlling the flow rate of the air stream through the heat exchange means in order to controllably apportion heat exchange between (a) the first medium and (b) the air stream and the second medium.

Abstract: The specification discloses a system and process for producing discrete chilled products having preselected weights from a semi-fluid mixture. The semi-fluid mixture is pumped along a distribution path to an extrusion manifold which extrudes a continuous sheet of the mixture. The continuous sheet is directed through a chilling station where it is chilled and firmed such that the sheet maintains its extruded cross-sectional configuration. A plurality of slicers continuously slice the continuous sheet of material into continuous lengths. A cutter periodically severs the continuous lengths at predetermined intervals to provide a plurality of discrete products having predetermined weights. The pumping rate, rate of travel through the freezer and periodic severing of the continuous lengths may be selectively varied in order to maintain any desired weight of the discrete products.

Abstract: Apparatus for manually producing a knit fabric comprises at least a pair of upright knitting supports with slotted top sections on which the fabric is produced and supported, and at least one curved needle having a pair of yarn-threading eyes, which needle carries yarn from a yarn supply and is manipulated in conjunction with the supports to produce stitches thereon.

Abstract: A yarn feed and change mechanism or striper (FIG. 3) has a plurality of yarn feed passages which can be used alternatively to feed yarn to a knitting machine. Each yarn feed passage is associated with a pneumatic means (22, 24, 84) for propelling a leading end of yarn to knitting needles, with a movable wall portion (34) for engaging and trapping yarn in alignment with the direction of the yarn feed passage, and a separately movable severing member (42) for severing yarn trapped in the passage.

Abstract: An agitator for a clothes washing machine including a center post extending into the clothes receiving receptacle and upon which is mounted a vertically reciprocable agitator member including an agitator element extending radially outward from the center post. The agitator element is mounted on a nut member which mates with a thread formed on the center post, such that upon relative rotation between the agitator element and the center post, vertical reciprocation of the agitator element takes place to induce turnover motion of the clothes. The center post is oscillated to cause the reciprocation by engagement of the agitator element with clothes disposed in the machine during the wash cycle. The agitator element is configured with a downwardly extending flared skirt portion having scalloped edges to increase the interengagement with the clothes. The flared shape of the agitator element causes a net downward force on the clothes drawing them downwardly along the center post.

Abstract: A lock for a railroad switch or the like, which comprises a housing having a socket at one end and an elongated shackle having an enlargement on one end and a recess on the other end for cooperating with locking members in the housing so as to be received in locking engagement therein. The operating member for the locking member is a rotatable and axially movable plunger. Springs are provided to bias the plunger in rotation to the locking position and forwardly. Pin and groove guide means is provided to maintain the plunger in the unlocking position and to allow the plunger to rotate to the locking position when the plunger is moved axially by insertion of the end of the shackle into the housing.

Abstract: A cylindrical lock with tumbler and driver pins opened or closed by a cylindrical key in which a cylindrical plug is provided with one row or several rows of ".phi."-shaped tumbler pins and the lock body is provided with corresponding driver pins of diversified shapes in equivalent rows. When the lock is closed, the driver pins brake the cylindrical plug at the lock body and thus cannot be rotated. In order to open the lock, the cylindrical key bar is inserted in the key hole of the plug. The key bar is formed with grooves of suitable angle. When the cylindrical key bar is rotated in the key hole, the grooves on the key bar will back up the ".phi."-shaped tumbler pins to the periphery of the plug while pushing the driver pins from the plug into said lock body to make the plug free from said lock body. The cylindrical key bar with special designed angled grooves will apply pressure to the ".phi."-shaped tumbler pins engaging with said plug so as to actuate the lock latch.

Abstract: A key ring that gives maximum security against keys accidentally disconnecting therefrom and getting lost; the key ring including a hook-shaped key-holding ring, the hook, accordingly, being adjacent an opening in the ring, so as to allow the keys to be hooked on the hook, a circular wheel positioned each side of the hook being each rotatable on a common pin, each wheel having a peripheral notch that must align with the key ring opening so that keys can be put on or removed from the ring, and when the notches are dis-aligned with the ring opening, the keys cannot accidentally be disengaged from the ring and lost.

Abstract: A cup holder sleeve and its support assembly for use in a drawing and ironing machine that has a circular bore and is supported for radial as well as tilting movement of the axis of the elongated bore with respect to the support. The support includes a pair of members that cooperate to define a recess surrounding a circular opening and an enlarged portion of the cup holder sleeve is received into the recess and cooperates with a cupper support element. The cup holder support element and cup holder sleeve are normally radially centered with respect to the opening by centering springs and the cup holder sleeve is normally maintained in engagement with the support element by hold-down springs. The cup holder sleeve and support element can be moved radially while the cup holder sleeve can be tilted with respect to the support element and all of the elements are normally maintained in a predetermined position by the centering springs and the hold-down springs.

Abstract: An apparatus for the manufacture, by the hydroforming process, of expansion bellows for pipelines or the like, the apparatus being of the type comprising, for contracting longitudinally a sleeve to be formed, an actuating chamber of annular configuration defined by a rigid sleeve associated with the sleeve to be formed, a cylindrical skirt, and two sealing rings, one of which constitutes one of the supports for the sleeve to be formed. The apparatus is characterized in that the annular chamber is arranged, not outside, but inside the rigid sleeve, in such a manner that the hydroforming circuit is completely separate from the actuating circuit.

Abstract: A continuously fed band is coiled edgewise into a coil so that a maximum elongation of said band occurs at its edge which forms the external diameter of the coil, whereas the elongation uniformly decreases towards the opposite edge. At one side of the band, radially extending recesses are provided. The proposed device for effecting the novel method comprises a bed having mounted thereon a band tensioning means, a straight guide and an arched guide between which there is interposed a shaping member. Recesses provided in the bed receive a rotary disc having fingers which are uniformly spaced thereon and set into reciprocating motion with the aid of a cam. The continuously fed band is driven along two guide channels, one of which is straight and formed by the bed and the straight guide. The second guide channel is arched and formed by a portion of the rotary disc and the arched guide. The shaping member is constructed as a die with a wedge-shaped head.

Abstract: A rolling machine for reducing the cross-sectional dimensions of an elongate workpiece, such as a steel billet, has two pairs of alternately operating rolls, each of which is journalled in an individual roll carrier. Each carrier is rotated about a carrier axis which is inclined at an angle of about 45.degree. to the axis of rotation of the roll journalled in the carrier. The carrier axes form the sides of a square around the passline which is normal to the plane in which the carrier axes are located. As the carriers rotate the two pairs of rolls alternately sweep over the workpiece and intermittently contact and reduce the workpiece in directions which are mutually at right angles. To avoid the formation of sharp edges to the rolled workpiece, either each roll is collared to enclose a workpiece edge, or each carrier additionally carries an edger roll which rounds that edge.

Abstract: In the high speed production of elongated metal bars, a method of slitting a double or triple stranded bar interconnected at a continuous node or nodes, in which the bar is rolled to reduce the cross-section of each strand equally, the compressive working force being applied to create lateral tensile forces whereby the strands diverge and separate. In a triple stranded bar the two outer strands are worked in the same manner to separate them from the central strand.

Abstract: Came is cut and molded by a tool having oppositely disposed cutting blades with oppositely disposed faces one of which is flat while the opposite is beveled such that a piece of came being cut produces a right-angle end on one piece and a pair of beveled surfaces on the other piece.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for producing a container or the like by deep-drawing a flat blank of a sheetlike aluminium material. The blank is deep-drawn by means of a first drawing stroke into a cylindrical container blank and brought into its final shape by means of a counter drawing stroke, whereby the inner wall and outer wall of the cylindrical container maintain their positions. The apparatus comprises two telescoping dies with oppositely directed working strokes, between which dies there is arranged at least one drawing ledge.

Abstract: A tool for straightening a bent control arm in an automotive vehicle suspion system: said tool comprising a first presser element slidably positionable on the control arm shaft, a second presser element affixable to an end of the control arm pivot shaft, and screw-nut means for drawing the first presser element toward the second presser element to thereby effect a straightening action on the bent area of the control arm. A power wrench is the preferred instrumentality for advancing the nut along the screw.

Abstract: A method for applying polarizer material to partially-finished liquid-crystal displays comprises loading a plurality of partially-finished liquid-crystal devices on a strip carrier, applying adhesive polarizer material in strip form over the liquid-crystal devices on the strip carrier, and cutting the polarizer material to desired size with non-contact cutting means.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a fluid flow containing particles of a given size is intended to calibrate the instruments for granulometric recording of particles in fluids. The apparatus comprises a chamber having an inlet port and an outlet duct to communicate with the inlet of the instrument being calibrated, and having a feeding duct to feed the chamber with reference particles. At least one portion of the chamber near the outlet duct is implemented as a horizontally oriented transparent cylinder in which a transparent duct is disposed coaxially with the cylinder. One end portion of the transparent duct tapers to a diametrical size which is commensurate with the maximum diameter of the reference particles. An inspection means to monitor the size of the reference particles is disposed above this end portion.

Abstract: An improved exhaust gas oxygen sensor of the type adapted for installation in an exhaust conduit of an internal combustion engine. The improved sensor is of the type employing a titania oxygen sensing element responsive to the partial pressure of oxygen in the exhaust gas. A ceramic insulator supports the titania oxygen sensing element and is of improved design. Prior designs have contributed to cold-working of the electrode lead wires connected to the titania oxygen sensing element. The improved insulator design has a pedestal located adjacent the passages in the insulator through which the lead wires pass for the purpose of minimizing cold-working of the lead wires. This aids in preventing fracture of the wires during their use in a feedback fuel control system employing the oxygen sensor.

Abstract: Continuous steam quality monitoring is obtained by bleeding the steam through an orifice to generate acoustic energy. An acoustic transducer is coupled to the wall that contains the orifice. And, an amplifier with a narrow band acoustic frequency filter is employed so as to produce an output signal having an amplitude that is proportional to the quality of the steam.

Abstract: An ultrasonic densitometer for measuring the density or a density related parameter of a fluid has at least one transducer assembly that transmits and receives torsional waves guided in an axially extending sensor that is at least partially immersed in the fluid. The sensor has a noncircular cross section, typically rectangular, with dimensions, aspect ratio, frequency and bandwidth selected to limit dispersion. This non-circularity creates an inverse and substantially linear relation between the density of the fluid and the velocity of the torsional wave in the sensor. To meet special requirements, the sensor can take a variety of forms including axially curved, axially profiled, segmented or longitudinally composite. This densitometer, alone or in combination with conventional auxiliary ultrasonic measuring systems, can measure fluid density, density profiles, liquid level, viscosity, mass flow rate, gas pressure, and boiling or condensation, including measurements of flowing fluids in small conduits.

Abstract: An indicating device for vacuum cleaners, or similar apparatus, utilizing a dust container. The indicating device such as a diaphragm, is under the influence of a pressure differential and is movable against a force of a spring to give a visual indication from the outside of the vacuum cleaner of the degree of filling of the dust container therein. The motor of the vacuum cleaner has a motor regulator and the overall arrangement is provided with a unit for continuously varying the tension of the spring against the force of which the indicating device is movable.This invention relates to an indicating device for vacuum cleaners or similar apparatus having dust container with means which under the influence of a pressure differential is movable against the force of a spring and has a signalling device visible from the outside of the means for continuous visual indication of the degree of clogging of the dust container.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining blood elasticity parameters, comprising a cylinder suitable to be immersed in a blood container subjected to regular oscillations. The cylinder is rigidly secured to a frame oscillating according to a vertical axis and mechanically connected to an electromagnetic device generating a reaction force; the frame is also connected to a linear electromagnetic transducer suitable to supply signals to a thromboelastogram recording apparatus.

Abstract: A force measuring magnetoelastic transducer includes a core of magnetostrictive material with apertures, in which excitation and measuring windings are arranged, and between which a measuring zone is formed, in which the dominating part of the magnetomotive force is consumed and in which the stress therefore determines the output signal of the transducer. The core further includes apertures for controlling the force flux, which are so arranged that some measuring zone portions are substantially subjected to compressive stress and other measuring zone portions are substantially subjected to tensile stress when a force is acting on the transducer. Means are provided for exciting the transducer with an alternating current of such magnitude that the signals generated by said compressive and tensile stresses, within a predetermined range of load, show deviations from linearity with negative sign for compressive stress and positive sign for tensile stress.

Abstract: A visual tire valve is adapted for mounting over a tire valve stem and includes a stem housing at one end mounted upon said valve stem, has an elongated bore intermediate its ends and an exteriorly threaded barrel at its other end having a counter bore. An axially apertured bolt is slidably nested within said bore and has three annular bands of different colors upon its exterior for indicating over inflation, proper inflation and under inflation with respect to a window in said stem housing. A second housing having an internally threaded bore is adjustably mounted upon and along said barrel and supports therein a stem having a normally closed longitudinal bore whose inner end extends into the second housing bore and partly into said counter bore and whose outer end projects from the second housing. A spring is interposed in compression between said bolt and stem. A normally seated spring-biased air flow control rod is disposed within said stem closing off air communication therethrough.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the flow rate of gases comprises the placing of a small radioactive source material in the path of the gas flow, establishing an electrical potential between one electrode and two other electrodes disposed transversely of the gas flow path from the first electrode and in the direction of gas flow from each other, and comparing the currents generated between the electrodes as a function of the rate of gas flow.

Abstract: A technique for exciting the electromagnet of a magnetic flowmeter in which a fluid to be metered is conducted through a flow tube having detecting electrodes, the fluid intercepting a magnetic field established by the electromagnet to induce a signal in the electrodes indicative of flow in a high flow-rate range as well as in a low flow-rate range. In this technique, derived from the electrode signal is a control signal whose frequency is a function of the velocity of the fluid passing through the tube, the excitation current supplied to the electromagnet being governed by the control signal so that it has a frequency which is higher in the high flow-rate range and lower in the low flow-rate range.

Abstract: Fluid flow metering and control apparatus includes a positive displacement flow meter, a pressure sensor responsive to the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the flow meter and a servo drive mechanism controlled by the pressure difference sensor to maintain the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet side of the flow meter at zero. A hydraulic motor is utilized as the servo drive means.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for linearizing the output signal of a probe such as a hot-wire probe used for quantitative air measurement in the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine which includes a log stage, a multiplier stage and an antilog stage connected in series, the probe signal being applied to the input of the log stage and the linearized output signal taken from the output of the antilog stage.

Abstract: A flow-meter having a sliding lamina interposed between two chambers and movable to vary the flow therethrough in response to deviations in the pressure difference between the chambers to maintain a constant preset pressure difference for accurate measurement of instantaneous flow rates over a wide range. A cam surface relates linear variation in flow rates to non-linear variation in the area of the opening for fluid passage.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with monitoring the temperature distribution of a surface which may not be a good emitter of thermal radiation. In the invention a member which is of relatively low thermal conductivity and high thermal emissivity is placed in contact with the surface the temperature distribution of which it is required to monitor so that a thermal image transfers from the latter to the former. A pyroelectric vidicon camera tube then examines the temperature distribution of the member.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for measuring the level and the density of a liquid contained in a tank. The device comprises a first pressure-sensitive transmitter close to the bottom of the tank, and two pressure-sensitive transmitters arranged on fixed different levels below the highest permitted liquid level, which two transmitters are compensated for variations of the gas or air pressure in the space above the liquid level. The measurement data from the first transmitter is indicated by a first indicator and the difference of the measurement data from the second and third transmitter is indicated by a second indicator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for balancing a rotor such as the rim of a vehicle. The device utilizes the rated dimensions of the rotor in determining the angular position and magnitude of the imbalance. Means are provided for correcting the rated dimensions of the rotor with correction values corresponding to the distance between the center of gravity of a counterweight utilized to correct the imbalance in the axial and/or radial direction from a measuring point on the rotor for which the rated value is indicated. Means are also provided for converting between units.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel and tire balance testing machine arranged with an unbalance sensitive member arranged along side the wheel and tire assembly, means to support the unbalance sensitive member so any unbalance forces generated upon rotation of the wheel and tire assembly will be picked up in the sensitive member, force transducer means engaged against the sensitive member in positions spaced from the wheel and tire so as to generate signals proportional to any unbalance present in the wheel and tire, means associated with the force transducer means for resolving the signals into the amount of unbalance in two planes of the wheel and tire assembly, and means for monitoring the location of the unbalance about the circumference of the wheel and tire in the respective planes thereof where unbalance is found.

Abstract: An ultrasonic system for detection of defects is provided including a pulse-echo instrument having a cathode ray tube on which an A-scan visual indication of flaws is produced and including a doppler circuit arranged to produce a doppler signal in an audible range in response to movement of a transducer relative to defects in a pipe seam or other region being investigated. The doppler signal is applied to earphones, permitting the existence of defects to be reliably determined audibly, after which the defects may be more carefully studied through the visual indications on the cathode ray tube. The doppler signal is also recorded on one track of a magnetic tape with operator's comments being recorded on a second track of the same tape.

Abstract: An apparatus for indicating at the surface, the subsea well head pressure including; a reservoir, a subsea hydraulic transmitter, a pump to pump hydraulic fluid from reservoir to the subsea hydraulic transmitter, a pressure gauge connected at the surface in the line from the pump to the transmitter, means connecting the transmitter to said reservoir, means for connecting the transmitter to the well head whereby well head pressure is delivered to the transmitter, the transmitter being located on the subsea well head equipment, a flow controlling restrictor connected between the pump and the pressure gauge and the transmitter, the transmitter having a body with a bore at one end and a counterbore at the other end, a piston slidable in said bore and connected to a diaphragm in the counterbore, the piston being exposed to well head pressure, the diaphragm being exposed to pump pressure on one side and to hydrostatic head on the other side with opposite sides of the diaphragm having equal areas to compensate for h

Abstract: A caging system for non-closed-loop gyro systems used in gyro stabilized platforms using fluid dashpots in place of automatic caging gyro brakes, torquers, or solenoids. A fluid dashpot is mounted on the gyro stabilized platform for each gyro of the platform with the linear motion of the dashpot along an axis normal to the median general rotational plane of the respective gyro of the platform. Movement of a dashpot linear movement member is greatly accentuated by the dashpot to gyro assembly interconnected linkage as roll component or pitch component amplitude exceeds designed operational gimbal roll and pitch ranges of respectively roll and pitch gyros of the platform.

Abstract: A speed-changing device for a bicycle, comprising a derailleur, a control lever and a transmitting device formed of an outer cable and a less flexible inner wire. One end of the outer cable is fixed to the derailleur and the other end is fixed to the control lever. The lever is reciprocally operable to push or pull the inner wire for allowing a movable member of the derailleur to be reciprocated, whereby a single wire can, without a return spring, lightly effect the bicycle's speed change.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two piece plastic idler pulley formed of identical portions including a hub, a web and a rim with identical fastening means on the two half portions which permit the two portions to be joined together as the idler pulley. The hub of the idler pulley has a through bore which is inversely tapered whereby the hub will flex when subjected to a workload and will capture the lubricant internally of the bore. The rim carries diverging means which extend radially and laterally outwardly from the rim to insure proper seating of power transmission means such as a belt. The diverging means also is capable of engaging the power transmission belt when it is inadvertently seated on the hub to move the belt into seated relationship on the rim for proper operation of the device.

Abstract: A driving pulley mechanism comprises at least one driving pulley consisting of two parts which are provided each with one part of a cable groove having a relatively great capacity of output transmission and are pressed toward each other by pressing devices.Each pressing device comprises a spiral spring or consists of a single or multiple leaf spring and is coupled for rotation with the driving pulley parts, on both of which it rests directly or indirectly.The driving pulley may cooperate with another (identical or conventional) driving pulley which rotates at the same speed e.g. by means of two gears mounted on the peripheral edges of the driving pulleys.

Abstract: A drive belt adapted for use in a continuous speed variator has an elongated annular body member reinforced with inextensible cords which are embedded along the longitudinal axis of the body member. A series of teeth is disposed along one side of the body member and rigid wedge-shaped members connected to the teeth have a trapezoidal cross-section perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the body member.

Abstract: A carrier film composed of an ultra high molecular weight high density polyethylene is disclosed herein. The carrier film has a pair of opposed surfaces and a pair of opposed edges. The carrier film is perforated with a plurality of circular apertures. One of the opposed surfaces of the carrier film is roughened to carry a plurality of tobacco leaves to a wrapping machine. Tobacco leaves are held on the carrier strip by a vacuum and wound and stored on a spool. After a selected aging period the carrier strip is unwound from the spool and the tobacco leaves and carrier strip are sprayed with an adhesive. The carrier strip then releases the tobacco leaves adjacent a wrapping machine and is washed, dried and cooled.

Abstract: An engine timing chain snubber comprises a pair of guide shoes fixedly supported on the engine block and extending in line-to-line nondeflecting contact with the inner sides of unsupported chain portions between drive and driven sprockets. The guide shoes prevent movement of the chain runs inwardly of their tensioned positions and thus prevent chain oscillation or vibration.