Abstract: The watering of hanging plants is facilitated by disposing an elongated flexible container under the hanging pot whereby the vines on the plant may be tucked into the container with the container detachably fastened at its upper edge to the pot so that any dripping or water spillage during watering would be caught and collected by the container.

Abstract: An elongate frame member of uniform cross-section is provided for a combined door and window frame assembly. The said frame member is adapted to divide an outer perimeter frame into two areas, one to accommodate an opening window and the other to accommodate a sliding door in its closed position and comprises a rigid supporting portion, an elongate recess of L-shaped cross-section to receive one edge of the window and an elongate flange connected to the supporting portion and spaced therefrom by an intervening web, said flange being so positioned, in the assembled frame, that a part of the sliding door when closed can engage between the flange and the supporting portion to facilitate a draught proof seal.

Abstract: A window regulator for moving a vehicle window vertically between closed and open positions, in which the window is housed within the vehicle door when in opened position. The mechanism comprises a drum and an elongated element having only sufficient flexibility to permit it to conform to the outer surface of the rotatable drum, an elongated functionally rigid track extending from the drum, the flexible element and track being cooperatively shaped such that the said element is slidable longitudinally on said track in guided relation. One end of the flexible element is fixed to the drum and the other has a bracket secured thereto which in turn is attached to the bottom edge of the vehicle window. Means are provided for rotating the drum in opposite directions to raise and lower the window. The invention is more broadly mechanism for converting motion between linear and rotary modes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lost motion coupling for connecting a propulsion device with a load to be moved. The coupling permits the propulsion device to generate significant momentum before applying driving force to the load. In the embodiment described, a traveling nut is driven in translational motion along a rotatable screw. The traveling nut is included within the lost motion coupling between the screw and a slide gate. Significant rotational momentum may be obtained by the screw before the lost motion coupling applies driving force to the slide gate. The slide gate then experiences an abrupt application of a substantial driving force to overcome forces retarding motion of the slide gate.

Abstract: The apparatus carried by a suitable handling device, and comprising a first base structure attached to the handling device and provided with vertical guides for the sliding of a first carriage, a second base structure attached to said carriage and provided with horizontal guides for the sliding of a second carriage, and an operating head carried by the second carriage through a hydropneumatic device comprising at least one double-acting penumatic cylinder for supporting said head and having its axis vertically arranged, and a hydraulic damper connected between said second carriage and operating head, the lower chamber of the operating head supporting pneumatic cylinder being supplied with a first value of pressure as to cause a fast lifting of said head, while the upper chamber of the pneumatic cylinder is supplied with a value of pressure at a lower level as to annul the upward thrust, at the same time supplying said operating head with a downward operative thrust of a constant value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved tool grinding mechanism for grinding single point diamond cutting tools to precise roundness and radius specifications. The present invention utilizes a tool holder which is longitudinally displaced with respect to the remainder of the grinding system due to contact of the tool with the grinding surface with this displacement being monitored so that any variation in the grinding of the cutting surface such as caused by crystal orientation or tool thickness may be compensated for during the grinding operation to assure the attainment of the desired cutting tool face specifications.

Abstract: A knife sharpening apparatus adjustable to maintain a knife at a preselected angle during sharpening. The apparatus includes a platform adapted for supporting a sharpening stone thereon, and a support assembly mounted for shifting along a path substantially normal to the plane of the platform. A bar used in guiding the top edge of a knife blade is mounted on the assembly for shifting relative thereto along such path. To adjust the apparatus, the bar is placed at a "zero" position on the support assembly, and the latter is shifted to place the bar against the top of the stone. The bar is then shifted away from its "zero" position a preselected distance to produce a desired spacing between the bar and the stone, wherein, with a knife blade placed with its working edge against the stone, and its opposite edge against the bar, the blade is held at a desired preselected angle.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the precision blocking of semi-finished lens blanks by the adjustment of each such blank until it occupies a prescribed position where an alloy hub or "block" is removably affixed to the blank so that it can be properly gripped for finishing.

Abstract: A pair of spaced coaxial body disks of substantial diameter are spaced apart by at least the length of an axial hub fixedly mounted on one of the disks and projecting toward the other disk, the hub having a threaded bore opening through its end adjacent to the other disk so that a threaded shank portion of an arbor extending through the other disk and threaded into the bore retains the disks in assembled orientation together with a plurality of working element supporting shafts fixedly mounted on the one disk at spaced intervals and having free ends received in socket holes in the other disk. Working elements comprising stripper flails, emery strips, polishing strips, or the like are adapted to be mounted on the supporting shafts. Sanding or polishing material carried by a hollow core received about the hub may have a plurality of sanding or polishing strips projectable from the perimeter of the assembly through spaces between the shafts for sanding or polishing purposes in rotary operation of the tool.

Abstract: A display for ceiling boards is fabricated to provide consumers with an indication of the different ceiling board designs which are available for purchase. The display is suspended at an inclined relationship for the purpose of displaying the different ceiling designs in a simulated suspended ceiling arrangement. Divider means are provided between adjacent ceiling designs to segregate the different designs and to more clearly simulate a room display for each design.

Abstract: A readily erectable and/or demountable (and re-erectable) building structure comprising a plurality of arch frames in vertical planes extending transversely of and spaced apart longitudinally of the building structure, each frame being provided with retainer means retaining the longitudinal beaded edges of flexible strip roofing material. The retainer means are of groove-like or channel-like form to receive the longitudinal beaded edges slidingly therein. Preferably two strips are provided between each pair of neighbouring arch frames such that when in position they each extend across the space between the two arch frames of each pair with the strip's width and length dimensions directed respectively longitudinally and transversely of the building structure (and such that a gap is provided between the adjacent strip ends in the structure's roof), the strips being tensioned in the direction of their length dimensions (i.e. transversely of the building structure).

Abstract: A corner bracket for the purpose of joining building walls of wood construction at right angles to one another and having a saddle to receive and effect a joining of an upwardly inclined roof hip rafter at 45.degree. relative to the walls.

Abstract: A building panel having one side complementary to manufactured siding and a flat other side whereby on fastening of the building panel to a structure over manufactured siding the one side of the panel is flush with the manufactured siding while the other side is vertical to permit mounting of a building fixture on the other side of the building panel flush with the building panel and vertically positioned.

Abstract: A strut support assembly for a partition system includes a retainer assembly projecting from beneath an upright and provided with a fastener receiving groove intermediate an enlarged medial section of the retainer assembly and the bottom of the upright. A removable strut assembly includes an arcuate attachment surface mating with the configuration of the upright exterior and a plurality of vertically spaced-apart horizontal cut-outs through the arcuate surface for the selective insertion of a U-bolt therethrough to captively engage the fastener receiving groove and rigidly attach the strut assembly relative the upright. The groove is of sufficient vertical extent to accommodate a second U-bolt for securing an additional oppositely disposed strut assembly to the same upright and the retainer assembly medial section includes an upwardly facing circular recess serving to receive and retain attachment structure carried by one or more panels of the partition system.

Abstract: Means for jointing a panel partition to an adjoining surface comprises a sole piece in combination with a joint cover member. The sole piece comprises a plastics strip applied to the edge of the partition and has two feet of dovetail form on its outer face which seat against the adjoining surface. On its opposite face the sole piece has seating surfaces and upstanding flanges for engaging the edges and faces of panels and other internal components of the partition. The cover member is an L-shaped metal section which fits externally with the ends of its limbs abutting an exterior panel face and the adjoining surface respectively and it is held in place by an internal rib engaging in a side slot of the sole piece. A supplementary flange locates it against the panel. The arrangement can provide an efficient sealed joint with the adjoining surface even if there are variations in the fitting clearances. Other additional internal elements can also be incorporated.

Abstract: A system, kit and method for erecting a structure elevated off the ground, including rigidly installing a series of posts the upper ends of which lie in a horizontal plane. Sheet material may be applied to the ground beneath the structure to be erected to impede the growth of vegetation. On top of each of the posts is placed the tubular portion of a ground saddle. Two wooden joists are placed in each ground saddle to form a series of parallel beams. The beams are fastened in the ground saddles, and on top of the beams there is fastened a plurality of plane saddle devices. Within the plain saddle devices there is fastened a series of substantially parallel joists which are oriented perpendicular to the series of beams. Other structural members are fastened on top of the joists to form the elevated structure.

Abstract: Panels are formed from foamed plastic or the like, with anchor members embedded in the inner faces and having connector engaging portions extending from one face of the panel. A pair of panels is held in spaced and parallel relationship by a plastic connector member which is slidably engaged within the anchor portions extending from the panels. The anchor portions are situated adjacent each end of the panels and have upper and lower extending portions spaced from the upper and lower edges of the panels. The connectors each have upper and lower anchoring engaging portions so that a four point connection is made between each pair of panels. Concrete may then be poured between the panels which act as forms and remain in place.

Abstract: A decorator panel construction is provided which utilizes removable and replaceable decorative panel inserts. A support panel holds these panel inserts between forwardly projecting upper and lower horizontal flanges. The panel inserts are further retained on the support panel by a pair of vertically extending elongated side channels secured to the support panel. The subassembly of support panel, panel insert and side channels, is secured to the appliance door by fasteners not visible from the front or sides of the appliance.

Abstract: A wall assembly comprising a plurality of building blocks, each of the building blocks have first and second coextensive and parallel wall portions interconnected by a third wall portion, each of the wall portions being provided with grooves therein, and a lattice member comprising parallel and coextensive runner members interconnected by spreader members, the grooves being adapted to receive the lattice member, the lattice member being operative to interconnect and lock together the building blocks to form a wall structure.

Abstract: A method of connecting pipes for pipelines in a multistoried building and a flanged pipe joint used therein. The method comprises making a through-hole in a wall or floor portion of the building through which pipes are connected, the through-hole being larger in diameter than the pipes to be connected; providing a pair of anchor bolts in the building portion on both sides of the through-hole; covering the through-hole via an elastic gasket with a pipe joint provided with a flange having a pair of collars oppositely projecting therefrom; connecting the pipe joint with the pipes to be connected; and securing the collars to the building portion by the anchor bolts to seal the through-hole so as to prevent leakage of fluid therefrom.

Abstract: The specification discloses a gripping device and method for using it. The gripping device is an elongated flat strip of flexible, elastic material having at least 100 to 300% elasticity and having an enlargement at one end and a slot at the other whereby the strip can be wrapped around objects, easily stretched as it is wrapped so as to tighten it thereagainst, and secured by slipping the enlargement through the slot.

Abstract: The machine is disclosed for banding skeins or balls of bunched or wound material such as wool thread. The machine includes a banding apparatus comprised of a plurality of individual banding units connected in a closed loop chain. Each banding unit includes a closed loop endless belt driven by guide rollers. A pocket for receiving the skein or ball of material is formed by a portion of the endless belt. An entrance to the pocket is opened and closed by use of a movable guide roller. The skein or ball to be wrapped is placed into the pocket. A printed band is also placed into the pocket between the skein or ball and an edge wall of the pocket. The pocket is then closed as the belt is rotating. One end of the band has glue thereon so that as the pocket rolls the skein or ball and band, the band is wrapped around so that opposite ends of the band are glued to one another. The banding unit then continues around the closed loop as the glue dries.

Abstract: A thin lightweight booklet and method of making the same are disclosed. The booklet is comprised of one elongated sheet folded in thirds, then in half, then in half to define pages of the same size without the use of fasteners. The sheet is folded so as to have a fold line between and adjacent the free ends of said sheet at one end of the booklet and only a fold line at the other end of said booklet. The booklet is adapted to be sealed within an envelope.

Abstract: The invention concerns the packaging of commodities into vacuum-sealed packs formed from sheet plastics packaging material. In accordance with this invention, the packaging material is formed from a two-layer laminate the inside layer of which has a much lower softening point than the outside layer. The commodity is sandwiched between two sheets of the packaging material and is passed to a vacuum chamber in which it is sealed between the two sheets under reduced pressure. Simultaneously the material is heated to a temperature at which the inner laminate softens, and when the chamber is aerated, the heated material collapses around the commodity and the inner layers fuse together around the margins to form a highly effective hermetic seal around the commodity.

Abstract: Two superimposed layers of thermally weldable material are welded to one another at welding zones delimiting respective receptacle preforms having respective open ends and connected in series to a transporting strip which extends longitudinally of the processing path of displacement of the receptacle preforms. The goods to be packaged are introduced into the respective receptacle after the two layers of the respective receptacle preform have been separated by blowing a stream of air into the receptacle through the open end thereof. Thereafter, the open end of the receptacle preform is closed and the receptacle preform is severed from the transporting strip to obtain a filled receptacle which is freely transportable. The welding operation is performed by a welding roller which has an electrically resistive conductor wire mounted thereon along such a course that, when developed into the plane of the superimposed layers, the conductor wire will coincide with the zones to be welded.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermoplastic container formed from a flattened thermoplastic sleeve that is fabricated at a first manufacturing location. These flattened sleeves are conveniently transported to a second manufacturing location where they can be compactly stored. As containers are needed, the ends of the sleeve are stiffened by forming a flange or bead, thereby providing a tubular central section with a stable cross-sectional shape suitable for the application of conventional end closures.

Abstract: A horse blanket incorporating a flexible link fastener for securing a blanket after it is put on a horse. The blanket has a pair of flanges having eyelets which come together across the chest of the horse in front of the forelegs. The flexible link fastener has a pair of bars joined by a perpendicular flexible elongate shaft member having a thick center portion which permits the rods or bars to be inserted in eyelets thus securing the blanket to the horse. The elongate flexible shaft joining the two bars allows each bar to be twisted endwise and slipped through the eyelet with the resilience of the joining member causing the bar to snap into a perpendicular position after passing through the eyelet.

Abstract: An agricultural harvesting machine having a plurality of independently supported row crop harvesting units is provided with a hydraulically operated vertical positioning mechanism for adjusting the height of the units in accordance with ground surface variations. Each unit is provided with a ground-engaging feeler mechanically coupled to a control valve which adjustably varies the hydraulic fluid flow to a single acting unit lift cylinder. The cylinder includes fluid bypass capabilities to permit continued hydraulic fluid flow upon full extension of the cylinder piston and thereby avoid a fluid system pressure and consequent temperature increase.

Abstract: A pea harvester incorporates a threshing device and a system, known per se, which maintains the device in a fixed orientation in space irrespective of the ground contours. To feed the threshing device a series of conveyors is pivoted so that these can continue to supply the threshing device without crop loss even if a local ground irregularity deflects a forward pick-up reel which discharges on to a first one of the conveyors. The pick-up reel has a width at least equal to the widest track of the harvester wheels and the first conveyor has substantially the same width. A number of cleaning stages is incorporated and peas are received from the threshing device by two inclined vibratory conveyors the inclination of each of which is adjustable. A hopper assembly for peas is arranged forwardly of the threshing device and includes an auxiliary hopper which automatically takes the place of the main hopper when the latter is moved to its discharge position.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a separable mower blade comprising a stem portion affixed to the drive axis of a rotary type mower shaft, a blade connected thereto and a slot disposed on the blade for reception of a bolt which is affixed to the stem portion so as to fasten the two together. A shroud is provided over the area of interconnection so as to firmly affix the two elements, the blade and the stem together and is so constructed to allow its easy removal so that blades may be taken off with a minimal amount of time and tools used therefore.

Abstract: Apparatus for rolling large bales of fodder has a frame with a floor that supports a working run of fodder conveying chains trained around front and rear sprockets, and fodder pickup means is coaxial with the front sprockets and feeds fodder onto the conveying chains. Endless baling chains are connected by raddles that extend transversely above the floor, with the chains carried on sprockets except in a baling run above the floor where the ends of the raddles are supported on large rotatable discs at the sides of the frame. Rearward sprockets for the baling raddle chains are carried on a rear gate that has an upright baling position; and hydraulic cylinder means swings the gate upwardly and readwardly to release a bale. In baling position the floor is tilted forwardly, and a hitch for the apparatus has rear and front transverse pivots about which it is pivoted by hydraulic cylinder means to swing the frame to a discharge position in which the floor is tilted rearwardly.

Abstract: Yarn portions, particularly yarn ends, are joined together without using a knotting technique by positioning the yarn portions alongside each other and introducing such portions through an inlet of apparatus having two passages extending separately away from the inlet. Fluid flow is directed alternately along one then the other of the passages so as to move the yarn portions backwards and forwards between two passages so as to cause the yarn portions to be joined or spliced together.

Abstract: A low-cost watch band and case comprises a receptacle for receiving a watch module, switch protuberances integrally formed with the sidewall of the receptale for actuating function switches on the watch module, and a watch band integrally formed with the receptacle for attaching to the user's arm.

Abstract: A servo-operated shut-off valve arrangement has a main valve responsive to a servo pressure and fluid pressure operated pilot valve for controlling the servo pressure. The pilot valve has two stable operating positions in which the main valve servo pressure is respectively vented and maintained. The fluid pressure which operates the pilot valve is controlled by a valve device movable in opposite directions from a center-stable position to effect movement of the pilot valve. The pilot valve co-operates with the center-stable valve device so that the pilot valve remains in the position in which it was last urged by movement of the valve device away from its stable central position.

Abstract: A drive shaft is coaxially rotatably mounted in a cylindrical engine casing and extends out of the casing. An arm extends radially from the drive shaft in the casing. A combustion chamber is formed in the arm in close proximity with the cylindrical interior surface of the casing and has an end with an exhaust opening therethrough and an ignition opening formed therethrough in the combustion chamber. A spark plug is mounted in the casing and in operative proximity with the opening of the arm. Fuel and air lines extend through the arm to the combustion chamber for supplying fuel and air thereto so that when the spark plug produces a spark in the combustion chamber, the arm rotates the drive shaft.

Abstract: A fuel control for a gas turbine engine reheat system has a plurality of metering valves operated by an electrical control circuit for regulating fuel flow from a pump to respective burners of the reheat system. The pump has an inlet throttle which is also operated by the control circuit so that pump delivery is substantially equal to the sum of the detected fuel flows through the metering valves. The value of a measured pressure drop across one metering valve is compared with a desired value of that pressure drop, and a difference between these values is used to adjust the control signal to the pump inlet throttle, and thereby render the pump delivery more nearly equal to the aforesaid total flow.

Abstract: A twin-piston (e.g. tandem) master cylinder is provided for a split braking system having disc brakes on some wheels of a vehicle and drum brakes on others. A delay valve is incorporated in the master cylinder for the supply to the disc brakes, the delay valve having a valve member controlled by one of the master cylinder pistons to initially shut-off the supply of fluid to the disc brakes after the piston has moved a short distance. A plunger moves against a control spring to re-open the supply to the disc brakes above a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: Solar and wind energy sources are combined into a unitary system for generating electrical energy. A solar collector collects solar rays, and these rays are focused by a parabolic mirror before being conducted through a fresnel tube to a container which minimizes thermal exchange with the exterior environment. The thermal energy of the rays within the container is converted to mechanical energy by a boiler and a steam-operated turbine. A wind collector converts air currents to mechanical energy which is selectively mechanically coupled to the mechanical energy derived from the solar collector prior to being converted to electrical energy.

Abstract: Gas and combined gas/steam power cycles in which chemical energy is stored in a gaseous working fluid by radiolytic dissociation at a temperature below the temperature of thermodynamic macroscopic dissociation, such that the dissociated portion of the working fluid exists under conditions of macroscopic thermal non-equilibrium. The dissociated fluid components are then recombined with the energy of recombination adding heat to the working fluid for extraction in the power cycle.

Abstract: A steam engine wherein the inlet and relief valves are subjected to balanced stresses and the pressure of steam is maintained above the critical point. The engine can be braked electrically, mechanically and with steam; the braking with steam takes place subsequent to the application of electrical and mechanical brakes. The engine is equipped with arrangements for venting the steam path prior to starting, for replenishing the supply of fluid in order to compensate for leakage through the valves and/or from the engine cylinders, and with a control system which partly opens the relief valves and closes the inlet valves in response to actuation of the steam brake.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle assembly for gas turbine drives has an injection nozzle mounted in a structural part forming an outer housing of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine and extends into a primary zone thereof. In order to prevent carbonizing of the nozzle, the nozzle has a cooling passage extending longitudinally therein and communicates with a passage supplying cooling air thereto. Advantageously, according to a preferred embodiment, the injection nozzle is formed by a central body having a fuel supply passage therein and an outer shielding member such that the cooling air passage is defined between the outer shielding member and the central body. Additionally, the central body is formed of material having the high thermal conductivity of copper while the outer shielding member is formed of a material having the high temperature resistivity and low thermal conductivity of nickel alloys.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a freezer compartment on top and a fresh food compartment below with an air duct connecting the two compartments. A temperature control system and method of controlling is provided and includes a temperature sensing element located at the top of the fresh food compartment and shielded from the stream of cold air being directed into the fresh food compartment. The temperature sensing element changes the temperature in both the freezer and fresh food compartments without changing the constant ratio of those respective compartment temperatures. An air flow assembly divides the cold air entering the fresh food compartment through the connecting air duct between the top of the compartment and the bottom. The air flow control assembly is arranged to divide the cold air stream such that the ratio of the difference in the freezer and fresh food compartment temperatures is changed.

Abstract: In the plant for collecting and briquetting domestic waste the housing has loading and discharge openings and coaxially accommodates therein a chamber for forming domestic waste into briquettes and a conveyer screw for compacting the domestic waste, operatively connected to a reversible drive. The chamber adjoins the screw and has mounted therein an abutment spanning the cross-sectional area of the chamber. The abutment is mounted in the chamber for motion therein under the action of the domestic waste being formed into a briquette and being advanced by the effort of the rotating conveyer screw. The chamber is operatively connected with a drive for being moved axially to release a briquette that has been formed and for being returned into the initial position.

Abstract: A cryogenic freezer of the elongated, tunnel-type is disclosed in which a centrally located blower recirculates injected cryogenic refrigerant at extremely high velocities through a pair of minimum size product contact chambers. In one preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the product contact chamber is variable so as to maintain minimum sizes for products of different height.

Abstract: A system for cooling cooked product by means of a shower achieves particularly efficient cooling through intermittent operation of the shower and is provided with a showering cabinet having separation of contaminated and uncontamined shower coolant. The floor of the cabinet is provided with a perforated upper surface which has imperforate troughs for receiving the wheels of a product-containing rack. In addition, at least one walkway extends along the floor and is adapted to be covered entirely by a removeable, vaulted walkway cover. Coolant passing through the perforated upper surface is accumulated and recirculated for use by the shower. However, contaminated coolant which accumulates in the troughs, is routed to a drain for disposal. The vaulted cover shields the contaminated walkway, prevents coolant from being contaminated by the walkway and directs the coolant to the perforated upper surface for recirculation.

Abstract: A compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator are interconnected in a refrigeration circuit, the evaporator discharging the refrigerant toward the compressor as a two-phase flow which is a mixture of liquid particles and superheated vapor. A flow disturbing element is located in the circuit downstream from the evaporator and operates to give the two flowing phases an increased mutual relative speed.

Abstract: An improved coupling for the core of a heated rotatable member and the support and drive for the core. The core has a surface including a first wall and a second wall spaced from and angularly disposed to the first wall which define a groove in the surface. Drive means, such as an end gudgeon, is mounted in juxtaposition with the groove for supporting and rotating the core. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the drive means is different from that of the core. A coupling, which compensates for unequal thermal expansion or contraction of the drive means and the core, has a first portion engaging the drive means to maintain support and rotation of the core by the drive means. The coupling further has a second portion extending at least partially into the groove spaced from the first wall to accommodate for movement between the drive means and the core resulting from unequal thermal expansion or contraction because of temperature change.

Abstract: A flexible coupling (10) includes a resilient body (12) for transferring torque and compensating for angular misalignment between first and second shaft members (14,16). A first pair of arms (28) connects the first shaft member (14) interlockingly to the resilient body (12) at one end (20) thereof, a second pair of arms (30) connects the second shaft member (16) interlockingly to the resilient body (12) at the other end (22), and first and second retaining members (32,34) releasably couple the resilient body (12) respectively to the first and second pairs of arms (28,30) at the opposite ends (22,20). Preferably, the resilient body (12) is of elastomeric material strengthened by a plurality of internal metal reinforcement members (86).

Abstract: In a homokinetic universal joint, an inner joint member extends into the hollow space formed within an outer joint member. Each of the inner and outer joint members has an axially extending check pin located within the hollow space with the pins extending toward one another. The check pins have an axial length which prevent the angular relation between the inner and outer joint members from being less than 20.degree..

Abstract: A stitch knitted fabric, for example a stitch bonded web of fibres, is made on a two guide bar machine with the front bar (which may exhibit missed thread patterning) knitting pillar stitches and the back bar (which may have part, for example, half set threading) forming stitches and/or laid-in sections and/or floats of thread extending over at least two wales of the front bar system and repeating over not less than four courses, the back bar system distorting, through thread tension, the front bar system and/or filling to give a pattern or texture effect.