Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a method in cultivating plants, especially forestry plants, and planting them. In this connection the plants are cultivated in slabs of a cultivating medium such as compressed peat, e.g. Sphagnum peat, with an air space underneath. The slabs provided with seeds for germination are mounted firmly, but removably on support frames provided with supporting rails, said frames together with corresponding stackable transport or carrier frames, being placed on a substructure with an air space between the substructure and the slab. After germination, the support frames with the plants are stacked in their associated transport frames one above the other. After possible intermediate storage, the stack of transport and support frames are transported to the planting site with the plants substantially undisturbed in the cultivating medium on the support frames. The invention is also concerned with a means for carrying out the method.

Abstract: Plant seeds designed for germination without substantial delay are coated with a first layer of a mixture of sugar and a water insoluble polymeric material, and have a particulate coating adhered to the first layer while the first layer is still tacky, the first layer being preferably formed from an aqueous coating composition which is cured by simple removal of water therefrom.

Abstract: To prevent gnawing damage to plant roots by burrowing rodents, a container holding a non-poisonous repellent agent in a carrier material is placed in the ground adjacent to the roots. The container is formed of an airtight material in a position in the ground its sides and top are closed while its bottom is open.

Abstract: A coupling and arresting device for a double-sashed window is disclosed comprising a pin fastened to one sash and an elongated coupling piece fastened to the other sash, the pin having an enlarged head received with friction in a longitudinal slot in the coupling piece. A two-armed lever having a long arm and short arm is pivotally mounted in conjunction with the coupling piece so that a hook at the free end of the long arm blocks the slot in the coupling piece. By manipulating the short arm the hook may be raised to leave the slot unblocked.

Abstract: A hub assembly 30 for releasably mounting a circular grinding wheel 18 on a rotatable shaft 14 is disclosed. The assembly 30 includes a hub 36 having a radially extending face 42 to engage one major side surface of the grinding wheel. A central axially extending surface 122 on the hub engages a central passage 120 through the grinding wheel 18 to center the grinding wheel relative to the hub. An annular flange or clamp member 40 has an opposing radially extending face 44 which clamps the grinding wheel against the hub. The flange is centered relative to the hub by an axially extending surface 132 which engages the central passage through the grinding wheel. The flange includes a plurality of slots 70-84 through which the screws 50-64 extend. The heads of the screws may pass through wide portion 90 of the slots, but they cannot pass through narrow portions 96. The flange may be rotated between a disengaged position and an engaged position.

Abstract: A descaling slurry is applied to a surface of an elongated metal strip from a nozzle array while the strip is moving in the direction of its length. The nozzle array is positioned in spaced relation to the strip surface and extends transversely to the strip at an acute angle so that the individual slurry streams emanating from the nozzles do not intersect and strike the strip in a line at the same acute angle as the nozzle array. The nozzles of the array are directed toward the strip surface at an acute spray angle in the direction of movement of the strip.

Abstract: A workpiece transfer apparatus is provided wherein an overhead transfer rail is arranged along and over a line of machine tools performing the same machining function, for guiding a plurality of pairs of workpiece carriers associated respectively with the machine tools. Each pair of the workpiece carriers are movable for respectively performing the loading of a workpiece into and the unloading of the same from an associated one of the machine tools. One of each pair of the workpiece carriers is also movable for transferring a workpiece from a support station disposed before the associated one of the machine tools directly to another support station disposed behind the associated one of the machine tools so that the same is bypassed by any workpiece to be machined in a succeeding one of the machine tools or having been machined in a preceding one of the machine tools.

Abstract: An improved flap sanding, surface finishing device is described having a manually operable member positioned outside a housing of the device for unwinding an abrasive strip stored in the housing in order to replenish worn strip segments. The device includes means for selectively inhibiting and enabling unwinding.

Abstract: A structural design of a tent for camping, particularly an inflatable amphibious tent which consists of a tent case, a guard tent and an air mattress connected with the internal base of the tent case. The tent case and air mattress each have a few valve holes for rapid inflation so that the tent can be erected on the land or on the water, and it is not necessary to construct supports. Since the base is an air mattress, the tent when used on land can be free of the discomfort resulting from accumulated water on rainy days and of the trouble of digging a ditch. The interior of the surface layer inner and outer annular edges of the upper annular surface and the outer annular edge of the lower annular surface of the air mattress respectively, wrap a cord or bead chain which winds about and crosses the air column of tent case so as to make structure of the tent case as a whole very firm, and to keep same balanced and stable while floating on the water.

Abstract: Mounting hardware for curtains, drapery or the like including hidden support pockets mounted in recesses formed in the rear corners of conventional window molding and conventional curtain rods having specially formed mounting brackets inserted into the pockets. Alternatively, curtain rods having depending leg segments inserted into the pockets may be used.

Abstract: A detachable insulating cover assembly for greenhouses and similar structures using plastic cover sheets for the creation of a stationary air layer, the sheets being held in place by manually clampable and releasable fastener assemblies, each consisting of a fastener base with a stem and a fastener cap, the fastener bases being detachably clampable to the base flange of T-bars which form the skeleton of the greenhouse, using transversely movable attachment members with retaining noses that reach behind the edges of the T-bar base flange in the clamped position. Several variants of attachment members are disclosed.

Abstract: A clamping device for clamping a structure, such as a door or window case, nto a frame of substantially U-shape cross-section, and which has an inner web wall with an offset portion and a sidewall on each side, comprises, a clamping body of substantially U-shape cross-section. The clamping body has a back web wall adapted to be secured to the structure and a leg wall on each side of the web wall which extends outwardly therefrom. At least a portion of the length of each of the leg walls is resilient so that it may be bent inwardly or outwardly. The substantially U-shaped abutment has a back abutment wall which is adapted to be slidably engaged into a receiving groove at the offset portion of the frame. It includes an abutment sidewall on each side which is disposed alongside the respective ones of the leg walls. A clamp member is movably disposed between the side leg walls of the clamping body and it is displaceable to move these walls into clamping engagement with the sidewall of the abutment.

Abstract: An earth anchor for securing objects in soft earth and including a plurality of anchor arms which are extendable after the anchor is moved into position. A flexible, pleated, metal skirt member is attached to the anchor arms whereby after being augered into position, the anchor arms and skirt member may be extended into substantially undisturbed earth thereby providing an anchoring surface at least as great as the surface area of the skirt member.

Abstract: A glazing system is provided in which box section beams support glazing bars by means of a series of longitudinal flanges having undercuts which receive longitudinal flanges on the glazing bars. Some of the undercuts are arranged in arcs centered on further undercuts in adjacent flanges so that the angle between the bars and the beams, or between two glazing panels supported by a single beam, can be adjusted during assembly. The system is suitable both for roofs and for curtain walling.

Abstract: Side panels, terminating with inwardly directed flanges extend from the vertical edges of an upright main panel to form a generally channel shaped unit. The lower edge of each side panel is spaced above the lower edges of the main panel and the flanges to receive a conventional sill. A bearing plate extends inwardly from the lower edge of each side panel to rest upon the top of the sill. The upper edges of the side panels and the flanges terminate below the upper edge of the main panel to form a ledge for supporting a conventional beam. A recess, formed in the upper corner of the main panel, accommodates the beam and has a beam attachment plate extending therefrom.

Abstract: A shutter comprised of laterally spaced apart extruded plastic side frame members or rails having a track on their respective rear sides which extends over the length of the member. Panels, such as louvre panels, have runners which slide on the tracks in interlocking fashion to form a shutter assembly. The shutters are adjustable to any desired window or door height by cutting off parts of the runners of the louvre panels so as to eliminate one or more louvre slats and also cutting off an equal length from the frame members. The upper and lower end panels are secured with pins which pass through the frame members so the panels cannot slide from the tracks.

Abstract: An improved simulated tile roofing panel is disclosed. The panel comprises a background sheet of relatively thin material, such as ABS in which are integrally formed one or more raised elongated tile segments, disposed in a substantially parallel spaced relationship. The respective ends of the tile segments are formed with cooperating portions so that the ends of the tiles on adjacent panels interlock to retain the panels in position, to present a realistic Spanish tile appearance, and to improve the watershedding capabilities of interlocked panels. Other features, improvements and alternate embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An interior partition system wherein with relatively few components, most of which can be roll formed from common sets of roller dies, a wide variety of interior screens or full height partitions can be constructed, thus avoiding the necessity of the manufacture and inventory of a large number of parts. For some parts, where volume may not justify the investment in the required roll sets, other manufacturing techniques may be employed, but such parts are readily compatible with the high volume components and usable interchangeably therewith.

Abstract: A panel joint for joining a non-metallic panel member and a metallic panel member. A metallic joining member having elongated slots, and metallic spacer members fixed to the non-metallic panel member, cooperate to clamp the metallic panel member to the non-metallic panel member, with the orientation of each slot and a tapered transition on each spacer member providing first and second different clamping forces in response to a predetermined vertical movement of the joining member.

Abstract: Thin sheet suitable for use as a mold and as a reinforcement in a compound structure with a poured component such as concrete or plastic has a set of punched-out adhesion projections or tongues for providing improved adhesion between said thin sheet and said poured component. Said sheet can serve as mold for said poured component and as reinforcement for said compound structure. Compound structures comprising such thin sheet with projecting tongues are disclosed.

Abstract: Pointed novel stakes which may be of metal or plastic, adapted to be driven in alignment into the ground or bed upon which a concrete slab is to be poured, are provided with lever arms engaging a lifting wire or rod upon which reinforcing material, such as welded wire mesh is supported. The upper ends of the lever arms are adapted to be moved through an arc of about 45 degrees to a vertical position, and serve to raise the reinforcing material to a predetermined position above the bed of the slab when the lifting wires or rods are moved in a lateral direction.

Abstract: An interior ceiling panel support member which is used in building structures having purlins with raised toes, the support to extend between purlins resting on top of one toe and snapping onto the other toe from below.

Abstract: An I-beam has a pair of flanges separated by a web including corrugations extending transversely of the two flanges. Immediately adjacent each side of the web interconnecting the two flanges, there is provided a flat bandlike space free of corrugations. In manufacture, a flat, sheetlike web is welded to the flanges, after which the corrugations are formed in the web.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a jacking system for use in the construction of buildings or other structures in which accurate control and synchronization of lifting points is required. The system is mainly used in lift-slab and lift-plate construction with permanent or removable columns and features an arrangement of converging control wires which activate sensing apparatus. The sensing apparatus controls hydraulic pumps placed at each or plural lifting points.

Abstract: An apparatus for stuffing cushions, mattresses, and the like. The apparatus includes a cantilevered hollow support with multiple perforations in its upper wall and selectively operable means for evacuating air from the hollow support. Cushion stuffing material is placed on the support and covered with an air impervious film advanced from a supply member carried by the apparatus and cut by a cutter adjustably mounted on the apparatus. The film closes exposed perforations of the support which are not covered by the stuffing material. The apparatus is used to evacuate the air from the stuffing material, thereby shrinking the material to allow the rapid application of a cover over the stuffing and support, followed by withdrawal of the cover and contained stuffing from the support.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a simple and economical process for packing foodstuffs under vacuum in the home in a way compatible with that achieved on a large industrial scale with the use of complex, costly equipment.

Abstract: End closures for cans fed horizontally at given intervals at a high speed are shifted in direction, one after another, to be substantially perpendicular to a support passage extending substantially horizontally, received separately by the passage rapidly and positively, and lotted out when a predetermined number has been reached by the pieces received. Each lot thus compacted to a solid cylindrical form is put into an elongate paper bag, and the open end of the bag is closed.

Abstract: Apparatus for automatically folding the end closure of a carton of rectangular cross section which includes a cover panel hinged to a rear sidewall of the carton and a pair of flanking gusset panels which are each respectively hinged to one edge of the cover panel and to an adjacent sidewall. The carton is continuously moved along a conveyor path with one of the gusset panels leading and the other trailing. A folding head moves along a parallel conveyor path and translates to a location adjacent the carton. An abutment adjacent the conveyor path contacts the leading gusset panel and folds it inward along a line at about a 45.degree. angle to its hinged edges. An arm mounted on the folding head is caused to swing relative to the conveyor to fold the trailing gusset panel inward along a line at about a 45.degree. angle to its hinged edges.

Abstract: Bottle-shaped containers of biaxially-oriented blow-molded plastic material are introduced into the space formed between the helical blade continuously rotated and the backup plate of a screw conveyor, and are conveyed in one direction to next conveyor by the rotation of the helical blade of the screw conveyor. The bottle-shaped containers are stood by at the end of the conveyor. When the bottle-shaped containers thus conveyed are aligned in predetermined longitudinal and lateral arrary in predetermined number to be stood by, they are simultaneously held by the bottle-shaped container group holding mechanism utilizing negative pressure, and are then raised from the standby position.

Abstract: A self-propelled combine includes a corn picker head having a cornstalk harvesting and windrow attachment on its underside which includes gathering guide fingers for each row for feeding stalks into a sickle cutter and either a paddle reel or rotary cutter forwardly of augers which optionally convey cut stalks to a centrally positioned discharge whereby the stalks are dropped onto the ground in a windrow or upon opening of a gate rearwardly of the augers the stalks are discharged directly onto the ground. A gathering chain is provided on one of the guide fingers for each row and includes upper and lower sections with the lower return section being displaced laterally outwardly away from the stalks engaged by the upper section. The sickle cutter is positioned rearwardly of the forward end of the snapping rollers and cutting of the stalks occurs after the stalks are engaged by the snapping rollers which rotate inwardly and downwardly.

Abstract: Two embodiments of mowing machines wherein the cutters are resiliently deflectable to within a guard. In both embodiments, the frame of the mowing machine is connected to a tractor and extends laterally therefrom, the mowers being powered from the power take-off of the tractor by a train of gears, shafts and connecting universal joints. In one embodiment, the mowers rotate about vertical axes with the cutters being rotated on elongated resilient shafts which are also rotated about a common main axis from which they are spaced. The cutters are supported near the ground by holders which permit resilient deflection of the cutters' shafts into guards supported by the mowers when the cutters encounter obstacles or otherwise are subjected to forces which cause them to deflect. In the other embodiment, the cutters are mounted on an endless member such as a chain which runs around laterally spaced apart wheels such as sprockets which are mounted on carrier plates which are connected by a rod which is spring-biased.

Abstract: A grass catching accessory attachable on a rotary power lawn mower, the device including a basket in which a plastic bag trash can liner is placed, the bag mouth being fitted around a tubular mouthpiece secured fixedly to the mower and through which grass clippings are discharged, the basket being pivotally attached to a spout pivoted on said mouthpiece, so to dump a filled bag.

Abstract: A grape harvester for harvesting grapes from vines having cane thereon in shielding relationship to grape bearing portions of the vines including a frame, harvesting members mounted on the frame for effectively engaging the grape bearing portions of the vines to harvest grapes therefrom, and cane lifters on the frame for lifting the cane out of the path of the harvesting members to thereby permit direct access of the harvesting members to the grape bearing portions of the vines and/or to the cordon wires which support the grape bearing portions of the vines. The cane lifters can be in the form of a chain conveyor, or a walking beam arrangement, or a rotating screw-like member, or a lifting rod.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating cotton type staple fibers from a fibrous sliver supplied to an open-end rotor spinning machine, said apparatus having a surface for supporting the so-called fiber beard of the sliver to be attacked by a card clothing of the combing cylinder. The dimensions and position of said support surface relative to the sliver feeding means and said card clothing are defined in dependence on the count of the sliver as well as on the gauge and staple length of the fibers to be processed. Such an optimization of the support surface dimensions and position makes it possible to attain an excellent evenness of fiber separation and consequently a good final yarn quality even with relatively low speeds of the combing cylinder, and also to reduce the risk of card clothing damage.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine control for regulating bleed from a compressor which has an engine performance map that is compressor stall stable when the ambient inlet air temperature of the engine exceeds a predetermined level and including a compressor bleed valve having a servo controlled pressure diaphragm operated poppet valve therein that is operative to bleed valve from the compressor in accordance with compressor discharge pressure conditions to extend the stall limits of operation of the compressor during engine start and low power or ground idle operation and wherein the bleed valve is associated with a thermally responsive solenoid valve controlled by a thermal switch responsive to ambient inlet air and supported on the inlet of the compressor at a point beyond the influence of engine generated heat for imposing an override pressure on the bleed valve to hold it in a closed position to prevent engine compressor bleed thereby to avoid engine power depreciation at ambient inlet air temperatures above the pred

Abstract: An apparatus is provided in a gas turbine engine for eliminating air leakage-induced vibration at natural frequencies in a type of flexible annular seal structure sometimes referred to as a floating fishmouth seal. A floating fishmouth seal has male and female sections arranged to permit axial and radial movement and still maintain a sealing relationship. In a preferred form, the apparatus for eliminating air leakage-induced vibration includes two structures that interact with the male and female sections of the fishmouth seal during engine operation. The first structure is an annular leaf spring assembly that presses a radial flange of the male section of the seal against a stationary wall to obtain frictional damping. The second structure is an annular member attached to an outer surface of the female section of the seal forming a closed-in structure to provide stability and damping. The combined effect of the two structures is to increase the operational life of the fishmouth seal.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine comprising a fan, a compressor and a turbine, wherein the torque requirements of the fan or compressor can be modulated, is provided with differential gearing to transmit all of the fan and compressor power requirements from the turbine. The differential gearing maintains an adjustable speed relationship between the fan and compressor with respect to the turbine depending upon the torque requirements thereof and the gear ratios within the differential gearing.

Abstract: An automatic defrost system in which the actual defrost time of an evaporator coil, for example, is the controlling parameter for establishing a defrost cycle. The system automatically adjusts itself so that a predetermined amount of frost builds up in the frost accumulating period.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control system comprises a comparator circuit for comparing a predetermined reference level with an output signal of a first oxygen sensor disposed upstream of a three-way catalyst for purifying the exhaust gas in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, the comparator circuit producing a signal indicative of whether the output signal of the first oxygen sensor is higher (lean) or lower (rich) than a predetermined air-fuel ratio, a delay circuit for delaying at least one of the output signals of the comparator circuit, and a delay time adjusting circuit for adjusting the delay time of the signal delayed by the delay circuit, in accordance with the value of the output signal of a second oxygen sensor disposed downstream of the three-way catalyst.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control system comprises a first oxygen concentration detector arranged upstream of a three-way catalyst for purifying the exhaust gas in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, a second oxygen concentration detector arranged downstream of the three-way catalyst, a discrimination circuit for detecting and discriminating a specific operating condition of the internal combustion engine in response to a signal representing operating factors of the internal combustion engine such as the amount of intake air and vehicle speed, and a change-over circuit impressed with the signals from the first and second oxygen concentration detectors.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating power from the motion of waves on a body of water utilizes a spine formed by buoyant sections that are joined end to end and are ballasted to cause the sections to assume a predetermined position in calm water. Adjacent sections are joined in a manner enabling the sections to pivot more easily about at least one non-vertical axis when the sections are in the predetermined position. Consequently, when the apparatus is subjected to wave motion the surge component of the wave motion is converted to vertical motion of the spine. Mounted on the spine are a number of prime movers that rock relative to the spine under the heave component of wave motion and under the vertical motion of the spine. The rocking motion of the prime movers is utilized to produce energy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and unique propulsion system that comprises a source of compressed air housed within a tank and wherein the propulsion system is adapted to selectively deliver the pressurized air from said tank to a turbine motor where the air drives the turbine motor and an output drive shaft associated therewith. In addition, a driven vacuum pump system is communicatively connected to said turbine motor and adapted to evacuate air therefrom and to direct the evacuated air back to the tank to form a hermetically closed pneumatic circulatory air circuit system.

Abstract: An hydraulic boat lift utilizing readily available city water as the pressure fluid comprises one or more lift cylinders buried vertically under a body of water with the upper ends of the cylinders protruding into the water. To increase the pressure of the water and the resultant lift of the hydraulic cylinder, a single booster cylinder and a transfer cylinder for each of the lift cylinders are provided with the piston in the booster cylinder having a larger area than any of said transfer pistons and being rigidly connected to one another so as to provide equal displacements of the booster and transfer pistons and to simultaneously operate all of the lift cylinders at equal rate of displacement. Means are provided for automatically operating the booster cylinder through a number of charge and discharge cycles to accomplish complete elevation of a cradle.

Abstract: A breathing apparatus is provided which delivers cool, air conditioned air to a remote location as much as 100 feet away from the apparatus proper. The unit is powered by an air motor operable from an industrial compressed air tank, and an oil-less pump is driven by the air motor to elevate the pressure of fresh air adequately for remote delivery. Cooling of both the drive air and the respirable fresh air is provided by radiators, and a final cooling stage is incorporated as a heat exchanger which cools the fresh air from the spent drive air, the latter having reached a very low temperature due to the rapid expansion of the air as it passes through the air motor.

Abstract: An inexpensive, statically controlled cooling rate device comprising a cassette of metal plates and cardboard insulation in a plastic bag was used to freeze platelets in liquid nitrogen with glycerol-glucose as cryoprotectant. Depending on the thermocouple location, the cooling rate in the freezing bag varied between 22.1.degree. and 38.6.degree. C. per minute, averaging 33.6.degree..+-.1.1.degree. C. per minute at the center. The post-thaw recovery of platelets frozen with this device and reconstituted in plasma averaged 88.6.+-.11.7 percent, compared to 86.1.+-.9.9 percent for nonfrozen but identically processed platelets. [.sup.14 C]Serotonin uptake after 0.5-hour incubation was 95.9.+-.1.9 percent for fresh platelets in platelet-rich plasma, 92.7.+-.4.4 percent for nonfrozen processed platelets, and 81.4.+-.11.8 percent for frozen platelets, increasing to 85.9.+-.7.7 percent after one-hour incubation.

Abstract: Heat reclaiming method and apparatus for use with a vapor compression refrigeration circuit, a heat transfer fluid, and a heat storage facility. The heat reclaiming apparatus comprises a heat reclaiming condenser connected to the refrigeration circuit for receiving refrigerant vapor therefrom and discharging condensed refrigerant thereto, further connected to a source of the heat transfer fluid for receiving fluid therefrom, and still further connected to the heat storage facility for discharging the heat transfer fluid thereto, and wherein refrigerant vapor passes in heat transfer relation with the heat transfer fluid to heat the fluid and condense refrigerant vapor. The heat reclaiming apparatus further comprises a valve for regulating the flow of heat transfer fluid to the heat reclaiming condenser; and a valve control for controlling the valve to decrease the quantity of heat transfer fluid flowing to the heat reclaiming condenser when the condensed refrigerant therein reaches a predetermined level.

Abstract: An absorption refrigeration system is adapted to be energized by plural sources of a heating system stored at different temperatures. A control system automatically selects the proper source of supply to the generator in response to the temperatures of the heating medium of the plural sources and to the temperature of heated medium entering the generator. The temperature of heated medium entering the generator is dependent upon the respective temperatures of (1) the cooling water, used to cool the condenser and absorber coils, and (2) the chilled water supplied to the load, vary in response to changing conditions.

Abstract: A refrigerant fluid is entrained within a down pipe of a closed loop water flow circuit to compress the refrigerant fluid from a gaseous state to a liquid state. A separation chamber at the lower extremity of the down pipe separates the liquid refrigerant fluid from the water and the water is drawn off. The water flows upwardly through a return pipe and pump, through a pipe for reintroduction to the down pipe at the upper end thereof. The drawn off liquid refrigerant flows upwardly through a return pipe, through a liquid refrigerant pump and through an expansion valve. The refrigerant fluid, converted to a mixture of vapor and liquid, called a "quality mixture of the refrigerant" by the expansion valve, flows through an evaporator to cool a medium, such as air, passing therethrough. The refrigerant fluid, flowing from the evaporator and in a gaseous state, is introduced to the upper end of the down pipe for re-entrainment in the water flowing into the down pipe.

Abstract: A system wherein the pulses from a pulse source or the pulses divided or doubled in frequency are selected depending upon environmental conditions, and the number of selected pulses is counted so that an electronic counter generates the defrosting instruction.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for cooling and muffling one or more pieces of exhaust emitting industrial equipment, such as a pair of vacuum pumps, is herein disclosed. The apparatus comprises a water cooling tank, an automatic water level control means for automatically maintaining the water in the tank to between a predetermined maximum and minimum level, and a thermostatically controlled refrigeration coil concentrically disposed within the tank for maintaining the temperature of the tank water to between a pre-selected range. The tank includes one or more muffling units substantially submerged in the water within the tank and pneumatically connected to the exhaust ports of the industrial equipment for muffling the exhaust noise of the equipment.