Abstract: A method and apparatus for making flared, tufted, brush constructions is disclosed. A plurality of synthetic filament tufts are picked, and the ends fused. Simultaneously, the fused ends are mounted parallel on a heat softened, thermoplastic support. Before the support cools, it is deformed to a convex configuration so that when the support cools, a flared, tufted construction is formed, suitable for mounting on a handle. The support may also be deformed to a concave configuration so that the tufts converge.

Abstract: A brush for cleaning mud from anchor chain mounts on a boat hook so that the staff of the boat hook can serve as the handle of the brush during cleaning operations.

Abstract: Apparatus for steam cleaning subsurface liners in oil well bores and the like, comprising steam head means particularly designed and constructed for radially spreading a steam stream through a substantially constant area or volume from the stream to the proximity of the releasing jet area in order to maintain the steam at maximum heat upon the release thereof into the area being steam treated. The steam head may be initially introduced into the well bore by a tubing string, lowered to a position in the proximity of the liner by the tubing string, released from the tubing string and moved downwardly through the liner by a smaller tubing string, wire line or the like, and reciprocated within the liner by the smaller tubing string or wire line for cleaning of the liner.

Abstract: Poultry carcasses suspended from the feet are carried along a straight path through a first zone where the lower legs are broken at a given level, and then through a second zone whereat opposing shearing forces are applied above and below the said level whereby to tear the skin and pull tendons from the upper legs of the carcasses.

Abstract: A method of processing fish in a machine is disclosed, which method enables the control of the time of application and of the control paths of setting members for the tools and guides of the machine and a simple structure of the latter. This controlling is useful and broadly adaptable for timed fish processing machines as well as for such operating non-timed. A measuring device determines a quantity or value to be measured in the form of travel units by the counting of pulses for each fish to be processed, this measured value being proportional to the size of the respective fish, being fed into a computer as the total sum value of the sequence of pulses, and causing a control device to start counting the pulses in turn. The computer determines control data taking into account fish and machine data stored therein, said control data being decisive for the starting times of the single setting members of the tools and their characteristics of movement.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting the entrails and/or cleaning the belly cavity of decapitated fish comprises an endless conveyor belt advancing the fish, a head belt associated to the conveyor belt and supporting the heads, and a decapitating knife extending between these belts, behind which decapitating knife there is arranged a suction device, which is arranged downstream and decapitating knife in the plane of the same, connected to a source of low pressure or vacuum and comprises a suction chamber and a suction opening. Inside the suction chamber there is arranged directly behind the suction opening a vane roller mounted to be driven, which together with the suction chamber forms a clamping or gripping face for physically gripping and extracting the entrails sucked into the suction opening. In front of the suction opening there is arranged a screen to be lifted by the fish and enabling a controlling of the suction section depending on the size of the fish.

Abstract: In an improved combing roller provided with a metallic wire mounted on a body thereof comprising a main cylindrical body and a pair of flanges coaxially formed at both ends of the main cylindrical body, a base portion of the metallic wire rigidly pressed into a right hand or a left hand helical groove formed in the main body and the working direction of the metallic wire coincide with the rotational direction of the combing roller, if one of flanges on a side of the combing roller corresponding to the direction of progress of an imaginary right hand screw imaginarily engaged with the above-mentioned right hand helical groove or an imaginary left hand screw imaginarily engaged with the above-mentioned left hand helical groove when the imaginary screws are turned in the direction corresponding to the rotational direction of the combing roller, is defined as a first flange, while the other flange is defined as a second flange, the axial size of the free cylindrical space formed at the side of the first flange is

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fiber feeding roller for an open-end spinning apparatus, wherein a plurality of projections with flat surface are formed in rows extending in axial direction of the body of said fiber feeding roller on the outer circumferential surface thereof and, simultaneously, a plurality of projections with knurled surface are arranged between the aforesaid projections with flat surface, whereby preventing harmful sliver slippage on said feeding roller and also providing a uniform nip for the sliver irrespective of the size thereof so that said fiber feeding roller may be applicable to a wider range of count numbers of spinning yarns and the quality of such spinned yarns may be improved as well.

Abstract: A knot-securing device for the laces of shoes and other laced articles comprises a strap having adjoining surfaces of hook and loop elements. The strap is positioned to surround and contact the knot when the hook surface is brought into contact with the loop surface. An anchoring element may be fixed to the device to secure it to a lace.

Abstract: A coupling element assembly for slide fasteners includes a row of laterally spaced coupling elements made of synthetic resin. A pair of warp-knit elongate webs extend transversely of the coupling elements and are embedded respectively in a pair of leg portions of each coupling element to interconnect the coupling elements. Each of the warp-knit webs comprises at least one first thread forming a wale of chain stitches and a second thread interlaced or interknitted with the first thread. The warp-knit webs have roughened surfaces having interstices into which material of the coupling elements enters for secure anchorage of the coupling elements. At least one third thread may be interlaced or interknitted with the first threads and has portions spaced longitudinally of the first threads and embedded longitudinally in the coupling elements.

Abstract: Apparatus for opening a textile gathered in rope form includes a spreading device and a centering device, downstream of the spreading device, including two cylinders, maintained with their axes parallel but pivotable in a common plane parallel to the general, desired direction of advance of the textile, between two extreme positions inclined on opposite sides of the said direction. The pivoting of the cylinders is controlled through a sensor which senses a displacement of the textile from the desired direction and acts to return the textile to this direction. If the recall action of the cylinders in either extreme position is insufficient, a respective control device is activated which pivots a spreading cylinder of the spreading device out of its normal working position, in which it is parallel to the other spreading cylinder, into one of two extreme positions to exert a further recall action on the textile.

Abstract: A process for forming a polyester textile fabric comprised of multifilament yarns having at least about five broken and fibrillated ends per square centimeter of fabric.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for forming expanded mesh sheet from deformable strip by the steps of concurrently slitting and preforming the strip to provide transverse bands of slit and elongated wire segments projecting alternately from opposite sides of the plane of the strip separated by transverse bands of unslit strip, slitting the strip at alternate bands to extend slit segments in a staggered relation and laterally expanding the slit and preformed strip. Concurrent slitting and preforming and subsequent slitting can be effected by a cluster of three rolls or by a linear arrangement of pairs of opposed rolls.The invention has particular utility in forming expanded mesh sheet of exact final dimensions for use as battery grids from lead or lead alloy strip.

Abstract: An electric lamp filament of tungsten is disclosed that has been coiled and heat-treated to at least 1600.degree. C. on a wire mandrel containing molybdenum but which is essentially free of molybdenum contamination. A barrier layer of tungsten or tantalum is provided on said mandrel to preclude the molybdenum contamination and the coated mandrel can thereafter be dissolved from the uncontaminated tungsten filament coil in an acid mixture.

Abstract: A rotary cutting blade assembly for removing rubber tread material from a pneumatic tire carcass prior to texturizing and finishing the tire carcass for retreading includes a cutting wheel rotatably mounted on an arbor. The cutting wheel includes a plurality of pockets adapted to receive and mount a plurality of cutting blades, which blades present an angular cutting edge which engages the tread material on the tire carcass substantially parallel to the carcass to slice and to remove the tread material from the carcass.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll comprising a stationary roll support and a roll shell rotatable about the stationary support. The roll shell is supported upon pressure or support elements which can be activated by pressurized fluid medium at different pressures. At the end of the stationary support there is arranged a supply head means containing pressure regulators, a common infeed line or conduit and outfeed channels, leading to the pressure or support elements. At the center of the supply head means there is formed a relief bore which is connected with the outfeed channels, provided with a slide and serves for the rapid lowering of the pressure which is effective at the pressure or support elements. The pressure regulators are arranged in a star-like configuration at the supply head means.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll having a roll shell rotatably mounted at its ends at a stationary roll support. Pressure or support elements are located between the roll shell and the roll support. The bearing or mounting arrangement of the roll shell at the roll support is provided with play, in a direction opposite to the direction of application of the force exerted by the pressure elements. In such play there is effective a force opposing the direction of the force of the pressure elements. If this force is exceeded by the force of the pressure elements, then a control device limits the force exerted by the pressure elements to a value which is not dangerous for the roll shell. According to a preferred construction the control device is constituted by a hydraulic shutoff element which, in the case of a hydraulic controlled deflection roll, opens an outflow channel leading from the pressure line or conduit, and thus, lowers the pressure effective in the pressure line.

Abstract: A method of restoring the shroud of a turbine blade which has become worn, and particularly those edges of the shroud in the vicinity of what is commonly known as the Z-notch, which comprises the steps of grinding down the shroud in the vicinity of said notch to an accurately predetermined dimension with respect to the original geometry of the shroud, placing the blade in a fixture having a masking member with a slot in it, such that the Z-notch of the blade is disposed substantially in alignment with the slot, and depositing, by means of a plasma spray, a metal alloy onto those edges in an amount just sufficient to build up the same essentially to their original dimensions. Following the plasma spraying, the built-up edges are sintered at a temperature on the order of 1900.degree. F. or more, to more firmly bond the built-up layer to the base metal. The blade is then cooled.

Abstract: A piston and cylinder type thermal device having a resilient stem seat provided with an opening in one end thereof and receiving an actuating stem in the opening that is adapted to reciprocate in the opening in response to the thermal expansion and contraction of a charge of material in the device and operatively acting on the stem seat adjacent the other end thereof. The opening includes one portion thereof adjacent the other end of the stem seat that is substantially smaller in diameter than the diameter of the portion of the stem that is to be received that one portion when the stem seat is in the unassembled condition thereof. The opening further includes another portion thereof adjacent the one end of the stem seat that is substantially smaller in diameter than the diameter of the portion of the stem that is to be received in said other portion when the stem seat is in the unassembled condition thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing highly effective head exchanger elements of the type which comprise corrugated surface enlarging members of strip material fixed to thin walled substrates. The strip material which can be either pre-corrugated or corrugated synchronously with the heat exchanger element manufacturing process is advanced concurrently with a substrate material to a station at which the strip is lightly held in firm abutment with the substrate material by means of an impinging stream of gaseous medium and simultaneously metallurgically bonded to the substrate. The composite product is then cut into lengths to form finished heat exchanger elements.

Abstract: A tool for aiding in the fitting or refitting of elastic O-ring-type seals is provided. The tool includes a plurality of frustoconical sections, each section being especially adapted to be releasably retained on a member to which an O-ring is to be fitted. The sections also interfit so that they can be assembled in end-to-end relationship. Retaining structure for maintaining the sections in assembled form can also be included. Storage cavities may be formed in some of the sections for storing such items as O-rings. The tool is especially adapted for fitting O-rings to faucet valve stems of various sizes.

Abstract: A device for use in replacing a bowstring of a compound bow and for storing a compound bow in a partially de-tensioned condition without the need to retune the compound bow upon replacement of the bowstring. A connector including a socket for holding a bowstring fastener which is fixed on the end of one of the cables, and a retainer for maintaining the connector in engagement with the cable, are located at each end of elongate linking means including a lever-operated tensioner. The device is installed on the cables of a compound bow while the bowstring is installed, and the lever-operated tensioner is used to slacken the bowstring, allowing its replacement or removal. With the bowstring removed from the fastener the tensioning device may be extended to reduce tension on the bow to a value below that existent when the bowstring is installed, without completely loosening the cables. A turnbuckle is provided to enable the device to be adjusted for use with compound bows having bowstrings of various lengths.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of severing a continuous flexible reinforced elastomeric conduit supported on a plurality of elongated rigid mandrels disposed in connected end-to-end relation is provided with the apparatus and method enabling cutting through the conduit at each end of each mandrel so that each mandrel has a length of conduit therearound which is approximately equal to the length of the mandrel.

Abstract: The expander system is utilized for installation and removal of a rubber t over an underwater transducer. The installation system comprises a vacuum tank, adjusting sleeves, boot spreader and C clamps. The rubber boot is expanded at both ends by means of the boot spreader and then is expanded along its sidewall in a radial direction by means of a differential pressure created by pulling a vacuum on the outside surface of the rubber boot. The boot is then slipped on the transducer. For removal of the boot a short handled hook tool is used in place of the boot spreader. The method again includes pulling a vacuum on the outside surface of the rubber boot so the boot expands enabling the removal of the transducer.

Abstract: An electric motor which has an extended service life in high moisture environments. The motor includes non-moisture absorbing (i.e., non-hygroscopic) electrical insulation applied to the magnet wires comprising the stator coils of the motor, non-moisture absorbing ground insulation, a double-cured protective insulation coating applied to the stator coils and to the electrical connections thereof, and a connector insulation cap which effectively seals moisture out of the stator coil electrical connections. A method of manufacturing such moisture resistant motors is also disclosed.

Abstract: An armature commutator associated with a slotted core is constructed with a temporary tang structure which is employed during winding on a tang-type winding machine. After the core is wound and the commutator bars are connected, the temporary tang structure is removed resulting in a lead loop-type wound commutator.

Abstract: A cylindrical, ironless, self-supporting rotor coil for use in an electrical dc-machine is disclosed. The coil is formed by at least one layer of wire in which the wire is at least in part placed in an oblique direction with respect to the generatrixes of the cylindrical rotor surface. The wire comprises a central core, an insulating layer and an outer layer of a supporting material capable of being softened during or after winding and subsequently solidified. The coil is made with a final winding pitch such that the insulating layers of adjacent wire parts are at least nearly in contact, the supporting material filling the remaining spaces between the insulating layers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for installing wicking in a formed candle body; the apparatus comprising a bore forming station, a clean out station, a feeding station, and conveying means for moving a candle body from one station to the next station in the process of inserting a wick therein. A novel candle product is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for the insertion of pre-wound coils into the slots of a stator of a rotary electric machine. The device comprises a cylindrical finger holder having on its periphery an annular series of longitudinal grooves, housing a series of fingers which extend beyond one end of the finger holder to receive the pre-wound coils. At the other end of the cylindrical finger holder opposite that from which the fingers extend is an end portion which is insertable into a stator and is provided with reference means for determining the correct angular orientation of the finger holder and the fingers with respect to the stator slots when the said other end portion of the finger holder is inserted into the interior of a stator.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing taped coils of sheet material comprises an intermittently operable feed roll mechanism for feeding a continuous web of sheet material through an intermittently operable web shear mechanism to an intermittently operable coiling mechanism on which coils are wound and which has an intermittently operable adhesive tape dispensing and applying mechanism associated therewith to tape the wound coil after web severance.

Abstract: A knife guide device for the opening of the paper cartons in general use for milk and other liquids. It is designed to work well with any sharp knife, and it works equally well right or left handed. It leaves a clean cut spout for pouring or drinking, and it does away with the heavy laminated paper flange sealing that part of the carton and with most of the fuzzy coat of the broken seal that remains when it is torn open with the fingers as originally intended. It makes subsequent openings and closings of the spout much easier and neater. The knife guide device comprises a guide surface with a slot that fits over and around the sealed flange of the container to be opened, a tang that hooks underneath the not to be cut end of the flange, and a handle with two gauge notches to indicate the exact point for the vertical cut to be made before applying the guide blade to make the horizontal cut of the paper flange.

Abstract: A shearing device for shearing sheep. The shears include a hollow handpiece, comb, fork, cutter, and tensioning arm. The comb has a planar face and is rigidly attached to the front of the handpiece. The fork is pivotally mounted within the handpiece with the cutter attached to one of its ends and supported in sliding engagement with the comb's planar face. An arrangement for adjusting the pressure with which the cutter engages the comb includes the tensioning arm which is pivotally mounted with a first end portion abutting the fork and a second end portion extending along a fixed, pivotal axis that is colinear with the pivotal axis of the fork. The adjusting device applies a force to the second end portion of the tensioning arm symmetrically about and axially along the fixed, pivotal axis and the tensioning arm serves to transfer this force to the fork symmetrically about and axially along another axis that is perpendicular to the planar face of the comb.

Abstract: A solid water-soluble lubricating shaving aid is provided as an adherent coating on a razor blade. The solid coating contains polyethylene oxide as a lubricant.

Abstract: An improved specialized punch designed to produce, in a single motion, one or more openings through a tough plastic lid of the type used as covers for disposable beverage cups. The punch employs a scissor action and includes a pair of handles having mating jaws one of which has one or more punching dies and the second, an anvil with matching openings arranged in an concave arcuate array. In one embodiment the main jaws include a stop which limits the advance of the jaws onto a lid and properly positions the jaws for piercing the lid. The jaw likewise includes a guide which holds the upstanding rim of the lid for precise positioning during punching. In another embodiment the punch presents the appearance of an office stapler and includes an arcuate shaped male cutting die and a plurality of guide grooves for different size lids.

Abstract: A caliper rule device capable of measuring the inside and outside dimensions of objects which vary widely in size. A block and an elongate bar are attached to a scaled rule and to a slide member on the rule. The block has a pair of openings for alternately receiving a pin, depending upon whether an inside or outside dimension is to be measured. The bar has a plurality of spaced openings along its length for mounting a second pin.

Abstract: A caliper-type transducer for measuring a workpiece includes a pair of non-crossing pivot arms each having a contact end and a transducer end. The arms are interconnected for frictionless pivotal movement by a fixed pivot block and spring members which act to limit the displacement of the arms to complemental displacement in the plane of measurement. One arm carries two reactive elements mounted in spaced opposed relationship such that the transducer end of the other arm may be disposed therebetween to vary the reactances according to movement of the caliper ends which cause corresponding movement in their respective transducer ends. The change in reactances of the reactive elements are differentially sensed as the arms are displaced from an initial position when measuring the workpiece.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a guide rule for aligning and facilitating mounting of a protective side moulding to a side panel of a vehicle, with said side moulding in a substantially straight line orientation. The guide rule includes a continuous elongated strip of flexible magnetic material, preferably of the type having a plurality of magnetized particles embedded in or impregnated in an elastomeric material, said strip being of a first thickness, and an elongated strip of metallic material, preferably spring steel, laminated to the flexible strip. The metallic strip is provided with substantially linear, parallel elongate edges and has a width dimension which is at least equal to the width dimension of the flexible strip, and a thickness substantially less than the thickness of said flexible strip. The magnetized flexible strip provides means for securely attaching the guide rule to an auto side panel, and the metallic strip provides a rigid, rectilinear support surface for the side moulding.

Abstract: A mechanical point locator and distance divider provides for quick and reliable division of a distance into an integral fraction of the distance, being useful for drafting, with maps or charts, in the construction industry and around the home. Leading and trailing indicators are slidably mounted on a base or housing, and a cord and pulleys appropriately interconnect them to cause the trailing indicator to move at a speed and for a distance which are an integral fraction of the speed and distance the leading indicator is moved by the operator. Provision is made for assuring the return of the trailing indicator according to the same desired relationship with respect to the return of the leading indicator. Half-point and third-point locators are specifically described, but the principles of the invention enable the provision of any fractional point locator wherein the distance desired to be located is an integral fraction of a distance to which the device is applied.

Abstract: A base plate is attached to the midsection of an archery bow, and a pair of spaced, aligned rings fastened to the base plate for supporting a telescopic sight.

Abstract: A method of preshrinking a semipermeable membrane or blood bag of the type used in an artificial-kidney coil dialyzer, so as to prevent or minimize shrinkage of the membrane during sterilization of the dialyzer. The preshrinking method of the present invention includes the steps of passing the membrane through a humidity chamber in a free-hanging state and then into a warm air drying chamber. The amount of membrane shrinkage can be controlled by varying the residence time, the temperature and the humidity of the chamber. By preshrinking the membrane to approximate the amount of shrinkage which normally occurs during the sterilization, substantially all shrinkage during sterilization is eliminated.

Abstract: A lateral exhaust manifold system for the preheat section of a tunnel kiln comprises a longitudinal duct and input tube. The duct is triangular in shape and has a plurality of spaced apart apertures and a corresponding plurality of cones, the large diameter end of each cone circumposing a respective one of said apertures. The input tube is disposed adjacent the opposite side of the tunnel kiln and has a plurality of spaced apart jets each disposed opposite a respective aperture in the longitudinal duct, and a plurality of spaced apart apertures each located intermediate the jets, the spaced apart apertures and for venting air laterally across the kiln and upwardly along the adjacent wall. A blower vents an exhaust stack connected to an end of the duct. Air curtains control the entrance and exit of the preheat section of the kiln.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying articles, such as fruit, which are treated with an aqueous coating such as a wax composition to preserve and to enhance the appearance of the article. The drying apparatus comprises a plurality of housing sections, each providing substantially closed chambers through which a conveyor means carries and advances articles to be dried at a selected rate of speed. The conveyor and a strata of articles carried thereon form a perforate zone in each housing section. Drying air is directed downwardly into a side passageway means at one side of each chamber to pass into a plenum chamber below the conveyor means and to then flow upwardly and substantially uniformly through the conveyor means and strata of articles thereon. Drying air is drawn from an upper chamber above the conveyor means by a blower which directs the drying air into side passageway means downwardly and into the plenum chamber of the next adjacent downstream housing section.

Abstract: A ski boot device for facilitating walking comprises a profiled member for connection to the sole of a ski boot, and mobile from a first position in which it is flush with the plane defined by the sole to a second position in which it projects from the sole plane.

Abstract: An apparatus for maintaining a uniform grade of the surface being excavated or leveled by a waterborne dredge. The apparatus includes a shore mounted laser that projects a horizontal beam which is utilized to establish a reference plane, a dredge mounted photo receiver responsive to the beam from said shore mounted laser, a hydraulic system for repositioning the dredge cutter in response to changes of position of the dredge relative to the reference plane established by the laser beam. The hydraulic system includes a specifically designed pulley arrangement which raises and lowers the dredge ladder to maintain the cutter at a constant elevation.

Abstract: A device for labelling a telephone set or the like. A flexible transparent shield covers a paper label in a receiving area in the handset housing of a telephone set. Lips at the opening of a pair of notches disposed in tangs in the transparent shield wrap around posts in the housing to retain the transparent shield and paper label in the receiving area of the housing.

Abstract: A sight rail device for securing a sighting telescope to a shoulder firearm which includes a receiver having a barrel secured thereto and with a plurality of upright internally threaded hollow tubular mounting bolts disposed along the barrel and also partly along the receiver, comprises, a sight rail having an underside which conforms to the barrel and is disposed to overlie a portion of each and has a plurality of receiving bores defined in the underside which open toward the barrel and the receiver into which the mounting bolts extend. The sight rail also includes a dovetail-shaped sight-receiving recess for easily mounting the sight and a dovetail-shaped recess for easily mounting a baseplate for securing the sighting telescope.

Abstract: A gun barrel cleaning device for use with a cleaning rod comprising a hollow annular compression member having an internally threaded coupling insert affixed to one end thereof, an externally threaded coupling member at least partially disposed within the hollow annular compression sleeve including an enlarged threaded portion operatively engaged with the internally threaded coupling insert having a first and second attachment element formed on opposite ends thereof, the first attachment element comprising a reduced externally threaded portion to affix the gun barrel cleaning device to a cleaning rod and the second attachment element comprising an aperture to affix a retaining member configured to retain a spongeous cleaning element to the gun barrel cleaning device wherein the externally threaded member and retaining member are adjustable longitudinally relative to the hollow annular compression sleeve to selectively compress the spongeous cleaning element between one end of the hollow annular compression sl

Abstract: The bracket provides an improved mounting means for conveniently mounting d dismounting an infrared aiming light to a weapon. The bracket has a three point-mounting portion mounted in the weapon handle and a forward and downward angular offset portion extending to an aiming light end of the mounting bracket upon which an infrared aiming light is mounted. The forward and downward angular offset portion conveniently places a dead man switch that is on the front of the infrared aiming light close to the weapon operator's hand so that the operator may simultaneously operate the aiming light while bracing the weapon handle. After zeroing in the beam of the aiming light with the bore of the weapon, the bracket and/or infrared aiming light may be disassembled and reassembled without loss of zero.

Abstract: The day-night sight mounting bracket has a day sight mounted to the weapon andle and specifically has flip out peep-sight and sighting-post on a pivot plate that is connected to a locking bracket that is wedged in the weapon handle. The pivot plate is pivotable on the locking bracket to provide any necessary elevation of the weapon when using the day sight. The locking bracket itself is mounted in the weapon handle by a three point-mounting arrangement that has front and rear pads in a weapon shoe portion of the locking bracket which fit against a foot portion of the weapon handle to form two of the three points. The locking bracket also has a tapered locking pin that fits snugly into a hole in the upper half of the weapon handle by turning a thumb screw that is threadably connected to the locking pin. The locking pin provides the third point of the three point-mounting.

Abstract: Interacting leaf springs which can be assembled in a minimum space while in a relaxed condition. When the assembled springs are to exert thrust, some leaves are moved relative to others so as to cause mutual interference which tends to expand the assembly in a predetermined direction. One suggested use for this invention is in cartridge magazines for firearms.