Abstract: A toy figure configured in the shape of a toy doll, or toy animal or the like is disclosed. The toy figure includes a trunk portion having a substantially hollow interior and a head and limb portions. The trunk portion has a plurality of groups of slots, with each group of slots having individual slots in communication with one another. A plurality of deformable elastic members, preferably rubber cords, are attached to the interior of the trunk. Each deformable elastic member is led through one slot of at least one group of slots. The head and each limb is attached to one of the elastic members which are under sufficient tension to hold a substantially flat mating surface of each limb in contact with the trunk. The head and each of the limbs may be repositioned relative to the trunk by moving the corresponding elastic member from one slot to another within the same group of slots.

Abstract: A demolition derby game wherein vehicles are positioned on a gameboard and driven by means of manually operated magnetic manipulators positioned beneath the gameboard. There are plural such vehicles, one vehicle operated by each player. Each vehicle includes a plurality of identical removable elements, such removable elements being removable upon impact with another vehicle. The removable elements fit into grooves in the vehicle and are positioned about opposite sides of shafts with spring elements and disc portions at their ends. The impact of a vehicle with another vehicle will cause a shaft to move and force one of the removable elements out of its groove and onto the playing surface.

Abstract: The device includes a main support member in the form of a shell which fits over the body of the infant when the infant is lying down; an upright bottle support removably mounted on the main support for mounting the bottle, this bottle support having a caricature thereon such as of an animal; a bottle carriage on the bottle support, pivoted between an active position in which an infant feeds, and an inactive position in which it is inclined away from the infant's face, and having a weight for moving it to inactive position when the bottle is released; the bottle support includes a music box which is activated by the bottle carriage when the latter is moved to inactive position; and the main support while carrying the bottle support is demountably positionable on a pull-toy, such as a buggy which, together as a combination toy can be enjoyed by an older child.

Abstract: A toy lawn mower shaped like a conventional wheeled lawn mower and including an enclosure in the shape of a grass catcher which simulates a real grass catcher. The enclosure, which has at least one transparent side, includes a mechanism located near its bottom to agitate grass-like particles to simulate the appearance of grass blown from the mower housing into a grass catcher. The agitating a mechanism is operatively connected to a wheel axle of the toy to agitate the particles in response to movement of the toy. The toy lawn mower also has means to vibrate the lawn mower so that the grass simulating particles will collect at the bottom of the enclosure for continuous reagitation. A sounding mechanism connected to a wheel axle of the toy emits a sound similar to that of a real lawn mower when the lawn mower is pushed.

Abstract: A single conductive spring resiliently biases a pick-up shoe against a track rail while resiliently biasing a brush arm against the motor commutator segments. The spring provides an electrical current path between the pick-up shoe and brush arm.

Abstract: A garden assembly has a frame for separate removably supporting a plurality of open top troughs, one above the other. A separate horizontal distribution conduit is positioned above each trough, and a container adapted to be filled with water is disposed above the row of troughs. A separate tube connects the bottom of the trough removably to each of the conduits, so that the container is directly drained into each trough. The troughs have drain apertures in their bottoms positioned to drain each trough away from their respective lower troughs.

Abstract: Security door including a revolving door with a one way bearing continuously preventing rotation of the door in a reverse direction so that persons can only travel from an entry to an exit side of the door by passing around the door axis in a forward direction. A mat switch is positioned so that persons attempting to pass from the exit side to the entry side by revolving the door in the forward direction must stand on the mat switch and operate it. Operation of the mat switch causes operation of a clutch which locks the door against rotation in the forward direction.

Abstract: A window regulator for moving a window pane through the window opening of a vehicle door includes a single eccentric arm pivotally mounted away from its ends within the door. One end of the eccentric arm is movably secured to a guide bar on the window pane and the opposite end has a handle thereon which is movable within and accessible through an arcuate slot in the vehicle door. The handle is recessed within the arcuate slot so as not to protrude from the interior surface of the door.

Abstract: A door frame comprising wood frame members including a strike jamb, a hinge jamb, and a header, said frame members each being recessed longitudinally to provide a rabbet having a major surface and a minor surface perpendicular to said major surface, a slot substantially coplanar with the major surface of said rabbet extending into a non-recessed portion of said member, and a substantially J-shaped metal frame reinforcing member having a major flange, a minor flange substantially parallel to said major flange, and a connecting web substantially perpendicular to said major and minor flanges, said minor flange engaging the major surface of said rabbet and extending into said slot, and the major flange of said reinforcing member extending in engagement with the outer surface of said member.

Abstract: Discharge and separating devices of vibratory abrasive containers forming a trough and having a flap for placing into operation a separating path which is coordinated behind the flap, the flap being swingable around the flap shaft axis which is transverse to the container trough and being able to be moved upwardly by means of an actuating device into a maximum upper position. A control lever is operatively connected to the actuating device being pivotally mounted under a portion of flap parallel to the flap shaft, the control lever having a free end formed with a pin. The flap is formed with an elongated slot having an end region, the pin engaging into the slot in the flap and limiting the upward movement of the flap by abutting against the end region of the slot.

Abstract: An apparatus senses the extent of actual wear of a grinding wheel at an area where the wear will be the greatest during the grinding of a workpiece. The grinding wheel is dressed by removing material from the grinding wheel to an extent which is a function of the extent of sensed wear at the location where the wear is the greatest. The apparatus includes a probe member which is movable toward the circular working surface or side of the grinding wheel from a retracted position and a detector assembly which detects when the probe member initially engages the circular side of the grinding wheel. In some embodiments of the invention, the probe member is moved toward the grinding wheel in incremental steps with sufficient time between the steps to enable the grinding wheel to rotate through slightly more than one complete revolution. In one embodiment of the invention the detector assembly includes a mass which is connected with a probe member.

Abstract: An inflatable tent is disclosed wherein the tent comprises a plurality of inflatable frames for supporting the tent; an air passage tube for interconnecting the frames and permitting air to flow therein; a plurality of blockage mechanisms installed on the air passage tube for partitioning the air system in the tent into several independent parts; a water-proof film integrally formed with the frames and the tube for filling the gaps therebetween; an inlet and an outlet for receiving and releasing air respectively; and a plurality of handles for easy set up of the tent under various environments.

Abstract: A manner of constructing a geodetic dome which is not labor-intensive and does not require skilled labor is disclosed. The joints for the dome structure each include a spool having an outer surface with a radially projecting circumferential spline. The beams which form the skeleton of the dome have ends which abut the outer surfaces of the spools and engage the splines to prevent movement of the beams axially with respect to the spools. The beams are retained against the spools to prevent movement of the beams radially with respect to the spools. Panels can be inserted in grooves formed in the confronting surfaces of the beams to complete the dome structure.

Abstract: A system of constructing a building using prefabricated wall and roof panels, each of the panels comprising interior and exterior corrugated metal sheets disposed on opposite major faces of a foamed core. The panels are assembled together in edge-to-edge relationship with complementary mating edges for securing adjacent panels. The joints between adjacent panels and between panels and support members are secured by self-drilling threaded fasteners. Metal strips are embedded in the panels to provide anchors for the threaded fasteners. A specially adapted insulating member is disposed along one edge of each panel to provide mechanical support without sacrificing thermal efficiency.

Abstract: This invention is a method and apparatus for performing such method whereby ordinary single glass building elements, such as windows, doors or the like are converted to double-walled, partially evacuated, thermally insulated elements by the use of a special adaptive method and special forming method, together with special adaptive elements in combination with sealant and desiccant materials.

Abstract: A window assembly (10,110,210,310,410,510) wherein a frame (16,116,216,316,416,516) carrying a window pane (15,115,215,315,415,515) is resiliently mounted to a wall portion (14,114,214,314,414,514) by a seal (20,120,220,320,420,520). A retainer (21,121,221,321,421,521) is secured to the wall portion and defines a retaining portion (24,124,224,324,424,524) disposed adjacent the frame so as to limit movement of the frame relative to the wall portion. The retainer retaining portion may be juxtaposed to one or more stop shoulders of the frame which may be defined by the side surfaces of a recess (26,126,226,326,426,526). The retainer may be alternatively mounted outwardly or inwardly of the wall portion. The retainer may be removably secured to the wall portion by threaded securing elements (23,123,223,323,423,523).

Abstract: In a modular wall and floor structure, the edges of wall panels have upwardly directed hooks pivoted for swinging between retracted positions and positions projecting outwardly from their opposite vertical edges. Short lengths of multisided hollow extrusion have a downwardly opening longitudinal slot in each side which slots receive the panel hooks of adjacent panels in projected positions for connecting such panels to form an exhibit array. Adjacent ends of overhead beams are connected to each other and to the upper ends of the panels by downwardly directed beam hooks received in upper longitudinal slots in the lengths of extrusion. The lower portions of the connected or unconnected panels can be clamped between modular floor components.

Abstract: An adapter for the concrete foundation mounted bolts to the bolt holes of a pole base of a different configuration, including a lower plate arranged to be secured to bolts on the concrete base, an upper plate arranged to be secured to the pole base and interconnecting braces inclusive of a central electric wire passage and supporting braces between the plates.

Abstract: The load support structure includes a compression member joined adjacent its ends to the end portions of a tension member. A foam plastic is disposed between said members and bonded to the juxtaposed surfaces of said members so that force applied to one of said members will be resisted by the shear and tension modulus of the foam plastic whereby the load support structure can support increased loads. The support structure may be the floor in a storage housing.

Abstract: A precast concrete joist composite system having first and second spaced apart precast concrete joist members supported at their respective ends by a support, each of said joist members having a concrete portion, said joist members having at end portions respective projecting structures that have first parts anchored in said concrete portions of their respective joist members and second parts extending from said concrete portion end faces, said end faces having respective portions thereof that slope downward and away from said concrete portions, at least a first pan disposed at said end face, a first part of said pan element being disposed over the top surfaces of said concrete portions and a second part thereof disposed over said sloping portions of said end faces, and a decking element disposed over the respective said top surfaces of said first and second joist members and spanning the space between said joist members.

Abstract: A prefabricated expansion joint element for forming a surface joint between two concrete construction parts (1,2). The joint element has a central, resilient member (4) and anchoring members (5,6) connected to each side thereof. According to the invention the anchoring members are formed by profile elements (5,6) of epoxy plastic with at least one reinforcing layer (7) cast thereinto, said layer also extending through the intermediate resilient member. The external surface of the central resilient member (4) is connected to and aligned with the external surface of the profile elements (5,6). The profile elements (5,6) are securably by adhesion directly onto the edge portions of the concrete construction parts (1,2), so as to provide easy mounting, long life and resistance to severe climatic conditions and heavy loads.

Abstract: A building construction comprising a plurality of panels. Each panel comprises spaced sheets and a plurality of spaced longitudinally extending truss members. Each truss member comprises a pair of channels and an undulating member comprising alternating first and second apices connected by legs, the apices being bonded to the channels. At least one of the sheets has longitudinally extending grooves receiving the truss members. The grooves have a cross sectional configuration conforming to the cross sectional configuration of the channel of the truss member. The channels are fastened to the sheet. The panels may be used in the side wall or roof of a building.

Abstract: A building block and masonry wall constructed therefrom are provided wherein the building block has a pair of spaced opposite generally parallel side walls, spaced top and bottom faces and a pair of end spaces, a pair of spaced apart ribs on said top face, a pair of mating recesses on said bottom face, an intermediate generally centrally extending horizontal groove in each of the top and bottom faces, a pair of narrower grooves, one on either side of said centrally extending groove on each of said top and bottom faces, a pair of spaced ribs on one end, a pair of mating grooves on the other end, an intermediate vertical passage in said block corresponding in width to the widest portion of the central grooves on said top and bottom faces, a pair of vertical passages on each side of said intermediate vertical passage connecting the pair of top and bottom narrower grooves, and a vertical recess in each end intermediate the side walls and having a cross section substantially equal to one half of said intermediate

Abstract: The longitudinal sides of rectangular wood roofing shakes are stepped providing transversely extending shoulders facing the shake tips and dividing each shake into a narrower tip portion and a wider butt portion. In application, rectangular fillers are located between the tip portions of adjacent shakes with the butts of such fillers tightly abutting the shake shoulders. The width of each filler is substantially greater than the combined depths of the shake shoulders it abuts such that the adjacent longitudinal sides of the butt portions of the shakes are spaced apart a substantial distance.

Abstract: An expansion joint cover comprises a pair of elongated rigid frame members, each of which includes a generally vertical, longitudinally continuous wall portion and a multiplicity of longitudinally spaced-apart, substantially horizontal plate-like tongues supported in cantilevered relation from the vertical wall portion at locations spaced from the upper edge of the wall portion and in longitudinal alignment. The longitudinal spacings between adjacent tongues of each frame member are not less than the widths of the tongues of the other frame member such that in the cover as installed in the expansion gap the tongues of each frame member project into the spaces between the tongues of the other frame member, and a generally longitudinally continuous bridge is formed by an intervening of the tongues of each of the frame members between the tongues of the other.

Abstract: A contoured building panel is provided which is adapted to be secured to a building structure by concealed fasteners. The panel has improved nestability with other like panels in a vertical stack for storage and shipment such that the stack of nested panels has a relatively small stack height. The panel has a body portion having at least one longitudinally extending channel with opposed substantially continuously diverging sidewalls and edge structures on both sides of the channel mouth projecting laterally outwardly from the body portion of each panel. One edge structure has a reverse bend therein forming a laterally open groove for receiving a portion of the opposite edge structure of an adjacent panel and a fastening edge portion for securing the panel to a building structure by fastening means which in an assembled condition underlies a portion of the adjacent panel near the opposite lateral edge. Both compression and tension locking building panels are provided.

Abstract: A modular tower and method of constructing same is provided in which successive tower sections are joined. Each tower section is comprised of several tubular columns. Certain column ends are crimped for insertion into other columns. A brace assembly having tubes which substantially encircle the columns in each tower section is provided, the tubes being positioned to encircle the column where the crimped section of one column is inserted into another column. The columns are rigidly secured together by bolting the brace assembly to each of the columns encircled by each brace tube. A mast support brace assembly is provided for supporting a mast which extends from the tower top. A mast guide brace is provided for connecting the top of the uppermost columns and guiding a mast supported by the tower.

Abstract: There is disclosed a metal connector for diagonal interconnection between the upper and lower chords and two adjacent vertical studs of a wooden truss so as to form a tension web thereof. The connector is of unitary one-piece construction, including an elongated support member having a stiffening rib and stiffening side flanges, and being provided at the opposite ends thereof with two generally rectangular end plates. Each end plate has stamped therefrom a plurality of pairs of fastening brads or nails which are adapted to be embedded in the overlapped portions of the chords and studs to be interconnected. Indexing holes are also provided in the end plates to facilitate manufacture of the connector and locating of the connector with respect to the truss.

Abstract: A floor panel for use in elevated floor assemblies having a bottom metal sheet and a top metal sheet sandwiched on each side of a solid noncompressible core. The bottom has an upwardly turned side deflected away from the side of the core forming a first shoulder on the upper edge thereof and the top has a downwardly deflected side spaced from the first shoulder forming a second shoulder such that they are spaced, non-overlapping sides. A flexible edge member having an outer shoulder engaging the first shoulder of said bottom metal sheet and an inner channel formed longitudinally thereof to receive the downwardly deflected edge of the top metal sheet is wedged between the top metal sheet edge and the bottom metal sheet edge and is locked in by the first and second shoulder on the bottom and top sheet respectively.

Abstract: This invention provides substitute capping heads to apply a threaded closure on a bottle neck through the utilization of existing machines which were designed to apply an aluminum closure on a bottle neck by in situ formation of the threads in an aluminum shell. The modified capping heads embodying this invention utilize the same rotational and vertical movements of the capping heads relative to the containers, but effect a frictional engagement with a pre-formed, internally threaded plastic closure to effect the screwing of such closure onto a bottle neck with the effective application torque being limited by a slip clutch incorporated in the drive train of the modified capping head. Such clutch is isolated from ambient humidity conditions, and in some modifications operates in an oil bath.

Abstract: An extractor for removing contents from pre-opened envelopes which have two panels connected along three side edges and contents disposed in juxtaposition therebetween comprises an envelope magazine, a vacuum feed mechanism for sequentially withdrawing envelopes from the magazine and feeding the envelopes to cutter assemblies, which severs each successive envelope along opposite side edges to separate the panels thereof along said opposite side edges. The cutter assemblies feed the envelope into a separating mechanism which includes a rotatable vacuum drum. One panel of the envelope is gripped by and moves with the rotating drum whereas the other envelope panel and the envelope contents move away from the drum in a direction generally tangent to the drum.

Abstract: An improved film tube forming shoe includes a brake edge having a configuration which is related to the diameter of the shoe, to the film width, and to the diameter of a product to be wrapped in the tube. The shoe is provided with outwardly directed pressurized fluid ports in the brake edge to provide an air cushion for the film as it is drawn through an acute angle around the brake edge into the shoe. The fluid also cleans the edge and reduces accumulation of foreign matter thereon. To promote accurate film tracking through the shoe, it is rotatable in response to changes in the position of an edge of the film before it enters the shoe. Methods are provided for forming the shoe, and brake edge, without trial and error, for wrapping products of known diameter, and for wrapping articles.

Abstract: A towed harvesting machine, especially for row crop, has a chassis connected pivotally by a tow bar to a tractor and a fluid-responsive motor connected between the tow bar and the chassis or frame which is capable of laterally shifting the frame or chassis, and hence the mouth of the machine for ensuring alignment of the row crop with the mouth. The mouth of the machine can be provided with sensors controlling this motor, which can be a hydraulic cylinder, to assure this alignment.

Abstract: A balanced mower head for carrying a plurality of monofilament lines. The mower head is suitable for being mounted on the shaft of conventional rotary mower and includes certain features which particularly adapt the head for universal fit and for replacing the conventional mower blade with monofilament cutting lines thereby substantially enhancing the safety of the cutting operation. The head defines a bore extending therethrough which is proportioned for receiving the shaft which normally carries the blade of a conventional rotary mower. A plurality of line holders extend outwardly from the head body and define at their outboard end portions an opening which is proportioned for receiving a line such that the line extends outwardly from the outboard end portion of each of the line holders to perform the cutting operation upon rapid rotation of the head. Means are provided for generating air currents in a vertical direction during the cutting operation to stand the vegetation up prior to its being cut.

Abstract: A sugar cane harvester has a wheel-mounted or equivalent main frame, a base cutter for cutting the cane near ground level as the harvester advances, a chopping cutter for cutting the cane stalks into billets, means for feeding the stalks from the base cutter to the chopping cutter, and means for elevating and discharging the billets, the chopping cutter and elevating means including a rotary cutter with a knife blade on a rotatable shaft, and a thrower having a vane extending from a thrower shaft, the two shafts being parallel and counter-rotated, the cutter knife blade and the vane coacting to sever cane fed to the chopping cutter into billets, the thrower vane acting to throw the severed billets upwardly through a cane guide chute from which they are discharged, preferably into a bin mounted on the main frame and capable of being tilted to empty its contents.

Abstract: A self-propelled flail blade lawn mower comprising a support frame having forward and rearward ends, a handle assembly extending upwardly and rearwardly from said rearward end and a cutter housing extending forwardly of said forward end, a rear axle and wheel assembly rotatably supported substantially in the vicinity of the rearward end of said support frame and a pair of front wheels rotatably mounted substantially in the vicinity of the forward end of said cutter housing, a cutter shaft bearing a plurality of pivotally mounted flail blades rotatably supported within said cutter housing a motor and a transmission box mounted on said support frame, said motor having an output shaft and said transmission box having input and output shafts, first drive means operatively connected between said transmission box output shaft and said rear axle and wheel assembly, second drive means connectable between said motor output shaft and said transmission box input shaft in response to the movement of a first lever mounted

Abstract: A deadman-type hand switch mounted on a rotary lawnmower handle actuates a magnetically coupled clutch drive to couple the rotary blade to the lawnmower drive shaft. Release of the hand switch removes the magnetic force holding the clutch members together and actuates a mechanical brake to stop the rotation of the blade. Gravity and the brake's action assist in physically decoupling the clutch members.

Abstract: Holding means for grain lifters, support skids or the like for fastening the latter to the cutter mechanism of a harvesting machine, comprising a device provided at one end of the flat support leg to be secured to the mower cutter bar and a retention bracket provided in spaced relationship from the one end on the support leg and embracing, if necessary under bias, the cutter finger, wherein said retention bracket includes two legs provided on each side of said cutter finger, and a locking device connecting said two legs and overlapping said cutter finger.

Abstract: An improved method for making a continuous filament heather dyeable yarn involves cobulking in a hot fluid jet process a first unbulked yarn with a second differentially dyeable previously bulked yarn. The method enhances differential dyeability in the product when both yarns have a common type of chemical dye site and the second yarn has a greater concentration of those dye sites than the first yarn.

Abstract: A device comprising a casing which bears two distinct hinged (articulated) systems, of which one is activated by jacks and includes four arms of which two are hinged together at one of their ends while another is hinged on the casing and on the free end of the arm, and the arm is hinged on the casing and at the middle of the arm that bears a roller to disengage the cop from the drive shaft.The other system comprises two parallel arms hinged on an intermediate plate, two parallel arms hinged on the plate and on a support of the re-attachment head connected to a system of suction by means of a conduit and including two motors to drive in rotation a roller controlling the cop and to make its front part rotate by 180.degree. in respect of its rear part.In the re-attachment position the roller is employed to rotate a roller by friction located at the outlet of the turbine.

Abstract: The invention provides an economical continuous process for the production of energy from solid hydrocarbon fuels comprising conveying a solid hydrocarbon fuel through a reactor substantially filled with CO.sub.2 and raising the temperature within the reactor to at least about 400.degree. C. whereby in the substantial absence of air the solid hydrocarbon fuel reacts endothermically with CO.sub.2 to form CO, conveying the relatively light CO and other accompanying and formed gases from the top of said reactor to a combustion chamber for exothermic reaction of the CO gas with O.sub.2 to form CO.sub.2 and to generate both heat and gas pressure energy and recycling at least a portion of the gases exiting from said combustion chamber to a reactor for further reaction with solid hydrocarbon fuel.

Abstract: An infrared suppressor system for gas turbine engine is provided for suppressing infrared radiation associated with the hot metal parts of the engine and with the hot exhaust gases exhausted from the engine.

Abstract: Fresh water and mechanical energy are obtained from melting of icebergs. Warm surface seawater is contacted with a fluid, which is vaporized. The resulting vapor is used to generate mechanical energy and then is condensed by contacting it with cold melt water from the iceberg. The fluid is regenerated with a concomitant elevation in the temperature of the melt water. The warmer melt water is cycled to the body of the iceberg to facilitate its melting and produce additional cold melt water, which is apportioned as fresh water and water cycled to condense the aforesaid vapor.In an alternate embodiment of the invention warm seawater is evaporated at reduced pressure. Mechanical energy is generated from the vapor, which is then condensed by direct and intimate contact with cold melt water from the iceberg. The resultant fresh water is a mixture of condensed vapor and melt water from the iceberg and has a temperature greater than the cold melt water.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy by parametric pumping of rotary inertia. In a preferred embodiment, a modified Tesla turbine rotor is positioned within a rotary boiler along its axis of rotation. An external heat source, such as solar radiation, is directed onto the outer casing of the boiler to convert the liquid to steam. As the steam spirals inwardly toward the discs of the rotor, the moment of inertia of the mass of steam is reduced to thereby substantially increase its kinetic energy. The laminar flow of steam between the discs of the rotor transfers the increased kinetic energy to the rotor which can be coupled out through an output shaft to perform mechanical work. A portion of the mechanical output can be fed back to maintain rotation of the boiler.

Abstract: A regenative absorption engine apparatus and method, the apparatus including a closed cycle system having a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid having a relatively lower boiling point, the second fluid having a relatively higher boiling point and also a relatively high degree of absorptivity for the first fluid. The apparatus further includes a distillation column, a superheater, a mechanical expansion engine, an absorption column, and heat exchange apparatus. The distillation column is used to separate the first fluid from the second fluid with heat while the superheater increases the thermal energy of the first fluid prior to passing the first fluid through the mechanical expansion engine. The mechanical expansion engine converts thermal energy in the first fluid to mechanical energy. The backpressure in the first fluid on the downstream side of the mechanical expansion engine is lowered by absorbing the first fluid with the second fluid in the absorption column.

Abstract: A master cylinder assembly includes a body in which fluid pressure is developed. A fluid reservoir is detachably attached to the sides of the body. Fluid communication between the fluid reservoir and the body is provided through one of the sides of the body.

Abstract: Compressors are utilized in an apparatus for treating a product such as tobacco with a liquid cryogen, such as carbon dioxide for removing vapor from a processing chamber and recompressing the vapor to facilitate its return to the cryogen system. When the compressors do not receive a supply of cool vapor from the processing chamber, the compressor temperature rises and the pressure drops. When the pressure reaches a predetermined minimum setpoint, the compressors are interconnected by means of a remotely controlled valve to a vessel containing cryogen vapor at a pressure greater than the pressure at the compressors. A supply of cool cryogen vapor thus flows to the compressors to reduce the temperature, thereby allowing continuous operation of the compressors during periods in which cryogen vapor flow from the processing chamber is interrupted or delayed.

Abstract: Two-stage cryogenic pumping apparatus having individual plate members with cryosorbent coatings secured by removable fasteners to permit easy assembly and replacement of the plate members. The plate members are spaced apart to provide relatively unrestricted access to the cryosorbent material for the gases to be adsorbed thereon.

Abstract: A cryostatic system utilizing a liquefied gas in which an object or substance to be cooled in a thermostatic chamber without a stirrer and electric heater therein is cooled initially by a liquid coolant at a cryogenic temperature for rapidly lowring its temperature to an intended level and, upon reaching the proximity of said intended level, a temperature sensor detecting the same actuates a temperature controller controlling a heat exchanger, which when actuated gasifies the liquid coolant and controls the temperature of the thus gasified coolant. Thus, upon reaching the proximity of said intended level, said object or substance is cooled by the gasified coolant to be thermostatically controlled thereto with a minimized coolant consumption.

Abstract: An open top refrigerated display case having an ambient air automatic defrost system and a method of operating such a case. A single air conduit extends in a U-shaped formation along opposing side walls and the bottom wall of the display case. The air conduit has openings at both ends in the location of the upper portions of the side walls. Arranged within the air conduit is at least one reversible fan and a set of refrigeration coils. During a refrigeration cycle the fan circulates air through the air conduit in a first direction towards the refrigeration coils. When frost buildup within the display case has reached a certain level, the system is switched to a defrost cycle. During the defrost cycle, the fan circulates the air in the opposite direction through the air conduit and draws in ambient air from outside of the display case. Since such ambient air is of a higher temperature than the normally refrigerated air, it serves to defrost the system.