Abstract: An automatic control valve system for a multiple ratio power transmission mechanism for an automotive vehicle wherein the mechanism comprises multiple gear elements, the motion of which is controlled by selectively engageable clutches and brakes, a pressure source driven by a power input element of the transmission, a valve circuit for distributing pressure from said source to the clutches and brakes to establish a shift sequence, a pressure regulator valve that is responsive to engine intake manifold pressure and to speed whereby an increase in engine throttle setting will result in an increase in circuit pressure in the control valve system, and a throttle pressure cut-out valve that interrupts distribution of engine intake manifold pressure signals to the pressure regulator valve during operation of the mechanism in the highest speed range thereby preventing an excessive pressure in the control valve system while retaining an adequate residual pressure to maintain clutch and brake engagement during high sp

Abstract: A screwdriver and screw adapted so that at least one of them has a bore extending into it for receiving a pin held by the other so that in use the pin engages in the bore to hold the screwdriver and screw against lateral movement relative to one another.

Abstract: A torque wrench is provided in which a removably attached alarm indicator produces an audible buzzing or visual indication when a pre-selected torque is applied by the torque wrench. In a preferred embodiment, an audible buzzer has a magnet in its base to facilitate removable attachment to a faceplate on the wrench, and also to make possible the use of the same audible buzzer on other torque wrenches. The audible buzzer may include an electrical circuit having a switch, battery, and buzzer all connected in series.

Abstract: Apparatus for facing sealing faces on flanges in situ and including means for mounting and locating the apparatus on the component to be machined comprising a housing with a machine unit, centering flange, intermediate flange, rotating turntable with tool and holder, drive means and a clamping system for connecting the intermediate flange to the workpiece.

Abstract: An apparatus for the out-of-round circumferential machining of workpieces includes a tool holder, a tool bit carried by the tool holder and a motor having a rotor operatively coupled to the tool holder for a radial feed of the tool bit. The motor can be numerically and electronically controlled dependent upon a desired out-of-round contour of the workpieces. The moment of inertia of the tool holder, the tool bit and any other component moving with the tool holder as a unit during feed motion is at the most equal to the moment of inertia of the rotor.

Abstract: An automatic rhythm-pattern accompaniment equipment is disclosed that can automatically stop the full-in rhythm sound superposed on or replacing the accompaniment rhythm sound in synchronization with the beat number determination signal. According to a feature of this invention, the automatic rhythm accompaniment equipment comprises a fill-in circuit synchronized with basic rhythm pattern and fill-in beat number determination circuit, a fill-in rhythm-pattern designation circuit and a fill-in rhythm-pattern generator. Therefore, the stop of the fill-in rhythm is carried out automatically by the electronic circuit in synchronization with the beat number determination signal, although the insertion of it is manually done by the music player. If necessary, the insertion of the fill-in rhythm can be synchronized with the beat number determination signal.

Abstract: A portable electric keyboard musical instrument is disclosed which includes (1) a two-part folding supporting structure, (2) a plurality of vibratile reeds with each having an end fixedly attached to the supporting structure, and (3) a plurality of actions for selectively causing respective reeds to vibrate. Each action is supported on the supporting structure and associated with one of the reeds. Each action also includes a hammer assembly for selectively striking one of the reeds and an escapement assembly for initiating the striking action of the hammer associated therewith and to control its motion thereafter until reactivated. A plurality of keys are provided each associated with one of the actions for actuating its hammer assembly so as to strike its respective reed. A pickup device is used in spaced relation to the reeds for generating an electrical frequency from the vibrations of the reeds.

Abstract: A piezoelectric crystal transducer defines a unitary part of a low profile saddle member adapted for interchangeable mounting in the bridge portion of a stringed musical instrument while obviating external modification of the instrument itself. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the body of the saddle is molded or potted around elongated piezoelectric crystalline bar segments to form a unitary saddle in which the bar segments traverse the substantial length of the saddle in a direction transversely of the extension of the strings over the saddle with hook-up leads or wires extending from one end of the bar for connection to a suitable cable leading to a conventional amplifier or loudspeaker system. The transducer is constructed to respond to stresses produced by string vibrations in one or more dimensions yet is completely shielded from external electrical fields and minimizes interference with the acoustical circuit of the instrument.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a music synthesizer which responds to a music note played by a music instrument. The synthesizer has an envelope generator which generates a control signal in relation to the input signal to control the loudness of the synthesized note. Also, the synthesizer has a pair of voltage controlled oscillators, one of which provides a signal having a frequency related to the frequency of the input note, and the other of which provides a signal having a frequency related to the frequency of the input signal offset by the ratio of the difference between a programmed note and a referenced note, such as A440. The programmed note is that note following the operation of a control switch. The synthesizer further includes a series of footpads which control various functions of the synthesizer, such as programming the programmed note, to allow the user to control the synthesized sound while playing an instrument.

Abstract: At least one board defining the front side of the resonant cavity of a piano is provided with at least a pair of outwardly diverging vertical slits arranged an appreciable distance away from each other and on opposite sides of the center of the piano for smooth radiation of tonal atmospheric vibrations generated in the cavity by striking of strings to the atmospheric space in front of the piano, thereby providing ideal stereophonic acoustic effect to the player or listeners and avoiding any biased cavity resonance and mixing of undesirable noises. A selectively openable construction of the slit enables free selection of the tonal radiation in accordance with the requirements of the performance.

Abstract: A drum with adjustable tension on the drum head in which the adjustment mechanism includes a pedal operating a device adapted to pull a spider within the drum. The legs of the spider are pivoted on the drum body and extend to the exterior. A ring pressing up beneath the head in the interior of the body of the drum is operably attached to the spider legs interior of the pivot point between the leg and the drum body, and members attached to the drum head exterior of the body are pivoted to the legs exterior of the pivot point so that a double acting tension is applied by use of the pedal.

Abstract: An equal input output learning device that can be added to or built into any musical instrument facilitating the teaching and improvisation of music and muscial theory using the musical instrument itself which device consists of a plurality of 12 switches representing the equal tempered 12 tone Chromatic scale, and which switches can be easily activated and changed by the player, as desired, using switches separately or in any combination, and, which switches when activated show all notes of the pitch classes chosen by indicators on the musical instrument together with indicators on the switches themselves.

Abstract: An actuating rod is locked firmly in position by a split spring locking ring which engages matching shoulders in a groove on the rod. An electrical signal operates to energize a squib gas generator which produces pressure forcing a piston inward unlocking the ring and engaging wedge faces on the split locking ring causing the ring to spread open and release the actuating rod which moves upward in response to the forces of an extension spring. When locked, the rod has great resistance to imposed axial and side loads.

Abstract: A feature of this invention is the provision of a Gatling type gun whose gun barrels are arranged in a truncated cone and whose gun bolts are coaxial with their respective gun barrels.

Abstract: In combination with a double-acting cylinder having pressure and exhaust ports, a cylinder control valve having a spool having a pair of control positions with pressure, cylinder and exhaust ports, and conduits between the valve cylinder ports and cylinder ports, and a source of compressed air connected to the valve pressure port, a safety control system which comprises a pilot-operated valve housing having a pressure port connected to the source of compressed air, a pilot port and a pair of cylinder ports connected to the cylinder conduits. A valve spool within said housing has first and second control positions with an operative device on the housing which normally biases the safety valve spool to a first control position pressurizing opposite ends of the cylinder and with the pilot port connected to the source of compressed air. A build up of pressure to the pilot port moves the safety valve spool to its second control position, blocking communication between the safety valve and the cylinder ports.

Abstract: Stencil printing apparatus especially useful for printing on a curved or irregular underlying surface is described. It features a peripheral, elastically compressible and deformable stencil supporting wall and a flexible stencil screen having its outer peripheral edge sealingly mounted on the supporting wall, the stencil screen being deformable into continuous contact with the underlying surface with the supporting wall elastically compressed thereby for extrusion of printing fluid through the stencil screen onto the underlying surface to be printed.

Abstract: A printing machine using the `Bienne transfer` process, comprising a pad-holder carriage and a plate-holder carriage which, for their horizontal movement, are connected to links respectively coupled themselves to a control rod subjected to pivotal reciprocating motion about a fixed pivot under the action of a pneumatic actuator.

Abstract: In a marking head having one or more marking wheels each rotated step-wise by a reciprocating actuating pawl engaged in successive circumferentially arranged recesses on the wheel and secured in marking position by a retainer pawl engaged under a spring bias successively in the recesses, improved structure wherein the recesses and retainer pawl have circumferentially spaced apart interengaged cam surfaces which permit circumferential shifting of the wheel induced by surface irregularities in a workpiece being marked and facilitate spring return of the wheel to centered position after the marking, each recess having a flat bottom engaged by a blunt flat end face of the actuating pawl, each recess having a flat rearwardly facing shoulder adjacent its forward cam surface engaged by a blunt forward face of the actuating pawl.

Abstract: To provide an accurate output indication of the actual position of a doctor blade, as distinguished from a commanded position, in which the commanded position is determined by a positioning pin (15) in engagement with a doctor blade which, in turn, is moved into a predetermined position by an actuating pin (10) in end-face engagement therewith, the actuating pin (10) is formed with a through-bore in which a feeler pin is located which is spring-loaded to be pushed at all times into engagement with the positioning pin (15) even though the actuating pin (14) may have withdrawn to a position which is not followed by the positioning pin (15) leaving a gap between the end of the positioning pin (15) and the actuating pin (10). The actual position of the feeler pin (14) can be indicated on a scale by transmission of motion by a double-arm lever which, preferably, has unequal arm length to amplify positional changes of the feeler pin, and, if desired, additionally by coupling to an electrical position transducer.

Abstract: A circuit for use in the sequential initiation of explosives comprises an up-down counter having a first input terminal at which an up-count is initiated, a second input terminal at which a downcount is initiated, and an output terminal, an energy storage capacitor for powering the counter, a first resistor which has a low impedance for a fixed time to current of a particular value and of a first polarity and which thereafter has a high impedance connected to one of the input terminals of the counter so that when current of the first polarity and of the particular value is passed through the first resistor a signal is applied after the fixed time to the input terminal to initiate a count in an up direction, and a second resistor which has a low impedance to a predetermined voltage of a given polarity connected to the other input terminal of the counter so that when the predetermined voltage of the given polarity is applied to the second resistor a count is initiated in a down direction, the counter generating

Abstract: A fuse device comprising incendiary fusecord and a means of igniting same by detonation.

Abstract: Pyrotechnic charge, with a short combustion time, comprising inclined plates of propellant and deflectors, and a propulsion system using a charge of this type.The pyrotechnic charge is intended especially for use in a propulsion system for acceleration, and it comprises a set of plates of solid propellant, which plates are arranged approximately parallel to one another and provide at least one longitudinal channel for discharging the combustion gases in the direction of the nozzle of the propulsion system. In order to achieve a very high flow rate of gas without causing breakage of the plates of propellant, the plates of propellant (6) are inclined towards the longitudinal channel, and the charge comprises deflectors (5) which are arranged approximately parallel to the plates of propellant and which possess, in a longitudinal cross-section of the charge, a length which is equal to or greater than the length of the plates of propellant.

Abstract: Spin is imparted to a projectile within a smooth-bore barrel through the of a projectile-sabot system. The sabot, which substantially encloses the projectile, has a forward flange section which includes a plurality of nozzles which cause the sabot to operate as a centrifugal turbine. The sabot has grooves or slots on interior and/or exterior surfaces which fracture under the centrifugal forces which exist when the projectile-sabot system exits the smooth-bore barrel, thereby permitting the sabot to separate from the projectile after the desired spin has been imparted to the projectile.

Abstract: A transport device for moving a load, e.g. tree trunks from one point to another, and comprising a pull band (3) extending between these two points, one end of the band being connected to a winch (2) and the other to a support (9) by a resilient member (4). The winch gives the band a reciprocating motion in its longitudinal direction which moves one or more holding members (5) releasably attached to the band (3). The loads are connected to the holding members. The holding member (5) comprises a casing (12) slotted in its longitudinal direction, the width of the slot (18) exceeding the thickness of the band and said casing being provided with means (20) for preventing an unintentional passage of the band through the slot. The holding member (5) and/or the band (3) is provided with locking members (16) arranged to lock the holding member relative to the band in one of the directions of motion and to release the band in the opposite direction of motion.

Abstract: A damped suspension system for conveyors which has a pair of shock absorbers each of which is associated with an initial stressed spring thereby exerting a balancing effect. In preferred embodiments the shock absorbers are provided with means comprising, for example, a casing and a sleeve wherein the cylinder is executing and up and down movement relative to the sleeve. Casing and sleeve each supporting one end of the spring during movement of the conveyer in a straight line. Since, during an inclination of the cabin of the conveyor, both ends of the spring located on the lower side of the cabin are supported only through the casing, there is no possibility of a releasing. Thereby at least the initial force of the spring located on the raised side of the cabin is effective for a reset of the cabin into its vertical position.

Abstract: Stalks of crop material, especially straw, are incinerated by comminuting them to pieces having a length of substantially 8 to 10 cm, pneumatically transporting the stalks to a separator in which the air is separated from the stalks and the stalks are then compacted and advanced in a bed into a furnace. Within the furnace, a low temperature distillation is initially effected and combustion is promoted along the free surface of the bed, in part sustained by the gases produced by the distillation. Ash as it is formed on the surface is entrained away with the hot gases. The ash is separated from the hot gases and advantageously collected in a water basin while the hot gases can be used for agricultural drying purposes and the ash for fertilizer.

Abstract: A sugar cane planter includes a main frame which may be hitched to the rear of a tractor and is supported by adjustable depth wheels, a drill plough for opening a furrow being mounted under the main frame. A trailer frame, mounted on wheels and connected pivotally about a transverse axis to the main frame carries a hopper for a bulk supply of cane setts and a tank for fungicidal liquid, into which the can setts pass gravitationally from the hopper. An elevator elevates the setts from the tank and discharges them into a chute leading to the furrow opened by the drill plough. The hopper bottom can be tilted to promote the gravitational passage of setts to the tank.

Abstract: A seed singulator uses two opposing surfaces, one of which has a groove extending across it dimensioned to receive seeds in a single file. The two surfaces are moved relative to each other, with the groove having an angled relationship of less than 90.degree. with the relative direction motion of the two surfaces. Variation of the angle controls spacing between seeds independently of the velocity of relative movement between the surfaces. The surfaces are preferably flat with a centrally disposed seed containing area and the groove extending from that area to the periphery of the surfaces for discharge of the seed. In this form, the relative motion between the surfaces is preferably rotary to provide continuous operation.

Abstract: A guide for sewing machines for effecting the attachment of a waistband to a workpiece which includes a pair of U-shaped guide elements fixed on the machine in spaced and vertical alignment for guiding separated strips of band material to a converging position in close proximity with the machines stitching instrumentalities. The guide includes a dividing member selectively movable from an operative position between the guide elements to a position displaced therefrom. The dividing member is provided with surfaces that cooperate with the guide elements to form separate passageways for the strips of band material and a central member having a guide surface for guiding the edge of the workpiece between the separated strips of band material to the converging position.

Abstract: This invention concerns a sewing machine of the kind in which a main base and a supplemental base are provided. The supplemental base is connected to the main base through link mechanisms so as to be either contiguously positioned with respect to the main base or spaced therefrom so as to present a narrower support surface conducive to supporting a tubular fabric.

Abstract: A method and device are disclosed for sailing a wind-propelled vehicle whereby when a rig positioning indicator identifies the same portion of an identifiable code on a second coded structure that a wind indicator identifies on a first coded structure, the sails of the wind-propelled vehicle are in the appropriate position for that particular wind direction.

Abstract: A ballast pumping system for pumping water ballast to or from a plurality of ship ballast tanks, having a submerged pump located in one of the ballast tanks and a sea chest provided in the ballast tank together with the pump. Piping interconnects the pump and the sea chest, and also connects the pump to each of the bottoms of the ballast tanks.

Abstract: A steering mechanism for a boat comprises a support and a steering shaft which is rotatably mounted in the support and connected with a rudder operating device. A hand steering wheel is secured to one end of the steering shaft and a rotary power actuator is connected with the opposite end of the steering shaft through a self-locking reduction gear and a clutch. The clutch comprises a splined torque-transmitting member which is movable between an engaged and a disengaged position by a knob mounted on the steering wheel end of the steering shaft.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for treating, primarily cleaning, underwater surfaces of fixed or floating constructions for example, ships' hulls. In the method according to the invention, the treatment or cleaning device, which is rotatably driven by a motor, is wholly or partially insulated from the surrounding water by a medium which is fed to the vicinity of the device. The apparatus according to the invention includes a channel and a connection for supplying the insulating medium in the vicinity of the cleaning device.

Abstract: A signal generator comprising one or two horns and an electrically operated ir compressor is secured to a vehicle body, directly or indirectly, by a screw connection which includes a bolt with a hexagonal head received in a seat on a muff of each horn, the seat being formed by an open-ended channel accommodating the head and an adjacent narrower slot traversed by the shank of the bolt. This bolt may be inserted into a hole in the vehicle body or, in the case of two horns, may engage a strap bolted to that body; alternatively, such a strap with a pair of horns fastened thereto can be bolted to the associated air compressor which for this purpose has two diametrically opposite seats each similar to the one on the horn muff, one of these latter seats serving for the bolting of the compressor to the vehicle body.

Abstract: A centrifuge rotor is described which facilitates the preparation of cell dispersions on microscope slides. The rotor is bowl-like in configuration and defines plural peripheral regions adapted to receive the slides and a removable sample chamber associated with each slide. Each chamber has an outlet adpated to contact its slide. A sample, containing blood cells, for example, may be placed in a chamber and the cells centrifugally sedimented against the slide associated therewith. Excess or unwanted fluid is removed from the chamber by applying a vacuum through a vacuum line and hollow drive shaft. Leaf springs maintain each chamber in position and the vacuum line in fluid contact with the chamber. The vacuum line conecting each chamber cooperates with its leaf spring such that if a chamber is missing, the leaf spring closes the vacuum line.

Abstract: Apparatus comprising a vertically movable arm member pivoted at one end about a vertical axis and a chucking head mounted at the other distal end thereof, for engagement with and holding an apertured article, said chucking head being arranged to rotate the chucked article and whereby apertured articles being successively fed to a loading position are subjected to a revolving movement and an upward movement while being transferred to an unloading position via a working position where they are subjected to a desired treatment.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for thermally decomposing silicon containing gas for deposition on fluidized nucleating silicon seed particles is disclosed.Silicon seed particles are produced in a secondary fluidized reactor by thermal decomposition of a silicon containing gas. The thermally produced silicon seed particles are then introduced into a primary fluidized bed reactor to form a fluidized bed. Silicon containing gas is introduced into the primary reactor where it is thermally decomposed and deposited on the fluidized silicon seed particles. Silicon seed particles having the desired amount of thermally decomposed silicon product thereon are removed from the primary fluidized reactor as ultra pure silicon product.An apparatus for carrying out this process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A milk receptacle is provided at the top with an air outlet and at the bottom with a milk outlet controlled by a float-actuated valve comprising an annular disc engageable with an eccentrically disposed valve seat. The disc is connected at its center to the float and is tiltable in a vertical plane against the valve seat as the float rises, thus ensuring gradual opening of the valve by a small opening force.

Abstract: A rearing unit for farm animals formed of a closed body having cages mounted along the sides thereof in which the animals are disposed and constrained, air inlets formed in the roof of the body along the center line thereof and air outlet formed in the floor of the unit at the sides thereof, said air outlets are connected to an air extraction fan or fans disposed so that the air which is withdrawn from the body of the unit is expelled beneath the unit.

Abstract: A multi-station cattle stanchion has a top rail with a trackway extending longitudinally of the stanchion in which the upper ends of a generally upright, J-shaped pivoting standard move laterally. A gravity operated locking bail is pivotally mounted at one end to the upper rail and includes an inclined tongue portion on the other end which extends into the path of the pivoting standard as it moves through the trackway. The tongue portion allows passage of the pivot standard in one direction, but blocks movement thereof in the other direction. A selectively activated lock disengaging plate may be moved by a master control rod into a position that lifts and holds the tongue portion out of the trackway.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder engine comprising a carburetor housing forming therein at least two branch intake passages. Each of the branch intake passages is connected to a respective intake port. A throttle valve of the carburetor is provided for each cylinder. Each of the throttle valves is arranged in the respective branch intake passage. A single common passage and branch connecting passages which are connected to the common passage are provided. Each of the branch connecting passages opens into the respective intake port in the vicinity of the rear face of the valve head of the corresponding intake valve.

Abstract: An amplified radiation igniter system initiates the ignition of a fuel/air mixture retained within a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The amplified radiation, usually supplied in beam form according to appropriate timed intervals, is directed from a source for such radiation through a delivering conduit to a connecting member which directs the radiation beam into the combustion chamber. When the radiation provided has sufficient intensity, it will ignite the fuel/air mixture in accordance with the method of this invention. The radiation beam penetrates deep into the mixture traversing the width of the combustion chamber. The mixture absorbs radiant energy from the radiation beam and ignites at many points along the travel path of the radiation.

Abstract: A piston mainly composed of an aluminium alloy for use in a cylinder of aluminium alloy. The piston is provided with one or more inserts of ferritic steel. The insert or inserts extend across opposed thrust faces of the piston and form part of the running surface of the piston skirt.

Abstract: An apparatus and method having a first unit for creating mechanical movement with a certain frequency ofmovement. A second unit is operatively associated with the first unit for producing a pulsing electrical signal that has a pulse rate substantially proportional to the frequency of movement. A third unit is operatively associated with the second unit for producing a pneumatic signal that is substantially proportional to the pulse rate of the pulsing electrical signal.

Abstract: A rotary engine wherein a piston is moving within the inside of a cylindrical housing describing its geometrical center or shaft a hypocycloid while the remaining points are generated by a circumference gyrating in the inside of a hypocycloid. The piston is formed by a cylindrical drum with projecting radial vanes. The drum is supported by a crank mechanism which includes a first crank rotatable about the crankshaft and a second crank eccentrically rotatably supported on the first crank. The drum is rotatably supported on the second crank, and a pinion associated with the second crank meshingly reacts with a stationary crown gear, whereby the drum moves along said hypocycloidal path.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a transducer for issuing a signal representative of combustion pressure in a combustion chamber, a unit consisting of a bandpass filter and a wave-form shaping circuit for issuing a signal representative of existing combustion timing of the combustion chamber by processing the signal from the transducer for detection of rapid increase of the combustion pressure; a reference timing circuit for issuing a signal representative of a predetermined reference combustion timing of the combustion chamber in accordance with operation modes of the engine, a comparator circuit for issuing a signal representative of a difference between the signal from the unit and the signal from the reference timing circuit, and a unit consisting of a discriminating circuit and an actuator driving circuit for controlling the ignition timing, the air-fuel ratio of air-fuel mixture and the amount of exhaust gas recirculated into the intake system of the engine, by processing the

Abstract: A feedback type variable venturi carburetor in which the negative pressure regulated by the variable venturi at a constant level is supplied to a solenoid valve which is opened and closed at a frequency of 5-30 Hz and whose open-close time ratio is controlled in accordance with the signal from exhaust gas sensor to control the vacuum pressure applied to a diaphragm chamber of an air-bleed flow control means thereby controlling the air-fuel ratio of the mixture at an optimum level. This invention obviates the use of a regulator for regulating the negative pressure from the intake manifold and precludes the drawbacks experienced with conventional carburetors, such as the slow response in the feedback control caused when the main fuel system and the idling system of the conventional carburetor are switched over, and the unstable supply of fuel when the fuel begins to be delivered from the main fuel system.

Abstract: A control system improvement. A high speed air bleed path and a low speed air bleed path respectively bleed air into the high speed and low speed fuel circuits of a carburetor through either fuel circuit at any one time. A solenoid responsive to a control signal opens and closes the air bleed to control the quantity of air bled into the high speed and low speed circuits. The solenoid includes an isolator for isolating the high speed air bleed path from the low speed air bleed path to prevent cross flow of air from one air bleed path to the other. Cross flow of air between the paths adversely affects the degree of control over the delivery of fuel through the high speed and low speed fuel circuits.

Abstract: A system for controlling in a feedback control mode the air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture to be supplied to an internal combustion engine in response to the deviation from a reference value, of an output of an exhaust sensor for sensing the concentration of a component of engine exhaust gas. The reference value is varied even during stopping of the feedback control due to an lowered engine temperature, thereby preventing an erroneous control. Additionally, the reference value and the value of a current flow to the exhaust sensor are varied immediately when the feedback control is stopped due to lowering in the engine temperature, thereby quickening the initiation of the feedback control.