Abstract: Paper coating compositions contain at least one pigment, at least one binder, and as an insolubilizer for the binder an alkylated product of the reaction of glyoxal and a cyclic urea.

Abstract: A process for cleaning tank interiors uses a rotary element and a cleanser discharge nozzle and monitors the completion of each full revolution of the rotary element. The cleanser quantity made available per unit of time is monitored and/or controlled or regulated. In the process, the time of each revolution of the rotary element is monitored in such a fashion that said time is represented by the spacing in time of two voltage pulses, with the last voltage pulse serving as a reset pulse for the monitoring time. The monitoring time represents the requirement of a sufficient cleaning effect and exceeds by an adjustable percentage the set time of revolution for a rotary element. In the event each rotary element revolution is completed within the monitoring time, the monitoring begins anew. In the event that the time of revolution of the rotary element exceeds the monitoring time, an electrical, optical, or acoustical malfunction or control signal is given.

Abstract: In the production of a semiconductor device including an MISFET or a one transistor-one capacitor-memory cell, the excellent oxidation resistance of a silicon nitride film formed by direct nitridation, as well as the great oxidation tendency of a covering layer made of, for example, polycrystalline silicon selectively formed on the silicon nitride film, are utilized so as to form various regions of the semiconductor device in self alignment and to prevent a short circuit between such regions.A process according to the present invention comprises the steps of: selectively covering a semiconductor substrate with a relatively thick field insulation film; forming, on the exposed part of the semiconductor substrate, a relatively thin nitride film by direct nitridation; and selectively forming a film of silicon or a metal silicide on the silicon nitride film. A capacitor made of the silicon nitride is formed between the silicon or silicide film and the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: Metal substrate surfaces are protected against carbon accumulation when exposed to an environment wherein carbon-containing gases are decomposed. The protection is accomplished by the use of tantalum and/or tungsten entities deposited and/or diffused into the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A copper barrier type, nuclear fuel cladding is produced by forming an oxide layer on the inner wall surface of a tube of zirconium or zirconium alloy and then applying electroless copper plating to the oxide layer with a solution containing at least a copper salt, a complexing agent, a reducing agent, and 2,2'-dipyridyl, or further together with polyalkylene glycol as a plating solution. A good adhesiveness is obtained between the copper barrier layer and the oxide layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to the process of inhibiting corrosion, and to compositions employed therein, which comprises coating copper with a barrier corrosion inhibitor, such as a water insoluble sulfonate, for example a petroleum or similar sulfonate as illustrated by a metal petroleum sulfonate, which contains an agent capable of complexing with copper, such as an organic sulfur, nitrogen, or sulfur-nitrogen compound for example an organic triazole, thiazole or the like. This process is particularly effective in inhibiting the corrosion of copper buried in the earth such as occurs when copper is exposed to electrochemical forces such as when copper is employed as neutral wires wrapped around the outside of an insulated power conducting cable and buried in the earth.

Abstract: A method of making a low temperature bainite steel alloy gear includes forming a toothed gear having preferably preselected weight percentages of carbon, manganese, silicon, molybdenum, boron and the balance substantially iron, heating the gear to assure a substantially complete austenite morphology, quenching the gear toward a preselected temperature and avoiding transformation, and then holding the gear at the preselected temperature less than about two hours and transforming the austenite directly to substantially complete lower temperature bainite. Energy is saved by the short holding time and the usual further processing of the gear is avoided.

Abstract: A method of forming semiconductor devices incorporates etching during the slicing of a semiconductor ingot from which semiconductor wafers are formed. In addition, a partial slicing through the ingot yields partially cut wafers which are maintained integral beyond a diffusion step. Grinding is then employed to remove unwanted material, to shape, and to accomplish the separation of the wafers. A doped, silicon ingot is used with a solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide as the etchant. With the ingot in the [111] type of crystal orientation, the etching proceeds readily adjacent to the slicing cuts to facilitate the slicing, and proceeds slowly elsewhere to minimize material wastage. As a result, the formation of extremely thin wafers with minimal cutting loss is possible.

Abstract: Self-supporting water-bearing explosive products, e.g., for use as primers and in blasting and seismic charges, contain discrete cells of an aqueous solution of an inorganic oxidizing salt and/or of an amine salt encapsulated by a crosslinked (thermoset) resin matrix. The products are sensitized by a dispersed solid high explosive and/or gas bubbles or voids. Preferred primers are sensitized by PETN and are rigid. The products are made by crosslinking a liquid polymer in the continuous phase of an emulsion which contains the aqueous solution as a discontinuous phase.

Abstract: Polymer bonded nitramine based explosives and propellants are prepared by diation polymerization of a polymer precurser, such as methyl methacrylate, in mixture with a particulate nitramine, e.g. RDX, wherein the nitramine particles are coated with an effective amount of a liquid polyhydric alcohol for overcoming the action of the nitramine to inhibit or retard such radiation polymerization.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new method for manufacturing a SF.sub.6 pressurized gas continuous spacer cable, and improvements which reduce costs and improve quality control of high voltage cables. The conductor is passed through taping machines for surrounding the conductor with a continuous insulating spacer and through taping machines for applying a conducting shielding material which partially covers the spacer. The insulated and shielded cable is continued on in the same production line into conduit which is laid out horizontal in long lengths or is extruded loose-fit over the cable. The cable is then subjected to vacuum while in the conduit. Terminations are applied. Seals are tested for leaks. The cable is filled with SF.sub.6 gas to a high pressure. The cable is tested at 1.5 times its operating voltage to ground for 30 minutes without failure.

Abstract: A reinforced elastomeric drive belt 20 having tooth-like protuberances 21 for meshing with the teeth of a pulley is provided with reinforcing fibers 27 distributed through at least a portion of each tooth 21.Also provided is a method for building the improved belt and an improved apparatus for building such a belts.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for making a composite sheet of indefinite length and very large predetermined width from indefinite length sheet stock of relatively small width. Included is a supply roll of relatively narrow indefinite length synthetic rubber sheet material, and a conveyor which feeds out in a horizontal direction past a cutter a sheet of the narrow stock equal in length to the relatively large width of the desired composite sheet stock. After feeding out and cutting the desired length of narrow stock, the cut sheet is transferred laterally by a reciprocating vacuum pick-head to overlap the leading edge thereof with the trailing edge of the preceding laterally shifted cut sheet, effectively augmenting the composite sheet. A conveyor advances the composite sheet in the transverse direction to successively locate the lap joints therein at a lap joint pressing station whereat the lap joints are successively pressed to enhance the permanency of the joints.

Abstract: A method of making a plurality of bundles of hollow fibres with potted ends in which a plurality of channels are mounted, one or each side of the periphery of a polygonal wheel, with the open side of each channel facing radially outwardly. A hollow fibre, or a hank of hollow fibres, are fed to the wheel, which is rotated so that the fibres engage in the channels, and build up therein to form a bundle in each channel.Glue is applied by causing the fibre or fibres to engage intermittently on a glueing roller located upstream of the wheel, so that the glue is located at spaced intervals only on the fibre or fibres corresponding to the locations at which potting is required. The fibres are cut adjacent the point where the glue is applied.The channels may form part of the final hollow fibre apparatus, in which case the glue will be allowed to adhere to the channels also.

Abstract: This building component includes a peripheral sidewall and upper and lower walls forming a casing; a core of shredded waste material and an exterior plastic skin covering the casing. The method of making the component includes the steps of filling a peripheral form with shredded waste material, closing the form at the upper and lower ends incorporating it into the component by applying a reinforced plastic binder over the closed form.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for hot-stamping molded plastic containers in which the container is moved past a heated die having a platen with a printing die, the die being floatably movable so that linear uniform pressure is exerted between a confronting container surface and die surface. As the container moves across the die surface, it is rotated so that foil which is pinched between the container and die is transferred onto the surface of the rotatable container. The uniform linear pressure between container and die, transfers foil to the accompaniment of rotation of the container so that defect-free lamination of foil is transferred onto the container surface to form decorative or alpha numeric information. The operation is continuous, with successively spaced containers moving into printing position relatively to the die, where the hot-stamping operation is repeated. Containers are automatically removed after printing, and successive containers supplied either manually or automatically.

Abstract: The tire building machine comprises a tire building drum or shaper, annular bladders adjacent each end and a bead setter and bladder pusher mechanism movable axially of the drum selectively to set a tire bead in proper position and to push and effectively roll the bladder when inflated to cause the ply edges of the tire to be wrapped about the bead without air entrapment and stitched securely. Such mechanism includes a bead setting and pushing ring mounted for axial movement and hydraulic actuators are provided for effecting such movement. The ring has a flat face, a short axially extending radially inner annular surface or shelf for restricting expansion of a portion of the bladder rearwardly of the face when inflated thereunder, and a rounded inner peripheral edge or bead projecting beyond the shelf which grips the bladder when inflated to prevent relative sliding movement of the bladder and ring during bladder push.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing a tube from a strip of synthetic resin and/or unvulcanized rubber incorporating a vulcanizing agent by winding the strip on a former supported by a frame in the manner of a cantilever to shape the strip into a tubular body and heating the tubular body on the former by a heater while sending out the tubular body toward the free end of the former.

Abstract: Copy sheets having a re-fusable xerographic toner along an edge thereof are bound into booklets by arranging the sheets in a stack and re-fusing the toner so that the re-fused toner adheres adjacent sheets together. The re-fusing operation can be accomplished by a heating shoe and a patterned heating bar after each group of a few sheets is received from a copier so that the finisher operation can be carried on at the same rate copies are produced by the copier. Alternately, a larger stack of sheets can be bound together in an off-line basis by a simple heating step.

Abstract: Indium phosphide stoichiometry in III-V semiconductor devices is sensitive to processing conditions during liquid phase epitaxy deposition. Disclosed is a method for determining indium-to-phosphorus ratio in an n-type indium phosphide semiconductor surface layer by monitoring photoluminescence at an absorption band at or near 0.99 electron volt.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hollow structure of uniform wall thickness comprising the steps of selecting or forming a precursor having one wall surface of desired geometry, treating a portion of the precursor consisting of the one wall surface and a uniform depth of material beneath the wall surface to increase resistance to ablation, and then removing by ablation and discarding the remaining or untreated portion of the precursor.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of etching a semiconductor substrate having a region heavily doped with N type impurity atoms spaced from one surface thereof. The one surface of the substrate is masked with an oxide layer or the like and openings are formed in this layer to expose surface areas of the substrate. The substrate is exposed to a refractory metal hexafluoride at elevated temperature whereby the hexafluoride and the exposed substrate material react such that the refractory metal replaces the substrate material until the metal reaches the heavily doped region. This region substantially stops the reaction. Depending on the semiconductor device being made, the refractory metal can then be etched in an etchant that does not react with the semiconductor material to form a moat of uniform depth, or it can be left in place.

Abstract: In the patterning of an organic layer on a VLSI wafer by means of reactive oxygen (or other) ion anisotropic etching, build-ups of oxides (or other compounds) on the sidewalls of apertures formed in the organic layer are removed prior to etching the material, typically aluminum, of the VLSI wafer located at the bottom of these apertures, using the patterned organic layer as an etch mask.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaporating with heat regeneration has a plurality of evaporating stages, and an absorber which accommodates a multi-component mixture and is connected with the evaporating stages so that the vapor is admitted into the absorber and absorbed by the mixture with generation of heat which is further utilized for the evaporating process per se or another process.

Abstract: Process for reclaiming waste paper without deinking which involves pulping the waste paper in the presence of soft water and then adding to the pulp thus obtained a compound capable of liberating, in aqueous solution, ions with a positive charge equal to or greater than 2.

Abstract: Treatment of high yield wood pulp which has ether extractives of greater than about 3.0% at temperatures of about 105.degree. C. or higher for at least about 16 hours followed by fluffing of the heat treated pulp results in a relatively inexpensive absorbent for oil spills and the like. The oil is readily recovered from the absorbent or the oil and absorbent may be burned as fuel without separation.

Abstract: A core energy plant with closed working gas circuit, in which within an or safety container there are arranged a reactor core of pre-stressed concrete for heating the working gas, a working gas driven turbo-set with generator, and other components of the working gas circuit such as heat exchanger and gas storage means. The reactor core is separated from the turbo-set and other components and is arranged in a separate reactor chamber with walls of pre-stressed concrete, while the other components are respectively arranged in separate chambers, within an inner concrete container which has chambers for receiving the turbo-set with generator and the remaining components of the working gas circuit and which has its outer wall arranged adjacent the vertical inner wall of the outer safety container there is provided a recess for a pre-stressed concrete container for receiving the reactor core.

Abstract: A plant having feed water heating means for heating feed water supplied to a nuclear steam supply unit during plant start up and/or shutdown. High pressure heaters are positioned in a feed water delivery line between a feed water pump and a steam generator forming part of the nuclear steam supply unit. Steam is admitted into the high pressure feed water heaters from a main steam delivery line extending from the steam generator during start up to heat the feed water.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing contaminants from water having solid contaminants dissolved therein. Contaminated water flows across a grid and into a storage tank. The grid utilizes solar energy to heat that water to a predetermined temperature. A heat transfer structure which is dome-shaped and receives water from the storage tank and a preheater means utilizing solar energy heats the water to a further predetermined temperature. An evaporator means receives the heated water and exposes it to a vacuum condition so that the temperature of the water is above the saturation temperature. The water is thus vaporized, and solid contaminants dissolved therein are separated therefrom. The solids are deposited on a plurality of moving belts and are then moved into a solids removal system. The solids removal system comprises a plurality of trap door pairs upon which the solids are deposited and which are sequentially opened so that the vacuum conditions existing in the evaporator are not disturbed.

Abstract: The method of achieving a karat gold electroform includes the steps of forming an easily workable, substrate to a desired configuration and then applying an electrically conductive surface treatment if necessary. The configured, treated substrate is electroplated in a metallic bath until a self-supporting metallic shell is formed over the substrate. In known manner, the substrate is removed. The metallic shell is cleaned and then placed in a karat gold electroforming bath wherein a gold piece is built to the desired final thickness and karat by controlling current density and the plating time. The karat gold electroformed piece can be stress relieved by annealing at elevated temperatures for suitable periods of time and is then immersed in an acid bath to remove the metallic shell from the piece interior, thereby producing a configured shell of karat gold.

Abstract: A process to prepare a chemical enriched in isotope content which includes:(a) A chemical exchange reaction between a first and second compound which yields an isotopically enriched first compound and an isotopically depleted second compound;(b) the removal of a portion of the first compound as product and the removal of a portion of the second compound as spent material;(c) the conversion of the remainder of the first compound to the second compound for reflux at the product end of the chemical exchange reaction region;(d) the conversion of the remainder of the second compound to the first compound for reflux at the spent material end of the chemical exchange region; and the cycling of the additional chemicals produced by one conversion reaction to the other conversion reaction, for consumption therein. One of the conversion reactions is an oxidation reaction, and the energy that it yields is used to drive the other conversion reaction, a reduction.

Abstract: In a process for etching aluminum foil to increase its actual surface area to apparent surface area for use as an electrode in an electrolytic capacitor, a wire coil is placed adjacent the foil as it exits the etch station. The coil is energized to produce eddy currents in the foil. The voltage induced by theses eddy currents is sensed at the same coil or another coil. The foil drawing speed through the etch station is altered in response to that sensed voltage, or another process parameter is changed, to maintain at a constant value the ratio of the actual to apparent foil surface area.

Abstract: Directed to the use of non-resonant laser energy to initiate reactions in reaction mixtures containing ingredients of the kind and in the amounts capable of forming chain reactions.

Abstract: A method of making a humidity sensor which comprises an alumina substrate bearing a pair of noble metal electrodes. The electrodes are electrically connected to each other by an electrically conductive moisture-sensitive layer present on the substrate. In order to be able to monitor the moisture content of a gaseous atmosphere inside the housing of a sealed electronic device, for example an integrated circuit or an acoustic surface wave device, it is necessary to use a small sensor which can be used in a static atmosphere. According to the method, an electrode system may be formed by sputtering gold onto an alumina substrate. The substrate bearing the electrode system is then baked in air at a temperature in the range of from 100.degree. to 750.degree. C. for from 30 hours to 1/2 hour, and then a coating comprising orthophosphoric acid or phosphorus pentoxide is applied over that area of the substrate which is to bear the moisture-sensitive layer. The assembly is heated at from 50.degree. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell comprising a housing containing a plurality of alternating anode units and cathode units and an ion permeable membrane sheet disposed therebetween and having bonded to opposite sides of the membrane sheet a porous anode and a porous cathode, said cathode units comprising a pair of spaced foraminous electrical current cathode distributors of the same polarity forming a space for catholyte therebetween and means for flowing aqueous electrolyte through the catholyte space of the cathode unit and means for removing electrolysis products, the anode units comprising a pair of spaced foraminous electrical current anode distributors forming a space for anolyte therebetween, means for flowing aqueous halide solution through the said anolyte space and means for removing electrolysis products therefrom and means for uniformly compressing the units and membranes together whereby the current distributors are in firm electrical contact with their respective electrodes and to a novel method of generatin

Abstract: A cell is provided having an anode and cathode separated by an ion permeable membrane or diaphragm wherein an electrode layer is bonded to or otherwise embedded in on at least one and usually to both sides of the membrane. Polarity is imparted to a bonded or embedded electrode by pressing a crinkled resiliently compressible fabric against the membrane carrying the electrode layer. This fabric is substantially coextensive with the electrode layer and is constructed so that when compressed it exerts a substantially uniform elastic reaction pressure against the membrane carrying the electrode layer or a pliable foraminous sheet, i.e. screen, interposed between the membrane carrying the electrode layer and the resiliently compressible fabric. The resiliently compressible fabric has the ability of also transmitting pressure laterally so that pressure applied may distribute across the entire area of the layer and tendency to have local areas of too low or too high pressure is minimized or reduced.

Abstract: A hot aqueous waste, containing solids, such as tailings from the hot water extraction of bitumen from tar sands, is contacted with air to increase the heat and moisture content of the air, followed by contacting the heated and moisturized air with water to condense moisture from the air and increase the heat content of the water, with the heated water containing condensed moisture being employed as make-up hot water in the extraction. Water recovery can be further increased by subjecting at least a portion of the tailings, prior to contact with air, to an evaporation procedure wherein heat requirements are provided by indirect heat transfer with steam. Evaporate and condensed steam are employed in the extraction.

Abstract: An improved process for catalytically hydrodewaxing a petroleum feedstock selected from a petroleum distillate or residual fraction, by contact of the feedstock and hydrogen with a catalyst is disclosed where the catalyst is a synthetic ferrierite zeolite having incorporated therewith at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group VI B, Group VII B and Group VIII metals.

Abstract: Contaminants such as petroleum sulfonates, anticorrosion amines, and silicone oils are removed from a contaminated feedstock stream by contacting said feedstock stream with an adsorbent comprising bauxite. In a further aspect, a thus purified petroleum feedstock stream is hydrodesulfurized.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for separating titaniferous and ferruginous discolorants from a crude kaolin clay. A dispersed aqueous slurry of the clay is formed containing a deflocculant and a fatty acid collecting agent, and the slurry is conditioned to coat the discolorants with the collecting agent to thereby render the discolorants hydrophobic. A system of sub-micron sized magnetic ferrite seeding particles, the surfaces of which have been rendered hydrophobic, is thereupon added to the slurry. The seeded slurry is mixed to coalesce the hydrophobic-surfaced discolorants with the hydrophobic-surfaced seeding particles, and the slurry is then subjected to a froth flotation, which removes substantial quantities of the discolorants and seeding particles coalesced therewith, and also removes excess seeding particles and excess collecting agent.

Abstract: A system for separation of non-magnetic metal particles in a mixture using an inclined rotating drum and the action of a travelling electromagnetic field. The mixture is introduced at the upper end of the inclined drum which is externally driven about its outer circumference in one direction. Simultaneously, a shifting electromagnetic field is generated along the lower part of the outer periphery of the drum in an opposite direction to rotation of the drum. The mixture as it travels through the drum is repeatedly moved upward in the direction of drum rotation along the inner wall due to frictional forces or in the direction of the shifting electromagnetic field. The successive raising and tumbling to the bottom of the drum provides complete stirring and promotes separation irrespective of particle size. The force of the electromagnetic field is not reduced by coverage with non-magnetic particles and a clear path exists since the interior of the drum is free of any obstructions.

Abstract: An improved system for removing sludge from dam reservoir comprises a suction port, a delivery pipe, a float, a tug boat, several universal joints connected in the delivery pipe, a concentration alarming indicator, a boosting pipe, an ejector and a sludge consolidating means. The water of high static pressure is led through a boosting pipe into nozzles of an ejector so as to suck the air or muddy water near the bottom of a dam reservoir through the delivery pipe so that the sludge or sand existing deeply in the reservoir will be automatically discharged outside the dam without consuming electric or oil energy as driving a conventional pump.

Abstract: A pair of return fluid filters are supported within a main cavity of a hydraulic fluid reservoir for receiving fluid from the bottoms of respective return fluid cavities defined by a housing fixed to a top wall of the reservoir. Respective access covers close the cavities and are connected to the return fluid filters and to respective removable bottom plates of the cavities such that the filters may be withdrawn from the main cavity, via the return fluid cavities, for service or replacement. Each cavity is provided with a bypass valve which acts to bypass return fluid directly from the associated return fluid cavity to the main cavity in the event that the associated filter becomes clogged. Mounted on the housing in alignment with the bypass valves are respective switches which are respectively operated in response to movement of the bypass valves to their bypass position to energize a light to indicate the clogged filter condition to an operator.

Abstract: A water intake for example for taking cooling water for industrial installations from a river, a lake or the sea, has a sieve with a filter element and a recovery channel associated with the filter element for collecting and saving elements of the biomass which become stuck to the filter element. Electrodes are associated with the recovery channel 25 and are designed to induce an electrical field, at right angles to the recovery channel in the water to be tapped, so as to compel fish either to swim by themselves in the direction of this recovery channel or to allow themselves to be carried towards the recovery channel by a reverse water current induced at right angles thereto.

Abstract: A dual tank storage system is provided having a first generally cylindrical upstanding tank adapted to be positioned either adjacent to or within a second tank of larger diameter. The tanks are in fluid connection and are useful in systems requiring the segregated storage of two fluids until the fluids are mixed and used or in systems where a stored fluid is required periodically to regenerate the contents of another container. A cover is also provided which fits completely over the first tank, when the first tank is positioned within the second tank, and forms a seal with the upper rim of the second tank.

Abstract: A filtration assembly including a perforate basket, screen and filtration media is provided with bands of complementary releasable attachment means along mating surfaces. The complementary releasable attachment means permit the backing screen and filtration media to be installed in and removed from the perforate basket simply without tools, while retaining the backing screen and filtration media in proper alignment with the perforate basket during the filtration process.

Abstract: In a filter device a filter media belt is positioned over a horizontal grid panel. Ends of the belt extend beyond the panel and each is attached to a rotatable forward and rear spool carried outside a cover which encases the grid panel. The cover defines an inner chamber above the grid panel which may be selectively sealed by a closure of doors located at each end of the cover. The cover, doors, and grid panel are sufficiently reinforced to allow the inner chamber to be partially filled with a batch of a liquid-particulate mixture and then pressurized to force the liquid portion through the filter belt and grid panel. During pressurization, longitudinal gasket devices maintain edges of the filter belt sealed against the grid panel. With the liquid portion removed, the particulate in the form of a cake remains on the filter belt. The chamber then is depressurized, the doors opened, and the belt moved forward by rotation of the forward spool.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning the inside faces of pipes or tubes from foreign particles sticking thereto, by means of flexible cleaning elements which are oversized relative to the pipe/tube inside diameter to be cleaned, and which are forced through the pipes or tubes under hydraulic pressure is provided, wherein a bar screen disposed on the downstream side of the pipe/tube outlet separates the cleaning elements from the liquid. The apparatus includes a drum-shaped rotatable body having its axis of rotation disposed in a plane normal to the liquid stream direction of flow, on the inside of which there is a screen body or element arranged under such an angle relative to the direction of flow that a lower screen face extremity opens out into an outlet opening.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning the inside faces of pipes or tubes from foreign particles adhering thereto by means of flexible cleaning elements which are oversized relative to the pipe inside diameter to be cleaned, and which are forced through the pipes under hydraulic pressure. The invention is characterized by the fact that a screen is disposed in a casing in such a way that the sieve element is inclined in two different degrees of freedom relative to the centerline of the incoming liquid stream.

Abstract: The present invention resides in an improved ceramic foam filter particulary useful for filtering molten metal. The composition of the ceramic foam material is as follows: 50 to 70% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; 2 to 10% micron sized reactive alumina; 1 to 5% montmorillonite; 1 to 10% ceramic fibers; and from 5 to 25% of a ceramic binder or air setting agent.