Abstract: In a turbocharged internal-combustion engine, especially a Diesel engine, the turbocharger air delivery is arranged to match the air demand of the engine at low r.p.m., with the suction duct of the turbocompressor being provided with a throttle valve actuated to prevent the permitted charging pressure from being exceeded at higher r.p.m. by means of a regulating valve responsive to the charging pressure of the turbocompressor the actuation threshold of which is set to the permitted nominal supercharging pressure.

Abstract: A method and system for the temperature control of superheated steam in a power plant having a boiler coupled to a turbine, and a turbine bypass valve, wherein temperature control is achieved by regulating opening of the turbine bypass valve. To this end, process quantities indicative of the superheated steam temperature at the boiler outlet, the superheated steam pressure, the turbine inlet temperature, the turbine inner wall metal temperature, and the degree of opening of the turbine bypass valve are fed into a control system in which a mismatch temperature capable of leading steam into the turbine is calculated on the basis of such received process quantities. Then the control system outputs opening or closing operation command signals to the turbine bypass valve. The method is suitable to be carried out by means of a microprocesser.

Abstract: A coal-fired steam locomotive powered by reciprocating steam engines. The locomotive is a two-unit drawbar-coupled locomotive. The units, which are designated as a power unit and a support unit, are arranged back-to-back, with each having a cab-in-front. Operation of the locomotive is equally effective in both directions. The power unit basically contains a furnace and combustion system, an ash storage system, a gas cleanup and exhaust system, a boiler and steam generator, steam engines, a jet condenser, and a control cab. The support unit, on two 6-wheel trucks, contains a modular coal storage area, a stoker motor, a water storage area, heat transfer assemblies and fans for air-cooling circulating water, and a second control cab. The coal-gasification furnace, steam boiler, and steam engines are all in a closed system. Further, the steam engines of the locomotive are in the form of a four cylinder, balanced system for driving the running gear of the locomotive.

Abstract: A miniature cryogenic system preferably operating in a manner similar to a split Stirling cycle utilizes a cold finger with a solid, low weight displacer and a stationary regenerative material external to the displacer. The regenerative material preferably surrounds the displacer and extends from a fluid inlet to a cooled end plate of a housing. The displacer has a central channel that receives an auxiliary displacer that carries a regenerative material in an internal cavity. A second fluid inlet located at the end of the housing opposite the cooled end communicates with the regenerative material held in the auxiliary displacer. The main and auxiliary displacers preferably have associated heat exchangers at their cooling ends and the cooling end of the auxiliary displacer is located to pre-cool the fluid passing from the first inlet to the cooled end plate.

Abstract: An automobile air conditioner has a refrigeration cycle composed of a compressor, condenser, liquid tank, orifice means and an evaporator, as well as mechanical parts such as a radiator and radiator fan associated with the condenser and a blower combined with the evaporator. The compressor is operatively connected to the automobile engine through a connecting means so as to be driven by the engine selectively in accordance with the temperature in the passenger's compartment. According to the invention, the compressor is driven when the automobile is being braked, even if the temperature in the compartment is lower than a set temperature, to make an efficient use of the kinetic energy possessed by the mass of the automobile. The cold energy generated during braking is suitably stored and is released into the passenger's compartment as desired.

Abstract: A power control system for an electric motor driven cooling fan that directs air over the radiator and air conditioning condenser of a motor vehicle. The system includes a pulse width modulated voltage control device for controlling the voltage applied to the cooling fan motor from the vehicle engine driven generator. The voltage applied to the cooling fan motor can be controlled in response to engine coolant temperature, vehicle road speed, engine speed and the "on"/"off" state of the vehicle air conditioning system. A digital system that determines voltage pulse width in accordance with the above-mentioned variables is disclosed.

Abstract: A refrigeration control system for modulating an electrically-operated expansion valve in which a modulating, electrically-operated expansion valve is connected to the evaporator inlet, and first and second condition-responsive electrical sensors are positioned to respond to conditions at selected location in the system. An electrical amplifier circuit connects the condition-responsive electrical sensors to the valve for regulating the opening and closing of the valve in response to differences in the conditions sensed by the sensors. Refrigerant is fed to at least one of the sensors so as to cause modulation of the expansion valve. More particularly, the condition-responsive sensors are temperature-responsive, the first sensor being positioned to respond to the temperature of the liquid refrigerant expanded to suction pressure, and the second sensor being positioned to respond to suction line sensible temperature.

Abstract: The icing apparatus comprises an open frame structure for receiving cartons stacked in rows and columns on a pallet. These cartons contain perishable food such as broccoli brought in from the field and are to be treated with liquid ice to preserve their contents. Towards this end, the apparatus includes left and right carriages carrying horizontal rows of liquid ice injecting probes or nozzles. These carriages can move up and down left and right sides of the frame and also the probes themselves can be moved in and out towards and away from cartons on the pallet. By this arrangement, an upper horizontal row of cartons can be simultaneously iced by the horizontal row of probes by simply moving the same into the hand hold openings of the cartons. The carriage structures can then be lowered by the heighth dimension of the cartons and a next horizontal row of cartons simultaneously treated with liquid ice.

Abstract: A method for treating a gem stone to cause a marking thereon, wherein a photoresist resin is secured to the stone, a photographic film bearing the desired marking is applied over said resin, said resin is developed by exposing same to a light source, the exposed portions of said resin, as well as said film, are removed, and the thus-treated portion of the stone is subjected to a cathode bombardment in such a way that etching of the stone occurs in those locations which are not protected by said resin.

Abstract: A steering lock assembly for use in an automobile comprises a cylinder lock plug for controlling an ignition switch assembly with a mating key inserted in the cylinder lock plug and a steering shaft lock operatively associated with the cylinder lock plug for selectively locking and unlocking an automobile steering shaft. The cylinder lock plug comprises a key-operated barrel and the steering shaft lock comprises a locking member. As an element for transmitting rotation of the barrel, which is effected by turning the mating key inserted therein, to the locking member, a cam member is utilized, which cam member is integrally formed with the barrel.

Abstract: A locking and release mechanism includes two interlocked members, and two detents which hold the two interlocked members together. One of the two detents is magnetically operated and the other is mechanically operated. The mechanically operated detent involves the use of a mechanical operating member which moves through a channel, and an additional movable magnetic element which selectively blocks the channel. A special release member, which may be thought of as a key, carries both the mechanical member for extending through the channel and two magnets for operating the magnetically-operated detent, and the movable blocking member for the mechanically operated latch.

Abstract: A system for labeling, filing and carrying keys consisting of a connector member formed from a single elongated metal wire formed with a loop at each end and having a planar mid-portion for the receipt of a resilient sleeve. The description of the key is typed or written on a paper label which is attached to the resilient sleeve. A clear plastic protective sheath may be attached to the paper label. The connectors with their attached keys are attached to a split metal ring.

Abstract: Apparatus for winding helical wire coils which can be subdivided into discrete spiral binders for insertion into the perforations of steno pads, exercise books or like stationery products has a rotary mandrel whose periphery is adjacent to several rows of rotary wire guiding pins defining a helical path extending around the periphery of the mandrel. The axes of the pins are slightly offset with reference to radial positions relative to the mandrel so that the pins can readily rotate in response to lengthwise movement of the wire therealong and their inner end faces can be placed sufficiently close to the periphery of the mandrel so as to prevent a thin wire from penetrating into the space between the end face of a pin and the periphery of the mandrel.

Abstract: Apparatus for extrusion forging essentially comprises a double action hydraulic press composed of an inner ram. Extrusion forging of a billet is accomplished by placing the billet in a container and inserting a punch into the container thereby forcing the billet through the die. After the extrusion forging, the punch is raised to a prescribed level and held there and the container is subsequently raised. Since the undeformed part of the billet is attached fast to the container, the rising container drags the extruded part of the billet out of the die and, at the same time, brings the undeformed part of the billet into powerful collision with the punch and consequently knocks the extrusion forged product out of the container.

Abstract: Two elongated gripping members (12,12) cooperate to form a closed pressure chamber about a waxed billet (61). The gripping members are reciprocated relative to an extrusion station (13), such reciprocation first moving the pressure chamber toward and past the extrusion station so as to extrude the billet through a die (66) at the extrusion station, and then returning the gripping members, in separated condition, to their initial positions to permit the immediate loading of another billet between the gripping members. Also disclosed are various additional systems, e.g.

Abstract: A production system for simultaneously correcting multiple distortions in multiple extensions of an irregular workpiece within tolerance requirements including for each distortion a gauge for determining direction and magnitude automatically employed to monitor corrective deflection beyond yield point under an electronic controller program which automatically initiates, controls, and terminates simultaneous corrective deflection in either or both of two planes at each of multiple workpiece locations. The program is adapted to vary with the relative as well as the individual distortions and to update the straightening program with the straightening experience data of each successive workpiece in order to approach an optimum of simultaneous single stroke corrective deflection of the multiple distortions in multiple planes within total workpiece tolerances.

Abstract: To manufacture a jet nozzle, the nozzle plate is first drawn through a drawing ring of spring steel in one operation by a press and punch die having the internal dimensions of the jet nozzle, the plate subsequently being punched during further drawing in a hard elastic plastic block which serves as a cutting cushion. The drawing ring is then slightly pressed into the plastic. All parts of the press and punch tool which are subject to the pressure exerted by the die and the die itself have been polished to be free from hair lines.

Abstract: In manufacture of a can body by drawing a cup from a blank and subsequently redrawing the cup, one or more redrawing steps are performed by pulling the sidewall of the cup (2) by means of a punch (12) through an S-shaped path (30,24,31), whereby the wall is bent first in one direction and then in the other, to reduce its diameter, which is then reduced further in a convergent portion (20) of the die (10). The bending induces back tensions which stretch the metal and reduce its wall thickness.

Abstract: A method of forging track tractor rollers, which comprises busting of a billet to a preformed coned end and placing a split ring around the coned end of the busted and preformed billet, and inserting the same in a blocking die to form flanges by blocking against the split ring and removing the split ring and billet. When placed in a finishing die, the hollow of the roller is preformed by a displacement method which forces the metal into the flanges against the split ring.

Abstract: A pull gun (10) is used for pulling a mandrel (12) through an expandable sleeve (124) positioned in a fastener hole (130, 132) having a countersink (140). The mandrel expands the sleeve (124) as it moves therethrough, causing the sleeve to put the metal which surrounds the hole (132, 130) and the countersink in a state of compression. The pull gun has an axially split, expandable countersink prestressing device (16) having a generally central passageway (38) through which the mandrel (12) travels axially as it is being retracted into the pull gun. The prestressing device (16) has conical end surfaces (46) to prestress the countersink as the mandrel is pulled through the hole. The device (16) has an axially split sleeve retainer (76) extending therein so as to retain the sleeve within the fastener hole when the mandrel is being retracted. The sleeve retainer (76) is in contact with the sleeve externally of the gun and has its inner end secured in the gun.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing, handling and installing hose clamps pursuant to which the clamp structures are stamped out as flat blanks, are shipped as flat blanks to the user where they are preformed into an ideal shape for assembly about the object to be fastened by bending the free ends of the clamp in mutually opposite directions.

Abstract: A tool (10) for setting rivet nuts (45) in which the non-rotatable collet (23) moved by handles (11,12) and receives in threaded engagement the mandrel holder (29) so that the mandrel holder (29) is axially adjustable with respect to the collet (23). Mandrels (36) are readily inserted in, secured to and removed from the mandrel holder (29) so that a selected mandrel (36) can be used for each type of rivet to be set against selected anvils (18, 20 and 62). Tool (10) is adjustable in various ways to ease placing the rivet (45) on the mandrel (36), affecting adjustment of the position of the rivet nut (45) vis-a-vis the anvil (18, 20 and 62) for a proper and effective pulling stroke and adjusting the travel of the collet during the stroke.

Abstract: A tube expanding tool of a type having a body (1) with a pair of handles (3,26) arranged to move a tapered drift (15) into radially expandable jaws, characterized by a push rod (17) hingedly connected to the drift (15) and engaging a cam face (25) on the handle (26) pivoted on the body (1) to have the point of contact between the face (27) on the push rod (17) and the cam face (25) of the lever (26) positioned on, or adjacent to, the axis of movement of the drift (15).

Abstract: A device for indicating the angular movement of a tube bender and the like is disclosed comprising a plate assembly having an alignment groove for attaching, in desired position, the plate to the elongated handle of the tube bender, and wherein the plate assembly has an arcuate spirit level with an angular movement position indicator air bubble inside and has angle marked surface adjacent the arcuate spirit level.

Abstract: Apparatus for simulating varying levels of friction in the bearings 13 of a free rolling tail afterbody 11 on a canard-controlled missile 12 to determine friction effects on aerodynamic control characteristics. A ring 16 located between the missile body and the afterbody is utilized in a servo system to create varying levels of friction between the missile body and the afterbody to simulate bearing friction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing of impact toughness of a bend specimen having a notch or similar in a middle portion thereof. According to the invention the bend specimen is supported by a rigid support in a middle area at the opposite side of the specimen with respect to the notch, and is hit from the notched side at two points, positioned on each side of the middle area, with a hammer comprising two spaced-apart hitting edges. The hammer may be of pendulum type and mounted for pivotal movement around a horizontal axis positioned above said specimen.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the density profile of a layer of liquid includes a plurality of individual tubes arranged in side-by-side fashion, each of the tubes having an inlet opening in its lower end. A vacuum manifold is connected to the apertured upper ends of the tubes. The apertures in the lower ends of the tubes are vertically staggered and the tubes are vertically oriented with the lower ends of the tubes immersed in the liquid, so that the inlet openings are differentially spaced from the surface of the liquid. The application of a vacuum to the tubes causes liquid from the different levels to be drawn into the tubes, the height of the liquid in the tubes above the surface being proportional to the density of the liquid drawn into the tubes through the inlets.

Abstract: To permit individual evaluation of the combustion processes in the respective cylinders (1a-d) of an internal combustion (IC) engine (2), individual optical pick-ups (3a-d; 4a-d) are coupled to the respective cylinders, the output signals either in optical or electrical form are conducted to separate pick-ups for individual evaluation or, alternatively, the output signals are combined and then again separated out by a steering circuit. Individual evaluation can be accomplished by locating light guide fibers from the sensors in a predetermined position with respect to opto-electrical transducers; by forming scanning windows, for example by a rotating disk (19, 20) rotating n in synchronism with the engine and permitting passage of light from the respective fibers of the light guides to respective pick-ups; or by combining the light outputs from the respective sensors (4) either optically by intermixing light guide fibers in a common cable (6'), or electrically in an equivalent OR-circuit (FIG. 8: R.sub.

Abstract: A monitoring system for hydraulic pipelines and/or actuating devices including a volume flow sensor having a toothed rotor similar to that in a toothed rotor motor by which movements of the toothed rotor can be sensed by no-contact detectors which emit electrical pulses in respect of discrete quantities of oil displaced by and equal to the volume of a tooth of the toothed rotor. The system also includes a device by which the pulses are processed with respect to the direction of flow through the volume flow sensor and to the pulse frequency. The system also includes an indicator indicative of current operating conditions and a counter by which, after a limiting frequency has been exceeded, the pulses are counted and upon reaching a specified pre-assigned number of pulses that succeed one another during a period of uninterrupted counting a signal of leakiness is generated.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for predicting the extrusion performance of a thermoplastic resinous polymer, which includes at least three and preferably four capillaries arranged in series with each successive capillary having a larger passageway than that of the immediately preceding capillary and with each capillary having substantially the same ratio of passageway length to cross-sectional area. The apparatus also includes a pump for forcing a heated polymer melt through the capillaries at a constant volumetric flow rate, a sensor for measuring the temperature of the polymer melt, a sensor for measuring the pressure drop of the polymer across each capillary, and a combination recorder and processor for determining the polymer viscosity in each capillary (different shear rates), whereby the extrusion performance of the polymer can be predicted. A method for predicting extrusion performance of a thermoplastic resinous utilizing these polymer capillaries is also provided.

Abstract: An engine analyzer performs electrical tests on a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine under the control of the digital computer. The engine analyzer includes a hardware cylinder counter which keeps track of the current cylinder number while various engine tests are performed. The hardware cylinder counter is a programmable digital counter under the control of the computer which performs the cylinder count function independent of operation of the computer. The counter has jam inputs for receiving an input count from the computer which represents the number of cylinders of the engine under test. The counter is counted down in response to a cylinder clock signal. The counter is reset to the digital value at its jam inputs whenever its Set input is pulsed. A synchronizing circuit is responsive to a No. 1 cylinder pulse and to a carry-out pulse which is produced by the counter when the count reaches zero. The counter is reset to the input count whenever the No. 1 pulse or the carry-out pulse is present.

Abstract: In a fluid flow rate measuring apparatus having a sensor including an electric heater resistance wire and first and second temperature dependent resistance wires and a measuring circuit, each of the resistance wires is wound to be held firmly in place on a supporting member made of an electrical insulating material, and the electric heater resistance wire and the first temperature dependent resistance wire, which is responsive to the temperature of the fluid under measurement heated by the electric heater resistance wire, are wound on the same supporting member alternately and close to each other so that the winding direction thereof makes an angle from 60.degree. to 120.degree. to the direction of the flow of the fluid under measurement. Further, each of the supporting members is constructed and arranged so as to minimize the influence of the heat capacity thereof and also to avoid the occurrence of turbulence in the flow of the fluid which is detrimental to the flow rate measurement.

Abstract: To measure the height of the surface of a fluent material, such as coal, in a bunker or container, pulsed radiation from a microwave source is beamed down on to said surface, and the return radiation reflected from the surface is processed to detect pulses in the waveform with time-varying amplitudes, and therefore denoting returns from the fluent material, and to reject fixed shape pulses denoting returns from the fixed structure of the bunker. To discriminate between returns of time-varying amplitude (i) from the fluent material surface and (ii) from material flowing in from an in-feed, the higher frequency components, denoting the material flowing in, are filtered out.

Abstract: A liquid level indicator which includes a plurality of pairs of optical fibers and a common carrier supporting at least an end portion of each fiber. The carrier is formed with an elongated passage into which, in use, liquid flows to a height dependent on the liquid level to be monitored. The end portions of each pair of fibers are separated by the passage and have their axes generally coextensive, while the end portions of adjacent pairs of fibers are spaced apart along the passage. The end surfaces of end portions of each pair of fibers are inclined at an acute angle to the axis of the fibers such that transmission of light from one fiber to the other is substantially prevented if the liquid does not fill the region of the passage between the fibers, while light is transmitted between the fibers if the region of the passage is filled with the liquid.

Abstract: A device for the electric monitoring of the level of a liquid contained in a container, comprising at least one temperaturedependent resistance sensor immersed in the liquid the level of which is to be monitored, a constant current source being connectable to the resistance sensor under the control of a program control device controlling a device for detecting and storing the initial voltage drop on the resistance sensor at an initial time and the measurement voltage at a specified time after connection of the constant current source, and a device for evaluating the voltages by subtracting the measurement voltage from the initial voltage and under the circumstances inverting the difference to form a display voltage which corresponds to the level of the liquid.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed tank gauge apparatus which continuously monitors the fluid level in a closed crude oil tank. A sensor device measures the liquid level in the tank. The sensor device communicates with the interior of the tank, and is isolated from ambient, so that no dangerous gases can escape from the tank, through the tank gauge apparatus, and into the surrounding atmosphere. The sensor device is arranged to continuously drive a recorder apparatus in response to change in liquid level thereof so that the quantity of fluid flowing into and out of the tank over a long interval of time can be ascertained. The sensor device and the recorder are tamper proof and enable accurate records of tank contents to be recorded.

Abstract: A wrist or arm wrestling-type game system wherein the player tests or measures his strength by crushing one, two, or more cans, for example aluminum, beer-type cans within a measured time period. The can (or cans) to be crushed is (are) set upon a platform incorporated in the body of the strength testing game device. The player then inserts a coin in a slot (if the device is designed to be coin operated). places his elbow upon a resting pad, grasps a handle and pulls the handle down to drive a mechanical (or hydraulic) system to crush the cans. The handle pulls a cable which is run through a series of pulleys and which is attached (in a first embodiment) to a strongback. The strongback crushes the can against the platform. One of the pulleys through which the cable has been run can be attached to a spring pressure cylinder which measures the force exerted by the player when crushing the can. The placement of the player's elbow upon the elbow pad activates a start switch which in turn activates a timer.

Abstract: A portalbe apparatus is disclosed for the diagnosis of a rotating machinery utilizing a fast Fourier transform frequency spectrum analysis system. The presence or absence of an abnormality or trouble in the rotating machinery is determined by selecting high amplitudes out from the frequency spectrum computed by the FFT frequency spectrum analysis system, arithmetically processing distribution data of spectrum amplitudes adjacent each frequency giving the corresponding high amplitude, and detecting the amplitude, at which the frequency of vibrations of the rotating machinery has attained a maximum value, together with such frequency. The diagnosis of the rotating machinery with this apparatus can be performed in situ, i.e., at the site of installation of such machinery.

Abstract: A pressure transducer for measuring the difference in pressures between two liquids, includes two very closely spaced plates, at least one of which is a diaphragm, and opposed conductive coatings on these two closely spaced plates. The space between the two plates is evacuated, and a low viscosity silicon oil is drawn in through a conduit to completely fill the space between the two plates. The conduit leading to the space between the plates is filled up to a certain point with the low viscosity fluid, and a thin membrane or bellows tightly seals this conduit. One of the two liquids, the pressure of which is to be measured, is channelled to the outer side of the membrane or bellows; and the other of the two liquids is conducted to the outer surface of the diaphragm of the pressure transducer.

Abstract: A device for ascertaining the internal pressure in a pressure system, particularly in a fuel injection pipe system, wherein the pressure to be measured is contained within an element which includes at one point a wall portion of reduced thickness so as to act like a membrane, and wherein a sensor device is included which is positionable in engagement with the membrane-like wall portion to detect any elastic deformation and variation of the membrane caused by the influence of the internal pressure.

Abstract: A device and procedure for measuring the strength of brittle material such as concrete in which a measurable torque is applied to a body member embedded in the material. The body member has a reacting surface which contacts a portion of the material to be tested and exerts a compressive force thereon in response to the application of torque to the body member. A thin layer of compressible material is provided on the body member adjacent the reacting surface to ensure unimpeded localized rupture of the material during the test. Torque is applied to the body member through an elongated rod which has one end secured to the body member and the opposite end extending outwardly from a surface of the material. In a preferred embodiment, the elongated rod is first turned in one direction to break the bond between the material and the device and turned in the opposite direction to apply the compressive force to a portion of the material.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and method for testing tube welds, and more specifically the seams or joints of tubular metal pipe which may be tested rapidly and efficiently under mechanical load conditions which are applied stepwise.

Abstract: A transducer crystal is coupled to a coupling plastic material made of a compression molded polyimid amide. Two cooperating transducer housings are formed of two wedges of material cut from the same rectangular billet. The wedge angle is calculated after measuring the sonic velocity of the billet. A novel buffer is applied to the rear surface of the transducer crystal and consists of an epoxy body having tungsten powder and small particles of an elastomer distributed therein. The transducer body is mounted on a support track which has a similar configuration for numerous different mounting arrangements. The transducer housings are axially spaced from one another along the axis of the pipe and are set to a given spacing by locating a mounting clip on an index plate on the track. Transducers for a portable type application have tracks connected to one another along one of their sides by a flexible but tough sheet of material which fixes the spacing of the tracks for a given pipe diameter.

Abstract: A transducer assembly comprising an inner, primary, transducer having a pair of transducers fixed to a liner or cavity for providing the fluid compression sending and receiving signals for measuring the velocity and change of composition of fluid in the cavity which is being inspired and expired by a patient in a setting, such as in an intensive care unit of a hospital. The inner transducer is disposed in a heated housing to maintain the temperature of the inner transducer at a temperature above the saturation point of the fluid being measured and is further provided with (1) an acoustical absorber to prevent sound energy from the connection tubes, which connect the transducer assembly to endotracheal tubing, from adversely affecting fluid measurements and, (2) water absorbing material to prevent water, which might condense in the connecting tubing, from entering the inner transducer and affecting the fluid measurements.

Abstract: At a pair of recesses formed on an inner wall of a conduit along a line slanted with respect to the flow direction of a respiration gas flowing through the measuring conduit, a pair of ultrasonic transducers are provided with their ultrasonic transmitting and receiving surfaces oppositely facing each other along the above line. A propagating time T1 from the time when one of said ultrasonic transducers is driven to produce ultrasonic wave until the other transducer receives the ultrasonic wave, and a propagating time difference .DELTA.T are measured. A digital processor calculates a flow velocity of the respiration gas using the measured values in accordance with the following equation ##EQU1## where d is a distance between the pair of transducers free from an effect by the flow velocity of the gas; L a distance influenced by the flow velocity of the same; .theta. an angle of the direction of the respiration flow with respect to a line coupling the pair of transducers; .DELTA.

Abstract: A modular orifice meter construction comprising a main housing wherein an orifice disc carrier is positioned to seal around axially aligned flow tubes. A service housing with an access opening for replacement of orifice discs may be bolted into the main housing. A closure for said access opening is pivoted to the service housing and is normally held closed by a wedging clamp lock. A pinion rotatably mounted on the service housing raises and lowers the orifice disc carrier by engagement with a rack on the carrier. An isolating gate valve may be mounted between the main and service housings.

Abstract: A flow-sensing probe adapted to be mounted in a conduit for indicating the flow rate of a fluid passing through the conduit. The probe has forward openings facing in the direction of fluid flow, and rear openings disposed at an angle of about one hundred and ten degrees with respect to the forward openings. Pressures sensed by the forward and rear openings are used to indicate volumetric flow by using a flow coefficient that is independent of Reynold's number.

Abstract: A strain transducer system 10 and process for making same is disclosed wherein a beryllium-copper ring 13 having four strain gages 12, 14, 26 and 28 disposed thereon and electrically connected in Wheatstone bridge fashion to output instrumentation 25. Tabs 16 and 20 are bonded to a balloon or like surface 11 with strain on the surface 11 causing bending of ring 13 and providing an electrical signal through gages 12, 14, 26 and 28 proportional to the surface strain. FIG. 2 illustrates a pattern of a one-half ring segment as placed on a sheet of beryllium-copper for chem-mill etch formation, prior to bending and welding of a pair of the segments to form a ring structure 13.

Abstract: A device, and method of using such a device, for measuring tension in a thin flexible tape by guiding the tape along a curved path between two parallel curved guides, supplying pressurized gaseous medium to each side of the tape, and measuring the difference in gas pressure between the two sides of the tape. Measuring ducts, terminating substantially opposite each other in the curved guide surfaces are connected to at least one pressure transducer which in turn is connected to an electrical measuring circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for measuring physical properties of a sample material at controllable temperatures and pressures. The apparatus includes a sample cell for holding fluid and/or solid samples. The cell includes at least one optically transparent window permitting visual and electromagnetic energy observations of the sample. A probe functions within the cell to collect a subsample for movement to apparatus for measuring properties and for returning the subsample to the cell. One form of optically transparent window is a sapphire. The cell is intended for measurements of physical properties at temperatures from about -40.degree. F. to about +400.degree. F. and at pressures from vacuum to at least 20,000 pounds per square inch.