Abstract: The invention is concerned with a textile spinning machine particularly a ring spinning machine, and is directed to the provision of a tension reliever between the delivery rollers and the yarn balloon, which has the effect of producing a tension differential between the yarn forming the balloon, and the yarn travelling from the delivery rollers to the tension reliever. In order to facilitate piecing-up of the yarn after a breakage, the tension reliever has a drive wharf and a capstan device which includes a yarn engaging capstan element, the capstan device permitting threading in a radial direction, and having a snap-in connection with the wharf, so that the capstan device can be completely detached from the drive wharf for a piecing-up operation.

Abstract: In a gas turbine engine the vent for the bearing compartment has a restriction therein to control the airflow from the compartment and this restriction is variable in response to an engine parameter so as to control the pressure drop across the air seals for the compartment.

Abstract: A low emission combustor assembly particularly suited for an automotive gas turbine engine has an inlet plenum supplied with regenerated compressor discharge, an exhaust plenum, a diffusion flame combustion chamber disposed between the inlet and exhaust plenums, and a catalytic combustion chamber also disposed between the inlet and exhaust plenums so that parallel flow paths are established between the inlet and exhaust plenums. During engine start-up, fuel is supplied only to the diffusion flame combustion chamber and regenerated compressor discharge simultaneously flowing through the catalytic combustion chamber heats the catalyst to operating temperature and cools and dilutes exhaust from the diffusion flame combustion chamber.

Abstract: A secondary air introducing apparatus for introducing secondary air into the exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus includes a secondary air introducing passage connected between the air cleaner and the exhaust manifold of the engine, a check valve in the passage arranged to operate in response to pulsation pressure in the exhaust manifold to supply clean secondary air thereto, a first expansion chamber interposed in the passage on an upstream side of the check valve, and a second expansion chamber interposed in the passage on an upstream side of the first chamber. At least the check valve and the first chamber are fixedly mounted on the intake manifold.

Abstract: A heat-shielding plate is placed on a surface of automotive exhaust means. The heat-shielding plate has a fitting portion to be fixed to a portion of said exhaust means by bolt means, a heat-shielding plate body for covering the portion of the exhaust means, and a mesh portion disposed between the fitting portion and the heat-shielding plate body.

Abstract: A booster for a vehicle braking system has an input piston, a boost piston and an output piston working a bore, the boost piston being advanced in the bore in response to pressure fluid from a source pressurizing a boost chamber under control of a valve.The operation of the valve is dependent on the pressure in the system, and the valve has a valve mechanism working in a bore in the boost piston of which one part has a pressure-responsive face, the valve being operative, on initial movement of the input piston to cause pressurization of the braking system to the threshold level, and application of pressure fluid to the pressure-responsive face to move the part relative to the input piston to place the boost chamber in communication with the pressure source. Threshold pressurization of the braking system may be achieved by pressurization of the boost chamber, or an auxiliary chamber forward of the boost piston to a predetermined level.

Abstract: A power generating station (20) having a generator (28) driven by solar heat assisted ambient wind is disclosed. A first plurality of radially extending air passages (32) direct ambient wind to a radial flow wind turbine (34) disposed in a centrally located opening (46) in a substantially disc-shaped structure (21). A solar radiation collecting surface having black bodies (40) is disposed above the first plurality of air passages (32) and in communication with a second plurality of radial air passages (44).A cover plate (50) enclosing the second plurality of radial air passages (44) is transparent so as to permit solar radiation to effectively reach the black bodies (40). The second plurality of air passages (44) direct ambient wind and thermal updrafts generated by the black bodies (40) to an axial flow turbine (48) which also derives additional motive power from the air mass exhausted by the radial flow turbine (34). The rotating shaft (26) of the turbines (34) (48) drive the generator (28).

Abstract: A thermal power plant having multi-staged steam turbines and heat exchangers therebetween, each heat exchanger extracting heat from the supply to an upstream stage for adding heat to the supply of the next successive downstream stage; a portion of the supply to the last downstream stage being diverted through a heater for adding heat to the feedwater flow to a boiler. Additional heat exchangers may be provided between stages for utilizing the feedwater to cool the working steam. One form of heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of axially spaced annular chambers having vortex flow producing means adjacent the inner peripheries thereof; whereas another form of heat exchanger is provided with a helically finned interior chamber in fluid communication with upstream guide vanes for inducing vortex flow.

Abstract: A heater unit for heating water which is supplied to a steam-generating boiler of an electric energy production installation which includes an alternator driven by a turbine having at least one low-pressure body (9) connected by a housing (15), to a steam condenser situated under said low-pressure body, said heater unit comprising a nest of tubes located inside said housing and being supplied with water coming from an extraction circuit for the condenser (14) and the outer surface of the tubes being supplied with steam drawn off from the low-pressure body, the nest of tubes being substantially horizontal and perpendicular to the axis (10) of the turbine, the cross-section of the nest (1) of tubes of said heater unit being narrow and elongate and the length of said cross-section being disposed substantially vertically, the nest of tubes being enclosed in a casing (16) which both channels the steam around the nest of tubes and receives the steam bleed-off pipes (15), wherein the cross-section (7) of said casing

Abstract: Governor devices are described for use on multi-engine plants, some of whose engines experience periodic torque variations, which act upon the torque regulator of at least one of the engines to maintain a steady torque and speed of the common final power output shaft of the plant.

Abstract: Each cylinder of an internal combustion engine is provided with a reciprocative piston and a combustible fuel intake port controlled by an intake valve. A steam generation chamber communicates with the cylinder through a steam inlet port controlled by a steam inlet valve which is opened by steam pressure in the generation chamber. The generation chamber also communicates with a combustible fuel exhaust pipe through a combustible fuel exhaust port controlled by a fuel exhaust valve the opening of which is also accompanied by opening of the steam inlet valve. The steam generation chamber also communicates through a water injection valve and, preferably, a heat exchanger associated with the exhaust pipe, with a source of water under super-atmospheric pressure. A steam exhaust port, controlled by a steam exhaust valve, also communicates the cylinder with a steam condenser the outlet of which communicates with a supply reservoir for the water source.

Abstract: An engine which utilizes gas and compressed air to provide propulsive force. A compressor and a turbo are connected to the engine to provide compressed air for driving the engine to either supplement or replace the gas.

Abstract: A free piston displacer control means based on an offset axis mass attached o a crankshaft flywheel in which the rotating crankshaft reciprocates the piston displacer by driving the piston during the momentum of the stroke and by static braking at the end of each stroke at the period of maximum pressure exchange across the cooler frictional seal.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for operating any centrifugal piston expander to convert energy derived from a heat source into mechanical energy. Pressured gas received from the heat source is circulated through the centrifugal piston expander, then to a series connected heat exchanger and compressor to recompress same and to remove sufficient heat to satisfy the entropy requirements of the closed cycle, and then is resupplied to the heat source for recirculation. Several types of centrifugal piston expanders are disclosed including one type wherein the centrifugally produced stroke of each piston is utilized to force the expanded gas into the subsequent apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recovering atmospheric moisture utilizing a wind driven electrical generator for powering a mechanical refrigeration system for condensing atmospheric moisture. A housing is provided forming an atmospheric duct with a turbine mounted therein and drivingly connected to the electrical generator. The refrigeration system includes an evaporator positioned in the atmospheric duct whereon water vapor is condensed. In the practice of the method for recovering atmospheric moisture, electrical current is generated from wind and powers the refrigeration system which includes the evaporator. Atmospheric moisture is condensed on the evaporator and collected.

Abstract: A solid methyl cellulose desiccant wherein from about 0.6 to 1.8, preferably 0.9 to 1.5 of the available hydroxyl groups of the anhydroglucose units of the cellulose entity have been replaced by methyl, or methyl and hydroxyl alkyl or carboxy alkyl groups, if any, containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, e.g. hydroxy ethyl, hydroxy propyl, carboxyl methyl and the like. In the solid methyl cellulose desiccant, at least one of the substituting groups must be methyl, with the remainder of the substituting groups, if any, hydroxy alkyl or carboxy alkyl, or both; preferably carboxy methyl, if any. At least one-half of the substituting groups are methyl, and preferably at least two-thirds of the substituting groups are methyl; the balance of the substituting groups, if any, being hydroxy alkyl or carboxy alkyl groups.

Abstract: Process for producing cold and/or heat, making use of an absorption cycle and wherein carbon dioxide is the working fluid, comprising the steps of:(a) heating a solution L.sub.1 of carbon dioxide in a liquid solvent so as to obtain a carbon dioxide gaseous phase G.sub.1 and a desorbed liquid phase S.sub.1,(b) dissolving said gaseous phase in a liquid solvent S.sub.2 therefor while removing the evolved heat,(c) heating under reduced pressure the solution obtained in step b so as to desorb a carbon dioxide phase G.sub.2 therefrom and form a desorbed liquid phase S.sub.3,(d) admixing S.sub.1 and G.sub.2 at the pressure level of G.sub.2 while removing heat and increasing the pressure of the resulting solution L.sub.3 to the pressure of L.sub.1 and recycling it at least partially to step a, and(e) recycling at least a portion of S.sub.3 to step b after recompression to the pressure level of G.sub.1, in order to reconstitute S.sub.2.

Abstract: The invention relates to refrigerator apparatus and particularly to the defrosting thereof. The thermostat is responsive to evaporator temperature and has first and second displacement ranges for respectively controlling the normal operation and the defrosting operation via first and second switches. A counter counts the cyclical operations of the first switch and at a predetermined count actuates an interrupter switch which is effective to block power to the compressor motor and direct power to the defroster heating apparatus. At a predetermined evaporator temperature the second switch is actuated which serves to reset the counter and this has the effect of ending the defrost cycle and returning the apparatus to normal operation under the control of the first switch.

Abstract: A tubular housing made up of a pair of sections forms a tubular inner compartment of a cross dimension larger than the outer diameter of a pipe in which water is to be frozen. The housing has opposite flanges arranged to be abutted together and bolt fasteners are provided in the flanges for releasably securing the housing sections together for installing and removing them laterally on a pipe. The end walls of the housing have openings arranged to fit around the pipe on which the housing is mounted and such openings have seals to provide a sealed engagement with the pipe. An inlet for freezing material extends into one side of the housing adjacent one end of the latter and an outlet for gas from the freezing material extends from the housing on the same side as the inlet and adjacent the other end of the housing. The two housing sections are symmetrically constructed whereby the inlet will be in one of the sections and the outlet will be in the other section.

Abstract: A multiple fluid medium solar energy system for a building comprising a solar panel mounted exteriorly of the building. Interiorly, there is included a room air temperature conditioning assembly. A pair of heat exchangers are provided which define seven flow paths. A temperature storage water circuit is provided including an insulated water storage tank, a pump for pumping water from the storage tank and a water return line for directing water into the storage tank, and a line for directing water from the pump to the water return line alternatively (1) through the second flow path or (2) the sixth flow path.

Abstract: The parallel contact distillative freezing process is an improved distillative freezing process. The distillative freezing process is used in separating a mixture containing at least two volatile components, denoted respectively as A-component and B-component, by simultaneously vaporizing the two components from the mixture under a sufficiently reduced pressure to simultaneously crystalline B-component. The vapor mixture obtained is brought to a condensed state by lowering its temperature a few degrees without substantially pressurizing it. The process may be continued to completely eliminate the liquid phase and bring the mixture into the two phase solid-vapor region. Then, the solid phase is no longer contaminated by the adhering liquid phase and gives a high purity B-component on melting.

Abstract: An ice making apparatus including a machine for producing and harvesting a flake ice product and transferring said product to an ice extruding chamber in which the product is compressed into a hard column of ice that can be broken into ice chunks or "cubes" of predetermined length and be transported to a remotely located ice storage bin, dispenser or the like.

Abstract: In a flat V-bed knitting machine with independently operable needles there is provided a presser foot device comprising a presser foot carriage arranged for movement along the needle beds of the machine in synchronism with needle operation, and a support element extending down towards the gap between the walls of the needle beds and resiliently mounted in relation to the carriage for up-and-down movement.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for transferring knitted fabric from needles of a first knitting gauge to needles of a second knitting gauge. A row of parallel, elongate points are provided each being arranged parallel to one another and secured at each end to a movable frame. The bands pass through respective slots in two trick bars with the points being located between the two bars so that movement of the bands in unison carries the points from one trick bar to the other. If the slots in the respective trick bars are at the two selected knitting gauge then passage of the bands through the slots adjusts the spacing of the points from one gauge to the other.

Abstract: A steering shaft locking device including a sleeve in which a steering shaft is rotatably accommodated, a housing so that a lock member may be projectable for its engagement with the steering shaft in response to rotation of a rotary member of a cylinder lock, and a rotary ring formed with a boss portion, which is rotatably provided in the sleeve so as to enclose an outer circumference of the steering shaft at a position of projection of the lock member into and of its retraction from the sleeve.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining the opening combination of a safe lock including a dial turning device that is controlled by a programmable processor acting through a stepping motor to set selected combinations into the lock and to test the lock after each combination has been set to determine if the lock bolt has been withdrawn to a release position. A readout of each combination set into the lock is provided and the readout is automatically inhibited to identify the opening combination when the lock bolt has been withdrawn to a release position.

Abstract: A manufacturing tool for finishing a preformed scroll for use in a scroll type fluid displacement apparatus is disclosed. The tool includes a working member having an end plate and a first involute element extending from one end surface of said end plate. The end plate has a plurality of arc shaped holes along the outer side wall of the first involute element. A second involute element is rotatably coupled to the working member and interfits with the first involute element in a disposition to define a radial gap between the first and second involute elements. A plurality of pins project axially from an axial end of the second involute element and penetrate through the arc shaped holes. A rotatable member has a plurality of holes extending in the axial direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing metal profile members of open or closed construction, especially steel profile members, wherein a continuous band-like metal material of uniform wall thickness as viewed in cross-section is continuously fed along a path where it is continuously deformed by cold- and hot-shaping procedures to produce the profile member. The profile member produced in accordance with this process has one or more differences in wall thickness at one or more predetermined points in its cross-sectional width. During the hot-shaping procedure, at least one predetermined portion of the cross-sectional width of the band-like material is heated to soften that portion after which the band-like material is passed between pairs of discs disposed on opposite sides of the heat-softened portion, the angle of the discs relative to the band-like material being adjustable to cause the heat-softened area to be stretched or compacted.

Abstract: A hot strip mill includes at least one roughing reversing mill and a finishing train with the reversing mill spaced from the finishing mill by a distance greater than the length of the transfer bar on the penultimate pass but less than the distance of the final pass through the roughing reversing mill so as to be close coupled to the finishing train on that last pass. The method of rolling includes close coupling the reversing roughing mill to the finishing mill on the last downstream pass through the reversing roughing mill.

Abstract: A method for working holes in metal which includes inserting into the hole a sleeve of metal having a shape memory O. D. slightly smaller than the hole to be worked, plastically expanding the sleeve in such hole with a mandrel and working the wall of such hole around the sleeve, allowing the sleeve to warm and shrink to its shape memory O. D. and removing the shrunken sleeve from the worked hole.

Abstract: A disc-like or annular workpiece within a set of closed dies undergoes lateral flow in a first direction (e.g., radially outward or inward, depending upon the geometry of the die cavity) as the upper die is forced against the lower, with the workpiece being now restrained from flowing in other directions. Toward the end of forging, when the metal offers a rapid increase in resistance to flowing, the workpiece is set free of the restraint from flowing in a second direction, generally opposite to the first direction, as by creating a bore centrally therein or by cutting off its peripheral portion. Then, upon resumption of forging, the workpiece flows in both first and second directions, completing the desired flow in the first direction with no greater forging force than before.

Abstract: Crimping tongs in particular for crimping a sleeve on a cable, said tongs having jaws coupled to each other so that one moves relatively to the other, a cam (15) driven by a ratchet wheel (16) which actuates a toggle joint device (20,21,22) a catch being installed on the moving handle (13) so as to drive the ratchet wheel step by step by moving the moving handle, the toggle joint device making the moving jaw (12) rotate in the closing direction. With a view to axial crimping, the moving jaw (12) has a moving die (14) which moves rectilinearly. A spring (25) biases the toggle joint to move the one jaw toward the other, and a trigger (19) is pressed to open the jaws sufficiently for insertion of a sleeve to be crimped. Releasing the trigger causes the jaws to hold the sleeve under the action of spring (25); so that the crimping action can be performed with one hand.

Abstract: A mechanical shock machine may consist of a small bench-top device with a built-in pneumatic isolator, the working parts of which are enclosed to prevent injury to the operator. The device to be tested is placed on the test platen of the mechanical shock machine and retained there by mechanical clamps or by a viscous fluid. A bullet-like object is then accelerated toward the underside of the test platen, striking it in free or ballistic flight. The strike target contains a resilient pad. Different thicknesses of this pad produce different durations of the shock pulse, with thicker pads relating to longer duration pulses. A skirt near the outer edge of the test platen is suspended in a viscous shock fluid that absorbs the energy of the bullet strike without a major displacement of the test platen, and reduces second strike effects and ringing of the assembly. The motor inducing acceleration to the bullet is contained and its motion captured within the enclosed volume of the shock machine.

Abstract: An air-bearing gage tip or pad for a gage head is mounted on a swivel and closely follows the surface of a non-porous material without touching the surface and accommodates undulating surfaces which approach the pad at an angle and also small errors in mounting the pad normal to the surface, and additionally accepts small imperfect, surface perturbations without loss of air. The air-bearing pad features advantages in respect of increase in bearing stiffness and increase in mechanical response of the gage head and improvement in freedom from adverse effects encountered in the prior art and tending to be caused by thermal shifts and inherent hysteresis.

Abstract: Passage of an engine piston through reference positions while traveling toward and away from a dead center position is sensed to produce pulses that define an engine displacement, the midpoint of which corresponds to the passage of the piston through the dead center position. Expressions of motion for the full displacement and one of the half displacements are simultaneously solved to determine the time at which the piston passed through the dead center position.

Abstract: The method according to the present invention for determining the flowrate of a fluid flowing in a well comprises the steps of lowering in the well a logging sonde comprising at least one vortex street generating obstacle and a transducer responsive to pressure variations due to the generation of vortices, the transducer producing, for each depth in the well, a detection signal the useful component of which has a frequency f and an amplitude A, deriving from the detection signal a first signal indicative of frequency f, deriving from the detection signal a second signal indicative of the reduced amplitude Ar, defined as the ratio A/f.sup.

Abstract: A flowmeter for measuring flow of fuel to a combustion engine comprises a transducer including a turbine the vanes of which interrupt the light between a light source and a photosensitive device when the turbine rotates, the transducer being mounted with its axis vertical for fuel to flow upwardly past the turbine, a swirl chamber for eliminating gas and vapor bubbles from the fuel before it enters the transducer, and a non-return valve to prevent reverse flow of fuel through the transducer.

Abstract: A flow splitting device (10) for use in fluid flow meters and the like including an outer housing (12) forming a cavity having an inlet (28) and an outlet (30), a porous baffle (32) dividing the cavity into an inlet chamber (35) and an outlet chamber (37), an apertured plug (42) having one end engaging the surface of the baffle facing the outlet chamber and a tube (62) extending through the housing and into communication with the plug, and an opposite end (60) extending through the housing and into communication with the outlet chamber. The external portion of the tube (62) being suitable for coupling with a sensing device for measuring the split flow therethrough.

Abstract: An airflow sensor for a constant temperature anemometer comprises a copper foil resistor mounted on a polyimide foil which is supported in the airstream to be measured. The support preferably is a flat frame having an aperture over which the foil sensor is mounted so that the airstream can strike the sensor on both sides of the film. Airflow directors mounted upstream of the sensor are placed at an angle to direct the airstream toward each side of the film at a definite angle to obtain a positive cooling effect of the film by the airstream and consistent airflow. The sensor assembly is mounted in a duct with the plane of the sensor along the longitudinal axis of the duct for measurement of the flow through the duct. Another embodiment has a diamond shaped body mounted in an airflow such that a straight airflow impinges upon two forward sides of the body at a specific angle.

Abstract: An inlet tube, connected to a source of liquid, such as milk, supplies liquid to the top of a container. An orifice at the bottom of the container permits drainage from the container into an outlet tube. The level of liquid in the container is related to the instantaneous flow rate, in a known manner, as long as the pressure in the container, above the liquid surface, equals the pressure in the outlet tube after the orifice. A conduit connects the upper portion of the container, at a point above the liquid therein, and the outlet tube, below the orifice, to equalize the pressure therebetween, as well as to act as an overflow bypass. Various types of sensors may be used to determine the level of liquid in the container. A signal, representative of the sensed liquid level, is developed and processed to represent the flow rate.

Abstract: A wing nut with a threaded axial passage is adapted to engage the threads on the horizontal balancing shaft of a wheel balancer having an abutment thereon. A wheel to be balanced is placed on the shaft and is arranged to be held in tight engagement with the abutment when the wing nut is threaded on the shaft. The surface of the wing nut which forces the wheel against the abutment is recessed with a cylindrical recess. A plastic insert is adapted to be retained within the cylindrical recess and has a central bore which is aligned with the threaded passage in the nut to permit the balancing shaft to pass therethrough. The insert projects axially from the nut body so that the insert, rather than the nut body, will engage the member which is holding the wheel against the abutment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure indicator on a steam pressure cooker or similar container. This pressure indicating device is simple in construction and assembly, having a constant pressure display dependable in its functioning with little subject to fouling, and includes a membrane. Under action of the internal pressure of the container, the membrane brings about relative movement in an axial direction between a twist-giver nut and a twist spindle from which there follows a rotation of one of these members, and thereby a proportional pressure display by a pointer or marking connected to the one rotating member.

Abstract: A capacitive type pressure sensing transducer comprised of two dielectric elements bearing four like plates or discs of conducting material and two like conductive pressure sensitive diaphragms which together form two like plate type capacitors of fixed capacitance value and two like plate type capacitors of variable capacitance value. The pressure sensitive diaphragms span like recessed areas in one face of one of the dielectric elements to form two like pressure chambers. The four conducting discs are positioned as matching pairs of capacitive plates on each side of the other dielectric element and together form the two fixed value capacitors. The pressure sensitive diaphragms and one of the conducting disc pairs are aligned to form the two variable value capacitors with their capacitance value depending upon the variable spacing distance of the diaphragms from the aligned discs in response to pressure applied to the diaphragms.

Abstract: A system for assessing the structural integrity of offshore drilling platforms employs structural moment detector and associated electronics, microprocessor and software, which monitors the condition of the offshore platform structure and continuously provides useful information concerning the effects of external forces on the structure and its remaining life.

Abstract: A damping device for use with acoustic information generation machines for isolating a generation portion of the generation device from contamination by extraneous acoustic emissions. A metal isolation piece consisting of a shape-memory alloy is disposed between an extraneous noise source and the generation portion of the device. Acoustic information generation devices in accordance with the present invention include phonograph record playing devices and testing devices for recording acoustic signals generated upon stressing a test piece. Thus, the present invention provides improved phonograph record playing devices and an improved testing device.

Abstract: A flow meter, for measuring fluid flow rates, having a housing through which the fluid flows and is caused to impinge on an impeller or rotor for rotating the impeller at a rotational velocity representative of the fluid flow rate. The impeller or rotor has a plurality of teeth on which a light beam is reflected. A photosensitive device receiving the reflected chopped light produces at its output a signal whose frequency is a function of the rotational velocity of the impeller.

Abstract: A pressure probe 26 for sensing total pressure in a duct 16, 22 bounding a flow path 12 for a working medium fluid is disclosed. The probe has an alignment portion 32, a sensor portion 34 spaced from the alignment portion leaving a plenum 36 therebetween and passageways 41 for ducting the flow away from the plenum. In one particular embodiment a transition passageway 54 extends between the plenum and the passageway 41. The alignment portion has a first passageway 42 directed towards a second passageway 40 in the sensor portion. The sensor portion has a wall 38 disposed about the second passageway 40.

Abstract: A torsional angular deviation measuring device comprising a first diffraction grating which is placed at one end of a shaft and a second diffraction grating placed at the other end or at least some distance from the first end. A beam of light from a light source is then passed through the first diffraction grating generating zeroth order and other order beams. The beams are thence passed through collimating optics and then through the second diffraction grating. The beams from the second diffraction grating are sensed by split photodiodes and the amount of angular deviation is then measured by comparing the phases of pulse trains generated from the different photodiodes with one another.

Abstract: An electronic transmitter element of the type cable load gauge for measuring the tension on a stretched flexible cable to generate an electric signal corresponding to the load acting on the cable. The transmitter element comprises a frame portion (1,2) with two bearing members (3,4) being disposed at opposite ends of the frame portion and preferably made in the form of rollers (4) for engagement with the tensioned cable (5,6) at one side thereof, a force detecting member (8,10,11) being disposed substantially midway between the bearing members and engaging the opposite side of the cable in a direction perpendicular to its orientations, thereby forming a breaking point in which a force perpendicular to the cable is detectable. The force detecting member comprises a measuring bar (11) with strain gauges (16), one end of the bar being connected to the frame portion (10,12) and the other end being connected with a movable portion (8,19,20) to which the cable is attached.

Abstract: A sampler for dry material flowing under pressure in a flow duct including a tubular housing, mounting an air cylinder, the piston rod of which connects to a sample tube which is extendible from the housing and into the flow line, the sample tube having a plug forming an obstruction in its rear portion, the forward portion of the sample tube having a material receiving slot in one side facing upstream in the flow duct, and a bleed port on the downstream side of the sample tube adjacent the receiving slot, the sample tube having a discharge port adjacent the front face of the plug in the sample tube and aligned with an outlet opening in the tubular housing and with an outlet spout to which a sample collecting container may be attached, and a seal in the tubular housing spanning entirely across the receiving port and discharge port and the space therebetween on the sample tube and confronting the fluid pressure in the sample tube as the sample tube is withdrawn, until the discharge port opens to the outlet open