Abstract: A poured concrete deck structure which extends to the external building line or to a designated line of an internal opening of a building has a form deck which is supported by metal structural girders, including edge girders which are spaced from the building line or designated line, and an edge construction which retains the concrete according the building specifications. The edge construction is improved by terminating the form deck at the edge girders, providing a plurality of spaced support means secured to the top of the edge girders and extending towards the building line or designated line and providing a plurality of adjacent pans for retaining the poured concrete. The pans are supported by at least two supports, and are in communication with an edge girder. The pans may be secured to the edge girder, to the support means, or to both, after proper alignment with the building line or designated line.

Abstract: A space module (22) is disclosed herein and includes in combination a single inlet connection (62) for a plurality of utilities, a utility manifold (92, 94, 96, 98) extending from the inlet connection to a plurality of locations in the module, at each of the locations, connections to a plurality of the utilities and modular furniture units (34, 35, 36, 37) having readily releasable coupling (e.g. 101) for connection to the plurality of utilities at each said location.

Abstract: A modular room divider system has plural upright juxtaposed panels having cylindrical anchor receiving apertures disposed about upright axes in the panels top and bottom surfaces. A coupling assembly has a pair of spaced apart anchors mating with the anchor apertures. Threaded portions having opposingly directed right and left hand threads extend inwardly from the anchors and are centrally engaged by an internally threaded sleeve having adjacent right and left hand threaded portions. The sleeve has a square prismoidal exterior surface and is traverseable by a notched wheel having a mating central aperture. A channel extends from the anchor apertures to the edge of each channel.In use, two panels are assembled by placing them in juxtaposition. The coupling assembly is placed in alignment over the panels, the anchors being lowered into the anchor apertures and the threaded portions over corresponding channels.

Abstract: A combined wooden floor joist and foundation wall stud truss and construction process is disclosed whereby a wooden foundation wall and floor trusses for a framed building are erected simultaneously. The individual truss members include elongated floor joist members that mount all weather treated foundation wall studs by means of truss clips. The studs have side surfaces that are coplanar with side surfaces of the floor joists. A number of the trusses may be secured to a footing along a treated sill plate, and tied together by the sill plate and by treated plywood sheathings nailed to the studs. A rim joist can also be used to tie the individual trusses together into a completed frame unit including foundation wall studs ready for sheathing and floor joists ready for subflooring. The process basically involves preparation of the footing, placement of the sill plates, and installation of the truss units.

Abstract: A flexible easily installed and low maintenance swimming pool coping providing the transitional element between horizontal pool deck and the vertical pool wall. The coping is provided with upper and lower horizontal channels and has a depending bifurcated lower end and is secured at the pool by slipping the bifurcated part over the top of the pool wall. A pool liner bead is accommodated in the lower channel and a decorative protective or functional insert is retained in the upper channel. The coping cross section is formed to permit it to be readily flexed around small radii in either direction for various pool profiles. A yoke with an interlock is provided for insertion at any desired location into the interior of the coping crown to prevent buckling or distortion of the crown. An interlocking leveling element to retain contiguous sections of the coping in alignment is also provided for insertion within the coping.

Abstract: A floor pavement structure comprises a base material formed by concrete or asphalt or the like, a cushioning layer laminated over the base material, a filler layer applied to the cushioning layer, and an overcoat laminated over the filler layer. The filler layer comprises a foaming synthetic resin such as foaming polyurethane having innumerable air bubbles therein.

Abstract: A plurality of grids are mounted individually on spokes of a wheel so that each grid moves through an article infeed station where groups of articles are fed into the grids without interrupting their forward speed. The orbit of the grids is such that each grid also moves through a discharge station where the article groups are dropped into packing cases again without interrupting the motion of the articles in the direction of a packing case conveyor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for vacuum packaging goods in heat shrinkable, thermoplastic bags in a vacuum chamber equipped with flexible, heated diaphragms that can be collapsed upon a filled bag to heat it to shrinking temperature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of removing articles from a package wherein the articles are arranged in a plurality of side by side rows and sealed in a film of thermoplastic material wherein the package is positioned with the rows of articles supported on a horizontal base, and then the package is severed into two sections along a plane passing between two adjacent rows of articles, the two severed package sections are then withdrawn from the assembly of articles by drawing each section in a direction normal to the severing plane.

Abstract: A bag-packaging machine has a conveying device (3) for transporting whole loaves (1) in the direction of a bundle of bags (4), a suction unit (12) which in each case opens the top bag (4a) of the bundle of bags (4), two spreaders which reach into the opened bag (4a) and hold the latter in the opened position, a pusher (18) which moves the whole loaf (1) into the ready-held bag (4a) and a bag-sealing device (15). The pusher (18) is constructed as a suction unit and has at its end a suction head (19/20) which conveys the whole loaf (1) into the opened bag (4a) and sucks a vacuum, drawing the neck of the bag (4b) tightly to itself after removal of the spreaders (13), thus holding the whole loaf (1) automatically and pushing it in this position as far as the sealing device (15).

Abstract: A press for packing loose compressible material, such as tobacco, into rectangular cases or cylindrical hogsheads. The press includes a charger for delivering the material into the container and a pressing ram movable through the charger to pack the material into the container. The bottom of the charger, which is receivable in the container, comprises a double-walled sleeve, the inner wall being perforated and the outer wall being imperforated. An air conducting channel is defined between the walls which communicates with a manifold at the top of the sleeve. This manifold is connected to a pump to draw air out of the sleeve, up the channel and into the manifold. Use of the sleeve creates a negative pressure in the sleeve so that atmospheric pressure, exerted on the top of the loose material in the charger, will reduce the height of the material in the charger and thus allows use of shorter chargers, rams and cycle times, as well as reducing dust.

Abstract: In a paper sheet bundling apparatus for a paper sheet processing system, a thermally fusible bundling tape is wound round a paper sheet stack, and the trailing end of the tape is thermally bonded to a portion of the tape wound round the stack by a heating means. The bonding operation is effected on a heat receiving member interposed between the paper sheet stack and the tape wound thereround. The heat receiving member has a back side, outwardly curved contact surface, against which one edge portion of the paper sheet stack is urged and curved along it by a pressing lever in an initial stage of the bundling operation commencing with the rotation of a rotary body.

Abstract: This mower has a mower beam with at least one rotating mowing device joined on the mower beam and also on a carrying beam arranged on the hitching mount, which in the forward movement of the machine is arranged in front of and above the mower beam, whereby the carrying beam is coupled somewhat in the center of the hitching mount behind the tractor about a vertical pivot axis and whereby the carrying beam outboard half from the hitching mount is somewhat in its center provided with a horizontal pivot axis in order to permit the outer part of the carrying beam carrying the mowing device to swing upwardly by means of a hydraulic cylinder.

Abstract: A needle device for finishing and splicing lines or cordage consists essentially of a unitary member of substantially cylindrical configuration having a tapered front end, a tubular middle portion for receiving a strand end and a substantially tubular rear portion. The rear portion includes an elongated lateral opening and an integral hook internal thereof opposite the opening. The tip of the hook is spaced a distance from the middle portion sufficient to permit insertion of the strand into the middle portion. The strand may also be inserted laterally into the rear portion into engagement with the hook.

Abstract: An electromagnetic disc type tension control in which the yarn guiding post is slotted off-center between the discs so that the yarn being tensioned is received between the discs and exerts a torsional force on the tension discs to cause the tension discs to rotate in order to enhance the dissipation and self-cleaning of the yarn finish accummulated therebetween.

Abstract: An air nozzle for spinning yarn is positioned adjacent a pair of drafting rollers. The space between a cap covering the nozzle and the nozzle itself forms a tank for the air to be jetted through the nozzle. A tapered throttle located behind the nozzle reduces resistance to air exiting from the jetting ports.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a cable-type tire chain having elongate flexible side members and cross-members carrying traction sleeves, the cross-members are connected to the side members by hooks which are crimped to the side members in a press. To assemble the cross members and side members, they are supported in an assembly jig, with the hooks attached to the opposite ends of the cross-members and embracing the side members. The hooks on one side of the chain are crimped simultaneously to the relevant side member in a single pressing operation while supported in the jig, which applies tension to the side member.

Abstract: Upon initiation of a steering operation, a gerotor gear set rotates a directional control valve to an actuated condition. Initial rotation of the directional control valve actuates a switch assembly under the influence of forces transmitted from the directional control valve. The switch assembly is located in one section of a housing and the directional control valve is located in another section of the housing. The two housing sections are connected in fluid communication so that there are no seals to impede actuation of the switch assembly upon rotation of the directional control valve. The switch assembly and its housing section are rotatable together with the directional control valve to adjust the initial position of the directional control valve relative to the other housing section. In one embodiment of the invention, actuation of the switch assembly effects operation of an electric motor to increase fluid flow from a pump to a steering control assembly.

Abstract: A closed-cycle hot gas engine heated by solar radiation is provided with a governing system varying the working gas pressure so as to vary the power output at a constant high temperature level of the working gas and--at least partly--at a constant engine speed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with several parallel-connected exhaust gas turbochargers which are adapted to be individually connected and disconnected. The exhaust gas turbochargers are constructed so that together they accommodate the exhaust gas and air mass throughflow of the internal combustion engine at rated power. At a partial power of the internal combustion engine, in correspondence with an instantaneous supply of exhaust gas, such a number of exhaust gas turbochargers are in operation that the internal combustion engine operates maximally close to optimum operating conditions. One of the exhaust gas turbochargers is constructed for a lower exhaust gas and air mass throughflow than the remaining exhaust gas turbochargers.

Abstract: A magnetic refrigerating apparatus including a working material for performing magnetic refrigeration, and a magnetic field system capable of varying the distribution or intensity of a magnetic field impressed on the working material. When the working material produces heat on the high temperature side, heat exchange is performed by boiling heat transfer through a refrigerant on the high temperature side; when the working material absorbs heat on the low temperature side, heat exchange is performed by condensation heat transfer through a refrigerant on the low temperature side.

Abstract: A metal hydride reactor comprising a tubular pressure receptacle having an opening at its one end and a metal hydride filling the receptacle therein, at least a part of the outer wall surface of the tubular pressure receptacle forming a heat-exchanging surface; a heat-conducting fin of a heat-conducting material provided to transmit heat from the metal hydride in the pressure receptacle to the heat-exchanging surface and limit the location of the metal hydride in the pressure receptacle; and at least one porous member extending axially of the receptacle for forming within the receptacle a hydrogen gas flow passage leading to the opening of the receptacle, the porous member being permeable to hydrogen gas but impermeable to the metal hydride.

Abstract: An airconditioner wherein cooling is performed by forming a refrigerant circulation passage which condenses a refrigerant delivered from a compressor by means of an outdoor heat exchanger and which evaporates it by means of an indoor heat exchanger, while warming is performed while condensing the refrigerant by means of the indoor heat exchanger by furnishing the refrigerant circulation passage with a heating heat exchanger which heats the refrigerant through a heat medium higher in temperature than the open air and which is located in parallel with the outdoor heat exchanger and between the indoor heat exchanger and the suction side of the compressor; characterized by comprising a circuit which bypasses the higher pressure side and lower pressure side of the compressor through a solenoid valve, and a controller which normally closes the bypass circuit during the cooling and normally opens the bypass circuit during the warming and which opens the bypass circuit for a predetermined period of time at the starti

Abstract: A closed circuit refrigeration system includes a compressor, a remote condenser coupled to the output of the compressor, a receiver tank coupled downstream of the condenser means, and one or more evaporators coupled between the receiver and compressor return. A bypass conduit is coupled between the condenser output and receiver input at one end and between the receiver output and evaporator input at the other end; and a temperature controlled valve selectively controls the flow of refrigerant through the bypass conduit as a function of the temperature of refrigerant at the condenser output. A check valve in the condenser output conduit prevents backflow of refrigerant during periods of low condenser pressure. A method of operating a closed circuit refrigeration system is included in which a receiver tank bypass line is controlled responsive to the condition of the refrigerant in the condenser output.

Abstract: A refrigerated display case having an ambient air automatic defrost system and a method of operating such a case. The display case has an access opening in one wall for enabling products within the display section to be removed. The access opening can be either in the top of front wall of the display case. At least one air conduit extends in an approximately C-shaped formation around the display case. The air conduit has openings at both ends, with such openings being located on opposite sides of the access opening. Arranged within the air conduit is at least one reversible fan and a set of refrigeration coils. During a refrigeration cycle the fan circulates air through the air conduit in a first direction towards the refrigeration coils. When frost buildup within the display case has reached a certain level, the system is switched to a defrost cycle. During the defrost cycle, the fan circulates in the opposite direction through the air conduit and draws in ambient air from outside of the display case.

Abstract: A modular refrigeration unit which is independently removable from an equipment zone in a foodstuffs refrigerator is described. The modular refrigeration unit integrally includes compressor, condenser, evaporator, metering means and means for connecting said components in the relationship of a refrigeration cycle, and an air circulating means to provide a recirculating flow of air between the refrigeration unit and the food zone of the refrigerator. The modular unit may be used in a system of standardized refrigerators at multiple installations at separate locations, in which the refrigeration system of each unit is separately removeable from each unit and interchangeable with the others. Service and maintenance of the refrigerator is facilitated and useable storage space and sanitation in the food zone is increased.

Abstract: A catalytic converter for treating exhaust gases includes a carrier and a casing. The carrier has an axis with respect to its contour and is of honeycomb structure. The carrier is made of metal and has catalyst on its surfaces. The casing houses the carrier. The casing is made of metal having a coefficient of thermal expansion relatively close to that of the metal constituting the carrier. The carrier has a tapered outer-surface which is oblique with respect to the axis of the carrier. The casing has a tapered inner-surface which matches the tapered surface of the carrier. The tapered surfaces of the carrier and the casing are substantially in contact with each other so that the casing may axially secure the carrier.

Abstract: A chilling container includes a chilling agent chamber and a chilled goods chamber. The chilling agent chamber is sealed shut to contain e.g. dry ice, is highly insulated from the outside, and is connected by a pressure passage system to the chilled goods chamber which has an opening to the outside and a door. The chilling agent is vaporized in the chilling agent chamber by removal of the heat. A pressure drop occurs and therewith a forced movement with a forced circulation of the vaporized gases into the chilled goods chamber. A wall containing the pressure passage system is cooler and is opposite the door causing convection circulation which reinforces the forced circulation. A wall separating the chambers is relatively highly heat conductive.

Abstract: An absorption type heat pump device including a generator for generating refrigerant vapor, a condenser, an evaporator, an expansion valve, an absorber, a solution pump, a passage member for leading strong solution from the generator to the absorber, and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger and/or the passage member is provided with a portion in which a pressure drop is made larger than a drop in equilibrium pressure resulting from a temperature drop so as to perform flow control of the strong solution.

Abstract: Self actuated positive yarn feeding apparatus for use with circular knitting machines for the positive feeding of yarns to the machines in response to and for the time that a demand for yarn is created by the knitting action of the needles of the machines, and wherein feeding of the yarn is discontinued in response to a lack of demand for yarn by the machines. Wheels having adjacent horizontally extending circumferential zones of high and of low friction surfaces are provided wherein only the high friction surfaces feed the yarn. A movable pair of yarn guiding eyelets is positioned between a fixed pair of yarn guiding eyelets and the wheel with the yarn threaded, in turn, through a fixed eyelet, then through a movable eyelet, then around the wheel, then through the other movable eyelet, and finally through the other fixed eyelet. The movable eyelets acts to shift the yarn between the high and the low friction surfaces in response to demand for yarn by the machines.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a textile product continuously with the use of low-temperature plasma comprising; a reactor provided with a seal mechanism for maintaining vacuum therein while allowing a textile product to pass therethrough continuously into and out of the reactor, a plurality of guide rolls provided in the reactor for forming a passage for transporting the textile product in zigzag forming snaky undulations therethrough, and a plurality of pairs of electrode plates spacedly provided in the reactor with the textile product passage located therebetween, a plurality of gas nozzles for supplying a gas for producing low-temperature plasma to the gaps between the electrode plates, a vacuum mechanism for producing vacuum in the interior of the reactor, and means for supplying a high frequency electric wave to the electrode plates to produce low-temperature plasma therebetween.

Abstract: A door lock for sliding doors of trucks, vans and the like includes an exterior handle assembly and an interior handle assembly for actuating components carried in an interior housing assembly. The components include a pair of rotary latch bolts projecting through openings formed in opposite sides of the housing assembly. A pair of strikes are carried on spaced portions of a vehicle wall at locations on opposite sides of a vehicle access opening which is controlled by the door. The door is movable between a latched-closed position wherein one of the latch bolts latchingly engages one of the strikes to hold the door closed, and a latched-open position wherein the other of the latch bolts latchingly engages the other of the strikes to hold the door open. A thumb-operated lock control slide is carried by the housing assembly and provides one means for locking and unlocking the lock from inside the vehicle.

Abstract: A combination lock has an array of combination elements that are each movable between first and second positions. Each element 25 has to be in a preselected one of the two positions for the lock to open, and the combination is entered by either moving or not moving each element from an intial or reset position. Then a reader 30 adjacent the elements 25 is simultaneously moved against all the elements to test their positions. Any element not in the proper position blocks the reader from movement; but if all the elements are in their preselected positions, they allow the reader to move and the lock to open. Combination elements 25 are preferably arranged concentrically around a spindle 15 having an external knob 16 that can rotate and move the spindle axially. Each of the elements 25 is preferably a slidable plate with an eccentric notch 26 that confronts and overlaps with a radial notch in reader 30.

Abstract: An electronic digital combination lock including a frame supported within the interior of a door; a bolt mechanism which moves in relation to the frame to be retracted from a door jamb to open the door; a logic circuit which generates a control signal in response to entry of a predetermined combination signal, including push button switches which are housed within the door interior and produce bits when selectively depressed; and, a rotatable handle member which is coupled to the frame from the outside surface of the door to activate the bolt mechanism, including a tube that is coupled adjacent the push button switches and is selectively rotatable to depress each of the switches to generate the predetermined combination signal. The handle member including the tube has only limited rotational movement until the correct combination signal is entered, at which time an electromagnetic and lever mechanism is energized to release the handle member for extended rotation to retract the belt mechanism.

Abstract: To permit a planar strip to be unwound from a reel, the strip to be coiled up has imparted to it a progressively decreasing curvature in a sense which is opposite to the longitudinal curvature of the coiled strip.

Abstract: Drawn and ironed can bodies are formed from cold rolled steel sheet having a thin coating of a nickel-zinc alloy electroplated thereon by drawing the coated steel into a cup and ironing the sidewall of the cup on a mandrel by passing it through a toolpack comprising a plurality of ironing rings each including a generally conical lead-in surface having an angle relative to the axis of the mandrel within the range of 6.degree. to 81/2.degree. and a substantially cylindrical land extending no more than about 0.025 inches in the axial direction of the toolpack through the rings. The diameter of the land on successive ironing rings is progressively smaller in the direction of movement of the can through the toolpack, with the diameter of the final ironing ring being such as to reduce the sidewall of the cup to about one half its original thickness. The length of the land of the final ironing ring may be less than that of the previous ironing rings and preferably is within the range of 0.003 to 0.007 inches.

Abstract: A worn conical tubular mold, exhibiting irreparable surface flaws or defects at the inner tubular wall of the mold at the location of the former region of the molten bath level existing in the tubular mold when the same was previously used during continuous casting, is formed or reformed through the use of an explosive forming technique with the aid of a calibration arbor or mandril so as to possess a new reversed taper. As a result, the surface flaw or defect now is located at the region of what becomes the new strand outlet of the reformed tubular mold and unimpaired, fissure-free mold wall material comes to lie at the region of the tubular mold where there will appear the new molten bath level when the reformed tubular mold then is again used for casting purposes.

Abstract: The apparatus for changing the rolls (6) of a skew rolling mill comprises a roll-change carriage (14) movable along the direction of feed of material (10) being rolled. A carrier (11) is mounted on the carriage (14) and carries a plurality of roll-clamping devices (12). Locking means (19, 20) are provided for interlocking the rotor (2) carrying a plurality of roll heads (5) skew mounted thereon and the carrier (11) in a predetermined axially-aligned, spaced position for removing or replacing rolls by means of the clamping devices. In a preferred embodiment there are two carriers movable in alternate alignment with the rotor (2).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming internal threads on tubular components by a non-cutting process is disclosed. Various disclosed features find particular utility when using a thread forming or rolling tap process to form internal threads on sucker rod coupling tubes. In the preferred embodiment, a machine is disclosed utilizing a movable fixture head (34) capable of simultaneously threading one or more tubes (12, 12') of various sizes. A single hydraulic cylinder (59) moves the fixture head to various positions relative to the work stations (14, 16) to control several operational steps including the sequential feed of the tubes (12) to the work stations (14, 16), clamping/unclamping of the tubes during the tapping process, and retention of the tap (204) while the threaded tubes are removed from the work stations.

Abstract: When two strand workpieces pass through a roll opening between two grooved working rolls on a roll stand so as to be rolled, the trailing end of one of them may leave the rolls and cause change in the roll separation. At that time mating bilateral screw-down devices are remotely controlled to adjust the roll opening at least at the position of the remaining workpiece. Alternatively in a multi-strand tandem rolling mill, the rolling speeds on roll stands upstream of a roll stand which one of the strand workpieces has left are changed by a speed ratio of (1-b.sub.2)/(1-b.sub.1) where b.sub.1 and b.sub.2 respectively designate rates of backward slip when two strand workpieces are being rolled and in the absence of one of the strand workpieces from the last-mentioned roll stand. Alternatively the roll speeds on roll stands downstream of the roll stand which one of the strand workpieces has left may be changed by a speed ratio of (1+f.sub.2)/(1+f.sub.1) where f.sub.1 and f.sub.

Abstract: The mill stand houses a pair of upper backup rolls and a pair of lower backup rolls between which pairs the upper and lower roll drive shafts are journalled. The overhung work rolls are affixed to the ends of the drive shafts. Apparatus is provided for automatically adjusting the work rolls longitudinally, for automatically adjusting the loading on the backup rolls and for maintaining the drive shafts parallel under load. An automatic gauge control system for making the above adjustments and capable of varying the mill stand modulus or spring continuously from a stiff or constant roll gap modulus to a soft or constant pressure modulus is also described.

Abstract: An upsetter of the horizontal type which has in a horizontal row a plurality of split dies which include upper movable dies and lower fixed dies each having a clamp die section and an upset die section, the upsetter including a number of piece dies separately constituting the clamp die sections of the movable dies and hydraulic cylinders for operating the clamp die sections independently of each other.

Abstract: A process and a device for expanding or contracting the end of a pipe are disclosed. First an ironing die or punch is put over or into the end of the pipe. Then the end of the pipe is expanded or contracted by a rod form expanding punch or a tube form reducing die. Then, with this punch or die still in place, the ironing die or punch is pulled over or through the end of the pipe, so as to pinch the wall of the pipe between itself and the punch or die, and thereby the wall of the pipe is ironed so as to release any strains that may have been caused in it by the expanding or contracting process. Thereby more accurate pipe ends can be formed simply and reliably.

Abstract: Can manufacture, particularly the formation of can necks, is improved by modification of necking tooling to stop the rearward travel of the interior of its two coaxial can-deforming members between which can bodies frequently become jammed. The addition of a stop means to the base of the tooling prevents the concurrent travel of the interior member with the outer member due to the frictional engagement of the can body between the two tooling members. With the interior member stationary, the outer member can be driven from the jammed can.

Abstract: A pair of elongated clamp levers are provided and interconnected intermediate their opposite ends for substantially coplanar relative oscillation of the levers to inversely swing corresponding pairs of ends of the levers toward and away from each other. One pair of lever ends defines opposing jaw ends between which a sheet metal marginal portion may be clamped and a wedge assembly is moveably connected between the other pair of ends of the levers and includes operating structure moveable lengthwise of the levers and to which one end of an elongated pull member may be anchored.

Abstract: In an automatic punching and bending machine the interspace between the bending device and the punching device is adjustable in order to make the interspace as small as possible and to adjust that interspace in dependence on the length of the working piece of a band material, thereby gaining the advantages that series of different work pieces of high precision can be produced in the same machine. The bending device is removable and can easily be replaced by another one which has been reset in a preceding working process. Therefore standstill periods of the machine are reduced.

Abstract: A gas detection device and a method for detecting a gas where gas information including concentrations of gas components in a mixed gas, concentration, presence of specific gas components and the like is detected by measuring, e.g., the output voltages of a plurality of gas sensors having different gas selectivities. The gas selectivities, as a characteristic constant of the specific gas sensor, was previously determined. The measured output voltages and gas selectivities are then used for solving plural simultaneous equations for gas concentrations.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for detecting a single specific chemical solid or gas in the presence of other chemical solids or gases or for detecting a number of specific mixed chemical solids or gases. The apparatus and process passes multiple beams of electromagnetic radiation incident on the material in a sample chamber producing acoustic signals at specific frequencies when light of specific wavelengths is absorbed. The electromagnetic radiation is selected to have wavelengths corresponding to optical absorption features of at least one specific chemical in the sample chamber. The acoustic signals are detected by at least one beat tone or combination tone characteristic of and representative of the degree of absorption by a specific chemical or multiple specific chemicals desired to be detected. The apparatus and process are especially useful in leak detection in natural gas systems and for detection of pollutants, explosive gases and the like.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for the location of pipeline damage and medium leak therefrom by acoustical monitoring of the soil about a pipe and recording emission noise by microphone and an amplifier which controls a peak noise indicator. Each measurement point detected by the amplifier is applied to a digital memory to display a histogram showing noise distribution along the pipe. The main frequency of the loudest measurement point is determined, and an octave filter is utilized to determine the frequency characterizing medium leakage to precisely locate the pipeline damage. Bar diagrams may be provided on a viewplate by bands of parallel arrays of light emitting diodes to display noise distribution along the pipeline. A frequency analyzer may transmit from the amplifier to the memory the peak frequency value of each observed frequency band to enable frequency analysis of the loudest measurement point. The apparatus may have a case with a lid defining openings sized for viewing the bar diagrams.

Abstract: An oil seal test unit tests for leakage of oil seals in a rack and pinion steering unit having (a) a pinion housing with a main supply pressure inlet and outlet, and left and right turn fluid pressure connections; (b) a rack housing with left turn and a right turn fluid pressure fittings; and (c) right and left tie rod ends. The test unit includes a pump for supplying hydraulic fluid under pressure through a main supply line connected to the inlet of the pinion housing. A return line connected to an outlet from the pinion housing returns fluid to the pump reservoir. Steering pressure is simulated by a reciprocating bar secured to the tie rod ends of the steering unit. A hydraulic cylinder has a piston with an actuating rod connected to the reciprocating bar. Right or left turning movement of the steering unit moves the tie rods which, in turn, applies pressure against hydraulic fluid in the cylinder.