Abstract: The dynamic properties of a machine are defined by its kinetic energy, potential energy and dissipation functions. The machine is also identifiable by the nonviscous friction therein. These properties form the basis for the dynamic analysis of any machine. When the response of a single degree of freedom machine is observed while being driven by a forced periodic input torque, information is obtained whereby these functions together with the nonviscous friction characteristic may be determined. The apparatus and method by which such determinations may be made have applications in machinery development, quality control and diagnosis.

Abstract: Under certain engine operating conditions in which fluctuation of the intake air flow into the engine is relatively intense, an appropriate number of Karman vortex pulses are subtracted from the number of the measured Karman vortex pulses. The remaining number of Karman vortex pulses are used to calculate the intake air flow to the engine to improve the measuring accuracy.

Abstract: A method is proposed for measuring the pulsating air mass aspirated by an internal combustion engine in a flow cross section. To this end, an upper reference value (U.sub.or) is determined from the rpm of the engine, above which value a reversed flow of the air takes place, and an actual flowthrough measurement value (U.sub.s) furnished by a flowthrough measuring device is compared with this upper reference value (U.sub.or). Upon the attainment of the upper reference value (U.sub.or) by the actual flowthrough measurement value (U.sub.s), a time period (t.sub.r) begins to run, which ends whenever the actual flowthrough measurement value (U.sub.s) has again dropped down to the upper reference value (U.sub.or). The time period (t.sub.r) is stored in memory and serves in such a manner to correct the flowthrough measurement value (U.sub.s) upon the occurrence of reversed flow that the polarity of the actual flowthrough measurement value (U.sub.s) is reversed, at the most for the time period (t.sub.

Abstract: An automated borehole gravity meter system for measuring gravity within a wellbore. The gravity meter includes leveling devices for leveling the borehole gravity meter, displacement devices for applying forces to a gravity sensing device within the gravity meter to bring the gravity sensing device to a predetermined or null position. Electronic sensing and control devices are provided for (i) activating the displacement devices, (ii) sensing the forces applied to the gravity sensing device, (iii) electronically converting the values of the forces into a representation of the gravity at the location in the wellbore, and (iv) outputting such representation. The system further includes electronic control devices with the capability of correcting the representation of gravity for tidal effects, as well as, calculating and outputting the formation bulk density and/or porosity.

Abstract: An apparatus is proposed for measuring the mass of a flowing medium in an air intake tube, in particular, for measuring the aspirated air mass of internal combustion engines. The apparatus has at least one temperature-dependent resistor disposed in the flow of the medium, whose temperature and/or resistance is regulated in accordance with the mass of the medium; the adjustment variable serves as a measurement standard for the mass of the medium. The temperature-dependent resistor is disposed in a gap extending parallel to the flow of the medium, and a deflecting body bridging that gap is disposed upstream of the gap. In orer to prevent soiling of the temperature-dependent resistor inlet conduits for the flow of medium to the gap are provided downstream of the maximum cross section of the deflecting body and these inlet conduits discharge into the gap at an acute angle.

Abstract: A capacitive fluid-gauging probe has a tubular electrode that is secured at its upper end to the wall of a reservoir by an integral mount moulded from a frangible plastics material. The mount has a collar that is fitted to the probe and from which extend radially three pairs of struts. The struts are joined at their outer ends with respective pillars that extend parallel to the probe. The pillars are joined with a plate that is secured to the wall of the reservoir above the probe. Domed plugs are inserted in both ends of the electrode to protect the wall of the reservoir which may be of flexible material. Preferably the ends of the probe are spaced from the reservoir walls. In operation, excessive force on the probe causes the struts to break, thereby allowing the probe to be displaced within the reservoir.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved liquid-level indicator. The liquid-level indicator comprises an upstanding tube and a float arranged for vertical movement therein. This float is provided with a permanent magnet which is polarized in a horizontal plane and influences magnetically an array of display elements. These display elements are located outside of the tube. The display elements are rotatably supported and arranged in succession one above the other. Between the display elements and the tube there extends a magnetic strip arranged such that the permanent magnet of the float is oriented towards the display elements. This magnetic strip also pre-tensions the display elements. It is located outside of the tube and at a distance from the float.

Abstract: A dynamic electric wheel balancer for measuring the imbalance condition in a vehicle wheel and indicating the position and correction weights required for balancing the wheel in one or two planes. The wheel balancer contains a rotating shaft in order to make the dynamic measurements. The shaft is freewheeling during measurement and is brought up to a predetermined minimum r.p.m. value through a motor and clutch arrangement. In order to take the measurements, piezoelectric sensors are used to measure the vertical force components exhibited by the imbalance condition of the vehicle wheel secured to the rotating main shaft. The measured force components are converted into digital form through the use of a voltage controlled oscillator and a counter in conjunction with a timing wheel.

Abstract: A multifunction sensor provides two axes of angular rate and two axes of ear acceleration information from a single instrument. The multifunction sensor utilizes an air bearing rotor to support the spinning transducers. Angular rate measurements are made by utilizing two thin film transistors mounted on the rotor and oriented to sense strain about axes in a first plane orthogonal to the rotor spin axis. The two transducers output signals are summed to provide common mode rejection. A second set of thin film transistors are mounted on the rotor in a second plane orthogonal to that of the first set of transistors and oriented to sense strain along the axes orthogonal to the rotor spin axis. Two axes of acceleration can be measured by integrating this output signal at the proper time using a clock frequency. Angular rate and linear acceleration signals may be extracted from the rotating member via slip ring contacts or inductive pickoffs.

Abstract: A method of ultrasonically inspecting the internal structure of a multi-ply composite material using ultrasonic transducers includes the steps of positioning an ultrasonic transmitter in acoustical contact with one surface of the material, directing a beam of acoustic energy into the material with the angle of incidence of the beam with respect to the surface being less than the second critical angle for the material but greater than normal to the surface, and receiving the reflected energy. In one embodiment, the transmitting and receiving transducers are positioned with their axis perpendicular to the orientation of the reinforcing fibers within the ply being inspected. In another embodiment, the transmitter and receiver are aligned at equal angles on either side of a line which is perpendicular to the orientation of the fibers. The receiver may be located on the same or the opposite side of the material from the transmitter.

Abstract: The insonification apparatus is designed for the examination of an object, preferably for medical examinations. The apparatus contains an ultrasonic wave-generating transducer for emitting ultrasonic waves toward an examination plane, and an imaging device having principal planes for passing ultrasound waves received from the examination plane toward an imaging plane. The acoustic image formed in the imaging plane is received by a receiving transducer and transferred into electrical signals. The apparatus also contains an ultrasound condensing device such as a lens, a mirror, or a combination of such elements. This condensing device forms an ultrasonic image of the wave-generating transducer in the aperture of the imaging device. Thus, an increased uniformity of the intensity distribution in the image plane and an increased image contrast for high-spatial frequency information are obtained.

Abstract: A process and a device for the nondestructive ultrasonic testing of the material of generator rotor teeth providing with an inserted slot wedge, using a probe arrangement including transmit probes, reference probes and defect detection probes which are disposed on a support plate in such a manner as to be movably attached to the teeth, wherein ultrasonic beams are transmitted and reflected by the rotor teeth flanks and the reflected beams are received in a reference probe utilizing a two-fold deflection of the sound at the tooth flanks which are inclined with respect to the tooth back. An ultrasonic beam, reflected by any existing defects of a given type and orientation, is selectively received outside the receiving range of the normally reflected acoustic beam by means of a defect detection probe, and the damaged locations is detected by comparison of the ultrasonic signals received by the reference and defect detection probes.

Abstract: The transmitter comprises an array of electro-acoustic transducers (1), each of which is connected to an oscillator circuit (9) which has a start input (11). The start inputs (11) successively receive start signals from a start signal generator (13) which comprises a number of comparators (15), each of which comprises a first input (17) and a second input (19). The first inputs (17) are together connected to an output of a sawtooth generator (21), the second input (19) of each comparator (15) are connected to a direct voltage source (23). A direct voltage source (23) is provided for each start signal to be successively generated at least some of the direct voltage sources being controllable in common.

Abstract: Beams of ultrasound are transmitted into a rail. The transmission alternates between vertical and oblique beams. Transmission of the beams and reception of ultrasonic echoes is accomplished by a probe which includes a two channel ultrasonic transducer. The echoes are displayed simultaneously on two linear arrays of LED's which are arranged to resemble the relationship between a vertical beam and an oblique beam.

Abstract: A differential pressure measuring system is disclosed. The system includes two quartz capacitive pressure transducers (14, 16). Each capsule contains a pressure sensitive capacitor (Csa, Csb) and a relatively pressure invariable reference capacitor (Cra, Crb). The pressure sensitive capacitors (Csa, Csb) are excited by out-of-phase signals, (Vr, -Vr) which further excite the reference capacitors (Cra, Crb), out of phase, respectively. The outputs of all capacitors are combined in a summing junction (22) whose output controls the count of a digital integrator (34). A closed loop is formed by converting the output of the integrator (34) to a negative feedback signal (lf) which is applied to the summing junction (22) through a feedback capacitor (Cf). The integrator (34) incrementally changes the feedback signal (lf) in a direction to balance the loop. At this point the output of the integrator (34) is representative of the measured differential pressure.

Abstract: A pressure measuring device is provided with a change-over valve connecting the pressure sensor either with the pressure to be measured or with a reference pressure. The change-over valve is actuated by a separate control pressure and will protect the pressure sensor from the influence of the pressure medium to be measured in the spring-loaded idle position of the valve.

Abstract: A body for improved shedding of vortices within a flowing fluid has a very short downstream length, e.g. 1/8 inch, yet is capable of excellent flow metering performance. The body includes an upstream elongate thin plate spanning the inner diameter of a conduit, and one or more sections projecting downstream of the plate. Generally, these sections are in the form of cylindrical rods having circular, rectangular, or oval cross-sections, with their longitudinal axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plate. Although these sections may be separated from the plate, in certain embodiments they are rigidly attached to the downstream side thereof. By simultaneously maintaining the ratio of the width (i.e., transverse to the flow direction) of the thin plate to the overall width of the downstream sections within the range from 1.0 to 2.2, and the ratio of the width of the thin plate to the diameter of the conduit within the range from 0.1 to 0.

Abstract: A throttle controller comprising circuit means for accomplishing numerous improvements including means to convert the reactive load cell torque value into a true torque value instantaneously using an extremely simple passive circuit; together with means to use this value together with either load or power feedback values to generate a true shaft load signal. The circuit also includes improved means to permit the throttle controller to provide a single pulse usable for the dual functions of driving either a servo or a solenoid type actuator, in addition to other types of actuators for the throttle of the engine being tested.

Abstract: A device for measuring the torque on an elongate shaft which is twisted as the shaft is subjected to torque. An elongate tubing is located around the shaft and is attached at one end to the shaft. A flange member is located adjacent the opposite end of the tubing and includes an outer rim which is flexibly mounted to the shaft. A camming mechanism is located between the rim and the end of the elongate tubing so that the rim is axially deflected as the shaft twists under the torque relative to the free end of the elongate tubing. The axial deflection of the rim is measured and the torque on the shaft is determined by the magnitude of this deflection. The axial deflection is conveniently measured by measuring the effect on fluid flow out of a nozzle located adjacent to the rim.

Abstract: A fluid pipetting method is to pipette and distribute a fluid into a plurality of vessels by means of a single probe. In pipetting operations, a cleaning liquid, an air layer and the total sum of the fluid including a part of surplus, the total of the fluid to be pipetted and a part of waste are picked up into the probe in the order listed and an amount of pipetting the fluid into respective vessels is controlled in accordance with the pipetting order in such a manner that the amount of the fluid pipetted and distributed into each of vessels is substantially a given value.

Abstract: A rotational speed number controlling device for automatic transmissions for changing speeds by automatically changing a plurality of centrifugal clutches in response to the number of revolutions of the engine wherein a sliding piece is connected to a rotary shaft to which the rotation of a low speed side centrifugal clutch is to be transmitted so as to be able to transmit rotations and to be slidable in the axial direction in response to the driving torque so that the number of engaging rotations of a high speed side centrifugal clutch may be varied by the sliding of the above mentioned sliding piece caused in response to the driving torque. For example, in the case of a quick acceleration at the time of the second speed running in an automatic three-speed transmission, the high speed side centrifugal clutch may not be immediately engaged but the second speed state may be maintained until a sufficient acceleration and then the high speed side centrifugal clutch may be engaged.

Abstract: A transmission device for providing positive geared, constant mesh, variable speed, rotary power transmission. The device includes a power drive shaft with an axially mounted, slidable drive gear. This drive gear is locked in rotational movement by means of an axial guide track fixed to the power drive shaft. A transmission drive shaft is fixed in oblique orientation with respect to the power drive shaft and carries a plurality of reduction gears of decreasing radius. The reduction gears are mounted on the transmission drive shaft on a spherical mounting race which permits the reduction gear to have an axis of rotation oblique to the axis of the transmission drive shaft and parallel with the axis of the power drive shaft. The spherical mounting race includes projections which are housed in elongated recesses within each reduction gear.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine such as that used on a motorcycle is made burglarproof by making inoperable any one of a number of movable engine parts. Externally a key is used to lock such engine elements as the crankshaft, drive shaft, transmission components, shift components and clutch components. A locking means is also disclosed that prevents the two engine casings from being taken apart.

Abstract: This invention discloses a mounting piece for the shift lever (22) on relatively small tractors. A shift ball (21) molded onto the shift lever (22) is inserted into a molded single piece unitary construction bell housing (20) and the bell housing attached to the transmission housing (23).

Abstract: A linkage for operating a control element of an internal combustion engine is constructed in a manner such that a change in the inclination of the position of the internal combustion engine has no effect, or merely an intentional, minor effect on the relative position of a linkage operated control element for the internal combustion engine. In accordance with a first embodiment, by appropriately dimensioning and positioning a regulating lever along the longitudinal shaft directly operating the control element, rotation of the longitudinal shaft, during inclination of the engine, is matched, or caused to differ by a predetermined amount, so as to maintain a desired relationship between the position of the control element relative to the engine.

Abstract: An apparatus for profile-forming saw teeth, a carriage to which a saw blade to be toothed is affixed for feeding longitudinally and transversely with respect to a cutter blade. The carriage is horizontally rotatable about a cutting position of a cutter blade as a center of rotation and a tooth angle changing mechanism gradually moves the carriage to a predetermined angle at feed positions according to the timing of the longitudinal and transverse feed mechanism, thereby shaping saw teeth.

Abstract: A specialized lock picking set for opening lever tumbler locks. The set consists of a special pick and tension wrench. The pick lifts all the levers simultaneously to allow the bolt stop to move into the lever tumbler gates as the tension wrench exerts pressure on the bolt in the unlock direction.

Abstract: In a lathe comprising a lathe bed, a tailstock mounted on the lathe bed at one end thereof, the tailstock carrying a dead center, and a headstock mounted on the lathe bed at a distance from the tailstock at an opposite end thereof, the distance defining the length of the lathe bed, a hollow spindle being rotatably journaled in the headstock and the spindle carrying a live center in alignment with the dead center, the centers being capable of supporting therebetween a workpiece shaft: an attachment for the hollow spindle, the attachment extending from the headstock in a direction away from the tailstock, the attachment being of adjustable length and having an end spaced from the headstock, the attachment end defining a tapered borehole holding the live center for supporting a workpiece shaft having a length exceeding the length of the lathe bed. The attachment permits the shaft to be turned along its entire length in two steps by turning it between the live and dead centers.

Abstract: Two spindles are provided that are coaxial. The head-stock carrying one spindle can move on longitudinal slideways which are parallel to the axis of the spindles. That provides, with a synchronization of the speeds of the spindles to effect the transfer of the workpieces from the chuck of one spindle onto the chuck of the other spindle. A carriage provided with a transversal slideway can move along a pair of longitudinal slideways, parallel to the axis of the two spindles. This carriage carries a frame provided with a revolver-turret-carrying working-tools. The tools of the two revolver-turrets thus can work indifferently the workpieces carried by one and the other of the two spindles.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for slicing elongated products, such as sausages. A pair of product engaging members are driven simultaneously in opposite directions so that one member can feed the product to a slicer while the other member is returning to the start position. A magazine may be provided for storing a supply of products and automatically discharging the product in timed relationship with the product engaging members. In addition, the product engaging members may have tines for gripping the product during feeding to the slicer and for releasing the waste end of the product during the return stroke.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to cutters for automatically cutting strips of material such as wire rope, electrical cable, or any other desired cylindrical, linear material. The apparatus proposed is best suited for cutting wire rope having a diameter of from 1/4 inch to about 1 inch. The cutting apparatus includes a controlled turntable upon which a roll of wire rope is mounted, the wire rope is directed through the tubular guide into two oppositely disposed rollers which are adjusted to size for feeding the wire to a cutter. Adjacent the cutter a V-groove platform is provided in which the wire rope lays during cutting. The V-groove is formed by adjacent doorsections that pivot to permit the cut piece to fall through the opened doors to a container below the table. The apparatus is provided with a suitable electrical circuit for operating the cutter motor, the grip roller, the turntable and controls for movement of the cutter and opening the V-groove doors.

Abstract: A preloaded spring assembly is disclosed having a compression coil spring received interior of a housing. The housing is made of opposed cup-shaped housing members having open ends with one of the cup-shaped members having a smaller diameter and having its open end projecting into the open end of the second housing member. The respective open ends are configured to provide a lock abutment preventing separation of the housing members beyond a certain dimension whereby the spring positioned interior of the housing members having its opposite ends in contact with the bottoms of the respective cup-shaped housing members is provided with a compressive preload. Also, disclosed is a method of manufacturing the preloaded spring assembly which configures the open ends to provide a mechanical interlock during assembly such that the spring is preloaded at the time of assembly.

Abstract: A device for cutting or stamping metal bars and sections comprising a machine frame having a slide which is guided for movement in a frame and which is driven in the direction of its length by an hydraulic or pneumatic drive which applies a driving force substantially along the longitudinal center line of the slide, a pair of tools one of which is connected to the machine frame, the other being carried by the slide, said pair of tools being laterally offset relatively to the line of application of the driving force, and the machine frame being provided with laterally spaced guides both above and below the tools for guiding said movement of the slide. An additional force is applied to the slide to oppose the torque which in use will be generated by the force couple which is formed by the aforesaid driving force applied by the hydraulic or pneumatic drive and the cutting or stamping reaction force which will be developed in use by the pair of tools.

Abstract: Apparatus for cutting elongate workpieces, such as lengths of lumber including lengths of scrap lumber, into blocks of predetermined length for use, for example, as spacers for pallets, the apparatus comprising a chute for holding a workpiece generally vertical comprising separate upper and lower portions, a generally horizontal circular saw blade, a pivotally mounted arm carrying the saw blade for moving the saw blade between a cutting position in which the saw blade extends between the chute portions for cutting the workpiece and a retracted position in which the saw blade is spaced from the chute, and a feed mechanism for feeding the workpiece through the chute under the force of gravity in timed relation to the movement of the arm.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus and a method for cutting a series of spaced-apart continuous linear slits in a sheet of flexible plastics material, for example in the manufacture of an adjustable width window blind. In one embodiment the apparatus includes a feed roller for feeding sheeting to be slit to a support means, a plurality of slitting blades movable in a direction transverse to the direction of travel of the sheeting and means for controlling the blades so that they cut to a depth less than the thickness of the material. In a second embodiment the blades are stationary and are adapted to cut in the direction of travel of the material. The blades may be mounted on leaf springs biased towards the material to be cut, means being provided for controlling the biasing force. Alternatively, a stop may be provided to control the depth of cut of the blades.

Abstract: Method for cutting heavy wall steel tubing. The tubing is notched and cut through along a vertical axis but the blade is narrower than the interior diameter so as to leave the side walls uncut. A side wall is preferably notched during the first cut. Thereafter, a second blade is driven horizontally through the side notch to complete the cut.

Abstract: A combined bridge and tailpiece assembly for a stringed musical instrument such as a guitar is disclosed, characterized by a tailpiece member which is manually rotated to produce a vibrato effect. The assembly includes a tailpiece block which is secured to the body portion of the instrument and an elongate tailpiece member rotatably connected at its ends with the tailpiece block for rotation in one direction about an axis parallel with and eccentrically horizontally and vertically offset from the longitudinal axis of the tailpiece member to provide camming action. Adjustable string attachment devices are connected with the tailpiece member for attachment to the ends of the instrument strings which, when tensioned, normally bias the tailpiece member in one direction of rotation. A plurality of adjustable saddle rollers are connected with the tailpiece block and act as a bridge to guide the instrument strings to the string attachment devices.

Abstract: A percussion drum set is disclosed herein having an elongated semi-oval main shell with semi-squared ends enclosing a plurality of sound chambers or resonators in a side-by-side relationship. An auxiliary shell supports the main so that the drum height of the main shell is at one continuous level. A single continuous sound generator or head is adjustably carried across each shell covering the respective sound chambers. Alternately, a plurality of individual drums may be arranged in a row within each of the shells.

Abstract: A sound signal automatic detector used in a system with a micro computer and display for automatically detecting an input sound wave, computing from the detected sound wave the fundamental frequency of the sound and displaying its value in a number of different formats. The sound signal detector requires no attention on the part of a musician or other user while it is in operation and comprises a sound signal transducer supplying an amplifier having audio frequency bandpass characteristics compatible with the sound signal frequency spectrum over which sound signals to be analyzed extend. The bandpass characteristics of the amplifier preferably are defined by a high pass filter stage followed by an automatic gain control amplifier that in turn is followed by two stages of low pass filtering.

Abstract: A T-joint having a two-part housing applicable to a pipe contains a member adapted to cut a hole in the pipe when acted upon by an explosive charge to provide a branch conduit from the pipe. The explosive charge is contained in a nut attachable to the housing and is ignited by a percussion cap. The bottom portion of the nut is provided with three concentric recesses, each one smaller than the preceding one. The first recess holds the charge, the second recess holds a breech member for the percussion cap, and the third recess holds an anvil for firing the cap.

Abstract: An armature for electromagnetic launchers is provided with multiple conductive fibers which form a multi-contact interface with the launcher rails. The fibers are attached to an insulating armature support and can extend across the launcher bore or be attached to contact faces of a trailing conductive chevron. Transposition of the fibers reduces electrical skin effect within the armature.

Abstract: Microwave projectile communication apparatus comprises a microwave probe fixed to a gun barrel at its muzzle end. A microwave oscillator, having a reference frequency selected for exciting the single fundamental electromagnetic mode in the barrel, is connected to the probe, for example, through a hybrid mixer configured for extracting, from moving projectile-reflected microwaves, a true Doppler signal for projectile velocity measurements. Connected between the oscillator and the probe is a signal modulator for modulating the reference oscillator signal to the probe. Connected to the signal modulator is a driver signal generator which controls the modulator in a manner enabling information, such as fuse delay time or target range, to be communicated to the projectile fuse. A conventional fire control computer may be used to provide to the modulator the data to be transmitted to the projectile.

Abstract: An improved gun barrel is disclosed in which the breech chamber has a length (B) and diameter (D.sub.2) which are chosen relative to the axial spacing (a) between a forward guiding ring (8) and a rearward driving band (6) of the ammunition unit to be fired from the barrel and relative to the diameters (d.sub.1 and d.sub.2) of the guiding ring and driving band, so that the longitudinal axis of the ammunition unit and the bore of the barrel are substantially aligned before the forward guiding ring enters the rifled portion of the bore.

Abstract: A drum-type ammunition magazine includes a plurality of concentric ammunition bays therein with each bay having disposed therein a plurality of fixed tiered partitions for supporting linkless ammunition and a rotatably mounted ammunition carrier for moving the linkless ammunition within the bays and between the fixed tiered partitions and toward a port communicating with each ammunition bay. The ammunition carriers may be operated independent of each other, enabling storage of a different type of ammunition in each of the ammunition bays.

Abstract: A large caliber cannon such as a 155 mm Howitzer uses ammunition rounds consisting of a projectile and a propellant charge which are loaded in sequence into the breech of the cannon. The cannon is mounted on a gun carriage and is free to move in elevation on the carriage about an elevation axis. The carriage is controllable in azimuth for gun pointing. Storage drums for holding a plurality of projectiles and charges are mounted on the carriage. Projectile trays and propellant charge trays are positioned to receive the projectiles and their propellant charges from the storage drums. The trays are pivotally mounted on cradle arms so that they may be rotated between a receiving position and a gun loading position. The cradle arms are pivotally mounted on the gun carriage so that they may be moved between the elevation of the receiving position and a position in alignment with the breech when the cannon is being trained.

Abstract: An energy conserving air motor with rotary actuation includes a pair of cooperating different diameter pistons coaxially arranged and connected rigidly to one another by a central connecting member provided with spur gear section adaptable of receiving a meshing pinion assembled inside an elongated housing provided with a diffential diameter bore passing therethrough and adaptable of receiving inside a larger diameter section which is blind a larger piston while smaller diameter section which is provided with fluid supply and exhaust port means receives smaller diameter piston while said pinion entering said housing perpendicularly substantially central to the housing ends so as to rotate therein when pistons move linearly inside bore between a first normally atmospheric and a second energized positions in response to the working fluid pressure supplied via fluid supply and exhaust port means by way of a 3-way solenoid or pilot operated directional valve so as to allow energization of the small diameter pisto

Abstract: A hydraulic valve system particularly adapted for controlling a hydraulically powered elevator. The system involves essentially a bypass valve which selectively bypasses hydraulic fluid from the pump directly back to the tank during the up mode operation, thereby controlling the up speed of the elevator; and a down valve which selectively controls the escape of fluid from the elevator jack back to the tank, thereby controlling the down speed of the elevator. The down valve also serves as a check valve for retaining fluid pressure in the jack. Both the bypass valve and the down/check valve are each controlled by closely integrated cylinder-and-piston arrangement, with pressure to the cylinder being controlled by a control valve structurally interlinked to the respective piston. The bypass valve also serves as a check valve between the jack and the tank during the down mode of operation. The cylinder-and-piston control for the bypass valve makes possible an initial limit opening of the bypass valve, i.e.

Abstract: A hydraulic ram for use in thrust-jacking of tunnel linings comprises a cylindrical outer member, a cylindrical inner member reciprocable within the outer member, and an extension member reciprocable within the inner member. A two-part clamping ring is provided for releasably locking the extension member to the inner member. An auxiliary drive is provided for retracting the extension member rapidly within the inner member. The auxiliary drive may be a mechanical spindle drive, or a hydraulic drive having an auxiliary piston reciprocable within an axial bore formed in the extension member. The clamping ring comprises spring means for urging the parts of the clamping ring in to the closed position, and piston-and-cylinder means for urging the parts of the clamping ring apart, against the biasing force of the spring means, to open the clamping ring.

Abstract: Flexible welded metal bellows comprising a plurality of diaphragms comprising flexible metal annuli free plates or rings having similar inner and outer diameters, alternate pairs of said plates having their outer and inner peripheries, respectively, welded to each other to form a fluid-tight connection therebetween. The invention comprises interposing and welding a metal annuli spacer plate or ring between at least one adjacent pair of said flexible free plates to space the free plates from each other and to prevent or reduce the pressure contact between the adjacent welds when the bellows is retracted.

Abstract: The insulated walls of a refrigerator chamber are pressurized so as to maintain a pressure within the insulated interior of the walls that is slightly higher than the exterior ambient air pressure. This is accomplished by means of small fans or the like blowing outwardly and mounted on the interior of the walls.