Abstract: A photoconductive member is charged and radiated with a light image to produce an electrostatic image. Sensing electrodes automatically sense the remaining potential in a portion of the electrostatic image corresponding to a background area of the original document scanned to produce the light image. In one embodiment the area is a white reference document disposed adjacent to the original document. In another embodiment a reference document is not provided and a plurality of portions of the electrostatic image are sensed. The lowest value of the sensed potential is utilized. Computing means compute and apply the biasing voltage to the developing electrode as a predetermined function of the sensed potential.

Abstract: Electrically-conductive films of tin oxide are prepared by a novel process utilizing gaseous chemical compounds which react to form a tin-fluorine bond at a temperature which is (1) high enough so that the newly-created tin-fluorine bond-bearing molecule remains in the vapor-phase; and (2) low enough so that oxidation of the molecule occurs only after the indicated re-arrangement. Films prepared by the process of the invention are characterized by surface resistances as low as 1 ohm per square when the film thickness is as thin as about a micron. These films are also characterized by extremely good reflectance of infrared radiation.

Abstract: A garment is provided with first and second fastener tracks such as to extend transversely across respective front and back parts of its trunk portion. The fastener tracks can be fastened together with a portion of the garment other than a portion under these fastener tracks accommodated in the space defined by the portion under the fastener tracks. In this form, the garment can be used as a knapsack to be carried along on the back. Thus, it is possible to avoid losing the garment after it is taken off. Also, there is no need for the garment to occupy either hand when it is carried along. Further, small-sized goods may be carried along in the knapsack thus formed.

Abstract: A disposable hand care product comprising first and second glove side elements fabricated of a relatively thin plastic film material, each of these elements having oppositely extending finger receiving areas and juxtapositioned palm receiving areas, these side elements being disposed in face-to-face aligned relationship and being sealingly interconnected to one another around the entire periphery thereof so as to define a pair of glove members arranged in wrist-to-wrist connected relationship, a hand care product disposed interjacent these side elements, and separating means permitting convenient separation of the pair of glove members from one another and simultaneously providing access into the interior of the member so that a person can insert his or her hands into these members and thereby have skin contact with the hand care product disposed therewithin.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a helmet having a novel ventilating structure located in the dome-shaped portion of the helmet.

Abstract: Surgical implants, especially endoprosthetic orthopaedic implants and sutures, are rendered antimicrobial by the presence of a bioerodible metallic silver component, especially a surface coating, which provides in vivo a sustained release of silver ions in a concentration sufficient to provide a localized antimicrobial effect but insufficient to cause significant damage to connective tissue. Latently bioerodible silver components of an implant can be activated by, for example, abrasion, heating to above about 180.degree. C. or, especially, contact with hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A lens implant for insertion in the posterior chamber of human eye following an extra-capsular removal of the natural lens of the eye comprises a lens 1 of polymethyl methacrylate with two similar integral holding loops 2, which are flexible and resilient. Each loop 2 has a relatively stiff radial portion 3 followed by more flexible portions 5, 6 and 7 of varying curvatures. The free end 8 of each loop lies radially outwardly from the portion 5 of the other loop and the loops are so shaped that when the ends 8 are squeezed inwards into contact with the portions 5, the two loops 2 together form a substantially circular ring surrounding the lens concentrically. This facilitates insertion of the lens through an incision into the eye and, after insertion, the loops spring outwards again and engage either the anterior capsular flaps remaining after removal of the natural lens or the ciliary sulcus to hold the lens in position in the eye.

Abstract: Convertible furniture comprising a bed frame pivotally mounted about a transverse axis between raised and lowered positions. Means is provided for applying a torque on the frame acting opposite to the force of gravity so that the forces are in substantial equilibrium in an intermediate arc of travel. In one embodiment a utility module such as a love seat is mounted with the frame through a parallelogram connection, and a latch mechanism is provided for releasable locking the frame in its horizontal position. In another embodiment a bed frame is pivotally mounted to move into a wall cavity, and a latch mechanism is provided for releasably locking the bed in either its raised or lowered positions.

Abstract: A tanning blanket for reflecting a large portion of the solar radiation which is otherwise scattered in directions away from the person using the blanket, towards the flanks of the person, the blanket having a plurality of incremental reflectors in a Fresnel pattern on a flexible substrate, which reflectors reflect incident solar radiation toward the person and distribute the reflected radiation across the flanks of the person.

Abstract: A cushion or mattress assembly having first and second resilient support surfaces of varying firmness each secured to a center piece stiffener board. The stiffener board is formed from a plurality of hinged sections allowing flexure of the stiffener board in one direction only, as well as allowing the entire assembly to be folded or rolled up for storage.

Abstract: A mattress for use on a bed and settee comprises a spring unit, at least one cushion, a protection layer arranged between the spring unit and the cushion, and an outer covering for covering these component members. The protection layer includes a frame located at the circumference and outside of the spring unit, and a net tensioned inside the frame, the protection layer being made of synthetic resin and having the frame and net formed integral thereto. The frame has a flange with which end turns of coil springs arranged in the spring unit and adjacent to the frame can be contacted. The frame of each protection layer provided with the flange has sufficient rigidity and serves as a reinforcing member.

Abstract: A combination tip wrench and stand which is particularly designed for use with a soldering or desoldering instrument, but having other uses. Basically the tip wrench is of generally U-shape, consisting of a top wall and two side walls, preferably of sheet metal. The instrument has a first, a second, and a third width of successively smaller dimensions, the largest width being at one end. The top wall extends only from the second width and is provided with a first U-shaped opening. The other end also has a second U-shaped opening in the top wall, thus forming a first, a second, and a third wrench. Near the third U-shaped opening is a portion normal to the top wall and the side walls and integral therewith and having a circular opening to extend, for example, a soldering tip therethrough, while its nut can be unscrewed by engagement with the side walls. The instrument also includes a pair of legs which in their folded position extend over the smallest width of the tip wrench.

Abstract: A mountaineering implement comprises a handle (1), a toolhead (3) mounted at one end (2) of the handle (1) and at least one tool (4, 5) releasably fixed to the toolhead (3). The toolhead has a slot (8) and the tool has a plate-like appendage (18, 26) slidably inserted and locked within this slot. Two opposing flat faces of the slot each have at least one rib (10) extending parallel to the direction of sliding of the plate-like appendage (18, 26) in the slot and each of these ribs (10) is engaged in a corresponding groove (20, 28) formed in the surface (19, 27) of the plate-like appendage of the tool (4, 5). In a preferred embodiment, the toolhead is constituted by a folded sheet-metal blank and provides for the use of two tools, the plate-like appendages of which engage in opposite ends of the slot and have complementarily-stepped ends (21, 29) which contact each other.

Abstract: A device for starting a ball in a muzzle-loading firearm and for removing arrowheads lodged in trees or the like, where the arrowheads include threaded fingers extending rearwardly for receiving a correspondingly threaded opening in the forward end of an arrow shaft. The arrow shaft is screwable onto and unscrewable from the threaded finger of the arrowhead and when the arrow, with the arrowhead, is shot into a tree, the arrow shaft is simply unscrewed from the arrowhead. The device of the invention includes an elongate shank, one end of which has a threaded opening therein for screwing onto the threaded finger of the arrowhead, a stop disposed at the other end of the shaft, and a weighted sleeve disposed about the shank to slide therealong. After the elongate shank is screwed onto the arrowhead embedded in the tree, the weighted sleeve is repetitively moved against the stop on the shank to force the device away from the tree and thereby extract the arrowhead from its embedded position.

Abstract: A machine and method for continuously orienting and tapping fasteners such as pierce nuts with the nuts being advanced in face-to-face manner aligned on the machine feed path. The machine is operable in one mode, in combination with nut collection means, to receive strips of the nuts from the feed path in side-to-side array for delivery in installation-ready coiled strips to an installation assembly or the like. One embodiment of the collection means includes apparatus for collecting and dispensing the nuts in unconnected linear stacks. Tapping of the nuts is performed by the machine in a "reverse flow" or deferred manner just prior to the nuts being dispensed from the feed path with the tapped nuts maintained in face-to-face spaced array. The machine reverse flow tapping provides for burr clearance between the spaced nuts to thereby assure that tapping burrs will not improperly position the nuts obviating machine jamming and thread obstruction by such burrs.

Abstract: A one-piece, washable and sterilizable plastic shoe comprising a lower part with a top on which the foot bears and a bottom enveloping an outsole and a heel, and an upper part having ventilating openings in a substantially vertical lateral area, these openings having upper and lower outer boundary edges that are lower, respectively, than the corresponding upper and lower inner boundary edges thereof. The method for producing such a plastic shoe includes the steps of introducing mouldable plastic into a mould comprising top and bottom halves with a shoe last therebetween and simultaneously forming the lateral ventilating openings by means of spaced pins extending between the bottom-half mould and the last. The apparatus for producing the shoe comprises a mould having top and bottom halves with a shoe last therebetween and a plurality of pins extending from the bottom-half mould into removeable engagement with the shoe last.

Abstract: A washing apparatus constructed for using a plurality of types of brushes, in a manner such that a brush is supported on an end of a swing lever, and with an object to be washed being washed by rotating the brush in contact with said object. The washing apparatus is characterized so that when a hard brush is used the swing lever is fixed. However when a soft brush is used the brush is constrained by applying to said lever a load which is balanced by, or is a little less than the weight of said brush.

Abstract: A portable electric scrubber in which the drive shaft and gear assembly and drive motor are secured together in a fixed relationship by a one-piece gear case secured within a compartment defined between to halves of a housing. The output shaft includes integral, deflectable cantilever beams having ridges for engaging a central hole in an attachment. The housing is sealed by a one-piece seal which seals between the housing halves, around the output shaft and over an actuation button.

Abstract: To facilitate cleanout of a sewer a guide member is located with a manhole to guide a cleanout tool into the sewer. The sewer is downwardly inclined adjacent the manhole so that the inlet enters at a location below the outlet and a predetermined level of liquid is maintained in the manhole. The guide member comprises a base with a pair of upstanding wings that project above the predetermined level to present a pair of guide members for the insertion of the cleanout tool.

Abstract: A device for sensing the amount of force applied to the teeth during brushing is disclosed. The device includes a toothbrush holder pivotally supported inside a sleeve. O-rings mounted on the holder act both as fulcrum for the holder and as resistance members to resist the pivoting of the holder inside the sleeve. An adjustment cap is threadedly mounted on the sleeve and can adjustably compress the O-rings to provide variable resistance to the pivoting of the holder. An electrical circuit comprised of fixed and floating contacts detects the holder pivotal movement and lights up a bulb to indicate that the holder is pivoting. A battery is carried in the sleeve to power the circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heavy-duty metal brush particularly, but not exclusively, for removing anti-corrosion materials from an immersed metal surface.The brush comprises a compact assembly of radial strands of, for example, steel wire, which are applied against each other and are clamped between two metal plates, the diameter of which is less than that of the assembly of strands by at most 20 mm.In use of such a brush for removing an anticorrosion covering, the brush may be rotated at a circumferential speed of the order of 17 meters per second and may be mounted on a carriage adapted to roll over the surface on rollers and which is displaced either automatically or manually.

Abstract: A wall-mounted foldable airing or carpet-beating stand comprising an attachment bracket secured to the wall to support the inner end of a bar which in position of use of the stand assumes a horizontal position, and two support legs pivotally mounted in pivot points at the outer end of the bar. The bar is mounted for pivotal movement about a horizontal shaft in the attachment bracket. The shaft is displaceable in the vertical direction along slits or channels formed in the attachment bracket from or towards a lower operational position of the bar and an upper position of rest. In this position the bar may be pivoted to a vertical position.

Abstract: A lightweight portable vacuum cleaner and attachment nozzle are disclosed which may be readily carried by an operator to vacuum both normally accessible and normally inaccessible areas. The vacuum cleaner comprises an elbow-shaped plastic housing which encloses a filter bag and blower motor. The vacuum is carried under the arm of the operator supported from a strap that goes over the operator's shoulder. A deodorant chamber is mounted to the exhaust screen of the housing, so that exhaust from the blower motor can be used to distribute scented odor over the surface that is being cleaned. In addition, footings are mounted adjacent to the exhaust screen so that proper ventilation is assured for the blower motor. A flexible hose with suction tube is frictionally fitted into an aperture in the vacuum cleaner and thereby delivers suction to the area at which they are directed. A specific attachment nozzle is coupled to a 45.degree. coupling which is coupled to the suction tube.

Abstract: Apparatus for removal of ash and the like from open fireplaces, ashpans etc. by means of a vacuum cleaner, said apparatus comprising an airtight ash container, an inlet pipe stub for ash and air and an outlet pipe stub to be connected with a suction source such as a vacuum cleaner, wherein the container comprises a barrel with a bottom and an easily mountable and dismountable cover or lid and wherein the lid or cover carries the inlet pipe stub and the outlet pipe stub.

Abstract: A reusable tubular casing for use in producing sausage comprises an elongate, tubular membrane; an elongate, tubular supporting layer in surrounding relation to the membrane through a substantial portion of its length; a rigid support structure supporting the membrane and said supporting layer to define a substantially smooth through bore extending from end to end of the elongate membrane. A carrier for releasably retaining the reusable casing comprises a supporting body, yokes for receiving and locating the casing relative to the body, and a force imposing structure impinging on the ends of the casing to maintain a predetermined force against sausage material carried within said casing.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing fish tail pieces of the same length a fish conveyed transverse to its longitudinal axis in conveying troughs is displaced in the conveying troughs by a pulling engagement of its tail fin and is transversely cut after reaching the desired position. The device for carrying out this method comprises a gripping device in the form of a circular disc with a number of pincers which run with the trough conveyor and clampingly seize the tail fins. The diverging movement of the pincers which, due to the circular path, diverges from the conveying direction of the trough conveyor effects the displacement of the fish, this displacement being ended by the severing of the tail fin by means of a circular knife whose position can be adjusted.

Abstract: A chute feed having an opening roller and a vertical chute therebeneath for receiving and collecting fibers, the chute having one generally vertical side wall formed with an area of perforations extending above and below the normal level of fibers collected in the chute, and a blower for generating an air current around the upper portion of the opening roller and toward the perforations to entrain fibers leaving the roller and to assist in equalizing the level of fibers collected in the chute. A fiber level sensing device is provided adjacent the area of wall perforations to control the flow of fibers from the opening roller to the chute.

Abstract: A gripping unit (1) intended by mechanical contact to be caused to interact with an object (2) for the purpose of maintaining a gripping surface (3) belonging to the gripping unit in a fixed position relative to the object, said gripping unit including on the one hand a number of gripping elements (4) and on the other hand a gripping element support (5) connected to the gripping elements, in which the surface (3) of the gripping unit facing the object is in the form of one or more hard, gripping elements (4). Each gripping element (4) is joined directly to the gripping element support (5) by a metallurgical atomic bond. The material used for the gripping element support (5) is selected so as to exhibit considerable elastic rigidity and having the same or essentially the same modulus of elasticity as the material used for the gripping element (4).

Abstract: Particularly compact facing head structure including a housing having an axis of rotation and adapted to be directly secured to a rotating spindle for rotation about the axis of rotation thereof and slides secured to an end face of the housing for movement transversely of the axis of rotation of the housing, which facing head extends a minimum distance beyond the mounting face of the spindle. The slides may be arcuate whereby convex or concave surfaces may be machined.One end of the actuating member may extend through the end face of the housing so that a boring tool may be secured to the end of the actuating member whereby simultaneous boring and facing operations may be accomplished with the facing head. The slides are spring biased in one direction in all positions thereof to compensate for centrifugal force, backlash and facing head wear.Structure is provided for lubrication of the facing head under predetermined pressure with the facing head rotating.

Abstract: A rolling bearing arrangement has two axially spaced rolling bearings with their inner rings shrunk to a shaft and their outer rings interference fit in a housing. The outer ring of one bearing engages a radial abutment surface, and a spring extends between another abutment surface and the outer ring of the other bearing. Inner and outer locating rings held on the shaft and in the housing respectively abut the inner and outer rings of the second bearing. The arrangement enables the accurate axial prestressing of the bearing by selective heating of portions of the arrangement and application of weight thereto.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a tool which is connected to a conventional air-powered chisel to remove old rivets and reapply new rivets, the tool including a collar secured by set screws to a chuck end portion of the power chisel and carrying a sleeve slidably receiving a rod which in turn has a support or arm transverse thereto, a handle is pivotally connected to the rod to move the rod relative to the sleeve for bringing the arm into intimate relationship to an associated rivet, the arm having a bore through which a rivet can pass when driven from the element by a punch associated with the power chisel, and an anvil housed relative to the bore and having a recess in an enlarged head for accommodating the head of a new rivet which is upset by a riveting bit carried by the power chisel.

Abstract: There is provided an improved locking ring which may be used as a staple and a staple gun for clinching the locking ring. An open ring of spring-like material is provided having a pair of free ends with loops bent back. The open ring is clinched by intermating these loops thus forming a strong locking ring. A staple gun apparatus is provided to clinch the locking ring. A specially shaped die at the end of the staple gun having grooves which are cross-sectional mirror images of one another is utilized.

Abstract: A tool for pressing a bearing onto a shaft includes a threaded rod for connection to the shaft and an elongated tubular presser member coaxially received on the rod. A nut threaded on the free end of the rod is rotated to move the presser member in pressing engagement with a bearing to be seated on the shaft. A presser bearing assembly received on the free end of the shaft between the nut and the presser member enables the nut to turn freely on the rod and relative to other parts of the installation tool and the shaft. A plurality of presser plates adapt the tool for use in installing bearings in a wide range of sizes.

Abstract: An implement for setting individual conduit units in end-to-end stacking relation. First and second members are resiliently biased in spaced relation to each other. Cleats extend from the spaced members for supporting an end of a conduit unit. A toggle extends between the spaced members with its arm pivotally joined to those members at one end and to a common knee at their other end. In a preferred embodiment, the toggle is an over-center device having a stop with the cleats being spaced from each other sufficiently to engage an end of a conduit unit when the toggle is in the over-center position. Flexing of the toggle from the over-center position results in a withdrawal of the cleats from the conduit unit end. Positive release of the cleats from the conduit unit end is assured by members extending from each of the spaced members toward the other of the spaced members to engage a conduit unit supported by the cleats during flexing of the toggle.

Abstract: A mechanism automatically mounts end-flanged bags upon a display card disposed in an upright position, with the bags suspended, prior to insertion, in such a manner as to promote movement of the contents away from the flange that is to be engaged by the locking tabs. It includes means for forcing a locking tab of the card out of its plane, for inserting the flange of the bag into the slot formed behind the tab, and for returning the tab through the plane of the card to effect the interlock.

Abstract: The substrate of a gallium nitride light-emitting diode is made rough at given positions on the surface thereof, or an insulating film strip pattern is attached on the surface of the substrate prior to growing an n-type conductive gallium nitride layer and a semi-insulating gallium nitride layer thereon. As a result, high conductivity regions are formed in the semi-insulating layer at positions corresponding to the rough surfaces or the insulating film strip pattern in such a manner that each of the high conductivity region extends from the n-type conductive layer to the upper surface of the semi-insulating layer so as to function as a conductor to be connected to an electrode. In the same manner similar high conductive regions are made along kerf portions in a diode wafer, preventing each diode chip from being damaged on cutting.

Abstract: A method of fabricating CMOS integrated circuits including the ordered steps of: depositing a layer of phosphorus doped silicon oxide; heating the oxide layer at a temperature and duration sufficient to reflow and densify it; forming contact apertures in the oxide layer for exposing source and drain regions of transistors; and cleaning the wafer in an etchant solution for rounding off sharp edges on the oxide layer prior to contact metallization. In a preferred embodiment, all steps between forming contact apertures and through metallization are formed at a temperature that is lower than the temperature that will cause flow of the oxide layer.

Abstract: A gate-source structure and fabrication method for a static induction transistor having improved gain and frequency characteristics and having relatively simple fabrication requirements. The method and the device are embodied by gate regions diffused into the bottom of parallel recessed grooves located in a high resistivity epitaxial semiconductor layer, the surface of the semiconductor layer having a previously diffused source region located between the recessed grooves. The walls of the recessed grooves are covered with silicon dioxide.

Abstract: This describes a novel bipolar dynamic cell array with increased dielectric node capacitance and a method of making it. In the described cell a PNP transistor drives an NPN transistor so that information is stored at the base node capacitance of the PNP transistor. By using the PNP transistor as a read transistor and the NPN as a write transistor, the cell, when made in integrated form, utilizes the cell isolation capacitance to enhance the stored information without increasing the parasitic capacitances in the cell. This cell isolation capacitance can be enhanced by trenching between each cell in the array, oxidizing the trench walls and backfilling the trench with semiconductor material thereby obtaining greater contrast between 0 and 1 signals. This cell is especially useful in memory arrays.

Abstract: A method for making spirally wound cells using a deformed metal strip mandrel with an electrode being forced therein by a compressing element fixedly retained by the mandrel to hold the electrode during winding. The electrode is electrically connected to the mandrel by the compressing force.

Abstract: An improved pusher blade and wedge magazine assembly for use in a coil inserting machine and cooperative therewith for inserting the wedges into the elongated slots of a dynamoelectric machine core. The assembly provides pusher blades which are interlockingly and slidably engaged with the wedge magazine during all phases of operation of the machine. The wedge is conjointly rotatably by reason of an operative connection therebetween to eliminate torque or other stresses on the pusher blades. The assembly obviates misalignment between the wedge magazine and the pusher blades and thereby damage or destruction of the pusher blade assembly which can result form such misalignment.

Abstract: A device for transferring leadless components from a carrier type to a given mounting position on a circuit board. Removal of the components from the tape is effected by means of a punch and a suction pick-up. The component is pulled along alignment walls of a feeding channel into a slide chamber of a transfer slide. After having received the component, the slide moves to an end position; the component is lifted by a suction tube into an alignment chamber and is then placed on the circuit board. From the instant of transfer from the tape to the instant of mounting on the circuit board, the component is permanently held by suction due to subatmospheric pressure. Even after withdrawal of the suction pick-up, a subatmospheric pressure is maintained in the slide which holds the component during displacement of the slide until the suction tube lifts it again.

Abstract: A machine for automatically assembling equipment composed of parts at least some of which are arranged on a carrier includes a movable table which supports the carrier and which moves in two orthogonal directions in a horizontal plane. A tray is supported on the table and has additional parts or tools arranged thereon for use during assembly. A mounting surface extends above the plane of the movable table and has first and second portions parallel to the two orthogonal directions. At least one working unit is attached to at least one of the portions of the mounting surface for selective engagement with the parts and the tools on the tray upon movements of the movable table in assembling the equipment.

Abstract: Wire insertion apparatus for inserting wires in a flat cable into cavities of an electrical connector comprises a connector jig and a wire locating jig adjacent to the connector jig. The wire locating jig comprises a stack of side-by-side cable spreading and wire locating fingers. The cable, having its wires on closely spaced centers, is located adjacent to the connector and the stack of fingers is moved relatively towards the cable. The free ends of the fingers move relatively between the wires of the cable and spread the wires until they are in alignment with the cavities in the connector. Thereafter, the wires can be pushed into the cavities and inserted into slots in the terminals in the connector.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically producing a wire harness. A plurality of wiring blocks are arranged on a workbench. Each wiring block has a wire clamping section, a wire cutting section, and a terminal press attaching section. The wire cutting section and the terminal press attaching section can be separated from the wire clamping section. This structure makes it possible to automate a series of operations including wire cutting, wire peeling, and terminal attaching operations.

Abstract: A low cost razor for wet shaving having a permanently attached sliding blade cover and a cooperating cover actuating button connected to the cover by a flexible element.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cutting means magazine for a sterile docking device for forming a connection between two thermoplastic tubes comprising a casing, a stack of disposable cutting means therein, and spring means urging the stack against a wall of the casing. The casing has an exit slot for ejection of the uppermost cutting means and a slot for an ejector, the latter slot having upstream and downstream access openings. The upstream access opening (a) has an ejector aligning surface with a rise of at least about 0.25 mm and a slope of up to 45.degree. and (b) being from about 50%-100% of the cutting means thickness. The downstream access opening is from about 10%-80% greater than the cutting means thickness.

Abstract: An improved cutting head for rotary mowers and trimmers for vegetation, having major components that are interchangeable and reversible, comprises a pair of housing members having cylindrical side portions and radially extending portions. The housing members are coaxial and enclose a pair of coaxial flail spools, each spool having at least one flail and preferably a pair of flails, wound thereon. Flail may be extended from both spools to provide four cutting flails or from only one spool to provide two cutting flails. The spools are stressed apart axially toward confronting inner surfaces of the housing members by a compressed spring therebetween, thus to cause ribs on the spools and stop lugs on the inner surfaces of the housing members to cooperate in providing ratchet arrangements to allow portions of flails to be fed through the housing member cylindrical side portion upon release of a manual knob.

Abstract: A pair of pliers is provided for perforating small cards, which pliers have two double-arm levers which can be pivoted about a geometrical transverse axis and whose end zones, which serve for perforating, each have a plane, which planes are parallel to the transverse axis and which, in the closed state of the pliers, are approximately parallel to each other. Vertically positioned in one plane is at least one punching pin, to which there corresponds in the opposite end zone a punched hole which is vertical to the plane of the latter. There are provided two positioning pins in one end zone vertically to the plane thereof, which pins are, measured in one of the two main planes, at a specific center distance from the transverse axis.

Abstract: A cylinder gauge capable of comparing and measuring a diameter of a hole of a workpiece.This cylinder gauge comprising a spindle, a head receiving the bottom portion of the spindle, a measuring element inserted into the head and linearly movable in the radial direction of the spindle, and a guide member slidably provided on the head and abutting the measuring element in a vertical state against a surface to be measured, wherein a first spring for biasing the measuring element outwardly is provided on the side of the spindle and a second spring for biasing the guide member outwardly is provided above the axis of the measuring element, so that the diameter of a shallow hole can be measured.