Abstract: An internal thermal exchanger engine which, in one embodiment, includes an enclosed cylindrical chamber having hot and cold end portions and containing an open ended heat exchanger provided with heat conductive materials such as fine copper wire strands which function in heat exchange relationship with a gas contained within the chamber. In an alternative embodiment, the enclosed chamber is in the form of a semi-cylinder, with the heat exchanger being of a wedge shape construction and being freely rotatable between a hot side of the semi-cylinder and a cold side across the arc of the semi-cylinder.

Abstract: A reciprocating thermal actuator system with hydraulic coupling to hydraulic motion output such as a motor is powered through cooling or alternatively heating of a thermally expansible liquid contained within respective chambers of ring shaped cross section, the heating and cooling provisions being integral with the unit and adaptable for either natural or artificial heating and cooling; details of a thermal switch in two embodiments, and of an electrical system synchronizing the heating are disclosed.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid reservoir for automobile including a plurality of fluid chambers separated by a partition, the fluid chambers being communicated with hydraulic systems in the automobile respectively, and a baffle plate between the upper end of the partition and an inlet at the upper portion of a reservoir body to define openings of the respective fluid chambers at predetermined ratios which define the flow rates of fluid into respective fluid chambers.

Abstract: A master cylinder assembly comprising two separate master cylinders is disclosed. Pressure spaces of the master cylinders are interconnected through outlet passages and a transfer passage, and a transfer valve is housed within each outlet passage. When the master cylinders are inoperative both transfer valves are retained by yieldable spacers in intermediate positions in which a limited flow can take place through both valves in both directions. This prevents hydraulic fluid from being trapped in the transfer passage which otherwise might cause a fracture to occur upon expansion with temperature of the fluid. Each transfer valve comprises a valve member which is engageable with a seating. The yieldable spacers by which the valve members may be held away from the seatings may be the thickness of a film of hydraulic fluid therebetween.

Abstract: A liquid coolant transfer device that has a stationary tube fit within a rotating conduit and a threaded throwback seal on the surface of the rotating element is further provided with a seal and bearing device in the form of a washer affixed to the conduit at the end of the threaded insert and extending across the gap between the rotating and stationary tubes for preventing liquid coolant flow therethrough even during severe flooding caused by faults within the electrical machine with which it is connected.

Abstract: A process for making slush is disclosed including the steps of delivering liquid nitrogen in mid-air from a horizontal spray nozzle, and delivering a liquid to be slushed also in mid-air from a plurality of spray nozzles spaced equidistant from each other and equidistant from the horizontal nozzle delivering the liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: A cooling method and a system therefor to remove sensible heat of a whole room to be cooled installed with a cooler of an absorption refrigerator utilizing a heating medium, and to dehumidify air of the room by utilizing thermal energy of the heating medium for regenerating the dehumidifying function of the dehumidifier. The cooling system includes an absorption refrigerator utilizing a heating medium heated by solar heat, a cooler having a relatively large panel area exposed to a room, a dehumidifier for dehumidifying indoor air by utilizing the thermal energy of the heating medium heated by solar heat, and an outlet element for blowing dehumidified air coming from the dehumidifier to the cooler.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a trouble condition of an air conditioner of an automobile automatically and displaying it as change of air distribution condition is equipped with a trouble detecting circuit for diagnosing the area of a trouble and for outputting a trouble signal therefrom. A drive control means is provided for operating an intake changeover device or a mode changeover device using the trouble signal from the trouble detecting circuit so as to indicate the diagnosed trouble area by controlling the air distribution.

Abstract: On an automotive vehicle having a stick-shift transmission and an air conditioner, the air conditioner is turned off by a switch operated by the gear shift lever when shifting from neutral into first gear. The air conditioner is kept off during the relatively brief interval while the transmission is being shifted through the lower gears. The air conditioner comes on after the transmission has been shifted into high gear.

Abstract: The idle speed of an internal combustion engine is automatically adjusted in cooperation with the variable adjustment of the operating condition of a refrigerant compressor of an automobile air conditioner.

Abstract: A meat keeper compartment includes an adjustable air duct assembly which supplies cold air flow from the evaporator compartment of a top freezer type refrigerator into a meat keeper receptacle slidably mounted on a shelf which may be positioned at different levels or on different sides of the fresh food compartment of the refrigerator. The air duct assembly consists of an air deflector which receives cold air from the freezer through a slot in the partition between the freezer and fresh food compartment, a cold air outlet to deliver cold air into the meat keeper receptacle, an upper air duct having the back wall of the refrigerator form the back wall of the duct, a lower air duct which telescopes with the upper air duct for adjustment of the cold air outlet, and an adjustable air damper for regulation of the amount of cold air flow.

Abstract: Suction accumulator structure and method. The structure comprises an outer cylindrical tank having a top and a bottom, a short tube extending through the top of the tank for passage of gaseous phase change material into the tank, a small diameter elongated tube extending into the tank through the top thereof substantially to the bottom of the tank, a large diameter tube having a substantially closed bottom, and an open top sleeved over the small diameter tube, a hollow coil spirally positioned and in radially spaced relation to the large diameter tube and means for passing a heated, heat transfer medium through the coil. The method of the invention comprises wrapping a coil around the suction tube of a suction accumulator and passing a heated heat transfer medium therethrough whereby liquid phase change material within the suction tube which may be metered into the suction tube is vaporized prior to passage out of the suction accumulator.

Abstract: A miniature, nonevacuated, detector refrigerator assembly for use in infrared imaging systems is described. The assembly incorporates a miniature Joule-Thomson laminar refrigerator which serves as the substrate for the detector subassembly, electrical leads, as well as the primary structural element of the assembly. The detector subassembly is positioned on the cold region of the refrigerator, surrounded by insulating material and capped by an optical window or filter as required. As a result, the detector is cooled while the contact pads used for connection to external devices are at the ambient temperature. A piece of high thermally conductive material may be placed in the vicinity of the detector subassembly so that during operation gases in the chamber surrounding the detector assembly will preferentially condense thereon rather than on the detector subassembly.

Abstract: A ring or article of decorative jewelry is provided that has multiple interchangeable decorative stones. The ring is made with a flexible hinged top piece securing large polished stones against a bezel upstanding from the ring. The stones securely gripped by the flexible spring action of the hinged lid and it is unnecessary that the stones themselves be placed in any form of intermediate mounting.

Abstract: In a V-bed flat knitting machine, a set-up comb having a plurality of teeth which are hook shaped at their upper ends is up and down movably disposed beneath a gap between a pair of needle beds. When the set-up comb is elevated until the tooth ends thereof extend above the gap, the hooks at the tooth ends hook up loops to form a set-up course. If released at this stage, the comb is allowed to lower by its own weight the set-up course end of the fabric being knitted as knitting progresses while giving adequate tension to the fabric. There is provided a knockover plate such that when the set-up comb is lowered to a predetermined position the plate may push the hook-engaged fabric at a portion adjacent the lower end thereof and from the back side of the hooks. If the set-up comb is slightly elevated or the knockover plate is slightly lowered while the fabric is so pushed, then the set-up course is disengaged from the hooks.

Abstract: Whenever a tractor vehicle of the cab-over-engine type is being parked in a wheels-turned condition, the steering column pitman-arm typically resides in temporary horizontal registry with a foot-hold opening of the tractor frontal bumper. For such environment, an anti-theft device comprises three main components including: a J-hook extendable through the foot-hold opening and engageable with the pitman-arm; a vertical abutment-plate surrounding the J-hook longer leg and abutting the bumper while obscuring the foot-hold opening; and a padlock having its shackle passing through the J-hook longer leg frontally of the abutment-plate. These three main components, and including steadying means for the combination, result in the J-hook being drawn tightly forwardly against the pitman-arm toward the bumper whereby attempted thievery is frustrated because the steering is thereby inoperative.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for roll sizing the periphery of cylindrical workpieces to finish and size the workpiece to a close tolerance diameter. The method and apparatus can also be used to prefinish and presize cylindrical workpieces in preparation for subsequent forming of spline teeth or gear teeth and the like on the workpiece periphery.

Abstract: A skew rolling mill for tubes is provided having a stand upright in two parts laterally separable along a vertical parting line, one part being fixed and the other movable horizontally transverse to the pass line of the mill, a pair of driven skew rolls journaled adjacent one another and inclined to the pass line, and a pair of driven guide discs journalled in the stand upright to be disposed in a vertical plane, one above and one below the pass line, the rolls and clamps being removable toward the vertical parting line and tie rods subject to pre-stress by hydraulically movable nuts.

Abstract: A device for feeding material in the form of a coil of wire from a fixture for receiving and rotating said coil of wire through a straightening apparatus and a heating station to a hot and semi-cold metal-working machine in an intermittent manner. The device includes a cold feeding fixture with one or more pair of rollers which act on the cold wire to pull the wire from the coil and through the straightening apparatus and a hot feeding fixture downstream of the heating station with at least one pair of feed rollers which act on the hot wire and urge the hot wire against a stop of the metal-working machine. The device also includes adjustable link means for driving both feeding fixtures in formulant synchronism with the metal-working machine.

Abstract: A mandrel-carrier head for fixed-mandrel continuous rolling mill has a horizontal hook portion engageable with the tail of the mandrel. This portion has a U-section in the direction of the rolling axis. One of the limbs or a part thereof is movable towards and away from the other limb, so as to lock the tail of the mandrel previously positioned between the limbs.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of making a fork for a fork lift vehicle, which fork is formed with an integral head, created by forging the same, into a hooked shape form, the rest of the fork being of generally conventional configuration, the fork further including a mechanism to effect latching of the same in position for use made possible by the method and ultimate form of the fork head and to make positive the positioning and release of the fork for movement into various transverse positions with respect to the vehicle.

Abstract: A machine for straightening an elongated workpiece has a plurality of coacting tools which include first and second sets of tools arranged in alternate series along a fixed longitudinal axis to engage successive longitudinally spaced portions of a workpiece positioned therebetween with its longitudinal center line generally aligned with a longitudinal axis. A cam operated lever system simultaneously reciprocates the tools of the first and second sets in opposite transverse directions relative to the longitudinal axis and each other to alternately displace portions of the center line of the workpiece to one and the opposite side of the longitudinal axis. A mechanism is provided to vary the magnitude of reciprocating lever movement to vary center line displacement between a position of maximum displacement and a position wherein workpiece portions are substantially longitudinally aligned.

Abstract: There is disclosed point-of-use apparatus that is actuated by a pair of socket wrench handles. This device allows one man working in a confined area, such as a cabinet or junction box, to bend tubing, pipe or cable; pull cable or rope or cut soft cable or rope on a job location without the assistance of a co-worker and providing a high degree of accuracy. This device provides apparatus for bending pipe or cable or may be used for pulling cable. This apparatus includes end plates that are spaced a determined distance from each other by means of connecting rods. The rods may also carry bushings for bending cable, pipe, tubing or thin walled conduit to a specific diameter. The second apparatus is designed to cut soft cable, tubing, rope and the like and is also actuated by the same or a like socket wrench handle.

Abstract: A bending tool for bending elongate members. The bending tool includes a support (12a/28) such as a support frame (28) for supporting the elongate member (40) and also includes a bending member (15a/32/34) such as a pusher member (15a) whereby the bending member (15a/32/34 may abut the elongate member (40). When either the bending member (15a/32/34) or support member (12a/28) is moved relative to the other this may cause bending of the elongate member (40). The bending tool also includes actuating members (10a/22a) for causing said relative movement between the support member (12a/28) and the bending member (15a/32/34).

Abstract: A double-blow header particularly suited for producing semitubular rivets is disclosed. The header is provided with three separate adjustments for controlling the position and operation of the extrusion pin, all of which can be adjusted while the machine is operating. A first adjustment determines the rearwardmost position of the extrusion pin and, in turn, adjustably determines the mass of material contained within the shank of the workpiece. A first powered drive adjustably determines the stroke of the extrusion pin during a piercing operation without altering the rearwardmost position thereof. A second powered drive adjustably determines the kickout stroke without altering the final position of kickout. The kickout drive adjustment and the first adjustment are interconnected so that both of them are adjusted in a related manner.

Abstract: A torsional mode rotational vibratory viscometer having an elastic hollow metal sheath extending below a support plate and secured to the plate by a weld. A rigid rod is disposed within the sheath and welded to the lower end of the sheath. An immersible tip is also secured to the lower end of the sheath. The free upper end of the rod extends above the support plate. A crossbar with ends of magnetically permeable material is secured to the free end of the rod and is caused to oscillate by a magnetic drive coil adjacent one end of the crossbar. Prior to mounting of the crossbar, the assembly is subjected to a specific heat treating schedule. A magnetic detector coil adjacent the other end of the crossbar detects the angular oscillation of the rod. Circuitry connected to the coils maintains the amplitude of oscillation of the rod constant. When the tip is immersed in a fluid, the power supplied to the drive coil is determined by the circuit and is a measure of the viscosity-density product of the fluid.

Abstract: An ultrasonic air flowmeter for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle includes at least two ultrasonic transmitter-receivers. One of the ultrasonic transmitter-receivers generates ultrasonic waves toward an upstream of an air flow so that a radiation direction of the ultrasonic waves obliquely intersects a direction of the air flow. On the other hand, the other ultrasonic transmitter-receiver generates ultrasonic waves toward a downstream of the air flow in the same manner. A difference in phase between outputs of the receivers is detected to obtain a rate of the air flow.

Abstract: A cylinder connects a measuring chamber filled with fuel to a gas pressure chamber set at a constant pressure maintained by a gas pressure device. A displacement member in the form of a piston separates the gas pressure chamber from the measuring chamber. A fuel injector is mounted to communicate with the measuring chamber. A displacement sensor is disposed inside the gas pressure chamber and has a contact member of free-dropping type which contacts with the top surface of the displacement member. A displacement signal from the displacement sensor representing the amount of displacement of the displacement member is supplied to an arithmetic operation unit. A control circuit controls the injection operation of the fuel injector, and supplies a command to the arithmetic operation unit to calculate the injection amount from the amount of displacement.

Abstract: A tire inspecting apparatus for automatically detecting the presence of at least one excessive indent or defect on one or both side walls of the tire comprises supply inspection and delivery conveyors arranged in line with each other. The apparatus includes contact detectors adapted to contact the side walls of the tire and to detect the presence of the excessive indent on the side wall of the tire while the tire in an inflated condition is rotated relative to the contact detectors at a position above the inspection conveyor. These contact detectors generate an electrical signal indicative of the presence of the excessive tire.

Abstract: This invention relates to a wind direction indicator spherically rotatable about a liquid supported poly axial magnetic compass. The wind direction indicator determines the wind direction without any pivotal support. The wind direction structure is orientated to the reference center of the compass by means of the transparency of the spherically rotating structure. The displacement of the wind direction indicator base upon the wind responsive rudder and wing structure thereon causes the device to give an accurate direction of the wind that may be used during sailboat racing. The spherically rotatable structure or wind direction indicator is independently movable regardless of the mounting of the device on the sailboat or any other support structure. The frictional contact between the boat support structure and the device is minimized because there is no surface to surface contact between the moving elements.

Abstract: A measuring cup including a transparent open-ended cylinder and a metering piston mounted in the cylinder for longitudinal movement and rotational movement with respect to the cylinder. The piston includes an upper completely cylindrical measuring disc of diameter to contact the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder. The piston also includes a lower interrupted guide disc in sufficient contacting relation to the inner surface of the cylinder to maintain the upper face of the upper disc at right angles to the axis of the cylinder. The piston includes an hourglass-shape spacer integral with both the upper and lower discs to fixedly space the discs from each other.

Abstract: A crash test dummy lower leg structure having a lower leg unit consisting of a tibia member provided with upper and lower tibia sensors. An ankle-foot assembly connected to the lower tibia sensor has a ball and socket connection between the ankle shell and foot member. Means are provided to restrict movement of the ball, to which the foot member is connected, to rotation about three mutually perpendicular axes which intersect at the center of the ball. A knee clevis sensor is connected to the upper tibia sensor and has a pair of spaced parallel members designed to sense and measure force along a line between the knee pivot and the ankle pivot.

Abstract: Improved B-scan images are obtained in an ultrasonic scanner by means of a phase insensitive imaging system. Backscattered signals are detected by a phased array of detector elements. Signals from each detector element are full wave rectified, low pass filtered and are nonlinearly processed by power law compression. The compressed signals are summed and then expanded by an inverse power law function.

Abstract: Analysis manipulator for non-destructive material testing, including a support device having a mounting flange, a precision coordinate-moving mechanism having at least two guide frames each including coordinate drives in the form of straight guides and a drive having a spindle and a nut being movable by the spindle along the straight guides, the guide frames including a first lower guide frame having a mounting flange being mountable to the mounting flange of the support device, a second guide frame being movable by the coordinate drive of the first guide frame in a first given coordinate direction, and a testing head mount being movable by the coordinate drive of the second guide frame in a second given coordinate direction, and a method for the coordinate control of the analysis manipulator.

Abstract: A pressure sensor converts a fluid pressure into electric signals by means of a deformation of a diaphragm. The pressure sensor includes a resistance body means made of an amorphous metal material used as material for a strain gauge. The resistance body means has resistance body elements composing each side of a bridge circuit, thereby obtaining the signal to the pressure by means of an output of the bridge circuit.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for tightening a joint having a threaded joint element. This invention makes it possible to apply a predetermined tightening force to the joint. The process uses the real factor of proportionality (K) between the force for tightening the joint and the screwing torque applied to the threaded element which is determined after a preliminary screwing cycle and unscrewing cycle have been performed. Application is particularly to automation of tightening of prestressed joints.

Abstract: A square-wave current generator with a power supply section, control elements connected in series across the power supply section, an exciting current detecting resistor connected in series with an excitation coil through which an exciting current flows between center terminals of the power supply section and the control elements, a reference signal generator for delivering a square-wave voltage signal varying with a given period and equal amplitudes on both positive and negative sides, and an operational amplifier supplied with the square-wave voltage signal and a voltage drop caused at the detecting resistor by the exciting current to produce an output signal for controlling the control elements, thereby causing an exciting current corresponding to the square-wave voltage signal in period, amplitude and polarity to flow through the excitation coil.

Abstract: The mass flow rate of a fluid, for example a gas or air, for example passing through a duct or the like, is determined by placing a vibrating element in the path or stream of air flow, and measuring the damping thereof due to the air flow; the damping can easily be measured, in accordance with the invention, by connecting the vibrating element in a circuit having a servo system including a controlled variable amplifier and a comparator, such as a proportional-integral (PI) controller (14) comparing the signal on the vibrating element with a reference establishing a vibrating amplitude and, in turn, controlling the amplification of the variable amplification amplifier (8) to maintain a constant amplitude of vibration, the control signal controlling the variable amplification amplifier being a measure of the damping, and hence of mass flow rate.

Abstract: A totalizer of the decade counter type or the like which, when being pulsed, tends to drain a battery, where the battery and totalizer are remotely located. The battery thus needs to have a long life because of its remote location. The same is effected by a circuit including a voltage regulator which holds average power constant, at least from pulse to pulse.

Abstract: A device suitable for controlling a robot operating arm includes a drive link between a driving member and a driven member determines forces and moments acting to resist movement therebetween. The drive link has two parallel plates connected together by three or more bridge members each having an arch configuration in at least one edge. Strain gauges on the bridge members detect mechanical forces and moments acting on the plates. Feedback of the strain gauge signals are used to control vector forces applied by the driving element to the work site of the operating arm.

Abstract: A compensating torque wrench device used for tightening an internally threaded member (e.g., a nut) to an externally threaded member (e.g., a bolt). The internally threaded member is of conventional construction while the externally threaded member includes a free end having a recess. The device includes a working end having first engagement means which engages the internally threaded member and second engagement means comprising a rotatable projection for engaging the recess of the externally threaded member. The device also includes first and second rotational means and a driven end (e.g., a handle), such that the driven end is connected to the first engagement means by the first rotational means and to the second engagement means by the second rotational means.

Abstract: A torque measurement system for measuring shaft torque has two toothed wheels mounted in spaced apart relationship. Each of the wheels has a plurality of axially extending spaced teeth along its periphery extending into spaces between the teeth of the other, forming an interlaced array of teeth having tooth spacing interstices therebetween. A discontinuity is provided in the tooth pattern at at least one location around the periphery of the two wheels to serve as an index marker. A single detector such as a variable relunctance sensor is mounted proximate the wheels to provide output signals representative of circumferential widths of tooth spacing interstices and also representative of the index marker. The widths of the interstices change upon shaft torque deflection, and signals from the sensor are processed to produce a DC signal proportional to torque.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for separately measuring tension of strings, stiffness of frame in both strung and unstrung condition, and point of balance of a tennis racquet.

Abstract: An accelerometer comprising a sheet of silicon configured as an inertia plate separate from a support plate except at a pair of flexure sites spaced along an axis, each flexure site including a pair of flexures mutually offset so that upon acceleration in a direction perpendicular to the inertia plate the flexures partake of compound bending, and stress responsive resistors at said flexures positioned so that upon compound bending the resistors change resistance in the opposite sense.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus for a vehicle comprising a casing, an input shaft, an output shaft parallel to the input shaft having at least four gear trains interposed between the two shafts through respective clutches, at least one of the respective clutches being an in-common clutch used in common to two of the at least four gear trains, and at least one selection mechanism provided separately from the common clutch. The two gear trains are those differentiated in change speed stage one from another by three stages. The two gear trains are arranged so that in the case of power transmission through any selected gear train other than the two gear trains, such one of the two gear trains that has a change speed stage nearer the change speed stage of the selected gear train has been selected by the selection mechanism.

Abstract: A power take-off of an internal combustion engine, typically an Otto-cycle or Diesel engine, for auxiliary machines, such as compressors, pumps, etc., with the input shaft of the auxiliary machine being drivingly connected with the output shaft of the internal combustion engine via gears. To change the step-up/step-down ratio, the shaft center spacing between the input shaft of the auxiliary machine and the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is variable in a manner that the drive pinion is supported in an eccentric bearing bushing which, in turn, is arranged axially displaceably and rotatably in a flanged housing. The eccentric bearing bushing has a flanged part having axial holes to alternatively accept a locating pin.

Abstract: The decoupling device is used for connecting the rods, especially gearshift rods disposed between the transmission and the gearshift lever of a motor vehicle. The incorporation of the device into the gearshift linkage permits to and fro movement of the decoupled gearshift rod and suspends the rigid connection between the gearshift lever and the transmission after the transmission has been shifted into a gear. A form-locking connection between the two gearshift rods is only established at the time of selecting or shifting in and out of a gear. The suspension of the rigid connection between the gearshift lever and the transmission effected by the decoupling device eliminates the problem of gear-jumping.The decoupling device incorporates a displaceable intermediate member adapted to control the decoupling operation, which is disposed between ends of the gearshift rods which are in engagement with one another and are located inside a tubular member.

Abstract: An operator-controlled lever is adapted to actuate a push-pull cable for reciprocating the valve spool of a transmission control. A bracket is detachably mounting on a housing of the transmission control and is threadably mounted on a sheath of the cable. Upon assembly, the cable is first attached to the spool and then the bracket is threaded inwardly against the housing of the transmission control and attached thereto.

Abstract: The device for releasably securing stationarily a finely angularly adjusted shaft in an instrument with respect to the body thereof includes a cylindrical flange formed in the body and rotatably supporting the shaft therein and provided with a plurality of cut-out portions arranged circumferentially spaced from each other, a rotatable clamping ring rotatably fitted around the flange and having in its periphery wedge-shaped recesses the arrangement of which corresponds to that of the cut-out portions, and clamping members each received in the respective cut-out portion and wedge-shaped recess aligned therewith so that each clamping member is interposed between the outer surface of the shaft and the respective recess, thereby permitting the shaft to be releasably secured stationarily with respect to the body by rotating the clamping ring in one direction in which each clamping member is urged against the shaft by the wedge-shaped recess, while the shaft is released to freely rotate when the clamping ring is rot

Abstract: A remote hand knob gear as first of a train of gears for actuating a taumel hinge eccentric constructed as integral plastic support disc and gear adapted for snap on hand knob.