Abstract: A manually operative tool for attaching a coupling element to a concealed slide fastener lacking of one or more coupling elements and hence to be repaired. The tool includes a pair of relatively pivotable first and second members, each having at one end a handle. A lower jaw is secured to the other end of the first member and has at least two first recesses laterally spaced apart from one another by a predetermined distance equal to the element-to-element pitch of a concealed slide fastener to be repaired, each first recess being receptive of a prospective coupling element. An upper jaw is pivotally connected to the other end of the second member and has at its free end a second recess.

Abstract: To apply an electronic component such as an active or passive element of essentially block form with end strips or caps of conductive material to a substrate such as a printed circuit (PC) board, for subsequent soldering of the conductive strips or caps to conductors on the PC board by immersion or wave-soldering of the component and PC board in a solder bath, a controlled amount of adhesive is applied on the surface of the component between the end strips, to leave clearance space between the adhesive material and the end strips, so that the amount of material being applied can be accurately controlled. The adhesive material, preferably, is applied in form of a double-faced, double-sided adhesive strip, possibly with an intermediate foam or similar core so it can compress; the thickness of the core can be matched to the thickness of the end strips or caps.

Abstract: A substrate-lead subassembly (34S), having relatively fragile lead retaining hooks (68) which project from opposite sides of the subassembly outward beyond the edges of an opening (38) in a housing (36) of a housing subassembly (32) in which the hooks are to be received, is partially assembled into the housing in an initial assembling station (80). More specifically, as the housing subassembly (32) is advanced horizontally into the initial assembling station (80) above the substrate-lead subassembly (34S), opposite sides of the housing (36) are released in sequence so that the housing subassembly drops by gravity through a series of controlled tipping and downward vertical movements to receive the lead-retaining hooks (68) on one side of the substrate-lead subassembly (34S) in the housing with outer ends (70) of the hooks in seated interlocking engagement with an inner support ledge (52) of the housing.

Abstract: An improved utility blade for use with the conventional type of utility knife handle and having means near its cutting points for shielding the cutting points and portions of the cutting edges of the blade from the contents of cardboard cartons.

Abstract: This is a cable stripper or tool for removing insulation from cable. The tool has a pair of jaws which are adapted to close on a cable with a cutting blade or tool therein so that when the cable and tool are rotated relative to each other, a cut path will be defined or applied to the cable. The tool has the capability for either square cutting, i.e. a circular cut, or peeling, i.e. a helical cut or both and will automatically apply one cut or the other depending upon its direction of rotation.

Abstract: A tool for cutting the outer jacket of a cable, especially coaxial cable, is disclosed herein. This tool utilizes a main body which supports a downwardly extending knife edge from its underside. A gripping tray which is at least as long as the normal width of four adult fingers and which is adapted to receive a longitudinal section of the cable to be cut is supported by the main body under its depending knife edge for movement between a first lowermost position sufficiently far from the knife edge to place the cable section out of engagement with the latter and a second raised position sufficiently close to the cutting edge for placing the outer jacket of the cable section in cutting engagement with the knife edge. In this way, an individual user can place the tray in its raised position using all four fingers of one hand while pulling the cable longitudinally through the tray with his other hand in order to cause the knife edge to cut its outer jacket in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A nibbling tool for sheet material e.g. metal or plastics material and attachment to a power tool e.g. air or electric drill or air motor is disclosed. The structure of the tool permits a positive and easy change to be effected in respect of the cutting direction e.g. from the axial direction of the tool (for planar sheet) to a lateral direction for corrugated or contoured sheet. This change is effected by releasing a locking member externally of the housing and does not entail stripping down the tool. Likewise provision is made for a simple adjustment to optimize the stroke of the punch relative to the die.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a chain saw guide bar including a main or body part and a front part. The two parts fit together in a tongue-and-groove joint having a V configuration, and the parts are secured together by fasteners such as rivets. A chain guide groove is formed in the periphery of the two parts, and the front part may include a rotatable sprocket for the chain.

Abstract: A retractable tape measure having a casing which contains a coiled tape rule whose free end extends through an opening in the casing and includes means for locking the tape against automatic retraction into the casing. The lock means consists of a locking member mounted in the casing for pivotal movement in a plane generally transverse to the direction of retraction of the tape, with a free end located to engage the tape and hold it against a portion of the casing in a first pivoted position of the lock member and to be spaced from the tape in a second pivoted position. A slide actuator operatively engaged through a cam arrangement is provided for pivoting the lock member between its first and second positions.

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring two oppositely arranged rollerways of a continuous casting plant comprises a measuring body movable through the section between the rollerways. The measuring body has opposite contact surfaces contacting the surface areas of the rollers and formed by elastically deformable spring strips. They are pressable to the surface areas of the rollers by pressure means arranged between them. In order to be able to measure rollerways with which the roller distance of the oppositely located rollers is exactly accurate, yet individual or several roller pairs are arranged offset relative to other roller pairs, at least on one of the spring strips a distance-alteration measuring means is provided, substantially extending in the moving direction of the arrangement.

Abstract: A dial gauge wherein a cam (14) engaged with a spindle (16) and rotatable in accordance with an axial displacement value of the spindle (16) is provided and an indicating mechanism (13, 113) is driven by a rotation of the cam (14) to indicate a measured value. This dial gauge is simplified in construction and easy in assembling without requiring to use high precision-finish parts such as a rack portion, pinion and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a groove measuring gauge. The gauge has a centering headpiece and centering tailpiece for supporting a die or other workpiece mounted upon an arbor. Two guideways are used to position a gauge head near the workpiece containing the groove being measured. The gauge head has a spindle rotatably mounted therein. The spindle includes a measuring arm which extends from an interior cavity in the spindle. The measuring arm is pivotably mounted in the spindle. The exposed end of the measuring arm contacts the inside surfaces of the groove. A micrometer is mounted upon the spindle and connected to the enclosed end of the measuring arm. As the measuring arm pivots the micrometer measures the distance from the spindle axis to the surface of the groove. The spindle is preferably automatically moved to angular positions by a stepping motor. Micrometer readings are taken at each position and the profile of the groove is determined from these measurements.

Abstract: The bracket qualifier device comprises a body and first and second legs carried thereby. The first leg is adapted to be inserted into the magnetic probe receptacle of a combustion engine. The second leg carries a foot which mates with a corresponding shaped portion on the bracket which carries the receptacle.

Abstract: An alignment apparatus for aligning a selected object with respect to a top-dead-center portion of a cylindrical roll includes a support base that is adapted to mount on a peripheral, circumferential surface of the roll and over the top-dead-center portion thereof. A level indicator mechanism mounted on the base indicates the orientation of the base. An outer frame is pivotably mounted on the base to pivot about an outer gimbal axis. An inner frame is pivotably mounted in the outer frame and adapted to rotate about an inner gimbal axis. The inner gimbal axis is oriented substantially perpendicular to the outer gimbal axis. A positioning plate moveably mounts within the inner frame and is adapted to move along a reference plane defined by the inner frame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a measuring device for the three-dimensional checking of a vehicle. The device includes a plumb bob device having a graduated tape spring wound therein. The tape includes an attachment for securing the bob to certain areas of a device frame.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spin drier for silicon wafers and the like including a rotor equipped with at least one holder for a carrier, which is adapted to enclose a silicon wafer or the like therein, and a casing embracing the rotor. The radial distance between the circumferential wall of the casing and the central axis of the rotor gradually increases as the circumferential wall extends all around the rotor in its circumferential direction from a position adjacent to an air exhaust port to the air exhaust port, thereby making an air conduit formed around the rotor gradually wider. The bottom wall of the casing gradually slopes down towards the air exhaust port. Owing to the above construction, the resistance to an air stream through the casing has been reduced, thereby preventing air from flowing back into the rotor after striking the circumferential wall of the casing and thus preventing stains and water on the circumferential wall of the casing from flowing back and sticking on wafers or the like.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spin drier for silicon wafers and the like including a rotor equipped with at least one holder for a carrier, which is adapted to enclose a silicon wafer or the like therein, and a casing embracing the rotor. The spin drier is further provided with a guide member, which is disposed between the lower face of the rotor and the bottom wall of the casing and formed of a plurality of guide blades extending downwardly aslant in the rotating direction of the rotor. Owing to the provision of the guide member, water and dusts are prevented from splashing back onto the wafers or the like from the bottom wall of the casing. Thus, the wafers or the like can be dried faster without deleteriously affecting the washing effect.

Abstract: A process for drying wet particles of an available halogen compound which comprises:a. forming a substantially vertical circulating bed of dried particles of said available halogen compound suspended in a heated gas in a circular annular zone, said zone having an exterior perimeter and an interior perimeter and having contiguous sections comprised of a top, a feed side, a bottom and a dryer side,b. feeding wet particles of said available halogen compound into said circulating bed from the exterior perimeter of said feed side,c. feeding additional heated gas tangentially into said zone from the exterior perimeter of said bottom, the velocity of said heated gas being sufficient to maintain said circulating bed in said zone,d. withdrawing a product portion from said circulating bed from the interior perimeter of said feed side, downstream from said top, ande. recovering said dried particles of available halogen compound from said product portion.

Abstract: A steam granulation technique involves the injection of a jet of steam into a bed of fludized particles to be granulated. The jet of steam is substantially enveloped by a jet of air to inhibit the premature condensation of the steam onto the fluidized particles and/or the condensation of the steam onto neighboring walls of an apparatus employed to fluidize the particles, thereby inhibiting excessive wetting and lumping of the particles during their granulation.

Abstract: A device for the dehydration and drying of solids, especially granulated plastic materials, in the form of a mixture of granulate and water. Water passes through a curved sieve by an air current that flows in the direction in which the water passes through the sieve and also flows along the sieve. The mixture of granulate and water is delivered to the curved sieve through a delivery channel and whirled, by the energy of the air current, over the curved sieve and conveyed to an outlet duct, at the end of the curved sieve. On the curved sieve, an air jet that runs at an angle to the sieve, is directed for the admission of the air current. The mixture of granulate and water that is carried along by the air current, hits the curved sieve at an angle ranging, approximately between 25.degree. to 75.degree. in relation to the curved sieve. In the direction of flow, behind the air jet, is a cover which covers the curved sieve. The cover is adjacent to the rear wall of the air jet, and extends to the outlet passage.

Abstract: Apparatus for roasting small quantities of coffee (typically less than five pounds) includes a roasting chamber with base and cylindrical wall portions in fixed relation to each other. Disposed coaxially within the chamber is a downwardly extending tube that has an outlet orifice spaced from the base surface, and an exhaust outlet is in the upper portion of the chamber. A stream of hot roasting gas flowed downwardly through the central tube at high velocity for impact on the base surface and deflection radially outwardly and then flow upwardly through the exhaust outlet at the top of the chamber produces a toroidal circulation pattern of fluidized coffee beans with rapid and uniform roasting of the green coffee, in a simple and compact arrangement in which roasting parameters (such as fluid temperature and cycle duration) may be easily adjusted depending on the degree of roast desired.

Abstract: A drying apparatus includes a drum rotatably arranged in an outer box and housing therein materials to be dried. An air supply device supplies heated air into the drum, and a heat exchanger cools air discharged from the drum by means of air taken from outside of the outer box to remove moisture from air discharged. The heat exchanger is formed by piling plural plates with plural pairs of first and second closing plates interposed therebetween and is provided with plural first and second passages which are arranged alternately and perpendicularly to each other. The heat exchanger is so arranged that the first passages are slanted inward the outer box by 45 degrees relative to the vertical direction.

Abstract: Vapor condensation mass soldering apparatus (46) is of modular construction and includes a primary vapor zone assembly (50), a secondary vapor zone assembly (52), an ambient air moisture-removal zone assembly (54) and a hood assembly (56) mounted in readily separable, vertically stacked relationship. An article load-unload assembly (48) is secured to the front of the other assemblies (50, 52, 54 and 56). Each of the zone assemblies (50, 52 and 54) also includes respective condenser coil modules (142, 150 and 154) of special construction which can readily be mounted on and removed from their respective assemblies as integral units.

Abstract: A step-in type overshoe composed of a molded plastic material which in its relaxed condition has a plurality of accordion-type pleats formed therein with their fold lines being generally horizontal. The overshoe has a flexible instep area arranged to be deformed upon receiving the toe of a shoe, together with a latching means for releasably compressing the rear end of the accordion-type pleats to permit seating of the shoe within the overshoe whereupon disengagement of the latching means returns the accordion-type pleats to their relaxed state embracing the foot of the wearer.

Abstract: A shoe slipper cover has an inexpensive top plastic shell and a bottom friction pad structure which includes a plurality of relatively thin friction fibrous pads mounted in telescoped and overlapping relationship. A bottom plastic sole member is secured abutting the upper surface of the pads to define a protective inner sole. The edges of the shell and inner sole are sewn to each other and to the pads which project upwardly therebetween. The multiple pads in overlapping relationship form an essentially continuous sole structure with the overlapping portion creating ridges within the sole structure. The sole provides an appropriate support of the shoe on the wet floor while minimizing cost.

Abstract: A laundry ironing system, comprising a pre-drying cylinder and at least one mangle cylinder and trough unit, in which a flowable heat carrier medium in the form of live steam that circulates through the mangle cylinder and trough unit and then through the pre-drying cylinder is depressurized within the pre-drying cylinder to generate flash steam which precipitates on the internal surface of the pre-drying cylinder when condensing, thus heating the pre-drying cylinder. The present invention is also directed to such a method of heating the pre-drying cylinder, by collecting the flowable heat carrier medium in the form of live steam, and directing the medium inside the pre-drying cylinder where the heat carrier medium is depressurized, resulting in the formation of flash steam precipitating on the internal surface of the pre-drying cylinder. The heat carrier medium is then withdrawn from the pre-drying cylinder.

Abstract: Article for forming picture frames and molding and the picture frame and molding made thereby, wherein the picture frame molding includes a fusible strip running the entire length thereof and wherein the abutting sections of molding at the corners of the frame are held together by the abutting fusible strips being fused together at the corners. The frame is preferably wood and the fusible strip is preferably a thermoplastic material that can be fused to itself by for example ultrasonic welding. Also, the dust cover or backing for the picture is fusible to the back of the picture frame sections.

Abstract: The invention relates to spectacular, promotional signs suitable for windows, walls and stretched supports, and comprises flexibly connecting a multiplicity of component parts to form giant, self-contained letters, numbers and other characters that are easily folded to compact size without creasing the parts, and are easily separated to accommodate window dividers during installation. In preferred form, the parts are arranged by color to form giant characters that appear to be three dimensional, said parts being made from paper and connected by tape to provide temporary signs that are economical.

Abstract: A sign having several movable panels with the panels each consisting of parallel strips interleaved with the strips of the other panels. The strips of one panel present a composite display when in view. A panel drive mechanism includes an endless motor driven member from which an arm projects and successively engages panel carried abutments located at points along the path of arm travel for panel positioning. Step-like guideways for the arm include inclined segments which divert the arm to cause the arm to disengage a panel abutment to terminate panel movement. Each sign panel is formed with overlapped strips which upon incorporation into a sign forms rows of interleaved panel strips. The composite display of each panel is presented in succession upon retraction of an overlying panel's strips back into a stored row of strips and again upon drawing of the panel strips to be viewed outwardly from their row positions.

Abstract: An improved firearm. The width of the firearm does not exceed the minimum barrel size which will safely contain the chamber pressure of its designated caliber of ammunition. The firearm is further shaped, contoured and constructed for ready concealment on the person of a law enforcement officer. The side surfaces of the firearm are formed so that the purchase or "frictional forces" between the side surfaces and the body or clothing of a law enforcement officer tend to maintain the firearm in the desired position on the person of the officer. A special trigger-hammer mechanism prevents the gun from discharging if accidentally impacted or dropped and said trigger-hammer mechanism also requires that the hammer-firing pin be poised for firing by pulling the trigger, thus not allowing the firearm to be "cocked", further preventing an accidental discharge if the weapon is jostled while unattended.

Abstract: A device for the trapping of snakes and similar animals having an area of netting to be placed on the ground and releasably secured thereto and shaped such that a plurality of areas of the netting are substantially non-horizontal to the ground. A snake attempting to traverse the area of netting will pass into an interstice of the area of netting until its body size prevents forward motion. The scales of the snake will engage the strands of the netting preventing the snake from retreating from the netting and thus effectively trapping the snake.

Abstract: A reversible door and frame assembly wherein the frame includes generally channel shaped hinge and lock frame members adapted for assembled cooperation with an upper head frame member and a lower sill member. The hinge side frame member carries a hinge plate at its midpoint and symmetrically positioned upper and lower hinge plates. The lock frame member has a dead bolt opening located at its midpoint and has a pair of openings spaced symmetrically from the dead bolt hole and behind which are mounting plates adapted to releasibly support interchangeable striker and cover plates.

Abstract: In a tiltable or pivotal window in which the frame and sash side members that are perpendicular to the axis of rotation have oppositely facing abutment surface sections on either side of the axis area, said abutment surface sections merge smoothly into each other through an abutment surface section formed as a helical surface of about 180.degree.. A continuous weather strip may be provided on one or both of the abutment surfaces. If such strips are provided on both surfaces, they may be magnetic with opposite transverse polarization to improve tightness and minimize sliding contact between the strips in the helical surface area.

Abstract: An edge guard of generally U-shaped cross section for fitting onto an edge comprises an insert having a cross section corresponding to the general U-shaped cross section of the edge guard and non-metallic material encapsulating said insert. The insert is an extrusion, either metal or plastic, and the non-metallic encapsulating material is a plastic, preferably a co-extrusion co-extruded onto the insert. The insert has a sculptured, or fluted, form throughout. Various sculptured forms are disclosed. The non-metallic encapsulating material may be colored as desired to impart a desired color to the edge guard.

Abstract: A base is securable to the work surface of a machine tool. A centering element, projecting from the base, locates and braces one of a pair of opposed centers in a workpiece while the other center is lapped by a lapping tool carried by the rotatable tool holding means of the machine tool. Also carried by the base is a cutting tool for truing and dressing the lapping tool. The cutting tool is held by a tool holder movable along an axis parallel to the conical surface of the lapping tool.

Abstract: An apparatus for abrading workpieces, particularly a semiconductor wafer, includes a spinner plate having acentral support and a finger pocket at one end to rotate the plate about a collar that is affixed to the central part of an abrading plate. The spinner plate carries at its end opposite the finger pocket, a fixture used to support the workpiece for movement along a circular track on the abrading plate. The abrading plate is supported within a tray.

Abstract: Method and device for storing selected points of a nominal contour line plotted on the projection screen of a projection profile grinder for the control of the grinding wheel position when a profile corresponding to the nominal contour line is ground into a workpiece.

Abstract: A drill bit pointer machine includes a laser micrometer for measuring the pilot diameter and transmitting the data to a microprocessor through a digital readout. The microprocessor is programmed to manipulate the data and define the operation of a stepper motor which produces the required motion necessary for adjusting the machine workhead stop for utilization in the subsequently performed semi-automatic grinding cycle.

Abstract: A portable weld grinding apparatus for grinding welds which is powered by the direct current power source which also powers related welding equipment. The apparatus includes a portable housing which contains weld grinding gearing which rotates a shaft extending from the housing and a grinding wheel which is rotatably mounted to the shaft. An electric motor which is powered by direct current provides rotational movement to the grinding gearing and thereby to the grinding wheel. The device further has an electrical connection lug and ground clamp for electrically connecting the device with the direct current power source which powers related welding equipment.

Abstract: A replaceable spindle locking system for a power tool enables an operator to replace a lock member without disassembling the tool. An externally-accessible retaining member, such as a washer, is trapped between a ledge located in a housing recess and a shoulder formed on the lock member, which is normally spring-biased out of engagement with a driven member. The coaction of these elements simultaneously and releasably normally retains both the lock member and the retaining member connected to the housing. When it is desired to replace the lock member, the operator depresses the lock member against the urging of the spring until the lock member is out of retaining engagement with the retaining member. Then the retaining member is slideably moved out of engagement with the lock member, thereby allowing the operator to quickly remove it.

Abstract: An improved oil well drilling rig structure (10) is provided. The drilling rig structure (10) includes a base (32) for placement on the ground at a well site. The base (32) includes first and second ends (32a, 32b). A drill floor (14) supported on a floor box (12) having first and second ends (12a, 12b) is disposed parallel to and adjacent the first end (32a) of the base (32). The floor box (12) is coupled to the base (32) by spaced apart parallel legs (76, 78) each pivotally attached between the upper box (12) and the base (32) for elevating the floor (14) from a low position adjacent to the first end (32a) of the base (32) to an elevated position medially between the ends (32a, 32b) of the base (32) and located above the base (32) by rotation of the legs (76, 78) towards a vertical position. The structure (10) further includes a tensile link (40) having first and second ends (40a, 40b).

Abstract: The lift landing door frame arrangement contains horizontally adjustable lateral caulking or sealing elements arranged at uprights of the door frame and a vertically adjustable top caulking or sealing element associated with the topside of the door frame. To avoid retouching due to the caulking elements at the time of placement of the lift landing door frame arrangement and to avoid the formation of gaps in the door frame after placement, each lateral caulking element comprises a rectangular sheet metal panel of a length which exceeds the height of the door frame. Each lateral caulking element engages with and is fixed to the interior of the related upright. Each lateral caulking element is also guided for simultaneous vertical and horizontal adjustment at a guide plate carried by the related upright. The vertically adjustable top caulking element is constituted by a U-shaped sheet metal strap which is disposed astride the front parts of the door frame and is laterally guided thereat.

Abstract: The specification discloses a spacer for use with first and second wire reinforcing fabrics to space the first and second fabrics one from the other during the manufacture of wire reinforced concrete articles. The spacer includes a spacing member, first and second camming members extending from the spacing member in a generally common direction to cammingly engage the fabrics, and first and second locking portions operatively extending from the first and second camming members, respectively, to aid in positioning and securing the spacer on the fabrics. An assembly incorporating the spacer and a method of using the spacer are also disclosed.

Abstract: A ceiling runner is provided with added strength to its T-bar configuration. The runner is fabricated with a double piece vertical web and two horizontal flanges. The T-bar is strengthened by fastening together the double web structure at the region of the base of the vertical web. The fastening together of the double web structure can be carried out through the use of a hot melt adhesive, a welding, a lancing pattern, etc.

Abstract: Method of making an improved sandwich type insulation wall having internal framework formed by channel bars and transverse members bridging two adjacent channel bars. A plurality of channel bars having lateral wings are erected to form the main skeleton; the spaces between the channel bars are filled with pieces of resilient insulating material of proper size and shape by inserting their edges into the channels of the bars to secure them in place; transverse members are positioned at both sides of the insulating material between and connected to the channel bars; wire panels are mounted to cover the whole area of the wall spaced from the insulating board by the wings and transverse members; and both sides of the structure are grouted with a proper thickness of grouting cement or vermiculite.

Abstract: An energy-conserving roof structure for use in construction of low-slope fs comprising two layers of permeable insulation and a layer of non-permeable insulation sandwiched between a pair of water vapor impermeable layers. The non-permeable insulation layer is placed to provide channels through which water will flow to roof drains. Closeable vents are provided adjacent the roof drains for venting water and water vapor. When the vents are closed the water vapor impermeable layers form a water vapor impermeable envelope around the insulation layers. Auxiliary vents are provided for venting the insulation layers to the ambient atmosphere at locations remote from the roof drains. By opening the vents when low-humidity conditions are present and closing the vents when high-humidity conditions are present moisture in the insulation layer is kept to a minimum, thereby maintaining the insulation layers at their highest thermal efficiency.

Abstract: Accessories for use in installing metal shingles to a roof have convertability and simplicity features. One of the accessories can be used as a starter strip at the edge of the eaves. It can also be used as a gable strip at the end of the gables. This accessory has two flat portions formed transverse to each other with a channel located at the corner between the two sections. At the edge of the eaves, the channel is oriented on top of the decking for receiving the locking flange of a conventional metal shingle. At the edge of the gable, the channel is oriented vertically, next to the fascia board, for receiving a downwardly bent edge of a conventional shingle. The valley base consists of two flat portions with an upwardly facing channel located in the center. The channel receives downwardly turned edges of the adjoining shingles.

Abstract: In a package wrapping machine wherein packages are transported horizontally on a beyond platform to a wrapping station and deposited at the wrapping station by contact or collision of the package with a package stop as the platform travels beynd the stop, improved package handling apparatus is provided for catching trayed commodities upon rebound from the package stop and for urging them toward the stop such that they are correctly positioned for wrapping. The improved apparatus comprises a ramped projection extending upwardly from the rear of the conveying platform with the ramped projection being formed to facilitate passage beneath a package to be wrapped as the platform travels beyond the package stop. Package restraints at the wrapping station retain packages at the correct position on the wrapping station as the ramped projection passes beneath the trayed commodity.

Abstract: Apparatus for filling trays with cigarettes has a magazine which contains a supply of parallel cigarettes and the lower end portion of which extends into the interior of an empty tray so that the lower end portions of several vertical ducts in the lower end portion of the magazine are closely adjacent to the bottom wall of the tray. The tray is lowered continuously or stepwise while the ducts admit vertical streams or rows of cigarettes into the interior of the tray wherein the deposited cigarettes form superimposed layers with the cigarettes of each upper layer staggered relative to the cigarettes of the layer therebelow. This is attributed to the provision of horizontal shafts or horizontal tongues which flank the lower end portions of the ducts and are movable back and forth from neutral positions to effect a desirable distribution of descending cigarettes in the tray.

Abstract: Compositions comprising: (1) an acid-containing highly concentrated calcium salt solution which optionally can also contain magnesium ions and minor amounts of other physiologically acceptable metal ions; and (2) a particulate admixture comprising sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and, optionally, potassium chloride, dextrose and other physiologically acceptable materials which, in aqueous solution, are unreactive to sodium bicarbonate.