Abstract: In pouch packs for tobacco or the like of the "side-folding pouch" type, it is difficult to make a hermetic closure for the orifice of a pocket of the pouch pack, because accumulations of material impeding the provision of a closing seam or the like arise in the edge regions as a result of the construction of the pack. For this reason, the pouch pack is spread out to the full width of the blank in the region of the orifice for the provision of a closing seam, the closing seam is then made and the projecting lengths of material thus formed in the region of a covering tab are folded over inwards against the latter. This results in a pouch pack which is closed in an absolutely leak-proof manner and which has an essentially cuboid shape after completion.

Abstract: An apparatus for wrapping different sizes of paper rolls or rolls of like material into a wrapper by rotating the rolls. The apparatus comprises a support frame encompassing the roll, means for conveying the wrapper on the roll, and at least one flexible guide band which is devised to press on the outer surface of the roll and to comply with the rotating of the roll. In the apparatus according to the invention, the guide band is configured into an endless conveyor with an at least approximately U-shaped form, within which the roll to be wrapped is inserted. An inner loop of the conveyor is configured to pass over four guide rollers mounted on two first lever arms and two second lever arms are capable of being transferred against the outer surface of the roll to be wrapped.

Abstract: The connecting device 5 which links the mowing group 2 to the hitching device 3 comprises a connecting beam 21 and two connecting bars 38 and 39 that are connected respectively to the end of the connecting beam 21 and to the hitching device 3 by means of joints 36, 37, 40, and 41 so as to form with the hitching device 3 and the connecting beam 21 a deformable quadrilateral. The elastically deformable element 45 of the load-reducing mechanism 43 extends at least between two sides of the deformable quadrilateral, so as to create at the level of the connection 22, 23, 25, and 55 between the connecting beam 21 and the mowing group 2 a force directed upwardly.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements to a harvester, particularly a harvester for harvesting herbage, cereals, or other plants.The harvester comprises a cutting device (2) followed by means (6) for channelling the ears toward an elevator conveyor (7) towards processing means more particularly thrashing means.It is characterized by the fact that it further comprises, at the rear of the cutting device (2), at least one means for gathering up the grains and ears left on the ground, which device covers a width substantially equal to the cutting device (2).

Abstract: A bagger for a front mount mower including a bagger support attached to the drive vehicle at a point intermediate the operator's seat and the rear wheel. A pair of bag support rims are releasably attached to the bagger support and a pair of L-shaped bags are suspended on and depend from the respective rims. The L-shaped bags are supported over the mid-portion of the drive vehicle forward of the rear wheel. Each bag is contoured to provide a large capacity to receive clippings while being disposed in close proximity to the top and sides of the drive vehicle.

Abstract: An improved picker bar assembly for a cotton harvester includes a thin cylindrical sleeve which is pressed onto the upper end of the picker bar. The sleeve has an inner diameter which is smaller than the outer diameter of the upper end, a lower portion defining the journal area between the picker bar and the picker drum head, and an upper area which mounts the cam arm. The sleeve increases the shear and bending strength and fatigue life of the upper portion of the picker bar, particularly adjacent the grease hole which communicates lubricant between the hollow interior of the picker bar and the journal area.

Abstract: Apparatus for harvesting mature pyrethrum flowers comprises a mobile chassis movable through a field of growing flowers and having a pair of drums rotatable in opposite directions about vertically spaced axes. Each of the drums has a plurality of longitudinally extending, radially projecting, circumferentially spaced flutes which confront one another momentarily during rotation of the drums. The vertical spacing between the axes of the drum is such that there exists a space between confronting flutes that is too great to sever an immature flower from its stem, but is sufficiently small to sever a mature flower from its stem. An air duct communicating with a fan receives severed flowers and conducts them to a storage bin.

Abstract: A unitized raking implement having pivotably movable frame arms supported by ground engaging wheels is disclosed wherein a four-bar linkage is used to control the orientation of the wheels between an orientation parallel to the direction of travel of the implement and a non-parallel orientation. The rotation of the wheels into a non-parallel orientation permits the frame arms to be pivotally moved relative to the implement frame upon a corresponding movement of the raking implement. The control linkage includes a control link having a hydraulic cylinder operable to affect an extension of the length of the control link and, thereby, to affect a steering of the wheel between parallel and non-parallel orientations. The four-bar linkage permits the wheels to be returned into the parallel orientation whenever the hydraulic cylinder is fully retracted irrespective of the pivoted position of the respective frame arms.

Abstract: A raking mechanism having a frame and a pair of rake baskets movably mounted thereon is disclosed wherein the frame includes a draft member adapted for connection to a prime mover and a pair of arms pivotally connected to the draft member and supported above the ground by respective wheels. The arms carry the respective rake baskets and are pivotally movable in a generally horizontal plane to displace the rake baskets transversely of the draft member. The rake baskets are also movable relative to the respective arms to vary the angle at which the rate baskets engage the crop material lying on the ground to provide a variety of positions of the rake baskets relative to the draft member and, consequently, provide a number of operative positions and operations the raking mechanism can undertake. A method of converting the raking mechanism from a collapsed transport position to an infinitely adjustable operative position is also disclosed.

Abstract: A latching mechanism for a unitized raking implement having a frame and pivotally movable frame arms carrying rake baskets positionable in transport and operating positions is disclosed wherein a spring-loaded locking pin is biased toward engagement with stabilizer bars cooperately engaged with the frame arms to lock the frame arms against pivotal movement. A cable interconecting the hydraulic steering cylinder affects a disengagement of the locking pin from the stabilizer bar when the cylinder is actuated to turn the ground engaging wheels and affect a pivotal movement of the frame arms. A lost motion linkage, including a pair of cantilevered members interconnected by a torsion spring interconnects the cable and the locking pin to permit movement of the cable without affecting movement of the locking pin whenever the locking pin is bound in the stabilizer bar.

Abstract: A haymaking machine having a support frame (1) and several parts (2-4) to which raking wheels (12-15) are connected. Each lateral part (3, 4) of the support frame (1) has a pivoting axis (27) making it possible to change the position of the raking wheel (14, 15) which is fastened to that lateral part (3, 4) when that lateral part (3, 4) is moved around the pivot pin (5, 6) connecting it to the central part (2) of the support frame (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spindle for a spinning frame or a twisting frame by which a tail yarn is formed on a full bobbin and is taken out from the full bobbin at a cop changing operation and is assuredly held on the spindle. In the spindle of the present invention, a band-like yarn-hanging member is arranged on the peripheral face of an intermediate part of a bobbin-attaching portion of the spindle and the band-like yarn-hanging member catches and holds the yarn wound in the form of a loop attached to the spindle at the cop changing operation.

Abstract: This invention involves an expansible band construction which allows a wide latitude in the design of outer decorative shells, thereby permitting the simulation of chain link type bracelets and other popular styles not available before in an expansion band. This is accomplished by constructing the outer links of the band with a smaller width than the width of the inner link. The band in its contracted state will therefore have significant gaps between adjacent outer links.

Abstract: A combined gas and steam turbine power generating station includes: a gas turbine part having a gas turbine and a combustion chamber connected to the gas turbine; a coal gasifier being connected upstream of the gas turbine part and having a raw gas side; a heat exchanger system being connected downstream of the raw gas side of the coal gasifier and including a first high-pressure steam generator, a raw gas/pure gas heat exchanger and a low-pressure steam generator; a gas purifier being connected downstream of the heat exchanger system and having a pure gas line leading to the combustion chamber of the gas turbine part; and a steam turbine power generating station part including a waste heat steam generator facility connected to the gas turbine of the gas turbine part for receiving exhaust gas therefrom, the waste heat steam generator facility including a second high-pressure steam generator, first heating surfaces and a second heating surface connected downstream of the first heating surfaces, the steam turbi

Abstract: In a double air-fuel sensor system including two air-fuel ratio sensors upstream and downstream of a catalyst converter provided in an exhaust gas passage, an actual air-fuel ratio is adjusted in accordance with the outputs of the upstream-side and downstream-side air-fuel ratio sensors including an air-fuel ratio correction amount. Accordingly, only when the change of the intake air density is large, is a learning correction amount calculated so that a means value of the air-fuel ratio correction amount is brought close to a reference value. The actual air-fuel ratio is further adjusted in accordance with the learning correction amount.

Abstract: A safety circuit which is essentially for supplyng hydraulic loads. Briefly stated, this circuit has a control pump which, via a priority valve, supplies hydraulic power to a power steering hydraulic circuit and at least one other load hydraulic circuit on a priority basis where the power steering receives the highest priority. Also provided is a control circuit which limits the intake pressure of the control pump and has a safety valve associated with it which is controlled by the intake vacuum of the control pump. This valve effects a reduction of the pump output when pressure in the suction line from the hydraulic fluid storage container drops below a minimum pressure.

Abstract: In a stirling cycle machine a shell means enclosing the machine body for maintaining a substantially sealed atmosphere about the machine body. A diffuser arranged between the machine body and the outer shell for diffusing a shock wave traveling towards the outer shell as the result of an explosive failure of the machine body.

Abstract: A power conversion system is constructed of a plurality of identical Stirling engine modules paired off in opposed, aligned relation with their respective expansion spaces in juxtaposition. Two engine module pairs are arranged in a common plane and in mutually perpendicular relation to create a module group, with plural such module groups stacked together to provide an expanded, self-balanced system with all the modules sharing a common, centrally located thermal energy source. Each module includes a pair of compression positions operating on a common axis intersecting the displacer cylinder axis at right angles. Heat exchangers, either tubes or heat pipes, are disposed within the expansion space to transfer heat from the source to the working fluid therein, thus providing a more idealized Stirling engine cycle.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system for automotive vehicles with a master brake cylinder and with a hydraulic power booster (1) connected upstream of the master brake cylinder, in which a pressure medium pump (6) drivable by an electric motor (9) is employed for providing auxiliary hydraulic energy. The drive of the pressure medium pump (6) may be switched on by a pressure contact (13) of a pressure accumulator (4), on the one hand, and by a brake pedal contact (11), on the other hand. In the unbraked operation of the automotive vehicle, the pressure medium accumulator is permanently kept on a pressure level sufficient for an initial actuation of the brake. A valve assembly is provided which establishes a hydraulic connection between the outlet of the pressure medium pump (6) and the pressure port of the hydraulic power booster (1).

Abstract: A reverse flow combustion chamber includes an annular chamber enclosed between flame tube wall sections to which cooling air is so supplied from an outer annular channel acted upon with secondary air opposite the main flow direction in the flame tube in such a manner that the cooling air that it is blown out in the opposite flow direction film-like against an adjoining flame tube wall.

Abstract: A low-temperature showcase comprises a heat insulated wall, on the top of which an opening for putting-into or taking-out commodities is formed. The inside of the heat insulated wall is divided into an air passage and a storage chamber thereover by a dividing plate which is installed inside this heat insulated wall in a nearly horizontal fashion. The air passage is formed in a manner that the cross-section thereof is of a U-shape, and the storage chamber is formed surrounded by this air passage. At both ends of the air passage, vent ports are formed at the positions facing each other through the opening of the heat insulated wall inbetween. The air passage is divided into two parts by a fan case corresponding to the respective vent ports and a blast fan which can rotate reversibly is supported by this fan case. In each halved air passage, an evaporator is installed in the vicinity of the vent port, and when one of the evaporators is put in cooling operation, the other evaporator is subjected to defrosting.

Abstract: An air and water cooling system includes an evaporator tank partially filled with water with a vacuum pump maintaining a partial vacuum in the tank. A spray of water is directed from a header into the tank, and the partial vacuum effects an evaporation of some of the sprayed water so as to absorb heat from the main pool of water contained within the tank. This cooled water supply may then be pumped through a cooling coil positioned within a heat exchanger, and a flow of air through the heat exchanger will acquire a desired air cooling effect. The water in the cooling coil is then pumped back to the spray header positioned within the evaporator tank to complete the closed cycle. Since the vacuum pump will result in the removal of evaporated water, a float operated water makeup feed is provided to maintain a constant level of water within the evaporator tank.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a compressor for an air conditioning system of a vehicle. A variable capacity type compressor is disposed to be driven by an engine of the vehicle. The compressor is adapted to vary in capacity with a change in pressure within a crank chamber thereof. A first calculator calculates thermal load on the air conditioning system, and a second calculator calculates the rotational speed of the engine. An upper limit setter sets an upper limit value of suction pressure within the compressor in such a manner that the upper limit value is increased with an increase in the thermal load, and decreased with an increase in the rotational speed of the engine. A capacity controller is responsive to a difference between the set upper limit value of suction pressure and the sensed actual suction pressure for adjusting the pressure within the crank chamber to vary the capacity of the compressor.

Abstract: Apparatus for dehumidifying air is disclosed. The apparatus comprises first and second dehumidifiers, both of which employ a desiccant. Air to be dehumidified is passed through the first dehumdifier, then through the second dehumidifer, and from the second dehumidifier to a space to be conditioned. The desiccants of the two dehumidifiers remove moisture from the air so that it is dehumidified before it reaches the space. The apparatus also includes a first regenerator for the desiccant of the first dehumidifier, and a second regenerator for the desiccant of the second dehumidifier. Air is passed to and through each of the regenerators in contact with the desiccant therein and is then discharged. Heat of sorption is transferred from the two dehumidifiers, and moisture laden desiccant is moved from each of the dehumidifiers to its regenerator; finally, heat is transferred to each of the regenerators, and the heat transferred to the first regenerator includes heat of sorption from the first dehumidifier.

Abstract: A portable refrigeration unit adapted for cold storage of human remains. The unit includes a storage container formed of multiple insulated walls detachably interconnected for rapid assembly and disassembly. A refrigeration unit is connected to the container for maintaining the temperature in the container below indoor ambient temperature.

Abstract: An outdoor heat exchanger section has lower and upper cabinet sections between which a generally horizontal louvered lower section top cover is disposed. The sides of the lower cabinet section are louvered to promote the entry and upward movement of air thereinto and through a heat exchange coil disposed about the inner periphery thereof. Air drawn into the lower cabinet section is discharged though the radially louvered portion of the lower section top cover. The radial top cover louvers are angled so as to partially deflect the upwardly flowing air leaving the lower cabinet section to the horizontal. The top of the upper cabinet section is essentially flat and solid and overlies the lower cabinet section top cover louvers so that neither debris nor the elements can enter the lower cabinet section from above.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating biological specimens at low temperatures for subsequent microscopic examination comprises a container having a specimen treatment chamber disposed in a vessel adapted to contain liquid coolant. The specimen treatment chamber is adapted to receive a specimen to be treated and a specimen treatment medium. Precooling means is provided for precooling the specimen treatment medium before it is introduced to the specimen treatment chamber. The precooling means comprises a reservoir communicating with the specimen treatment chamber, and delivery means for delivering the specimen treatment medium to the reservoir. The reservoir and delivery means are arranged so that specimen treatment medium flowing through the reservoir and delivery means is cooled by the liquid coolant, and so that the specimen treatment medium can flow through the delivery means in countercurrent heat exchange with specimen treatment medium flowing from the reservoir to the specimen treatment chamber.

Abstract: A reliable, cheaply producible connection between two parts of an ornamental ear clip comprises an inserted and a receiving nut, the nut supporting a flexible flange adjacent an interior cavity in the nut in which a hollow shaft is present which is capable of elastic transverse movement and which has an engaging element that which engages a retaining element on the pin. The nut, hollow shaft, and engaging element consist of tough and resilient plastic and the flexible flange is a metallic ring that is attached to the nut.

Abstract: A fabricated brooch of rigid sheet material having the general appearance of a man's necktie and comprising a head portion, a tail portion which is attached to the head portion, and releasable fastening means connected to the head portion for releasably attaching the brooch to the collar of a shirt, blouse or other garmet.

Abstract: A flat-bed knitting machine has been described which is provided with needle sinkers arranged in a knitting cam system of a cam box carriage featuring several cams adjustable by means of stepping motors and having an electronic control unit, which features a storage device for controlling the stepping motors. In order to make the knitting density variable not only in the longitudinal direction, i.e. uniformly as a whole, row by row, but also in the transverse direction across the knitting with knitting machines of this type, the stepping motors are controlled by the storage device, one motor of which, in each case, is associated with a pair of needle sinkers consisting of preceding and trailing needle sinkers during the stroke of the cam box carriage and in synchronism with the individual needles.

Abstract: This invention relates to a stitch-bonding warp knitting machine and a process for operating it. The stitch-bonding warp knitting machine comprises a plurality of knitting needles that pierce a continuously conveyed band of material. The knitting needles are driven by two different reciprocating motions, one of which reciprocates the needles along their longitudinal axis and the other of which swivels said knitting needles about an axis. The invention also includes means for continuously conveying a band of material through a point in the path of said reciprocating knitting needles. The reciprocating action of the needles and the swivelling action about an axis remote from the point that said band of material passes is such that said knitting needles pierce said band of material and at the same time move in a transverse direction in the direction that said band of material is moving and at the same speed of movement all of the time that said needles are penetrating through said band of material.

Abstract: A latch needle for a textile machine. The latch needle has a latch which is displaceable in a longitudinal slot of a needle shank and is pivotally mounted by means of a continuous bearing bore on a one-piece, cylindrical shaft bolt which is inserted into corresponding coaxial bores of needle shank cheeks on either side of the longitudinal slot and is fixed therein so as to be secure against displacement. The length of the shaft bolt is less than the thickness of the needle shank along the pivot axis. The outwardly oriented, free frontal faces of the shaft bolt lie in the depth of the bores of the needle shank cheeks. Fixing elements for the shaft bolt are shaped of the material of the needle shank cheeks in the vicinity of the free frontal faces of the shaft bolt.

Abstract: A clamp attachment for preventing rotation of the wheel of a vehicle, such as an automobile or truck. Designed to be mounted on site, the attachment comprises two hingedly connected members adapted to engage the inner and outer faces of the wheel rim. A swivel bolt extends in both members. One end of the bolt is engageable with a wrench which is used to move the members relative to one another about the hinge axis. The wrench remains in engagement with the end of the swivel bolt when the attachment is in a clamp engagement with the vehicle wheel and serves as part of the locking mechanism.

Abstract: A cylinder lock of the type having twisting tumblers operated by a bitted key having at least one skew-cut bit provided with a side bar which is symmetrical with regard to a radius through a center of the key plug perpendicular to the plane of the key so that the side bar intersects not only slots in the twisting tumblers, but the profile of the key. The key has slots in its side face which extend perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A cylinder lock with a cover that is held open with first and second engaging members during the time that a key is inserted in the lock. The lock further includes a mechanism for disabling the operation of a remote lock release device upon rotation in a predetermined direction of a key in the lock.

Abstract: A novel press load monitoring system for a variable speed press which is capable of automatically adjusting the measured load level of the press so as to compensate for strain in the press frame produced by mechanical vibrations occurring as the speed of the press is varied.

Abstract: A system for forming a surface configuration, such as a neck and a flange, on a can body adjacent an open end thereof using a mandrel having an outer surface comprising generally cylindrical portions on each side of an annular recess which recess has a surface configuration corresponding to the neck and the flange to be formed. A resilient deformable object is located around the mandrel. A portion of a can body is placed between the mandrel and the resilient, deformable object which is then deformed so as to move a portion of the can body into conformation with the surface of the annular recess. At the same time, a force is applied to a portion of the portion of the can body being deformed to resist the movement thereof so that the portion of the can body in which the neck and flange is being formed is stretched and thinned as it is moved into conformation with the surface of the annular recess.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus, and resultant product, for altering the form of material comprising the steps of synchronously driving a plurality of forming wheels, the forming wheels grooved to a radial depth of predetermined amount; spatially aligning the driven wheels in predetermined relationship; and feeding the material to be further formed successively to each of the forming wheels. The radial depth is sufficient to fully entrap the material. The shape of the groove conforms to the shape of the material with minimum clearance to prevent binding and yet to permit exertion of forming forces on the material.

Abstract: A bending device has a slot defined by facing side walls which taper from a reference plane in a direction to widen the slot proportionately with the slot depth to form two opposed facing bending edges. The angle the side walls taper from the reference plane is significant wherein each angle is within a range defined by a minimum value to assure the edges penetrate and sever the tab at its extremities and a maximum value to insure the tab is not completely severed during bending.

Abstract: A doming assembly for doming the bottom wall of a can body. A bodymaker punch urges a can bottom wall first against a forming ring and then against a domer die. The forming ring forms an outer annular portion of a dome and the domer die forms a central portion of a dome in the can bottom wall. The sequential engagement of the can bottom wall by first the forming ring, then the domer die prevents flower dome formation and axial can body shortening.

Abstract: A compression tool head assembly for compressing a metal connector about a conductor. The assembly includes a head section having two, opposing arms moveably connected thereto, each of the arms having a compression point thereon; a rigid column disposed between the opposing arms and having a die mounted therein, the die having a compression point at one end and a mechanism for centering the cylindrical connector over the compression point at approximately a central location between the arms prior to compressing the connector; a hydraulic pump section is connected to the head section and operates to move the head section towards the rigid column; the arms have cammed surfaces which interact with rollers fixed to the rigid column to cause the arms to move towards each other as the head is moved towards the rigid column; as the arms move towards each other the compression points on the arms will compress an article disposed therebetween.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the controlled simulation of respiratory gas exchange as it takes place in mammals, for the primary purpose of calibrating and checking the performance of laboratory and clinical test equipment systems. The method and apparatus can reproduce any range of respiratory performance by pumping and mixing atmospheric air with a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. This invention provides an accurate, economical and rapid apparatus for on-line calibration of analytical respiratory test systems.

Abstract: A process for calibrating a gas metering instrument comprises flushing a test chamber with a flushing gas and subsequently filling it with a calibrating gas having a predetermined composition of carrier substance and carrier gas. The calibrating gas does not have to be carried and made available constantly in its predetermined composition. Thereby a reduction in the volume of the gas metering instrument is obtained. For this purpose, provisions are made so that a feed device introduces a specified amount of calibrating substance from a reservoir into the heat chamber, whereupon the calibrating substance mixes with the flushing gas in the test chamber to form the calibrating gas of predetermined composition. In addition, equipment is described for implementing the process of calibrating a gas metering instrument.

Abstract: By both an apparatus and a method for calibrating spray and nozzle equipment a temporary connection to such equipment is made and the flow of fluid is measured. Connection to the equipment is accomplished manually with an elastic doughnut having a progressively flaired surface and an inner sleeve. Flow is measured by a device which may be hand-held and is connected to the elastic doughnut in a flexible manner. Exiting fluid is directed by a flexible means which may be threadably attached to the apparatus by an ordinary garden hose connection.

Abstract: A spark spectroscopic high-pressure gas analyzer including a spark chamber, having a pair of electrodes, for receiving a sample of the pressurized gas to be analyzed. A voltage is provided across the electrodes for generating a spark in the pressurized gas sample. A selected wavelength band of radiation emitted from the spark discharge in the pressurized gas corresponding to a component to be sensed in the gas is detected. The intensity of the emission in the wavelength band is integrated during the afterglow time interval of the spark emission and a signal representative of the integrated intensity of the emission in the selected narrow wavelength band is employed to determine the proportion of the component in the gas.

Abstract: A humidity detector which is disclosed herein includes a humidity sensing element consisting of a heating resistance wire coil and a humidity sensing portion of a metal oxide or metal oxides sintered on the coil with the opposite ends of the coil being exposed, a heating circuit for energizing the coil to increase the temperature of the humidity sensing portion to a level higher than the temperature in a measuring atmosphere, and a resistance variation detecting circuit for detecting the variation in resistance between the opposite ends of the coil depending upon the humidity contained in the measuring atmosphere. The metal oxide may be Al2O3 or a mixture of Al2O3 with at least one selected from the group consisting of SnO2, ZnO, TiO2 and MgO.

Abstract: A tube plugging device for temporarily plugging a tube having accessible open ends and a method for leak-testing a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger, in which the channel cover is removed from the heat exchanger, while leaving the head cover and shell cover in place, the end of the tube, adjacent the head and shell covers, is plugged by inserting and expanding an elongated plug device having an expandable sealing ring slidably mounted on one end of an elongated rod, a sleeve slidably mounted on the rod to bear against the sealing ring and expand the same and an expanding means threadably mounted on the other end of the rod to bear against the other end of the sleeve and expand the sealing ring, and a fluid under pressure is introduced into the shell-side of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The leakage of hazardous fluid from the pipe sections or from between the pipe sections is monitored by butting concentric pipe section sets which define a cylindrical leakage collection and monitoring means to a special fitting which has a pair of seals and a passage to the collection means therebetween, so that leakage at the pipe intersections is collected and passed to the normal pipe-defined leakage collection and detection apparatus used to monitor pipe section leakage.

Abstract: A high-temperature, high-shear viscometer includes a closed end tube having a chamber. A first inlet to the tube is for introducing pressurized gas therein. A second inlet to the tube is for introducing the liquid into the chamber and removing excess liquid from the chamber. A capillary tube is in communication with the chamber. An outlet for the liquid is in communication with the capillary tube. A timer is provided for measuring the efflux time of the liquid in the capillary tube. The timer is started by a device in communication with the first inlet. The timer is stopped by a device which senses the movement of the pressurized gas. The movement sensor includes a thermistor.

Abstract: An intake air flow sensor comprises a sensor main body and a connection unit main body, the former consisting of a main passage for passing intake air and a bypass passage for bypassing part of the air flowing through the main passage and joining it again to the air of the main passage. An intake air flow meter is disposed in the bypass passage to measure the intake air quantity. The bypass passage has an opening which opens to the main passage. A ring is fitted into the main passage of the sensor main body in such a manner as to close part of the opening of the bypass passage. An insulator is clamped by the ring and the connection unit main body. According to this construction, the area of the opening of the bypass passage to the main passage is not changed due to deformation of an insulator when the insulator is interposed between the sensor main body and the connection main body and they are fixed together by bolts.