Abstract: The system and the method of the present invention tests the homogeneity of a solution utilizing a housing which includes a first chamber for a reference solution and a second chamber for a test solution. The housing also includes a pair of transducers spatially related to the first and second chambers for providing signals in accordance with incident lights. The housing also includes a light source which provides light equally to both chambers in a manner so the light passes through the solutions in both chambers to be incident upon the transducers. Circuitry connected to the transducers provide an output signal related to the quality of the test solution in accordance with the signals provided by the transducers.

Abstract: A cyclic flow distributor having a body member provided with a plurality of n inlet chambers open towards one of the faces of the body member and connected in parallel to an inlet plenum connectable to a common supply line, and an identical plurality of n outlet chambers open towards the face of the body member, each outlet chamber separately connectable to at least one consumer line and being arranged in proximity to, and forming a functional pair with, an inlet chamber. The pair of chambers are separated by a partition.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus comprises means for effectively removing excess moisture from compressed air such as employed, for example, in spray painting applications. The outlet line from an air compressor is connected to the inlet of hollow coil of metal with good heat conductivity, such as copper or aluminum, having an outlet connected to an air manifold. The coil and manifold are both immersed in chilled water, whereby the temperature of the air and its capacity to hold water vapor are significantly lowered to cause the water to be condensed in liquid form and collect at the bottom of the manifold.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a valve actuator which is to be used with a slide exhaust brake system. The valve actuator includes a cylinder casing which is constructed of: a shortened cylinder body having a length substantially equal to the sliding distance of a piston member fitted therein; and a cylindrical wall fixed on the inner side of the bottom wall of the cylinder body such that the cylinder body has its lower end merging around its circumference into the circumference of the upper end of the cylindrical wall. The heat to be transferred from the exhaust brake system to the actuator is effectively reduced by a thermal impulse at the fixing portion between the cylinder body and the cylindrical wall to exert less thermal influences upon the packing of the piston member.

Abstract: A mixer valve has a valve cartridge arranged in interchangeable manner in a valve casing. A fixed control disk and a movable control disk can be moved counter to one another by an operating element in said valve cartridge. The latter has a roughly tubular casing, which is closed on the outside by a cup-shaped sleeve and on the inside by a cartridge bottom. As a result of this construction, the cartridge can be replaced particularly easily.

Abstract: A valve for use with irrigation systems. The valve is fluid pressure actuated and includes a two part movable upper valve body portion which seals about the mouth of a pipe. A pedestal is threadably secured to the pipe and guides the movable valve body. The valve body is biased against the pipe by a spring connected to the pedestal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic valve having a housing (2, 2', 2") in which a housing partition formed with at least one passage (7) therethrough is provided between an inlet bore (3) and an outlet bore (4) aligned therewith, said passage having associated therewith a valve seat for a non-return valve element (9) adapted to close in one flow direction, said housing containing at least one flow channel (11) bypassing said passage for performing at least one further valve function. Known hydraulic valves of this type are either of excessive dimensions transversely of the flow direction and composed of several parts, or are of excessive length in the flow direction.

Abstract: A solenoid valve including two valve members which are operable independently each other, wherein the inlet port and the outlet port may communicate only when both valve members are operated. The solenoid valve further includes annular opening and closing members slidably fitted around the respective first valve bodies of the two valve members and the synchronizing members. The synchronizing members are movable synchronized with each valve member and are coupled to the annular opening and closing member of other valve member.

Abstract: A tube coupling having a socket and a plug, each having a fluid flow passage extending therethrough, and a valve mounted in the flow passage of at least one of the socket and plug for axial movement between a first position for closing the flow passage and a second position for opening the flow passage said valve being normally biased towards the first position by a spring when the socket and plug are disconnected, and moved to the second position when the socket and plug are coupled together, characterized in that at least those portions of the socket and plug which will be exposed to fluid during the use are formed of fluorocarbon resin, the spring being disposed in said flow passage and comprising bellows made of fluorocarbon resin having continuous helically extending pleats.

Abstract: A mixing valve 10 has a cartridge assembly 20 therein which has stationary plate 22 having hot and cold openings 24 and 26 and a movable plate 28 slidably mounted thereupon. The movable plate has a surface 29 abutting plate 22 free from apertures. Valve plate 28 moves translationally between an open and closed position and rotated between a cold and hot position. The valve plate can be rotated through approximately 180 degrees with a tooth 66 of plate 28 leveling the mixing profile at the comfort zone between the hot and cold positions (FIG. 1). The valve plate 28 is controlled by a drive lever that can be either rotated about a vertical axis or moved in a vertical plane.

Abstract: A mixing valve for a faucet includes a faucet body with a chamber that receives a cartridge. The cartridge has an axially movable bottom section which seats a fixed plate. A movable plate is housed in the cartridge above the fixed plate and is connected to a controlling handle to cooperate with the fixed plate so as to regulate water flow in the mixing proportions. The bottom of the cartridge can axially move and is provided with two seals one operated between the cartridge and the faucet body and the other between the cartridge bottom and fixed plate. The total working area within the seal between the cartridge and faucet is larger than the total working area within the seal between the cartridge and fixed plate so that hydraulic pressure working within these areas finds the hydraulic force which biases the cartridge bottom upward to compress it against the fixed plate and the fixed plate against the movable plate.

Abstract: A modified laminar proportional amplifier with feedback for converting the absolute pressure of a pressurized fluid to a differential pressure indicating the pressure of the pressurized fluid relative to a predetermined set-point pressure. The device includes two outlets separated by a splitter, a supply nozzle for directing a jet of the pressurized fluid toward a first of the two outlets at a velocity determined by the absolute pressure and a feedback path for deflecting the jet toward the second outlet such that as the jet increases to a maximum value and then decreases until the differential pressure between the two outlets is equal to zero when the absolute pressure of the pressurized fluid is equal to the predetermined set-point pressure. The feedback path includes an adjustable fluidic resistor and a temperature compensated flow controller for making the device insensitive to temperature.

Abstract: A plurality of pilot operated coolant control valves are mounted in a multiple configurationed manifold positioned to supply coolant to spray nozzles upon activation of adjacent pilot valves within the same manifold via remote power and signal sources.

Abstract: A plurality of pilot valve controlled coolant control valves are mounted in manifolds which in turn are positioned adjacent the work and backup rolls of a rolling mill and used to supply coolant to said rolls in desirable spray patterns covering the surfaces of the rolls. The control valves are operable by fluid pressure of the coolant so as to fail-safe in open position to continue delivering coolant to the rolls to protect the same during an unscheduled interruption.

Abstract: A heat transfer pipe having in an inner surface thereof a plurality of first internal grooves formed in parallel with each other and having a generally rectangular cross sectional shape, and a plurality of second internal grooves formed in parallel with each other and crossing the first internal grooves, the second internal grooves having a cross section which is generally in the shape of an inverted trapezoid, the heat transfer pipe further having the following portions defined by the above first and second internal grooves; tunnel portions formed in the portions where the first internal grooves cross the second internal grooves, the tunnel portions each having a space; discontinuous projecting portions formed at the portions crossing the portions between the first internal grooves, the discontinuous projecting portions being parallel to the second internal grooves and each having a generally triangular cross section; and including opening portions of the first internal grooves formed in the intermittent por

Abstract: A composite pipe is proposed which is comprised of an aluminum pipe and a lead pipe formed in the aluminum pipe in direct contact with the inner wall of the aluminum pipe. The composite pipe is produced by supplying a lead pipe to a continuous aluminum extrusion machine which can extrude while enveloping a long object, to form an aluminum pipe on the outer periphery of the lead pipe. A heat pipe using the composite pipe is also proposed.

Abstract: A woven fabric which has been woven on a needle loom wherein the weft loops are secured by a knitted thread construction, the secured weft loops being located in board of the warp thread defining the opposite edge of the fabric to the edge whereat weft insertion has taken place and the knitted thread construction being woven between warp threads positioned adjacent opposite said edge.

Abstract: A tool for tightening and cutting clamps comprises two handles pivoted to each other of which one is a tightening handle and has at its end a grasping member adapted to grasp the clamp to be cut. The other handle is a cutting handle and has at its end a movable cutter. Elastic element oppose movement of the grasping and cutting handles towards each other. An actuator to apply thrust to the cutter and elastic return element opposes movement of the cutter. The actuator comprises the pivot by which the handles are pivoted to each other and a curved slot in the cutting handle by which the cutting handle is fastened to the pivot and in which the pivot is movable parallel to itself, transversely to the pivot axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming and packaging, within a suitable container for the dispensing thereof, an unstable product produced by intimately mixing at least first and second ingredients, the resulting unstable product remaining stable following the mixing of the ingredients for a relatively short period of time under normal ambient conditions, the method including the steps of providing streams of the ingredients, intimately mixing the ingredients in a filling head, ejecting the mixture from the filling head into a container, and sealing the container prior to the elapse of the relatively short period of time.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a combination workbench and tool chest. The structure includes a working surface supported by a rigid frame. Tool storing means including pegboards, shelves and drawers are mounted on the rigid frame below the surface for the storage of tools, on at least three sides of the frame. A set of removable security panels are mounted in grooves or tracks in the frame to enclose the sides of the frame and the tools. When the panels are in place, they interact with each other so that only one lock is needed to lock all three sides of the bench. When the panels are removed, access to the stored tools is available from fully three sides of the bench. The fourth side of the bench is formed by a lockable door that covers shelves, drawers, etc.

Abstract: A workbench which includes a workpiece supporting panel carried by a trestle. A clamping device rigidly attaches a manually operated machine tool to an underside of the supporting panel. The machine tool may, for example, be a circular saw, a compass saw, or a router. The supporting panel is provided with at least one cutout for accommodating a portion of the tool of the machine tool such as, for example, a saw blade or a cutter. To simplify the mounting of the manually operated machine tool on the underside of the supporting panel, the supporting panel is adapted to be pivoted from an operative position into a mounting position through an angle of 180.degree. with a locking device being provided for both rotational positions. A slot insert of a chippable material can be provided in the cutout to avoid the danger that pieces of hard metal will fly off the blade if the blade shifts sideways while sawing.

Abstract: A tire shoe for replacing or changing the existing tread of a tire, the shoe including sidewalls provided with spaced closures and fasteners, and an inflatable bladder in an annular space between the shoe and the tire for securing the shoe in its position of use.

Abstract: A radial ply pneumatic tire has at least two carcass reinforcing layers, each of which comprises two discontinuous plies. Each discontinuous ply is anchored around a single bead core and extends through a sidewall into the crown portion of the tire where it axially overlaps the tread reinforcing belt structure. The two discontinuous plies of each carcass layer are separated by a circumferentially extending gap, and the gaps in each carcass layer are staggered relative to one another as well as relative to the circumferentially extending grooves of the tire's tread pattern.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel end assembly (10) is adaptable for use with an on-board central tire inflation system. The assembly provides a passage for the routing of air between a central source and the vehicle tire (25). The assembly comprises a stationary spindle (12) and a rotational hub (14) mounted thereon. A collar (34) is mounted on the inboard end of the spindle in interfacing relation with an inboard extension (50) of the hub. An air chamber, defined by the radial spacing of the collar (34) and hub extension (50), communicates air passages in the collar and hub (36, 44). The chamber is fitted with a pair of rotary seals (72, 74) to seal the air passage between the stationary collar (34) and rotating hub (14). The rotary seals (72, 74) each include an integral sealing lip (80) which responds to pressurization of the chamber by biasing into sealed relation with the outer surface of the collar (34).

Abstract: The tread reinforcing belt structure (24) of a pneumatic tire (10) has at least one belt ply (29) of flat steel wire. The belt ply of flat steel wire is stiffened by other components of the tread reinforcing structure such as belt plies of steel cables (28,30). It is especially important that the axially outermost edge portions of the belt ply of flat steel wires be supported by other components of the tread reinforcing belt structure, and that the flat wire have specific cross-sectional dimensions.

Abstract: A reinforcement for the butt splice of the carcass ply of a radial tire, is described as having two sets of polymeric cords or strands which are in cross-hatched relation and which cross adjacent reinforcement cords of the carcass ply at opposite angles A and B of 45.degree.. These strands pantograph in response to radial or circumferential forces exerted against the tire, to resist relative movement between opposing abutting ends of the carcass ply and butt splice.

Abstract: A shade construction for a vehicle window having a generally rectangular window frame comprises a pair of flexible cords running respectively from top to bottom edges of the window frame. Substantial portions of these cords are in parallel, spaced apart condition and located adjacent and parallel to opposite lateral sides of the frame. A shade structure comprises a header and a pleated shade member coupled to the header. The pleated shade member is slideably mounted to the pair of cords generally at opposite sides thereof so as to be expandable and collapsible in accordion-like fashion relative to the cords. Mounting structure is provided for slideably mounting the header to the cords, and for directing the cords through the header and into slideable engagement with the pleated shade member.

Abstract: A folding blind, consisting principally of a fixed top and bottom beam, and also a parallel thereto slidable along cords intermediate beam to which a panel of pleated material is fastened, whereby the intermediate beam is divided into a first and a second intermediate beam, in which the second intermediate beam is slidable along cords parallel to or with the first one, so being able to provide on the one side a composite folding blind which consists of more than one folding blind, linked above one another or on the other side a panel of material to be fitted between the fixed top and bottom beam and the first and second intermediate beam respectively, so producing in effect two folding blinds.

Abstract: A plurality of identical green sand molds are sequentially formed by horizontal compaction on automatic mold making machinery. Each mold has a front and back vertical face with a recess formed in the front face and a plurality of down runners formed in the back face. A mold piece insert is formed of a mixture of green sand and a chemical bonding agent, preferably a resin binder and cold set in a pattern box to form the cavities for the cast articles. The mold piece insert is received flush in the mold front face recess with the cavities opening to the front face. A plurality of molds, with inserts, are adjoined in front-to-back relationship with the down runners overlapping the cavities for feeding the molten pour thereto.

Abstract: A production casting line includes a foam pattern former producing destructible foam patterns for the forming of cast parts. A pattern clusters inventory station is provided immediately adjacent to the process line having a plurality of different preformed foam pattern clusters which are immediately available for introduction and insertion into the production line by interposing of the same into the process line. A substantial number of different patterns are stored. The foam patterns are stable, can be inventoried for long periods and are relatively inexpensive. The versatility with the inventoried patterns increases the operating efficiency and reduce the overall cost of the manufacturing operation. The cast line includes flasks within the pattern clusters and are mounted at a receiving station. Sand is compacted about the foam pattern.

Abstract: A method of making a casting comprising the steps of, at a casting station, feeding molten metal from a primary source of molten metal into a mould cavity through an ingate below the top of the mould cavity, placing the cavity out of feeding relationship with the primary source by changing the orientation of the cavity relative to the direction of gravity to prevent flow of molten metal from the cavity towards the primary source and to permit of flow of metal from a secondary source to the cavity, the cavity being continuously connected to the primary source during said change of orientation, transferring the mould cavity to a cooling station spaced from the casting station and, at the cooling station, permitting molten metal to flow to the cavity from the secondary source while the metal in the cavity solidifies.

Abstract: A sleeve assembled in a casting apparatus through which a molten metal is fed into a die cavity, characterized in that at least part of said sleeve on which the molten metal impinges or flows fast under high pressure is made of cemented carbide consisting essentially of a hardening phase of WC, part of which may be substituted by TaC, NbC, TiC, etc., and 10-20 weight % based on the cemented carbide of a binder phase comprising Co, Ni, Cr, and optionally Mo, a weight ratio of Cr+Mo to the binder phase being 0.1-0.2 and a weight ratio of Mo to Cr being up to 3. This sleeve, when assembled in a die-casting apparatus or a low-pressure casting apparatus, enjoys an extremely long life because of its high resistance to oxidation and washing.

Abstract: There is disclosed a bushing for use in an apparatus for continuously passing a core wire through a crucible holding molten metal to accrete the molten metal on the core wire to form a cast rod. The bushing is connected to the crucible for passing the core wire therethrough into the crucible. The bushing is tubular and has an engaging portion for engaging with the core wire passing therethrough. The engaging portion is made of ceramics material containing a major proportion of at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconia, silicon carbide and silicon nitride.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for continuously casting a high impurity content molten metal in a casting means and the product formed thereby. The method includes the steps of cooling said metal while in said casting means to a temperature resulting in a sound cast bar, extracting the sound cast bar from said casting machine, advancing the sound cast bar to pre-heating means, heating the sound cast bar to a hot-forming temperature, passing the cast bar at a hot-forming temperature from the pre-heating means to a hot-forming means, and hot-forming the cast bar into a wrought product without the cat bar cracking, even when the cast bar has an impurity content of from about 20 to about 200 ppm.

Abstract: Heat exchanger or heat accumulator bodies which are simple to produce. The bodies consist of a stack of extruded hollow chamber panels with plane smooth outer walls and webs that join the outer walls in a single piece. The hollow chamber panels are joined to one another in the stack on the front side by locking connections. The locking connections can be produced with an inserted electrical band heater, by glue seams, or by undercut interlockings. The hollow chamber panels are not joined to one another in the in-between areas or are not everywhere joined in the in-between areas.

Abstract: An electronic thermostat including a stored program of desired temperatures and predetermined maximum and minimum temperatures. The stored program of desired temperatures is selectable as either a program of heating temperatures or a program of cooling temperatures. When in the heating mode controlled by a program of desired heating temperatures, the cooling mode is entered and the air conditioner is energized if the actual temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. The control temperature in this cooling mode has a predetermined relationship to the programmed temperature in the heating mode. Similarly, if the thermostat is in a cooling mode and the actual temperature falls below another predetermined temperature which is lower than the first predetermined temperature, then the thermostat enters the heating mode and energizes the furnace. The control temperature in this case bears a predetermined relationship to the programmed cooling temperature.

Abstract: In a water cooling arrangement for insertable component parts groups in devices of power electronics, the carrier element on which the component parts are arranged is fashioned as a component parts carrier independent of the cooling member. A water-traversed cooling member which is seated essentially apparatus-rigid can be individually brought into thermal interaction with every component parts carrier inserted into the device in the composite of an insert being brought into thermal interaction therewith by the force of resilient elements at heat transmission surfaces precisely mating to one another which are fashioned at component parts carriers and cooling members. With a mechanical device all cooling members can be distanced in common from the apertaining component parts carriers opposite the acting direction of the forces of the resilient elements. A replacement of component parts carriers is thereby enabled without performing manipulations at devices of the cooling water circulation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supplying a heated fluid to a heat consumption circuit, such as an injection mold. The apparatus comprises a heat exchanger, for heating the fluid, a pump for pumping the heated fluid to the heat consumption circuit, a reservoir for storing the fluid, and a degasifier for degasifying the fluid that returns from the heat consumption circuit to the apparatus. The heat exchanger, and the pump comprise one compact integral assembly. In addition, the connection between the degasifier and the reservoir is in the form of a siphon which acts as a thermal barrier to prevent the heat from the heated fluid from heating the fluid in the reservoir. As a result of this arrangement, the total volume of fluid used is much smaller than in prior art devices, thereby substantially decreasing the heat losses from the fluid to the environment.

Abstract: A casing for a shell- and tube-type heat exchanger is produced by deforming two axially spaced portions of a length of tubing to make their integral peripheries either larger than or smaller than the internal periphery of an intermediate portion of the casing which is interposed between the end portions. A tubestack comprising tube elements supported by tubeplates is received within the casing, with the tubeplates being disposed at least partially within the end portions respectively. In the case where the natural bore of the tubing (which forms the internal periphery of the intermediate casing portion) is accurately sized and one of the end portions has a larger internal periphery than said bore, transverse baffles of the tubestack can have external peripheries which are accurately sized to engage the internal periphery of the intermediate casing portion. Otherwise, the baffles can have flexible tires mounted on their peripheries to engage the internal periphery of the intermediate casing portion.

Abstract: A well apparatus connected to a pipe string extending down into a cased borehole for treating a formation comprising a packer assembly for sealing with the casing assembly and an integral crossover/release assembly attached to the packer assembly, and closing a channel between the tubing bore and the lower extremity of the gravel screen before or after treating the formation. Before releasing the screen, a channel exists between the tubing bore and a projecting wash pipe extending below the gravel screen. Releasing the screen closes the lower screen penetrating channel.

Abstract: Our invention concerns a method for treating a well completed in a subterranean petroleum-containing formation which will improve the rate at which steam can be injected into the formation for a steam push-pull or steam drive oil recovery method. This preconditioning process is applied to formations exhibiting very limited steam receptivity because the formation contains high oil viscosity and has high oil saturation and is completely liquid filled. The method involves injecting a mixture of a non-condensable oil-insoluble gas such as nitrogen and an oil soluble gas such as carbon dioxide all in the gaseous phase into the formation at a controlled rate which will avoid permanently fracturing the formation and also avoid the immediate formation of an oil bank due to dissolution of the injected oil soluble gaseous fluid into the oil.

Abstract: A test is provided for evaluating and/or designing an enhanced oil recovery process including CO.sub.2 injection. A modified log-inject-log technique is utilized to determine residual CO.sub.2 saturation and incremental hydrocarbon displacement.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of oil from a subterranean, oil-containing formation by a cyclical steam flood-pressurization and production program. During the first cycle, steam is injected into the formation and oil is recovered until there is steam breakthrough at the production well. Thereafter, a pressurization cycle is initiated by throttling or shutting-in the production well while continuing injection of the steam until the bottomhole injection pressure is greater than the vertical pressure created by the overburden thereby causing the formation to fracture horizontally. After the horizontal fracture is formed, the third cycle or production cycle is initiated in which oil is recovered from the formation from either the production well or the injection well or both until the amount of oil recovered is unfavorable.

Abstract: In displacing oil by injecting CO.sub.2, water and surfactant at high pressure, surfactant loss by adsorption is reduced by including alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate salt in the injected water to increase the pH of the solution at the conditions encountered in the reservoir.

Abstract: A micellar slug for use in the recovery of oil, consisting essentially of a surfactant and an aqueous medium, which may contain an inorganic salt. The surfactant contains, as essential constituents,(a) at least one internal olefin sulfonate having 10 to 26 carbon atoms; and(b) 0.1 to 60 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the internal olefin sulfonate, of at least one ether sulfonate having the general formula:R.sup.1 --O--(R.sup.2 O).sub.m --(R.sup.3 O).sub.n --R.sup.4 --SO.sub.3 X (I)wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl or alkenyl phenyl group having 12 to 26 carbon atoms or an alkyl or alkenyl group having 10 to 24 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents C.sub.2 H.sub.4 or C.sub.3 H.sub.6, R.sup.3 represents C.sub.2 H.sub.4 or C.sub.3 H.sub.6, R.sup.4 represents C.sub.2 H.sub.4, C.sub.3 H.sub.6, or CH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2, n.gtoreq.0, m.gtoreq.0, and n+m=0 to 15, and X represents an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A method of packing a deviated well, particularly an oil, gas or water well. A particle/liquid slurry is injected into the wellbore, the particle density to liquid density ratio of which is no greater than about 2 to 1. The particles have a coating of adhesive on them. The particles are strained out of the slurry in the wellbore, so as to produce a packed mass of the particles adjacent the formation. The packed mass is such as to allow flow of fluids therethrough between the formation and the wellbore, while substantially preventing particulate material from the formation passing therethrough and into the wellbore. The fluid density is preferably about 0.8 to about 1.2 g/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: The sidewall of the zero pressure tire of a combined gauge wheel and slicing disc assembly includes an annular sealing surface in axial engagement with the disc which is not pulled away from the disc by flexing of the tire tread during operation of the agricultural equipment on which the assembly is used.

Abstract: An air-operated reversible percussive action machine comprises a housing (1) accommodating a reciprocating hammer (2). Secured inside the housing (1) is a stepped tube (5). The step of larger diameter of the tube (5) is received by a cavity (4) of the hammer (2) and has a port (12) for distributing air flow and feeding it to the interior of the housing (1). The tube (5) receives a sleeve (14) having a port (15) alternately communicable with the port (12) of the tube (5) in one of its two positions. One end face of the tube (5) has a projection (13) in the form of a sector of a circle, whereas the sleeve (14) is provided with a radial projection (16) so that in turning the sleeve (14) its projection (16) bears on one of the side walls of the projection (13) of the sleeve (5) thus assuming one of the two positions.

Abstract: In order to salvage a slot path on an offshore platform wherein the original conductor pipe has become clogged or otherwise rendered unusable, the original conductor is cut off below mudline, thereby leaving a stub forming a base upon which a suitably oriented deflector trough is attached. A new or replacement conductor is installed along the same slot path until the deflector trough causes the new conductor to follow a deviated path so as to avoid the original conductor. The direction of the deflector trough is selected to avoid existing wells already driven from such structure.

Abstract: A system for controlling the direction of a drill bit in a borehole utilizes both a drill string model and a bit-rock directional interaction model to compare ideal predicted or expected moments with real time measured moments to arrive at correction data necessary to return the bit to its desired path. The magnitude and direction of moments generated near the bit are measured in a downhole equipment sub, containing a microprocessor and memory, so that the real time data can be collected and acted upon without undue delay thereby minimizing drilling time lost due to deviations from the desired path.