Abstract: A punch probing device including at least one punch and a cooperating punch feeler. The feeler is operable to detect both foreign matter on the punch and damage of said punch. The feeler is moved perpendicularly into and out of operative engagement with the punch by means of a linkage parallelogram. Controls for the punch and linkage are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the pretreatment of ductile non-ferrous metal to be deformed in a continuous plastic deforming device (20) in which the surface parts of the metal to be deformed do not substantially form surface parts of the metal after said deformation. Known methods of pretreatment include scaling off of thin surface layers and pickling e.g. in baths and coiling or storing the metal thereafter before feeding to the deforming device. Such methods have disadvantages in view of energy, waste of material and, in many cases, in still having some surface contamination on the metal entering the deforming device. To avoid such disadvantages, the invention proposes to spray the metal with a deoxidation and cleaning agent in one throughgoing operation directly while it is moving to the deforming device and continuously and sychronously therewith. Spraying is done by directing forceful jets of the liquid onto the moving metal surface.

Abstract: A cam shaft made from lobes having irregularly shaped apertures spaced along the longitudinal axis of a hollow tubular shaft. The method of making the cam shaft includes the steps of: inserting a hollow tubular shaft through the apertures of a plurality of the lobes axially and radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The method is characterized by flaring at least a first end of the shaft and backing the exterior of the first flared end to prevent axial radial movement thereof. In addition, a plug means is inserted into fluid sealing engagement with the interior of the first flared end to sandwich the flared end against the backing of the exterior thereof. The hollow shaft is filled with liquid and the opposite ends of the shaft are clamped between the plug means at the first flared end and a fluid sealing means at the opposite end of the hollow shaft. Hydraulic force is then applied to the interior of the shaft to expand the hollow shaft into engagement with the apertures of the lobes.

Abstract: A cross-roll straightener adapted to straighten round metal stock, wire, rods, bars and tubes by rotatingly advancing the stock through a central curved pass such that it is flexed beyond the yield point in a substantially uniform and gradual manner. A three pair roll arrangement provides uniform guidance and flexure while avoiding marking or collapsing of the stock. Also provided is a method for maintaining the stock in the pass line of a cross-roll straightener having a female roll and a male roll of unequal diameters. In addition, positive guidance and considerably more capacity to straighten smaller stock sizes is obtained by providing adjustable outboard roll supports at each end of the basic six-roll straightener, thereby also reducing whipping of the stock.

Abstract: A plurality of roll-journaling insert bodies for the upper rolls and for the lower rolls raisable and lowerable are mounted on and offset form a stand gate by feet insertable in a plurality of supporting members and, on lowering, lock successively against a motion in the direction of the roll axes and jointly are removable from the rolling-mill stand with the rolls in the axial direction. The supporting members are in the form of a plurality of supporting beams provided with a plurality of passages for the continuous unhindered passage of an item to be rolled through the rolling mill. The raising and lowering devices for the roll-journaling insert bodies can be hydraulic cylinders mounted in the supporting bars. The supporting beams are provided with continuously running grooves for the feet of the structural members.

Abstract: An automatic tube bending machine, in which, an electric motor is adapted to drive a speed reduction multiple-pulley system which in turn powers a synchronous intermittent feeding device to feed tube pieces piece by piece into a moulding seat from a storage rack, the same pulley system also actuates a flywheel, and this flywheel drives a gear system that then spins a crank shaft having two symmetrical crank arms, which in turn move two face to face arranged splines, then this two splines drive their respective gears engaged therewith, and these gears in turn actuate two L-shaped outward bending moulds to rotate; at the other end of the same crank shaft, it is provided with a bevel gear; engaged with another bevel gear system so to drive another crank shaft, in such a manner, these two crank shafts rotate synchronously in opposite directions; in the meanwhile the latter crank shaft drives a sliding seat, on which is provided with an inward bending mould, located in the opposite side of the two L-shaped opposit

Abstract: An adjustable ball bar gauge is provided for use in testing the accuracy of the readings obtained in a coordinate measuring machine. Such a machine has a probe that contacts numerous points on an article arranged within its measuring envelope to produce signals that are used, through a computer, to map the shapes or dimensions of surfaces of the article. The ball bar is formed of an elongated shaft, having contact balls mounted upon its opposite ends, that is mounted upon a movable support which allows the bar to be positioned at variable height and vertically and horizontally angled positions. The ball bar support may be placed within the machine measuring envelope and its position, including its angularity, may be repeatedly changed so that the probe may successively contact both balls each time the ball bar position is changed to produce test readings from which the accuracy of the machine may be gauged.

Abstract: In a method for determining the friction torque of a test bearing, wherein one race member of the test bearing is rotated at a constant rotational speed, while the other race member is connected via a measuring head to a spring acting as force pickup which generates a signal for a measurement of the friction torque of the test bearing, in order to simultaneously enable in a simple manner a high time resolution and calibratability of the friction torque, it is proposed that the motion of the system comprising measuring head and force pickup be damped as little as possible, that in order to calibrate the entire test device, the test bearing be replaced by an air bearing, that with this air bearing arrangement a signal proportional to the spring deformation and a signal proportional to the measuring head acceleration be generated, that a composite signal be formed from the two signals and the relationship of these two signals be set so that they cancel each other out, and that in the measurement of the friction

Abstract: A device for the determination of the concentration of substances with paramagnetic properties, particularly oxygen, in substance mixtures comprises a cell assembly and devices to produce a magnetic field as well as to measure changes in the magnetic induction. Great mechanical accuracy and stability in the measuring of a change in the magnetic induction uninfluenced by external disturbing fields or by mechanical changes due to external temperature fluctuations or vibrations with a coil assembly for producing a magnetic field and for measuring the induction signal comprising self-contained coil carriers, which, surrounding a cell assembly and are arranged respectively at a distance from the axis of rotation of the cell assembly.

Abstract: A one-piece, molded sealing element which is installed in a test tee on a drain, vent, waste plumbing system. The sealing element is cup-shaped and fits within the test tee to dam water on the upstream side of the test tee for hydraulic testing of the plumbing system. The sealing element can be broken and removed from the test tee through the lateral opening in the tee following the hydraulic test of the plumbing system.

Abstract: A separable, lightweight and inflatable pipe joint sealing and testing apparatus for large diameter pipes having a multi-membered arched channel support structure having a circular configuration, and having three parallelly disposed channel members extending outward therefrom, and having outer channel members and a centrally disposed testing channel member. A unitary inner sleeve sealing member coextensive with the channel members is provided for covering the channel support structure. The pipe joint sealing and testing apparatus further has a pair of inflatable annular sealing ring members for placement in the outer channel members, a compressed air source means in communication with the pair of inflatable sealing rings, and a compressed fluid ingress and egress structure through the port of the centrally disposed channel member.

Abstract: A rheometer for measuring viscoelasticity with a complex rigidity function comprises a tube for holding the fluid, means for oscillating the tube in the direction of its axis, detector means for detecting the position of the sample of fluid, and an analyzer for relating the movement of the fluid sample to the movement of the drive to derive viscosity characteristics.

Abstract: An improved transducer for transmitting and receiving sonic energy, the transducer having a housing with a cylindrical opening, an acoustic end member closing one end of the opening, and providing an acoustic window, a crystal element having one planar surface in engagement with the acoustic end member rearward face, a thrust producing compression screw threadably received in the cylindrical opening, and a spring between the compression screw and crystal element to maintain a substantially steady force of the crystal element against the acoustic end member rearward face. In one embodiment particularly adapting the transducer for sanitary environments the end member includes an integrally formed reflector portion with provision for fluid to flow freely between the sonic window portion and the reflector portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring gas dissolved in an electrically insulating oil used in an electrical apparatus comprises a sampling device connected to a tank for sampling a portion of the insulating oil from the electrical apparatus, an extracting device connected to the sampling device for extracting a volume of dissolved gas from the portion of the insulating oil in the sampling device, and a measuring device connected to the extracting device for measuring the components of the dissolved gas. All of the volume of dissolved gas is delivered from the extracting device either by pumping the oil from the tank to the extracting device to force the dissolved gas to the measuring device or by using a plate of the extracting device to force the dissolved gas therefrom. All of the volume of dissolved gas measured is exhausted from the measuring device. The portion of the insulating oil remaining in the extracting device is returned to the tank.

Abstract: A machine for testing the uniformity of tires. The machine comprises: a test spindle configured to receive a rim supporting a tire; an index table having a pair of index spindles; indexing means to rotate the index table whereby the index spindles may move a tire between an operator loading station and an index station; a loader robot adapted to move between the test spindle and the index station for transporting therebetween a tire; a roadwheel movable between a retracted position out of contact with a tire and an advanced position in driving contact with a test tire; motor means to rotate the roadwheel while in its advanced position; and transducer means coupled to the test spindle to determine vibrations of the test tire when rotated by the roadwheel as caused by non-uniformities within the tire. Also disclosed is a method for testing tires as with the disclosed machine.

Abstract: This invention comprises an automatic, self-metering tire gauge having an air pressure gauge placed in the air flow path between a tire attachment piece and a filler needle valve. The gauge may remain attached to the tire at all times, including while air is being added to the tire. The gauge may be adjusted to indicate the pressure in the tire continuously whether or not the tire is being filled with air through the filler needle valve.

Abstract: A system for measuring and indicating air tire pressure which is adapted for mounting on the valve stem of a tire. The system, which is entirely self-contained in a housing threaded for fastening to the valve stem, includes a pressure transducer, a signal processing unit connected to the pressure transducer, display means connected to the signal processing unit to display pressure, and a battery to provide electric energy. A plunger is axially mounted within the housing, which when depressed, closes an electric circuit between the battery and the electronic components, and also activates the valve to admit air into the housing from the tire.

Abstract: A method for measuring the net internal volume of test receptacles each containing an unknown but variable volume of a liquid, such as in testing automatic transmissions containing residual amounts of transmission fluid, to determine the exact volume of fluid needed to be added to fill the transmission to the correct level. The method places a pressurized reference vessel in communication with the internal spaces of a sealed transmission upon opening of a valve allowing the pressure to fall by expansion from the reference vessel into the transmission. The resulting reduced pressure is initially sensed shortly after the valve is opened, and subsequently after a more prolonged interval, allowing the pressure to be substantially stabilized. The receptacle net internal volume is then determined from the relationship between the preliminary pressure in the reference vessel and the stabilized final pressure by application of Boyle's law, and the volume of liquid to be added calculated therefrom.

Abstract: The invention comprises a pressure actuated switch which is actuated when the inlet port of the device is exposed to a preselected pressure. A piston size, and one or more shear pins, is selected for the desired operating pressure, the piston area being inversely proportional to the desired operating pressure. Shear pins are preferably of one size and material. When the desired operating pressure is applied, the force of the piston causes the shear pin to shear thereby allowing an electrical contact to complete an electrical circuit and initiate operation of a selected device such as a recorder, perforating gun, etc. If a single shear pin is used, with any selected piston and desired operating pressure, the shear force applied is a constant; i.e., for any given operating pressure and selected piston size with a single shear pin, the applied shear force is the same. If two shear pins are required, the applied shear force is doubled.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for recovery of data in an oil or gas well having a well bore (20a) for passing fluid (54), transversely across a side (29a-29b) of the well bore, at a down hole location (29a-29b ) of the well bore and longitudinally in the well bore, between a geological formation (44) located at the down hole location and a top portion (22) of the well bore. A sensor (30) senses, substantially at the down hole location, a parameter of the fluid. A transmitter (28) transmits into the well bore, data signals which represent the sensed parameter. A receiver (34) and a flexible line (36) are lowered in the well bore separate from the sensor and transmitter, while the receiver is suspended from the flexible line. The data signals from the transmitter are received with the receiver. Data signals, which represent the parameter, which is represented by the received data signals, are passed over the flexible line to the top portion of the well bore.

Abstract: A fixture is provided for testing thin sheet metal specimens to evaluate hot-cracking sensitivity for determining metal weldability on a heat-to-heat basis or through varying welding parameters. A test specimen is stressed in a first direction with a load selectively adjustable over a wide range and then a weldment is passed along over the specimen in a direction transverse to the direction of strain to evaluate the hot-cracking characteristics of the sheet metal which are indicative of the weldability of the metal. The fixture provides evaluations of hot-cracking sensitivity for determining metal weldability in a highly reproducible manner with minimum human error.

Abstract: A hand held testing surface and scale card may be used in conjunction with a radiation detector to obtain an indication of relative humidity. The scale card is provided with two sections. One section is of absorbent relatively thin material; the second section is of non-absorbent material. The absorbent section is wetted by the user just prior to detection and cooled by evaporation. A radiation detector is then able to sense a wet bulb temperature from the wetted and cooled absorbent section. The section of non-absorbent material is kept dry. From this dry section, the radiation detector senses a dry bulb temperature. Using the sensed wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures, the user calculates the relative humidity and dew point temperature from the scales provided on the card.

Abstract: A mobile device for testing an axle-mounted roller bearing of a railcar to determine possible defects in the bearing. A movable base plate has an electric motor, a drive roller, a driven roller, and a plurality of leveling jacks mounted thereon. The motor actuates the driver roller and the leveling jacks raise the base plate to move the drive roller and driven roller into contacting engagement with the outer race of the roller bearing. The outer race of the bearing is rotated by the drive roller at a predetermined rate. Shock pulses of energy also known as an acoustic emission, are emitted by defects in the bearing. A probe which senses such emissions is connected by a cable to a monitoring instrument. The probe is placed on a test point having direct metallic contact with the bearing, whereby the monitoring instrument will measure the type and magnitude of shock pulses, if any, emanating from the bearing. These readings are used to determine the type and extent of possible defects present in the bearing.

Abstract: An automatic underwater acoustic impedance measuring apparatus is instrumented with transducers whose outputs are led to a computer for the automatic measurement of acoustic impedance. One hydrophone is positioned so that it senses the incident and reflected signals to compute reflection factor. A second hydrophone is positioned at the face of the sample material so that it senses the incident and reflected waves from which it is possible to compute the phase angle. Acoustic impedance is obtained from the phase angle and reflection factor, computed and printed out in real time and automatically swept through a frequency range of interest.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the quantity of bubbles in a gas/liquid mixture. An ultrasonic wave is launched into the mixture and the magnitudes of two reflected waves are measured and compared. The logarithm of the magnitudes of the reflected waves is a measure of the quantity of gas content. The method and apparatus are suitable for measuring gas bubble content repetitively in a mixture turbulently flowing through a conduit.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to an ultrasonic wheel probe for rolling along a workpiece to be tested for flaws, having a plurality of ultrasonic acoustic transducers and an acoustic barrier that rest in a coupling fluid. The instant invention comprises an improved means for detecting the distance between the transducer array and the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A tubular metal sleeve having two annular welding end collars and a flexible intermediate sleeve portion between the collars is mounted in a bore of a housing. The sleeve permits passage of high temperature pressurized fluids impervious to the sleeve. The sleeve forms part of a gauge for detecting the pressure of the fluid. A spacer may be mounted in a space formed between the sleeve and the housing to reduce the quantity of pressure-transmitting liquid required to fill the space.

Abstract: The device concerns a method for detecting the position of at least one point of the crack front within a part (4) subjected to fatique stresses or to a ductile rupture. An ultrasonic beam is used focused in the plane P of the crack growth; the axis of this beam forms an angle comprised between 50.degree. and 80.degree. with P. The beam is displaced until the echo passes through a maximum, in which case the focusing is situated at the tip of the crack in the plane of displacement. The invention also concerns a device for the implementation of the method.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for static fatigue testing of ceramic material is described wherein a thin plate of ceramic material is supported at opposite ends thereof in a liquid sodium bath inside an enclosure containing a gaseous atmosphere inert to reaction with liquid sodium, the ceramic plate and sodium bath are controllably heated to preselected temperature, known loads are applied to the ceramic plate through a loading head having a pair of contact points on the ceramic plate intermediate its opposite ends within the sodium bath, and displacements of the loading head at corresponding loads are measured to generate output signals characteristic of loads on the ceramic plate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring mass flow rate which utilizes a pair of parallel conduits having fixed ends. A driving mechanism is connected between the conduits near their mid-point for applying transverse oscillations to the conduits at a selected frequency. The fluid whose mass flow rate is to be measured is divided roughly equally and supplied through the parallel conduits. A motion sensor upstream of the driving mechanism and another one downstream of the driving mechanism produce signals which have the same frequency as the driving frequency but which lead or lag the driving frequency with regard to phase. This difference in phase is a measurement of mass flow rate. The apparatus can be constructed to self compensate for changes in temperature and/or thermal gradients.

Abstract: A force-torque sensor is provided for measuring all six possible force and orque components in the Cartesian coordinate system by means of wire strain gauges. The sensor has two identically designed integral spoke wheels each consisting of a rigid cylindrical outer ring and a central hub interconnected by four spokes. Proximate to the hubs of the two spoke wheels, such hubs being rigidly and solidly connected with each other, wire strain gauges are mounted in pairs on opposed spoke surfaces perpendicular to the central axis, as well as on the opposed surfaces of one diagonal pair of spokes of one of the two spoke wheels, the latter surfaces extending perpendicular to the former.

Abstract: A torque transducer which is constructed so as to be protected from an overload includes a measuring axle which extends through a housing and a take-up axle which also extends through the housing in parallel with the measuring axle. The portion of the measuring axle within the housing includes two spaced apart gear wheels which are respectively engaged with backlash with gear wheels on the take-up axle, the gear wheels on the measuring axle being larger in diameter than the gear wheels on the take-up axle. When the measuring axle is subjected to excessive torque, such that the portion thereof within the housing twists sufficiently, the gear wheels on the measuring axle will engage with the gear wheels on the take-up axle to transfer the excessive torque to the take-up axle.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for deriving a calibrated deformation signal from a signal produced by a strain gauge bridge on a rotating shaft involves further strain gauge bridges, one approximating the deformation bridge signal in the absence of torque and another approximating the deformation bridge signal in the presence of a known torque. The signals are all processed by the same entities and the calibrated signal is derived from a straight line plot determined by determined by the latter two signals. In addition, an axial loading of the shaft is detected by a further strain gauge. Control of power input and of power consumed is from the calibrated deformation signal and the axial loading signal.

Abstract: A pressure sensing device utilizing force transducer ink comprises a resistive region deposited between a first and a second conducting region on a first insulating material, the resistive region electrically coupling the two conducting regions. On a second insulating material, a conducting region is deposited and a layer of force transducer ink is deposited over the conducting region. The two insulating materials are positioned in such a manner that the pressure transducer ink is in contact with the resistive region and separates the resistive and coupled conducting regions from the conducting region. A determination of the force applied to this configuration can be made by measuring the resistance between the first and second conducting regions. According to a second embodiment, a second resistive region and coupled conducting regions replace the conducting region on the second insulating material.

Abstract: A dashpot piston mounted in a closed chamber is coupled by an axially movable shaft to a pipette piston to regulate return movement of the pipette piston within a pipette cylinder to draw fluid into the cylinder. The dashpot shaft is movable within limits relative to the dashpot piston to accommodate a blow-out of residual fluid from the pipette by the shaft driving the pipette piston beyond a home position to blow residual fluid from the pipette cylinder. An air inlet port in the bottom of the chamber allows air to be drawn into the chamber with upward movement of the dashpot piston while a valve adjacent to the air inlet port opens in response to downward movement of the dashpot piston to exit air from the chamber. Control of the relative sizes of the air inlet port and valve outlet regulates the relative rates of upward and downward piston movement in the cylinder.

Abstract: An improved furnace tube, for use in a thermobalance, including an inner tube secured to an outer tube, said outer tube including (1) an inlet in communication with a coiled passageway which terminates in a diffuser, and (2) an outlet; said inner tube including passageways through an end thereof for accommodating both a beam and thermocouple means; and coupling means for joining together said inner and outer tubes as well as linking said tubes, collectively to a balance housing.

Abstract: A process is described for protecting electrochemical sensors and the like from biofouling--the microbial colonization of sensor surfaces--in an aquatic environment. The process comprises creating an antibiofoulant gas atmosphere for the sensors between measurement operations. An apparatus is described which allows the practice of the process in a long-deployment, underwater monitoring system.

Abstract: A reverse drive for small vehicles in which an output shaft of a starter motor disposed independently of a driving internal combustion engine can be coupled to a power transmission system between the internal combustion engine and a rear wheel in such a way that the rear wheel is driven in the reverse direction. The starter motor may be capable of normal and reverse rotations, the normal rotation of the starter motor being transmitted to the internal combustion engine through a starting clutch, and the reverse rotation of said starter motor being transmitted to the power transmission system through a reverse clutch. Otherwise, the starter motor may be capable of rotating only in one direction. In this case, the output of the starter motor is transmitted to the output side of the power transmission system through a reverse transmission line while the power transmission system is interrupted.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an apparatus for converting rotational movement into linear movement. The apparatus includes a roller unit and a rotatable screw. The roller unit is adapted to be journaled on a fixed body, and has peripheral flanges axially spaced so as to have a substantially constant pitch. The screw is adapted to be journaled on a movable body in parallel with the roller unit, and to be rotatably driven. The screw includes an outer thread having a pitch for engagement with the flanges, and rotation of the screw causes the movable body to travel along the roller unit.

Abstract: A device is provided for mechanically coupling two parallel shafts together allowing rotation thereof in a 2/1 ratio in an angular sector defined, by producing a very rigid connection without lost motion, with a minimum of parasite torque and insensitive to environmental vibrations. It includes a first piece mounted on a shaft and having two guide elements and a second piece mounted on a shaft having two arms provided with flat surfaces on which the guide elements move. The center of these latter, as well as the axis of rotation of the second shaft, are on a circle centered on the axis of rotation of the first shaft. Preferably, one of the pieces is made in two parts, one being integral with the associated shaft and the other freely mounted on this shaft, and a return spring holds said guide elements against the flat surfaces, these elements being formed by ball bearings.

Abstract: A motion transmitting remote control assembly (10) of the type for transmitting forces along a curved path by a motion transmitting core element (30) including a support fitting (24) having first and second ends and an opening (14) extending therethrough defining a first axis for guiding a core element (30) through a substantially U-shaped seat (16) in a support structure (18). A core element (30) is movably supported by the support fitting (24) for transmitting motion between the ends thereof. The assembly is characterized by including a projection finger (38) spaced laterally from the first axis defined by the opening (14) for gripping engagement with the support structure (18) and preventing the end support fitting (24) from moving laterally out of the U-shaped seat (16). Axial deflection of the finger (38) is limited by a stop member (47).

Abstract: The inboard end of a side yoke for a vehicle differential which is subject to wear by knocking against the pinion shaft in a differential case is provided with a heat treated hardened steel wear button to prevent such wear. In reconditioning a worn side yoke, the worn end of the yoke is removed by grinding and then formed with a blind bore to receive the shank of the wear button. The wear button is press fitted into the blind bore.

Abstract: A transmission for a working vehicle comprising a front frame and a rear frame interconnected to be pivotable relative to each other on a substantially vertical axis. The transmission is mounted together with an engine on the rear frame. A casing housing the transmission includes an upper case housing a change speed portion of the transmission and a lower case housing an output portion of the transmission. The upper case supports an input shaft operatively connected to the engine and surrounded by a planetary change speed gear assembly constituting the change speed portion. The planetary change speed gear assembly has an input gear mounted on a front portion of the input shaft and an output gear mounted on a rear portion of the input shaft. The lower case supports an output shaft operatively connected to the output gear. The output shaft includes a coupling device at a forward end thereof for connection to a propeller shaft for driving front wheels.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are two embodiments of transmissions. In a first embodiment, a transmission is provided in which the input shaft and output shafts are mounted for rotation with respect to each other on a common shaft, and power is transmitted from the input shaft to the output shaft utilizing the gear on the output shaft meshed with an idler gear, the idler gear being coupled to the input shaft through a wobble plate mounted on the input shaft and the connecting rod coupled between the wobble plate and the idler gear. In one aspect of this embodiment, a plurality of idler gears are meshed with the gear on the output shaft and each of the idler gears is coupled to the wobble plate through a connecting rod and a one-way gear or brake.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system comprises a control valve with a solenoid valve operatively connected thereto to modulate the characteristic of hydraulic fluid pressure supplied to a friction element that is to be engaged during a shift in speed ratio. The current supplied to the solenoid is varied in ON/OFF manner in accordance with a duty factor computed by a control unit. The control unit includes a memory storing a map containing various duty factors corresponding to various kinds of shifts and determines an adequate duty factor for a shift which is to take place in the transmission. The characteristic of the hydraulic fluid pressure is modulated during a time period variable with vehicle speed and engine torque which are measured by sensors associated with the control unit.

Abstract: A simple tubeless tire patcher, especially a tool comprising a T-handle and an awl with a notch to press a stick of patch into a hole in the tire to be a good patch, characterized by having two parallel flat surfaces on two opposite sides of the awl for accommodating a stick of colloid nylon patch so that it can be brought into the hole in the tire by the awl after it is turned by the hand with the flat surfaces and the top of the base proping aside the ends of the stick patch it will be left in hole after the awl is pulled out and become a good patch.

Abstract: A shingle stripping tool featuring a frame with a powerhead attached to the lower end of the frame with a handle attached to the upper end of the frame. The power head includes a fulcrum which is integral with the frame and a lift plate mounted for articulating movement about a pivot axis located on the frame. A pneumatically powered drive pivots the lift plate. The pneumatic drive is activated by a switch.

Abstract: A screwdriver is provided which engages the head of the screw, and also grips the screw. The screwdriving and gripping assemblage may be readily interchanged with another in the handle of the screwdriver. Opening and closing of gripping jaws is effective by the sliding of an outer sleeve which surrounds another sleeve of which the gripping jaws form a part, and which other sleeve is slidable on the shaft of the screwdriver. The handle comprises a front part and a rear part which are rotatably connected together for rotation of the forward part and of the screwdriver shaft, while the rear part is held fixed.

Abstract: A machine tool for successively machining opposite ends of short-length workpieces has a hollow spindle. A chuck having a hollow inside is provided on at least one end of the hollow spindle. The hollow space of the spindle and chuck provides a smooth and continuous guide surface for easy and successive transfer of the workpieces therethrough.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing two successive work operations on a workpiece in an equalized force mode. The apparatus includes a base; a yoke mounted for bi-directional movement on the base and carrying a two-sided punch on its upper face; a ram member mounted within the yoke and including two bores opening in opposite faces of the ram member and slidably receiving two pistons secured to the opposite end walls of the yoke; and means for delivering pressurized fluid through the pistons to sealed pressure chambers defined at the inner ends of the pistons between the piston inner ends and the respective confronting faces of the ram to selectively move a pair of die members carried on the upper face of the ram into and out of punching coacting with the double punch carried on the yoke.