Abstract: A pinless releasable hinge assembly has complementary curved mating surfaces on first and second members, one of the members being hingedly swingable along a generally arcuate path relative to the other member which remains stationary from a closed configuration through a plurality of open configurations defined along said arcuate path; at a limiting release configuration in the arcuate path the swingable member is releasably removable but is captive until the limiting release configuration is reached; a resilient gasket associated with one of the members resiliently, sealingly engages an abutment surface on the other member, in the closed configuration; the hinge assembly can be employed for ready release of a door mounted on one of the members, from an opening, at which the other member is mounted; the gasket forms a tight seal which does not interfere with the operation of the hinge or ready release feature.

Abstract: An improved link separator guide for use with a link separator to aid in the alignment and successive positioning of linked material at a severing station, at the joining segment of the linked material, the improved guide having an arcuate channel substantially conforming to a portion of the circumference of the linked material, the guide having recess semicircular indents for the drive rollers of the link separator to cooperate with the arcuate channel in order to partially encapsulate a portion of the circumference of the linked material in order to position the linked material at the severing station.

Abstract: A process and system of immersion poultry scalding employs counterflow recirculation of scald liquid in a counterdirection to that of the travel of the poultry through the immersion tank. The liquid removed from the tank is filtered and cleaned, sanitized as it is superheated and heats make-up water added to the system to scald temperature before it is returned to the immersion tank. A head trough may be provided for immersing the heads only of the poultry before entering the main part of the immersion tank, and a head trough heat exchanger is provided in the system for heating up the potable make-up water before being supplied to the head trough.

Abstract: A material and method for processing meat in production in which the meat, both carcass and head, which can proceed on different production lines, is rinsed and treated with acetic acid after hide removal. The water and acid are maintained at a temperature of between 80 and 150 degrees fahrenheit. The acid is in a water based solution at concentrations ranging from 0.25 per cent to 2.00 per cent. After evisceration for the carcass and removal of waste from the head, the head and carcass are rinsed and treated with acetic acid again before being sent to cold storage from which they are released later for further processing. The first rinsing step is commenced within one hour of the time the hide is removed from the animal.

Abstract: A carder for manufacturing non-woven materials from fibrous material which includes at least one draw-in roller, and a licker-in roller following the draw-in roller and rotating in the same direction. There are at least two worker rollers of the same diameter following the licker-in roller, the two worker rollers rotating in the same direction and at a greater speed than the licker-in roller. At least one doffing cylinder cooperates with the last of the worker rollers. Further worker rollers follow the two worker rollers, with the various worker rollers being separated by transfer regions between adjacent rollers. The relative speeds and the spacings between adjacent rollers are adjustable to control the proportion of fibrous material that can be returned to previous worker rollers or sent to succeeding worker rollers. An air-guiding box projects into at least one of the transfer regions, the box being adjustable in height and width.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for automatically changing drums which are to receive wicks which are delivered by textile machines. The apparatus includes a translationally movable table. A means for gripping and pulling a wick in a second opposite direction and a means for gripping and severing a pulled wick are provided. At least a portion of both of these means are carried on the table. Positioned thusly, when the table moves in a first direction, that is opposite to the second direction. The table passes under a feeding head that distributes the wick, such that the wick is received on the table and on both of these means. In second position, the one means grips the wick and pulls it in the second opposite direction. Simultaneously, the other means grips and severs the pulled wick. The one means then advances and guides the wick into a drum being filled by the feeding head. Means is also provided for moving the drums in the first direction concomitantly with the movement of the table.

Abstract: Fibrous flakes used to reconstitute heat and sound insulants in the form of felts are themselves produced from a compressed fleece by an opening operation. The flakes detached from the fleece are carried away from the opening device in order to be used immediately.

Abstract: A flower mounting pin device, including a combination body and safety pin, is disclosed. The cross-shaped body includes an upright member and a transverse crossbar. The upright member includes projecting nubs and a through hole spaced along it. The crossbar includes a transverse pin channel with a central keyslot, and a hinged cover which closes over the pin channel to secure the safety pin within the pin channel. The crossbar and the hinged cover further include mating male and female elements to secure the cover in its closed positon over the pin channel. The safety pin includes a stationary arm which fits in the pin channel of the crossbar. The stationary arm has a central offset portion which extends into the central keyslot, securing the safety pin against rotation and translation within the pin channel. Various sizes of safety pins can be used, all with the same benefits.

Abstract: An apparatus to be attached to a pair of spectacles or sunglasses and which provides a means for carrying a writing instrument in a manner from which it can be readily removed for use and subsequently replaced on the apparatus for subsequent reuse. The apparatus includes the combination of a partially opened hollow clip and an attachment means by which the partially opened hollow clip can be either permanently or removably attached to a pair of spectacles or sunglasses.

Abstract: The device comprises a base (10) on which is articulated a tension lever (9) acting on cables (6, 7). These cables are attached to a member (16) movable between two positions, namely a tightening position and a relaxation position, and mounted for sliding on the tensioning lever (9). Said movable member is displaceable by means of an auxiliary lever (11) mounted on the tensioning lever (9).

Abstract: A cord clamp provides a device for securing shoe laces, belts and tie cords with advertising possibilities. The cord clamp has a thin uniform thickness wall elastomeric hemisphere of a plastic composition, with a centrally disposed post radially projecting integrally inwardly. A central first aperture pierces the post, the first aperture being disposed in and through the post parallel to the hemisphere diameter, the post having a length disposed just short of the sphere radius length. The hemisphere wall has an interiorly disposed recessed groove therein, adjacent and around the hemisphere edge. A rigid, thin circular plate has a second central aperture disposed there through which allows the encompassing hemisphere to be inwardly flexed and the short post to move through the second aperture positioned in the circular plate.

Abstract: A fastening device that secures containers or ornaments to bracelets or other items of jewelry, and other items used by children such as belts, hair clips, lunch boxes, pouches, mirrors, jewelry boxes and the like is disclosed. The fastening device comprises a holding member having a shank, one end of the shank being fixed to the first object and the other end of the shank having a Z-shaped flange extending therefrom and an attaching member having a Z-shaped opening complementary to the Z-shaped flange such that the Z-shaped opening fits over the Z-shaped flange. When the attaching member is rotated on the Z-shaped flange, the attaching member is secured to the holding member thereby securing a second object to the first object.

Abstract: A drawing apparatus for a textile draw warping system includes rotatable feed, swing, godet and take-up rolls about which a plurality of synthetic continuous filaments travel in sequential peripheral engagement. The godet and take-up rolls are driven at different relative speeds with the godet roll being heated above the glass transition temperature of the filaments to cause drawing of the filaments between the godet and take-up rolls. A heated contacts the filaments between the godet and take-up rolls to crystalize the drawn filaments. The godet and swing rolls are mounted for movement in respective arcuate paths which are mutually convex to one another for disengaging the filaments from the godet roll upon stoppage of the drawing system while maintaining constant filament tension to prevent overheating and degradation of the filaments. The platen is also movable away from the filament path upon system stoppages in coordinated relation to the decreasing speed of filament travel.

Abstract: An apparatus and process to produce a spun-like synthetic yarn which employs a filament loop breaker which is periodically and automatically opened to break the vacuum pressure to allow lint collected therein to be released and collected.

Abstract: A green-ceramic parent substrate having buried therein a stack of spaced-apart sheet electrodes, each electrode having multiple tab portions extending in one direction to a plane that is orthogonal to the sheet electrodes and to the one direction. A row of holes is drilled between the tabs and through the ceramic in that plane. A plurality of elemental capacitor substrates are cut from the parent substrate, the cutting including dicing through the row of holes so as to leave a castellated edge in each elemental capacitor substrate. The elemental substrates are then fired to maturity and the castellated edge touched to a reservoir of a conductive paste and heated to form spaced apart conductive terminals contacting tabs of the buried electrodes at only the edge castellations.

Abstract: A vehicle seat assembly including a seat cushion suspension assembly consisting of a flexible elastic fabric sheet having a foam body molded thereto forming a bun. The bun is formed by attaching the fabric sheet to retainers and in turn the retainers to spaced apart receivers on the inside of a mold. The mold is closed, expandable foam is injectd, and the positioned fabric sheet is thus molded to and bonded to the fabric. The bun so formed is then positioned on a vehicle seat frame by attaching the retainers to laterally separated side rails of the frame thus forming a support for seating loads.

Abstract: A self-loading type of controlled deflection roll has two sets of opposed, hydraulically actuated pressure shoes extending along its length. Each set of opposed pressure shoes is arrayed in a plane and the two planes intersect perpendicularly with their line of intersection coincident with the longitudinal axis of the roll. The distance from the surface of the beam on one pair of opposite sides to its longitudinal axis for one set of pressure elements is less than the corresponding distance on the other pair of opposite sides for the other set of pressure elements. The self-loading roll is intended to be brought into nipping engagement with another roll. The center support beam rotates in conjunction with a corresponding retraction of the pressure shoes in the oncoming direction toward the intended nip-line of engagement with another roll. This permits the rotatable shell of the self-loading roll to be supported at a lower position relative to the longitudinal axis of the roll.

Abstract: A freerunning roller for use in a roller conveyor system comprises a cylindrical tube having saw cut ends providing a rough edge on each end which is relied upon to effect frictional interengagement with a relatively soft plastic cup dimensioned for force fitting into the tube and also dimensioned internally to receive a ball bearing in force fitted relation. The bearing assembly is completed by a bushing which is force fitted into the bearing and also has a hexagonal bore for receiving a hexagonal shaft by which the roller is mounted in a conveyor frame.

Abstract: A device for installation and removal of a wrist pin from a piston includes a press pin having an upper end for engaging a hydraulic ram and a lower end section of reduced diameter which engages into the bore of the upper end of a wrist pin. The lower end of the wrist pin is engaged by an end section of reduced diameter of a guide pin, the end section of reduced diameter having at least one groove encircling its circumference and having an O-ring engaged in the groove. The press pin, wrist pin and guide pin engage together to form a substantially rectilinear rod-like structure, enabling the wrist pin to be inserted through the shaft of the piston and eye of the connecting rod without damage to the shaft.

Abstract: A block of electrically-conductive material which is to be formed into a body with internal and/or external surfaces that approximate hyperboloids of one sheet is placed so that its axis is set at a predetermined skew angle with relation to a travelling EDM electrode wire and the electrode wire is then moved into cutting proximity of the body. Thereafter, by revolving the body about its own axis, the external and/or internal surfaces of the body will be cut into an approximate hyperbolic surface of revolution depending upon whether the body is positioned with the cutting wire outside of the body or in a previously-formed longitudinal passage in the body. As an alternative technique, elongated channels can also be cut into the walls of the body by successively orienting the body to a selected number of angular positions with the electrode wire being either outside of the body or in a previously-formed passage in the body.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing extruded flat multihole aluminum tube for heat exchangers is disclosed, which is characterized in that, in the hot extrusion of flat multihole Al-Cu or Al-Cu-Mn tubes, a plurality of tubes are extruded side by side in the longitudinal direction and Zn is flame sprayed onto both even surfaces of the tubes in the vicinity of the extrusion exit of the tubes to cover both even surfaces of the extruded tubes with Zn. The covering level of Zn is 3 to 30 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A puller assembly (10,42) comprising at least two angled brackets (12) each pivotally secured at a first end (14) to a base (18), each of the angled brackets (12) having a second end (16) remote from the first end (14) and disposed oppositely with respect to the base (18), a screw means (24) threadedly engaged with the second ends (16) and disposed so as to allow adjustment of the distance between the second ends (16), a drive bolt (20) threadedly engaged in the base (18) centrally of the angled brackets (12) and a leg (32) pivotally fixed to a respective one of the angled brackets (12) and disposed to attach to an object to be pulled.

Abstract: A bearing puller comprising an elongated body member having a plurality of gripping arms at one end thereof with gripping shoulders being provided at the free end of each of the gripping arms. An elongated bolt is threadably mounted in the body member and has one end positioned between the gripping arms. A sleeve is longitudinally slidably mounted on the bolt and is designed to deflect the gripping arms outwardly when moved into a first position and to prevent inward deflection of the gripping arms during the bearing removal process. An actuator slidably embraces the body member and is operatively connected to the sleeve to enable the sleeve means to be selectively positoned. In a modified form of the invention, the bolt member is not utilized but is replaced by a slide hammer operatively attached to the body member.

Abstract: The method of repairing a variable wobbler body for a constant-speed drive, rotatable upon a first axis wherein the normally flat control face has become worn and irregular in shape, and the axial bore and tapered clearance opening upon a second axis is out of round, comprising the steps of cutting the worn surface areas of the wobbler body, drilling a bore of increased diameter through the axial bore and clearance opening, making a wear plate insert including a body with a replacement flat control surface, a cylindrical shank having a bore terminating in an outwardly diverging clearance opening, press-fitting the wear plate into the cut out machined areas, lapping the wear control face to a flatness of 0.000050 inches, approximately with a finish of 8 RMS. The invention further includes a wobbler body having a pair of aligned journals rotatable upon a first axis, a bottom flat seat in the plane parallel to the first axis, and a cylindrical bore upon a second axis at right angles to the first axis.

Abstract: Windshields are automatically mounted on automobiles on the assembly-line by advancing a gripping device carrying the windshield and associated position sensors relatively towards the automobile, moving the sensors over a windshield opening in the automobile body shell and across edges of the shell defining such opening to provide signals indicating the position of such edges. Such measurements take place firstly on a gross scale and subsequently on a fine scale along at least four axes during the mounting process. The gross position of the windshield opening is first detected using the gross sensors. Starting from a reference point determined in the course of the gross measurement, a gripping device is then moved towards the upper edge of the windshield opening until a first of two fine sensors moves across such upper edge when the gripping device is pivoted around the detected point until the second fine sensor also moves across the upper edge.

Abstract: A method for forming a threaded dispensing opening for a cylindrical drum container having a generally flat circular closed bottom, a generally flat circular closed top, and a cylindrical side wall comprising the steps of forming an aperture in the drum top and drawing the drum metal adjacent the aperture upwardly to define an upwardly extending annular shoulder. The shoulder is then compressed downwardly to thicken the shoulder and a female threaded portion is formed on the inside of the annular shoulder which is receptive of a threaded closure member.

Abstract: A concept for providing bands or rings which may be quickly and securely attached to plastic pipe as shown. The bands provide well anchored annular external flanges along the length of a section of pipe to facilitate coupling and sealing or to provide means for locating a pipe with reference to structures or devices. Rings that may be installed over the free end of a pipe and rings that may be opened to assemble over an already installed and coupled pipe are shown. Simple tooling for setting the ring is shown. This tooling is easily used in the field and in limited space, and may be hand operated.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an apparatus and method for installing wheather stripping in a body door opening. In its preferred embodiment the present invention provides a robot which can load itself from a weather stripping station, transfer the weather stripping to the body door opening, and install the weather stripping within the body door opening. The present invention also provides an end of arm tooling device for a robot above-described.

Abstract: A machine is provided for automatically fitting connecting end-pieces to the ends of electric conductors, including a structure movable in translation inside a fixed structure with a first translational movement, and a carriage movable in translation in the mobile structure and able to move in line with an end-piece supply station and a station for guiding and holding the end of the conductors in position. This carriage includes a stripping device, an end-piece reception means and, associated with this reception means, an end-piece crimping device.

Abstract: A coupling mechanism permits a robot hand to be coupled to, and uncoupled from, application-specific tools by the motion of the robotic hand relative to a tool stand.

Abstract: An apparatus that machines a workpiece with any of a plurality of tools of different lengths and comprises a generally stationary frame adapted to support the workpiece at a working station, a vertically displaceable drive unit on the frame, a spindle fixed to the drive unit and centered on and rotatable by the drive unit about an upright spindle axis passing through the working station, and a chuck fixed on the spindle and adapted to hold a one of the tools for machining the workpiece held on the frame. A tool-changing apparatus comprises a holder for a plurality of the tools fixed to and vertically displaceable jointly with the drive unit and displaceable to move the tools through a transfer station spaced above the chuck by a predetermined distance and a pair of vertically independently displaceable like grippers fixed together for joint pivoting about a gripper axis between the transfer station and the chuck.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing an optical fiber for connection to another optical fiber is comprised of a clamp for gripping an optical fiber at a first location, a mechanism for transversely severing and removing insulation from a predetermined length of the fiber to provide a insulation severed end portion and a bared fiber portion, a cleaving mechanism for forming a transverse score in the bared fiber portion at a predetermined distance from the severed end portion of the insulation, and a fiber tensioning mechanism for breaking the optical fiber along a transverse plane containing the score.

Abstract: A stator for use with a permanent magnet rotor electrical machine is disclosed which stator eliminates ferromagnetic teeth previously used in stator cores. The stator of the present invention uses a winding support structure made of non-magnetizable, non-conductive material to support the stator windings, which may advantageously be prewound prior to installation on the winding support structure. The stator is easily adaptable to liquid cooling, and has substantially reduced losses due to its toothless design.

Abstract: An insert sheet formed of insulating material includes an outer border portion and a pair of door-like panels foldably mounted on the border portion, the insert sheet being disposed with its border portion interposed between the inner surface of the motor housing and a field coil and the door-like panels being interposed between the winding coil and oppositely disposed surfaces of the associated field pole.

Abstract: A pick-up head (10) of the apparatus has three alternative pick-up surfaces (24,34,64) formed respectively on a body (16), a first piston member (30), and a second piston member (60). The first piston member (30) is slidable in a cylinder (22a) formed in the body (16) and the second piston member (60) is slidable in a cylinder (48a) formed in the first piston member (30). The piston members (30,60) are movable between projecting postions and retracted positions. When both piston members are retracted, the surface (24) of the body (16) is used, when only the second piston member (60) is retracted, the surface (34) of the first piston member (30) is used, and, when neither piston member is retracted, the surface (64) of the second piston member (60) is used.

Abstract: Apparatus for installing connectors onto flat conductor cables. An improved installation station including the apparatus includes magazines for supporting a plurality of connector portions and a transport station to sequentially move them includes magazines for supporting a plurality of connector portions and an transport station to sequentially move the connectors from the magazines to the installation station. The installation station includes surfaces for retaining cables in a horizontal plane and a press having an avil and ram for coupling connector portions to the cable and to each other. The surfaces are spring biased and include abuttment surfaces for proper positioning of the cables.

Abstract: A process and device for the length trimming of cables from a cable supply for the processing of cable ends. The cable front end is inserted by a cable feed (20, 22) in a guide channel whose rear section is located in a swivel part (28). As the cable front end impinges on a stop (102) on the swivel part (28), said swivel part swings beyond a dead center which is defined by a spring (40) which is attached eccentrically, whereafter the swivel part (8) is swung around by the spring (40) essentially 180.degree. so that the cable front end bearing on the stop (102) points opposite to the feed direction. The cable loop formed is then enlarged to the desired length by continued cable feeding, whereafter the cable rear end is severed by a knife (82). By lowering the cable, the cable ends are transferred, accurately positioned, to holders (56) by means of which they can be transported to the processing stations.

Abstract: Forming a body of insulating material with a shelf and an opening therethrough with a plurality of electrical conductors extending from the shelf to the exterior of the body. A plurality of tape automated bounding leads are placed in the opening in which the inner ends of the leads are connected together. The outer ends of the leads are aligned with the electrical conductors and bonded thereto and the inner ends of the leads are disconnected from each other. An electronic component is bonded to a bottom cover, aligned in the opening, and the inner ends of the leads are bonded to the electrical component. The bottom and a top cover are sealably connected to the body enclosing the opening and the electronic component.

Abstract: A gripping tool assembly for grip securing an eyelet to a printed circuit board. The gripping tool assembly comprises a flat blade in a blade holder. The blade has a rounded distalmost tip with tapered side edges which extend into semi-circular "curling" portions which segments any barrel of an eyelet pressed thereagainst into curled strips. A conically shaped opening in the holder shapes the non-curled portions of the blade inot biased flanges for gripping any wire inserted into the barrel of the eyelet.

Abstract: A plurality of terminals already disposed in a housing of an electrical connector, include solder tails extending rearwardly from the housing which have a thin layer of magnetic material deposited on an outer surface thereof, so that respective wire ends may be placed therealong with solder preforms within lengths of heat recoverable tubing may be placed therearound and a high frequency current induced in the magnetic layer which then generates thermal energy sufficient to melt the solder and shrink the tubing forming terminations between the wires and the terminals and simultaneously sealing the terminations. The magnetic material may be nickel-iron alloy clad to a brass solder tail layer. The thermal energy is generated in an amount necessary to raise the temperature of the magnetic layer to its Curie temperature for the given frequency used and maintain that temperature.

Abstract: A cutting device for a wrapped coin stack comprising cylindrical support member including a bore for receiving one end of a wrapped coin stack bar which is formed by a certain number of coins and wrapped by a wrapping, base plate member for abutting against said one end of the wrapped coin stack bar on its surface, cutter supported by the support member at a position offset from the surface of the base plate member for being advanced inward of the support member and cutting the wrapping.

Abstract: This invention concerns a razor blade assembly in which a double edged blade strip 9, which subsequently provides first and second blades 10,16 of a twin bladed assembly, is provided, in an insert moulding operation, with a blade platform 11, end walls 15, a guard bar 14 and a blade spacer 13 moulded on the first blade 10, and a top cap 17, end walls 22, a spacer 18 and rivets 20 moulded on the second blade 16. After cropping of the metal joining the two blades or after folding over one blade on to the other, the rivets 20 are brought into apertures 21 in the first blade 10 and blade platform 11 to locate the two blades with their edges parallel and in staggered mutual relationship. Finally the portions of the rivets 20 projecting through the blade platform 11 are flattened to permanently lock the two parts of the assembly together.

Abstract: A coin roll opening device receives a wrapped roll of coins therein, and comprises at least one cutter having at least one roll engaging edge which is engageable against the roll of wrapped coins. The roll of wrapped coins and the cutter are moved relative to each other while the at least one cutting edge of the cutter is forced against the wrapper. In this manner, the coin wrapper is either sliced, scored or weakened, to permit easy opening of the roll of coins.

Abstract: A device for cutting, for example, mushrooms, and, especially, champignons, including two pincer arms articulated together at rear ends thereof, with the cutting device being adapted to be held in one hand of the user, and with the arm being compressible against a return spring. One pincer arm includes a cutting grid at a forward end thereof, with the cutting grid being aligned with the receiving depression for receiving the mushroom and disposed on the other pincer arm. The receiving depression includes a round trough shape which is constructed to receive a mushroom such as a champignon on a cap side thereof. The cutting grid includes sharpened stainless steel blades and both of the pincer arms include handle projections extending forwardly beyond the cutting grid and receiving depression, by which the pincer arms are grippable and compressible by the other hand of the user of the cutting device.

Abstract: A hand held circular saw rip guide that is attached to a planar base and includes a movable cross member that is disposed about the planar base. An cross member extension serves as a straight-edge to guide the skill saw in operation. An upper surface of the planar base has a graduated series of indicia that represents feet and inches, or any suitable scale, to provide the operator with a tool for measuring the work piece and in combination with the movable cross member allows the operator to measure and cut any desired dimension in the work piece.

Abstract: Apparatus for cutting vegetation with a rotatable head carrying a non-metallic cutting line extended into a cutting plane. Additional line is extended from a supply line coil within the head into the cutting plane without independent operation action. A mechanism in the head feeds a certain incremental length of line whenever the free end of the cutting line is reduced to this length by wear, or otherwise. After the cutting line length is extended to its original preset length, the cutting line is secured automatically against further extension from the head. The incremental line feeder mechanism is actuated by sensing an operating condition of the head, e.g., angular velocity of rotation.

Abstract: A straight edge cutter guide for use when cutting a web such as wallpaper after it has been hung on a support surface which is normal to or inclined with respect to the horizontal plane comprises a blade, a handle and spirit level indicators. The blade is rigid and has a straight edge extending longitudinally along one edge thereof. The bottom face is flat and has a sufficient area to provide a stable base for the cutter guide. The handle is mounted on said base and has a hand grip portion located above the top face. The hand portion is accessible for use when retaining the base in any required position with its bottom face bearing against a web in use. The level indicators are mounted on the cutter guide so as to be visible when said bottom face is operably located.

Abstract: A tractor-towable sidewalk edging device includes a pair of laterally spaced cutting blade members and the depth of the cut the blade members make in vegetation to be trimmed is controllable by adding or removing weight members to receptacle members which form a part of the device. The lateral spacing between the cutting blade members is adjustable in three different ways. Each cutting blade member may also be pivoted about a vertical axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a knife insert for tools with an oscillating head, preferably of the type used for cutting open rubber or adhesive beading strips around windscreens and having a cutting face bounded by one or a plurality of cutting edges. When producing such a knife, in order to be able to use less expensive material and in order to be able considerably to reduce the reciprocating movements of the shank when driven by a tool which performs oscillatory rotary movements, it is according to the invention proposed that the knife be angled over in an L-shape at right-angles to its cutting face, the cutting face forming a first leg of the L, and the second leg of the L which extends substantially at a right-angle from the cutting face comprising a connecting element for connection to an actuating tool.

Abstract: A gauge for measuring in situ the diameter of a borehole in salt or other ft creeping rock types is provided so that changes in borehole structure can be detected. The gauge comprises a cylindrical body insertable lengthwise into a borehole and having an internal channel wherein sensors can be displaced outwardly when air is directed into the gauge, two air displacement sensors located in the channel having slotted keyways at their inner ends which form an orifice proportional to the distance between the sensors, a pneumatic device capable of providing a stream of air into the gauge body, and a flow meter for measuring air flow through the gauge body. The borehole diameter is determined by directing a stream of air into the gauge body and measuring the air flow which will be proportional to the distance between the sensors when displaced outwardly against the borehole walls. The gauge is advantageous in that it does not itself create artificial stresses or deformations in the borehole walls.