Abstract: The residential building is composed of an indeformable triangulated framework provided with a covering defining a volume having a triangular, square or hexagonal base and three or four faces whose pitch is greater than 45 degrees and facades or connecting planes between modules, resulting from the division of a pyramid by vertical planes. The apex is provided with a hook intended for the transport of the modules by helicopter.

Abstract: A mast for measuring or illuminating purposes, especially for flight navigation lights or for wind measuring devices, which is designed as a glass-fiber or carbon-fiber reinforced plastic mast.

Abstract: The crown block has two parallel clusters of sheaves. In one use the crown block is positioned such that the center of the derrick passes through the axle of one of the clusters and a power cable is threaded through the first cluster of the crown block and the cluster of the traveling block. When one wants to double the mechanical advantage, the crown block unit is shifted so that the center line of the derrick passes midway between the axle of the first cluster and the second cluster of the crown block. For this second use a modified traveling block is used which also has two parallel clusters of sheaves which corresponds to the two parallel clusters of sheaves of the crown block. The power cable is then threaded between the first clusters of the crown block and the traveling block and then through the second sheave cluster of the crown block and the second sheave cluster of the traveling block. The load is connected to a cross member between the two axles of the clusters of the traveling block.

Abstract: A floor grating assembly is disclosed, which comprises tread rails arranged in closely spaced parallel relation and held by spacer bars. The spacer bars, which are notched, are inserted in alignment openings of preferably triangular shape in the tread rails. After insertion, the spacer bars are rotationally reoriented to a position securing the tread rails in spaced apart relation. Flange means extending along the lower edges of the spacer bars are locally deformable into locking notches formed in the alignment openings. The spacer bars are thus locked against rotation out of their operative positions. Manufacturing economies and structural improvements are realized.

Abstract: A roof ridge ventilator (10) comprises a one-piece cover member (12) including a pair of flaps (14) and a hinge (16) unitary with the flaps to permit pivotal movement therebetween in order to allow use of the ventilator on roof ridges of different angles and pitches, the cover member being designed to be placed under the standard cap shingle such that the shingle extends over the cover member and down the top edges of longitudinally spaced outer support walls. A pair of vents (22) are located below the pair of cover member flaps (14), and each vent has openings (26) to permit air circulation through the roof ridge. Each vent (22) also has an upwardly projecting outer wall angled toward the cover member, and including weepage openings at the bottom of the outer wall spaced between the outer support walls to permit collected liquids to drain therethrough.

Abstract: A lightweight structural member made of prestressed plastic foam is provided, the prestress provided by a plurality of tendons disposed within the foam to which tensile forces are applied during mold casting of the structural member, the tendons being retained in tension by bonding between the tendons and the foam, or by way of anchors which are spaced along the tendons to retain the tendons in immobile condition, one or more skin layers also being optionally provided. A method for producing a lightweight structural member of prestressed plastic foam is also provided.

Abstract: A log for use in log construction is disclosed. The log comprises upper and lower, opposed major faces, a surface adapted to be an exterior, vertically extending surface in such a log construction, cooperating means provided on the upper and lower major faces for aligning a stack of plurality of such logs in a substantially vertical array and a flange comprising interior and exteriors surfaces adapted to be substantially vertically oriented in such a log construction. The flange is connected to and depends downwardly from the lower major face and is positioned so that its exterior surface constitutes an exterior surface in such a log construction. A channel surface is provided on the log, adjacent to the upper major face, and is adapted to be oriented substantially vertically, in such a log construction, opposite the interior surface of a flange of a corresponding log stacked on top of the log and forming therewith a channel.

Abstract: A precast concrete beam is supported at its end by columns via the agency of retractable hanger arrangements preferably located in cavities at the upper ends of the beam. Each hanger arrangement includes a hanger member which is movable in the cavity from a retracted position within the cavity through a hanger eye device to an extended position in which the hanger member engages the eye device at an upper central portion of the hanger member and in which the hanger member extends in cantilever manner into a recess defined in the adjacent column. In its extended position, the hanger member has its opposite ends supported on bearing plates located in the cavity and in the recess. The hanger eye device is structurally tied into the beam for carriage and transfer to the beam of the support forces for the beam and of forces arising from loads applied to the beam in use.

Abstract: A unitary wall corner protective member consisting of an underlying layer conforming to the wall member and an overlying layer spaced from said underlying layer, said layers having a common end portion having intermediate thereof a hinge unitary therewith and said layers having releasable interengaging other end portions, said overlying layer being yieldingly resistant to impact and an impact absorbing member intermediate said layers carried by said underlying layer.

Abstract: A concrete footer block and foundation system formed therefrom for a concrete block wall is provided and comprises a plurality of elongate concrete masonry footer blocks positioned in side-to-side abutting relationship along an axis parallel to the concrete wall to be supported by the foundation system. The footer blocks include an enlarged triangular cavity therein which extends across the footer block and downwardly into at least the middle portion of the block. The cavity is open on each side of the block as well as at the top surface thereof and has a bottom surface which is parallel to the bottom surface of the footer block and includes a plurality of spaced-apart first support ribs extending across the block and at least one second support rib extending perpendicularly to the first support ribs and parallel to the lengthwise direction of the footer block for supporting, respectively, reinforcement wire and reinforcement rods thereon in spaced-apart relation from the bottom surface of the cavity.

Abstract: A modular system includes a plurality of building units, each having at least one countersunk aperture for alignment with a countersunk aperture of another building unit; and fastening devices for securing the building units together in any of a plurality of configurations to form the modular system, each fastening device including a first bolt for engagement within a first countersunk aperture such that the upper surface of the first bolt is substantially flush with the inner surface of the wall of the building unit containing the respective countersunk aperture, a second bolt for engagement within a second countersunk aperture that is in alignment with the first countersunk aperture such that the upper surface of the second bolt is substantially flush with the inner surface of the wall of the building unit containing the respective countersunk aperture, and a nut positioned within the first and second countersunk apertures for securing the first and second bolts together.

Abstract: A modular space framed structure is constructed using uniform components to provide the desired geometry of the modular structure. The structure is comprised of a plurality of rigid Y-shaped joints, each of which has three branches which are disposed at respective predetermined space angles with respect to one another, and a plurality of panels spanning the spaces between the joints. In one embodiment the space angle between first and second branches are approximately 120.degree. and the respective space angles between a third branch and each of the first and second branches are approximately 90.degree. so that the interconnection of first and second branches of adjacent devices defines a hexagonal frame at each level in the structure and the interconnection of aligned ones of the third branches defines vertical legs of the structure. A plurality of such structures may be arranged to form a honeycomb shaped building construction with common vertical legs between adjacent structures.

Abstract: A construction method for fabricating structures and a system of building blocks utilized in the method is presented. The blocks are hollow and may be skeletal and formed from heavy gauge strips or molded. They include at least two sub-assemblies joined by interconnecting webs with provisions for single subassemblies to square off wall edges. Each skeletal subassembly includes upper and lower frames joined together by a plurality of structural columns perpendicular to the planes of the upper and lower frames. The upper and lower frames are dimensioned to form interfitting male and female receptacles that permit the blocks to be interconnected. D-lance snap fit structures are provided in the upper and lower frames so that an assembly of blocks with structural integrity may be created by snapping together courses of blocks with each course staggered relative to the adjacent course.

Abstract: A building cladding system comprising an infill panel mounted on frame members wherein at least one frame member has an outwardly facing abutment part against which an inwardly facing part of the infill panel is clamped by a clamping member, operating means to move the clamping member into clamping engagement with the infill panel and said means being accessible from a driving position inwardly of the panel.

Abstract: A panel enclosure comprising at least one panel which includes an extruded metal frame for receiving the perimeter portions of a sheet of plastic glazing in a loose fit to allow the plastic glazing to expand and contract therein, and a plurality of parallel cross bars received in opposite sides of the metal frame for supporting the plastic glazing at medial portions thereof.

Abstract: A control device for controlling the advance and the positioning of envelopes in an insertion machine includes a stepper motor (27) coupled in common both to means (20) for transferring empty envelopes towards said insertion station, and to means (40) for transferring filled envelopes to be ejected, and a circuit (70) for controlling and governing the speed of the motor, causing said motor to be driven on the basis of clock signals generated by a clock circuit (62) synchronously with mechanical commands within the machine, and governing the speed of the motor on the basis of defined numbers of motor steps as detected counting from the moment that an envelope ceases to go past an intermediate point on the transfer path, as determined by a detector (29). The invention is applicable to automatic mail processing.

Abstract: The device comprises control evacuation means (40) mounted substantially level with the envelope inlet into the insertion station (1) and tilting means (43, 44) for tilting the filled envelope, with the tilting means being controlled to take up a low tilting position in which they push down said filled envelope around the inlet to the insertion station, after which it is evacuated. The resulting insertion machine is made compact and is accurately controlled during each insertion cycle by a single driving cam shaft (52, 55) including a coding disk for determining successive angular positions.

Abstract: An apparatus for attaching drinking straws to a container includes a conveyor track for advancing containers and a rotating drum having a plurality of receiving areas located around its outer periphery for receiving the drinking straws. An applicator is provided for applying a bonding agent to the side wall of the containers. A device for transferring the drinking straws form the receiving areas on the drum to the side wall of the container after the bonding agent has been applied is also provided. After the drinking straws are attached to the side wall of the container, a device folds the drinking straws so that the drinking straw does not project beyond the edge of the container.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for discharging vacuum packaged goods from a vacuum packaging apparatus. While a chamber held in contact with the upper surface of a table and defining an airtight space therein is in movement integrally with the table for one round of travel along an endless track, the chamber is lifted from the table for a given period of time for supply into the chamber of goods to be packaged as contained in a bag. When the chamber is again brought in contact with the table, a vacuum atmosphere is created in the chamber so that the mouth of the bag is sealed, vacuum packaged goods being thus obtained. A table portion within the chamber is formed with an open/close type drop opening which is sealed by a cover plate. The to-be-packaged goods contained in a bag, as well as vacuum packaged goods which are sealed at the mouth of the bag, are loaded on the cover plate.

Abstract: In machines for the continuous packaging of products inside a film of a plastic material, folded above the products, so as to form a continuous tubular wrapping, a device for changing the opening between the welding element and the counter-welding element permits the operating distance between the welding elements to be changed as a function of the height of the products in course of packaging, thus ensuring the highest packaging speed for both low- and high-thickness products.

Abstract: A device for inserting sheets into envelopes has a fixed insertion station receiving empty envelopes and a fixed sheet inlet station, which stations are spaced apart from each other, together with a carriage for transferring sheets therebetween and driven between a retracted position beneath the sheet inlet station and an engaged position in an envelope present at the insertion station. The sheet insertion device is characterized in that it includes sheet grasping and pushing fingers (35) fixed to the carriage (33) and projecting slightly above the sheet inlet station (32), together with holding-down fingers (37) mounted above the inlet station and actuated to move between a retracted position and a holding-down position in which they hold a sheet down against the inlet station. The invention is applicable to automatically processing mail.

Abstract: An oil mister remover used in purifying polluted air containing oil mist generated in a factory or the like, composed of a main body having a suction hole, a ventilation chamber having an exhaust provided in the main body and a member having liquid discharger provided in the main body. The ventilation chamber is formed gradually larger in diameter toward the rotating direction of the fan, the inner edge of a suction guide for guiding the air into to the fan is curved so that the diameter may be larger than the fan and a drum having a rotary filter is provided in the main body. Multiple tiny holes are formed in the drum provided in the main body, and a curvature is formed beneath these tiny holes.

Abstract: A conditioning roll for use in a conditioning mechanism on a hay harvesting machine is disclosed wherein the conditioning roll is formed by a plurality of individual lobes slidably mounted on transverse guide members detachably affixed to a core member. Each lobe is connected to a lobe reciprocating apparatus for effecting a transverse reciprocating sliding movement with respect to the core of the conditioning roll while the respective conditioning roll is being rotated. The conditioning mechanism is provided with a pair of intermeshing conditioning rolls connected to respective lobe reciprocating apparatus so that the lobes on the respective conditioning rolls are transversely moving in opposite directions at the throat formed between the rolls through which crop material passes to be conditioned in an aggressive manner.

Abstract: The present invention entails a plant clipping system for clipping the top portion of growing plants. A boom structure is supported over an area of underlying plants. A plant clipping device is movably mounted on the boom structure and depends downwardly therefrom. In operation, the plant clipping device is fixed in a certain position on the boom structure and the boom is moved over the underlying plants and during this process the plant clipping device clips the top portion of the plants. The plant clipping device can be laterally adjusted on the boom structure such that it can be moved from one location to another location on the boom structure. By repeatedly shifting the position of the plant clipping device on the boom structure after each boom traverse it is seen that a relatively large area of plants underlying the boom structure can be clipped.

Abstract: A mower has features that allow it to mow directly over a flexible marker shaft without damage to the shaft. The mower has front and rear rollers mounted directly in front and behind each blade. These rollers engage the ground in rolling contact and support the housing. The rollers are spaced together a distance less than the height of the marker. The front roller contacts the marker and causes it to bend over. Before the front roller leaves the marker, the rear roller will be in contact with the marker to keep it in a prone position until the mower passes from the marker.

Abstract: A gear mechanism for agricultural machines capable of being moved along a direction of propagation and of cutting plants whose growth is generally vertical, has a cutter for cutting along a line making a given angle with the direction of propagation, a screw for collecting the cut stems and moving them into a flux at a given angle with the direction of propagation, and bringing them to an opening for treatment. The gear mechanism causes lateral displacement of an assembly of stems located in front of the opening and inclining the displaced stems along a direction substantially in the direction of the movement of the flux so as to send them onto the flux prior to its entry into the opening. A guide guides the flux completed by the assembly of displaced, oriented and cut stems towards the opening. The mechanism has use, in particular, for cutting cereals and forage crops intended to be treated, for example, by threshing, ensilage, etc.

Abstract: Lawn mower characterized in that the rear drive wheels (4) are mounted on a rear interconnecting member (6) in the form of a portico permitting mounting of a receptacle (7) for receiving cut grass directly on the outlet opening of the ejection channel of the cutter housing (5) between the rear wheels (4).

Abstract: A mower-conditioner includes mowing elements for cutting hay and throwing the hay in a backward direction relative to a work direction, conditioning rollers mounted on lateral walls behind the mowing elements, and deflectors positioned at least partially in the path of the thrown hay. The deflectors are mounted adjacent the lateral walls. Each deflector includes an upright planar portion and a front portion. The planar portion is backwardly inclined away from a corresponding lateral wall so as to form a first angle with respect to the axes of the rollers. The planar portion is also angled by an acute second angle with respect to a vertical plane parallel to the first angle such that an upper part of the planar portion is closer to the corresponding lateral wall than is a lower part of the planar portion. The front portio is rounded about an upwardly directed axis and extends outwardly away from the other of the reflectors.

Abstract: A lawn mower comprising a cutting unit disposed between front and rear wheels, a grass discharge duct extending rearwardly from the cutting unit, and a grass collecting container defining a top opening for receiving grass clippings sent through the discharge duct. The grass collecting container includes a mouthpiece extending along peripheries of the top opening to rest on a U-shaped support frame mounted at a rear end of the mower. The mouthpiece is connected to the support frame by a projection and bore engagement. The support frame includes a holder defining an upwardly opening recess, and the container has a cover defining a downwardly opening recess at a position opposed to the holder. The two recesses define an opening for receiving a rear end of the grass discharge duct. The grass discharge duct includes an annular engagement portion extending peripherally of the rear end thereof for engagement with inner edges of the two recesses.

Abstract: A self-propelling harvester thresher comprises a conveyor, a two-part cutting mechanism having two cutting mechanism halves which are turnable substantially in a horizontal plane between a working position and a transporting position, elements allowing the turning of the cutting mechanism halves and including two turnable supports and a joint vertically extending hinge axle. The cutting mechanism halves are each connected through a respective one of the turnable supports with the inclined conveyor and also are connected with one another by the hinge axle.

Abstract: A variable force tree shaker is disclosed which includes a non-rotatable housing having a two-piece shaft journaled therein. A fixed weight is rigidly connected to the shaft and an adjustable weight is pivotally connected to the shaft. At least one hydraulic cylinder is formed in the fixed weight and receives a piston which is connected to the adjustable weight by a piston rod. While the shaft is driven, an hydraulic controller directs hydraulic fluid into said at least one piston which moves the adjustable weight between a balanced position diametrically opposed to the fixed weight providing no shaking forces to the shaft, and a plurality of unbalanced positions imparting shaking forces of different intensities to the shaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for start spinning or piecing at least two yarns of fibers, which process includes forming strands for start-spinning or piecing by introducing a continuous filament into each roving, false twisting the strands, assembling the strands at a given point of convergence, cutting each filament upstream of its introducing point, removing the filament from the strands and twisting the strands without the filament to a twisted yarn. This process serves to overcome the problem of breaking at the start of the spinning. Also by the present invention, the problem of breaking while twisting the assembled intermediate yarns to a twisted yarn is avoided by introducing a false twisting of the assembled intermediate yarns, supplementing to the false twisting of the intermediate yarns, before the last twisting.

Abstract: A stranding machine, and a method for controlling same wherein a measurement device is utilized to measure the centrifugal forces of a spool of the stranding machine. The strand spool rotation rate is then regulated dependent upon the measured centrifugal forces. As the material is depleted from the spool, the spool rotation rate is increased while maintaining a centrifugal force reading within given perimeters.

Abstract: An open-end rotor spinning apparatus is provided which includes a spinning rotor element for spinning yarn. A yarn receiving surface is included with the spinning rotor element and is arranged around a spinning rotor element substantially circumferentially transverse to the axis through the spinning rotor element. A housing is provided for housing the spinning rotor element, and the housing element is connected to a vacuum source. A fiber feeding duct feeds fibers to the spinning rotor element. The fiber feeding duct includes a mouth area leading into the spinning rotor element and adjacent feeding duct. The mouth is oval shaped and has a cross-sectional width in the circumferential direction of the yarn receiving surface which is greater than the cross-sectional width in the axial direction of the spinning rotor element.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing ornamental chains of the type known as "peacock eye", formed by a sequence of pairs of links, of the twisted type, each pair including one small and one large link, which are concentric, the large link engaging the large and small links of the immediately preceding and subsequent pairs. The apparatus is substantially of the type capable of producing chains having alternating links, and comprises, in association with the unit for producing the large links, devices for advancing the chain already formed towards an elevated collection unit and for moving the end length of chain, freely suspended, to bring it successively into alignment with the spiral of wire from which the large link is made and with the unit for forming the said large link already concatenated. A mobile pincer undertakes the transportation of the small links towards the production unit of the large links and the allocation of the latter to the first loop of the spiral.

Abstract: An igniter for a combustor of a gas turbine engine includes a body section mounted on a ball joint within a standoff cylinder. The standoff cylinder, in turn, is mounted on the casing of the combustor. An electrode tip, extending from the body section if tightly fitted into a hole in the combustor liner. The ball joint permits substantial transverse motion of the electrode tip to fit it through the hole during installation of the igniter, and to track the position of the hole if it should move relative to the casing due to differential thermal expansion during operation of the combustor. Seals between mating parts prevents the leakage of air from the interior of the casing.

Abstract: In a gas turbine the transition duct is subject to high temperature since it conducts the combustion products to the power turbine. It is normally cooled by air from the compressor. This invention improves the uniformity of cooling by forcing the cooling air to pass over all surfaces of the transition duct. Air flow passages are formed between the ducts and saddle shaped members which direct the flow of air from the compressor over the outer surfaces of the ducts.

Abstract: A dual manifold fuel supply system for the combustor of gas generator in a turbofan engine wherein alternating circumferentially aligned fuel injectors are alternately supplied with fuel by a first or second fuel manifold. Fuel flow to both manifolds are controlled by a fuel control, preferably a full authority digital electronic control, and the second manifold has an off valve interposed between it and the fuel control.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved method of storing solar radiation energy in a spacecraft and using it with high efficiency for space propulsion.

Abstract: A hypersonic scramjet engine fuel injector and a hypersonic scramjet engine having such a fuel injector. The engine has a serially connected inlet, combustor, and exhaust nozzle. Multiple, horizontally-spaced-apart fuel injectors are positioned in and connected to the combustor's top portion. Each fuel injector has a hollow wedge shape housing. To improve fuel-air mixing for better combustion, the housing's end wall has multiple, discrete, convergent-divergent fuel outlet nozzles and its side walls have horizontally-extending exterior grooves. Fuel is used to cool the fuel injector housing with the housing's bottom and side walls having fuel-exit holes and the housing having an interior serpentine fuel passageway.

Abstract: Thermal shock reactions of a heated lambda probe owing to the impact of liquid droplets on the heated ceramic probe body during cold starting, which phenomenon can lead to a fracture of the ceramic probe body, are avoided, and a better representativeness of the signals transmitted by the lambda probe is achieved, in that a gas deflector plate is arranged before the lambda probe in the exhaust gas flow, as seen in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases, in such a way that the lambda probe lies in its Lee.

Abstract: A two-stoke engine comprises a cylinder accommodating a piston and having an air inlet port and an exhaust port. The exhaust port communicates with an exhaust system which includes a reduction catalyst and an oxidation catalyst. The exhaust system includes two exhaust flow paths in parallel, the first of which includes the reduction catalyst and the second of which bypasses the reduction catalyst, the downstream ends of the two flow paths being connected together upstream of the oxidation catalyst. The exhaust port is controlled by the piston or by poppet valves so that as the piston performs its downstroke the initial flow of exhaust gas is substantially through the first flow path and the subsequent flow of exhaust gas is substantially through the second flow path.

Abstract: Two embodiments of motorcycles having improved exhaust systems. In each embodiment, the motorcycle includes a V-type engine and the exhaust system provides substantially equal length exhaust pipes that merge into a common exhaust outlet and which are disposed beneath the clutch and on the opposite side of the engine from the generator. In addition, one embodiment discloses an oil filter that is disposed above the clutch so as to be protected from the heat of the exhaust pipes by the clutch.

Abstract: An exhaust gas deflector for the top of a vertical tubular truck exhaust stack, the deflector being formed of a generally horizontal base plate having an opening therethrough, a vertical tubular pipe portion secured to the base plate coincident with the opening therein, the lower end of the tubular pipe portion being attached to the top of the truck exhaust stack, a pair of spaced apart side panels affixed to the base plate, an air scoop plate affixed to the front edge of the base plate and the side edges thereof affixed to the side panels, the air scoop plate being inclined downwardly and an upwardly inclined deflector plate affixed to the base plate rear edge and the side edges thereof being affixed to the side panels, so that as the truck having the exhaust gas deflector thereon moves, air passes through the deflector and is comingled with the exhaust gas which is deflected in an upward direction.

Abstract: A muffler cooling device for a V-type engine which includes an engine cooling fan disposed at an end of a crankshaft. An air guide plate is provided at a part of a duct through which air sucked by the cooling fan flows, and the duct has at least one opening through which the air flows as being guided by the air guide plate. The arrangement is such that the air having flown through the opening is led, through a space surrounded by a V-bank formed by cylinder heads and an intake manifold, to an area in which a muffler and exhaust pipes extending from the cylinder heads to the muffler are arranged.

Abstract: A muffler responsive to exhaust flow rate is provided for an internal combustion engine. The muffler includes a body having a variable restrictor located downstream from an inlet port and upstream from an outlet port of the muffler. The variable restrictor includes a valving element with an operative position which varies as a function of engine exhaust flow rate to occlude exhaust gas flow. The variable restrictor is formed with a solid wall disposed about the valving element to define a constricting annular passageway having a cross section that varies with distance from the inlet port and from the outlet port. The passageway cross section for some mufflers will increase in a direction proceeding from the inlet port toward the outlet port, and will decrease proceeding in that same direction in other mufflers, depending upon the type of internal combustion engine employed.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake booster is proposed, in which a coupling is provided between a control valve and a booster piston. The coupling engages the control valve at a slide sheath and upon the movement of the booster piston causes it to move as well, in such a manner that tracking control is provided. A pedal push rod in this manner always keeps a certain distance from the booster piston; that is, it does not touch it. However, if the auxiliary force should fail, then the pedal push rod does touch the booster piston, and its force is transmitted mechanically.

Abstract: An engine has an air supply passage and an exhaust gas passage. A supercharger and a turbocharger compressor are disposed in the air supply passage. The turbocharger compressor is disposed downstream of the supercharger and is driven by a turbocharger turbine disposed in the exhaust gas passage. A valved air by-pass is provided for conducting air around the supercharger between the supercharger outlet and inlet. A valved exhaust gas by-pass is provided for conducting exhaust gas around the turbine. During engine low speed operation the air by-pass and exhaust gas by-pass are closed and air is compressed by both the supercharger and compressor acting in series. During an intermediate speed range, the air by-pass is partially opened under the control of the air pressure at the compressor outlet to assure that such air pressure does not exceed a preset value.

Abstract: During idling or partial load of the reciprocating piston-internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas turbocharger (18) is shut-down and the fuel supply is interrupted with some cylinders (12). An optimum charging air supply matched to the operating condition of the reciprocating piston-internal combustion engine results by a controllable shifting device (32) in the charging air line section (14) of the shut-down cylinders (12). The passage from the charging air line (19) to the charging air line section (14) is closed by the shifting device (32) during operating periods with interruption of the fuel supply to the cylinders (12). At the same time, a passage opens from a suction opening (33) to the charging air line section (14), through which the air requirement of the disabled cylinders (12) is covered. The interconnected exhaust gas turbocharger (17) thereby operates in a favorable operating range.

Abstract: A steam turbine system including a source of motive steam and a turbine adapted to operate at less than a full load and normally provided with two separate valve chests each incorporation a plurality of commonly controlled valves, is modified to improve turbine efficiency by separating the camshafts for each group of control valves associated with each of the steam chests such that the valves associated with each of the steam chests may be operated in two distinct groups. In one form, the steam chests are each associated with four valves and the camshafts are split so that each section of camshaft controls two valves. In this form, the turbine is initialized at 50 percent admission by opening two sets of valves and thereafter the admission is increased in 25 percent increments by sequentially opening the other two valve sections.