Abstract: A method of starting a free piston combustion engine is described in which the free piston unit consisting of the combustion pistons and the piston rod connecting them is set in motion by alternately pressurizing the hydraulic cylinder spaces of a double-acting piston and cylinder arrangement whose piston or piston is or are connected to the piston rod. For this purpose pressure from a hydraulic accumulator used for starting the engine is supplied as a control pressure to the check valve members of the one way outlet check valves of the hydraulic cylinder spaces to keep those check valves closed during starting of the engine. This control pressure supplements the spring pressure supplied by springs in the check valves biasing the check valve members towards their closed positions. Simultaneously a directional valve is used to channel hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic accumulator directly to the cylinder spaces in turn, thereby bypassing the one way inlet check valves to the cylinder spaces.

Abstract: A system and method for closed loop control of a pressure-activated variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) for use in internal combustion engines, such as heavy duty diesel engines, provides sensors for detecting both intake manifold boost pressure as well as VGT actuator pressure. Sensors are also provided for detecting various engine operating parameters. Target VGT actuator pressures and target intake boost pressures are read from look-up tables according to the engine operating parameter values. Closed loop control of VGT geometry is effected based upon either VGT actuator pressure error or intake manifold boost pressure error as a function of engine operating mode, e.g., steady state or transient state operation. Turbine overspeed protection and adaptive compensation for transient state control are also performed.

Abstract: A solar roof collector comprising a plate collector with a plurality of transparent conduits to channel a thin film of water from an insulated reservoir in order to increase the temperature of water therein as a result of heat absorption in the plate collector. An evaporative chiller including transparent air ducts in which air is circulated receives in the air ducts pre-heated water from the insulated reservoir, distributed therein preferably under the form of a thin film. Some water in the air ducts is vaporized and the vapor saturated air is passed through a vortex condensor, precipitating water which generates thermal energy. The thermal energy may be used to drive a gas turbine or another type of energy conversion device.

Abstract: A combustor effective for reducing exhaust emissions is disclosed. The combustor includes first and second liners defining a primary combustion zone, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced carburetors. Each of the carburetors includes a fuel injector providing fuel into an air swirler for mixing the air and fuel and providing a fuel/air mixture into the combustor primary zone. The combustor also includes means for obtaining a fuel distribution from each of the carburetors extending radially from a first liner upstream end through a center region of the combustor to a second liner upstream end with values of the fuel distribution at the center region being generally no greater than about values of the fuel distribution adjacent to at least one of the first and second liners. The first and second liners have upstream portions characterized by the absence of film cooling thereof.

Abstract: A compressed air stream is separated in a double rectification column having a higher pressure stage and a lower pressure stage. The lower pressure stage contains a low pressure drop liquid-vapor contact means having a pressure drop of less than about 400.0 Pa per theoretical stage, for example a structured packing, to effect mass transfer between ascending vapor and descending liquid. A product gaseous oxygen stream is withdrawn from the lower pressure stage through an outlet thereof and is warmed to about ambient temperature in a heat exchanger in countercurrent flow relationship with the compressed air stream which is thereby cooled. Refrigeration for the process is created by expansion of part of the incoming air.

Abstract: A cryogenic apparatus is described which is designed to be of a compact size and to provide multiple functions, including chilling of gas or liquid, condensation of condensible vapours, and separation of liquid and gas phases of liquified cryogenic gas. The level and/or temperature of cryogenic liquid in the apparatus is controlled by sensors. An inlet for liquified cryogenic gas and an inlet for fluid to be chilled or condensed pass through an upper closure and outlets for liquid cryogen and chilled or condensed fluid are provided in the lower wall of the vessel.

Abstract: A method of logging the operating time of a plurality of predetermined timeable functions of a transport refrigeration unit which includes the step of providing a plurality of hourmeters, at least certain of which are programmable. One of the plurality of timetable functions is selected for each programmable h ourmeter. Each hourmeter includes a first memory, with the operating time of the associated selected timeable function being stored in the first memory. The times stored in the first memories of the hourmeters are individually transferred to a second memory which is common to all of the hourmeters in response to a predetermined event. In a preferred embodiment, the second memory has a plurality of memory banks, one of which is an active storage location for all hourmeters, until the occurrence of a predetermined event, at which time another of the memory banks becomes the active storage location for all hourmeters.

Abstract: A method of operating a transport refrigeration unit with microprocessor based control. The microprocessor automatically selects an operative control algorithm, according to system configuration, with each algorithm having one or more operating conditions. Return air and discharge air temperature sensors provide inputs to the microprocessor. First, second and third sets of look-up tables are accessed by the microprocessor to determine which conditions are in the selected algorithm, and the high and low trip points of each condition. The first set of tables is accessed when the return air sensor is functional, the second set is accessed when the discharge air sensor is functional and the discharge air sensor is not, and the third set is accessed when both the return air and the discharge air sensors are not functional and the conditioned load is frozen. Failure of both sensors when the load is fresh shuts the unit down.

Abstract: A method of operating a transport refrigeration unit having electrical control which includes a display, including the steps of detecting the occurrence of predetermined events in the transport refrigeration unit, and classifying at least certain of them into first, second and third categories of fault conditions, and into a fourth category related to maintenance associated events. When a first category fault occurs, the unit is shut down, a visual alarm is flashed, and the nature of the fault is immediately identified. When a second category fault occurs, a visual alarm is steadily energized, and the nature of the fault if immediately identified. When third category faults and fourth category events occur, they are stored and periodically displayed, with the display respectively identifying the nature of the fault and the type of maintenance event.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus in which one outdoor unit is connected to several indoor units through respective refrigerant tubes and signal conductors. The outdoor unit has compressors for discharging refrigerant and an outdoor heat exchanger. Each outdoor unit has an indoor heat exchanger and an indoor heat exchanger temperature sensor. When an operating device signals a check node, the compressors are stopped for a predetermined time period. Then the compressors are operated to sequentially discharge refrigerant to each indoor unit. A checking device then monitors the signal conductors of each indoor unit for a signal indicating a certain temperature condition. Based on the signals received, the checking device determines whether the indoor units are properly connected to the outdoor unit.

Abstract: On each refrigerant piping to an indoor heat exchanger of each indoor unit, there is provided a flow control valve of which target opening (.theta.t) is selected separately according to an air-conditioning load of each indoor unit. Provided, the flow control valve which will have a maximum target opening (.theta.t.sub.max) selected, is fully opened, with the remaining flow control valves having such an opening greater than each of respective target openings (.theta.t) by a given value (.DELTA..theta.). Meanwhile, a target frequency (Ft) of output power from an inverter is selected, following the total of air-conditioning loads of respective indoor units; provided, an actual frequency (F) of output power of the inverter is selected in such a value lower than the target frequency (Ft) by a given value (.DELTA.F).

Abstract: A method of staging a plurality of compressors in a refrigeration system. The method comprises the steps of: accumulating a first operative condition for each compressor; accumulating a second operative condition for each compressor; initiating operation of whichever compressor has the lowest accumulation of the first operative condition whenever a system controller calls for an increase in system capacity; and terminating operation of whichever compressor has the greatest accumulation of the second operative condition whenever the system controller calls for a reduction in system capacity.

Abstract: A transport refrigeration system having a frame which supports a refrigerant compressor, a prime mover for the compressor, condenser and evaporator coils, and an air delivery assembly for moving air through the condenser and evaporator coils. The air delivery assembly includes a single shaft having first and second condenser blowers mounted adjacent the ends of the shaft, and an evaporator blower mounted on the shaft between the first and second condenser blowers. A drive arrangement for the air delivery assembly includes a jack shaft between the shaft of the air delivery assembly and the prime mover, with the prime mover being linked to drive the jack shaft, and with the jack shaft being linked to drive the shaft of the air delivery assembly.

Abstract: A replacement rear door for a van comprising in combination an interior front panel, an exterior rear panel with exterior peripheral panels defining an internal equipment storage zone; an air conditioning system housed entirely within the equipment storage zone for cooling the warm air generated in the passenger section of the van; a gasoline powered internal combustion engine for generating the power to operate the air conditioning system; gasoline connection means adapted to be coupled into the main gasoline supply line for supplying fuel to the engine; electric connection means adapted to couple the main battery of the van to the peripheral equipment of the engine; electronic means for controlling the stopping and starting of the air conditioning system; and hinge means extending outwardly from one of the exterior side panels for mating with the body hinges on the van.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for refrigerant recovery which removes refrigerant in liquid form from an air conditioning unit by cooling the refrigerant, thereby creating a temperature gradient between the air conditioning unit and the recovery apparatus which urges the refrigerant from the air conditioning unit into the apparatus, and then storing the refrigerant in a tank. Refrigerant vapor is pumped from the tank back into the air conditioning unit, thereby avoiding pressure buildup in the tank and also preventing the liquid refrigerant from being retained in the air conditioning unit due to vacuum created therein by the refrigerant removal. Cooling apparatus within the recovery apparatus uses a separate supply of refrigerant to cool the refrigerant, and neither the air conditioning unit itself nor the removed refrigerant is used for this purpose, allowing refrigerant removal from an inoperative air conditioning unit.

Abstract: An ice maker having an auger which rotates within a cylindrical body on the inner surface of which ice crystals are formed to scrape the crystals off the surface and advance them upwardly in to the extruding passage of an extruding head above the auger to form hard bodies of ice which are broken into pieces and stored in a reservoir surrounding the head. A thrust bearing disposed between the head and a portion of the auger shaft extending above the head is made up of two thin disks of different low friction materials both of which are hygroscopic. The bearing assembly operates in the moist atmosphere of the housing so that the hygroscopic elements absorb moisture which produces dimensional changes in the disks to compensate for material lost by frictional wear.

Abstract: A cooling tunnel for baked tortillas and the like, the tunnel having a housing defining a cooling space, an aperatured product conveyor for moving the product to be cooled through the cooling space, means for moving cooling gas over the tortillas in the cooling space, closed loop flexible hold down chains, supports for positioning the hold down chains in the cooling space for resting on the conveyor, and a drive for moving the hold down chains through the cooling space along with the conveyor with the tortillas between the hold down chains and the conveyor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device for cold transfer. According to the invention, in an intermediate loop (2) a cold-bearing fluid being in diphasic form, that is, a homogeneous mixture of water and ice, for example. This fluid is heat exchanged, on the one hand with a primary source of cold, and on the other hand with the various secondary sources of heat represented by each enclosure (1) to be cooled. the invention is adaptable to the thermal control of a vinification process.

Abstract: A refrigeration distribution arrangement which improves the uniformity of coil temperature distribution along the length of an evaporator coil. The distribution arrangement is particularly beneficial when an evaporator coil is operating partially flooded with refrigerant, such as when refrigeration capacity is being reduced with a suction line modulation valve. Distributor tubes from a refrigerant distributor are inserted for at least first and second different dimensions into coil tubes which initiate a plurality of refrigerant circuits in the evaporator coil. In an exemplary embodiment, the first dimension is a relatively short dimension, and the second dimension is a relatively long dimension, such as about one-third of the coil length. The refrigerant thus expands at different locations across the coil length, initiating coil cooling at different coil locations. The discharge temperature of air (flowing across the evaporator coil into a served space is thus more uniform across the coil length.

Abstract: A one piece earring comprising a decorative part having a slot, the slot being formed to extend from the periphery to a central section thereof, the decorative part also having a bar joining the two sides of the slot and located intermediate the periphery and the central section. An inverted J-shaped hook comprising a short section and a long section with a curved section therebetween, the short section having its end formed as a ring, the inverted J-hook being pivotally connected to the bar by the ring to allow for the extended rotation of the J-shaped hook through the slot.

Abstract: A gemstone assembly includes one or more gemstones and a setting having a base formed with a plurality of ribs defining one or more sockets of polygonal configuration for receiving the gemstones. Each gemstone is of a polygonal configuration corresponding to its socket, and is formed with an upper table, a lower pavilion, a girdle, and grooves extending through at least two opposed sides of the pavilion just below the girdle, the ribs of the setting being bent at their outer ends into the grooves to fix the gemstones in their sockets.

Abstract: A clothes steamer which can be secured to a wall such as the wall of a hotel room, the steamer including a housing with a heating element in it. The element boils water which is in the housing and causes a flow of steam along a flexible hose to a nozzle. An audible warning device is provided for indicating that an adequate supply of steam is being generated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lock for securing the U-shaped member of a hasp-type latch assembly, and which lock has an outer protective case having a front wall with elongated aperture therein that can receive the U-shaped member, and the case enclosing a pair of pivotally mounted arms and the first of the arms having a locking tap that is spaced opposite a locking tab of the second arm and aligned one to each side of the apertures, and the lock having an open position in which a segment of the U-shaped member can be inserted through the aperture and past the spaced-apart locking tabs, and a closed position in which the locking tabs are moved towards each other bringing opposing edges of the blades into engagement to secure the U-shaped member.

Abstract: A cylinder lock including a housing and a plug disposed in the housing and arranged for rotation relative thereto, a first plurality of chambers formed in the housing and a second plurality of chambers formed in the plug and arranged such that each one of the first plurality of chambers extends coaxially with a corresponding one of the second plurality of chambers, when the plug is in a first rotational orientation relative to the housing, a first multi-element pin assembly being disposed in said first plurality of chambers and a second multi-element pin assembly being disposed in said second plurality of chambers, the first multi-element pin assembly including an outer pin element having an axial recess and an inner pin element disposed for selectable axial orientation relative to the outer pin element and apparatus for retaining the inner pin element against disengagement from and undesired misalignment with respect to the outer pin element.

Abstract: A high-speed rod and wire mill, particularly for single-strand, twist-free rolling. The mill includes a roughing train, at least one intermediate train and a subsequent finishing train, wherein each of the trains includes several rolling mill stands or rolling units. A finishing stand set may follow the finishing train. For a minimized series of passes in each train section, the roughing train has a crane tool for exchanging the rolls, the intermediate train has a manipulator for exchanging the rolls and the finishing train has a quick-exchange device for changing the rolls and possibly an additional manipulator. All rolling mill stands or rolling units in the individual train sections have overhung-mounted and removable rolls, so that the yield of the mill is increased.

Abstract: The bending unit includes a fixed counterblade, a metal sheet holder which, pressing on counterblade, holds one of the edges of metal sheet and a blade arranged on the same side of the metal sheet holder as the metal sheet. This blade, translating with respect to the counterblade and to the metal sheet holder, causes the displacement outside the plane of the edge of the metal sheet which is not held by counterblade and metal sheet holder. The counterblade and blade are made in a plurality of segments parallel and side by side to one another in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the metal sheet, and the metal sheet holder is so flexible as to follow the counterblade in its deflections.

Abstract: A method of blanking workparts includes advancing the strip 26, 126 in a zig-zag fashion to a stationary blanking station 14, 114 disposed along axis A from which successive workparts are blanked from the strip 26, 126 and transferred along the axis A to successive forming stations 16, 18, 20, 22 by a transfer mechanism 28.

Abstract: An improvement in a bending machine for elongate material consisting of a modified upper pressure member. The upper pressure member has a material contacting surface divided into a plurality of transverse segments which are movable to accommodate a bend in the material, such that the load required for the proper bending moment is distributed among all the segments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hog ring clamping device such as a C ring clamping device. In the hog ring clamping device of the invention, a knock pin is mounted to a movable member of a jaw driving unit, a pivotable member is mounted to a hog ring clamping device body, the pivotable member is pushed against the knock pin by means of spring, a feed member is mounted to the pivotable member so that it can come into contact with hog rings engaged with a magazine, and a presser wheel is mounted to the hog ring clamping device body through a unidirectional rotating unit so as to be in contact with the hog rings engaged with the magazine.

Abstract: A highly selective, sensitive, fast detection system and method are disclosed for detecting vapors of specific compounds in air. Vapors emanating from compounds such as explosives, or stripped from surfaces using heat and suction from a hand-held sample gun, are collected on surface coated with gas chromatograph (GC) material which trap explosives vapors but repel nitric oxide, then are desorbed and concentrated in one or more cold spot concentrators. A high speed gas chromatograph (GC) separates the vapors, after which specific vapors are decomposed in two pyrolyzers arranged in parallel and the resulting nitric oxide is detected. A low temperature pyrolyzer with silver produces NO from nitramines or nitrite esters; a high temperature pyrolyzer decomposes all explosives vapors to permit detection of the remaining explosives. Also disclosed is a series arrangement of pyroloyzers and gas chromatographs and an NO detector to time-shift detection of certain vapors and facilitate very fast GC analyses.

Abstract: A sensor system has a two-housing arrangement, each housing of which contains a transducer. One housing includes the transmitter transducer and a flat engaging surface for pressing against the fluid line and deforming it. The other housing includes the receiver transducer mounted so that it is coupled to the bottom of a rectangular U-shaped channel for receiving the fluid line. A spring biases the flat surface of the first housing into contact with the fluid line and deforms the fluid line into the shape of the channel so that the fluid line fills the channel. The channel is shaped to force the fluid line into a general rectangular shape as it is pressed into the channel by the flat surface. Two walls of the deformed fluid line are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the flat engaging surface of the first housing and provide an opposing force to the flat surface.

Abstract: An injection assembly for short path thermal desorption apparatus used in a gas chromatography-detector unit (GC-DET) for systems, methods and techniques such as a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. The short path thermal desorption apparatus has a housing defining an upper compartment, and a desorption compartment. The injection assembly is disposed exterior of the housing and is actuated from a disengaged position to an engaged position with the gas chromatography unit by a suitable gas powered cylinder assembly mounted in the upper compartment and includes a desorption tube for collecting and storing the sample compound to be analyzed, means for passing a carrier gas therethrough to desorb the sample component when the desorption unit is heated, and a needle injector for passing the desorbed sample component to the GC-DET system for identification and quantification of the sample component.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for using logic to analyze the performance of a gas dryer system having dual dryer towers charged with desiccant. The apparatus and method utilizes sensors to sense the moisture content of gas entering into, discharging from, and recirculating within the dryer and also utilizes a flow meter to sense the flow rate of moisture remove from the desiccant during the regeneration mode. The apparatus and method determine when the dryer towers should be switched between their adsorption and regeneration modes and detects sensor malfunctions, desiccant problems, and water leaks.

Abstract: A pressure tester (50) is provided for safely and efficiently buckle testing a container (120). A housing (52) encloses a test chamber (54) and the related operating equipment. The chamber (54) includes a neck block (80) and a cradling assembly (82) for holding the container (120) therein. Upon activation of a test cycle, the container (120) is punctured on a domed end (124) by a hollow needle (100) which fits within a domed pedestal (94). The container (120) is pushed into the neck block (80) where an outwardly sloping surface (130) generally matches a neck (126) of the container (120). A flexible seal (134) is fitted within a groove (132) in the surface (130) which provides flex without support if the container (120) expands during the test.

Abstract: A transducer for an electromotively driven automotive vehicle power steering system is substantially composed of a compact sensor carrier (6) which can be plugged into a corresponding opening of a steering housing (1). Semiconductor sensor elements (S1, S2) are arranged on the side of the sensor carrier (6) projecting into the interior of the steering housing (1). Outwardly, the sensor carrier (6) ends in plug contacts (12) serving to supply the sensor signals via a corresponding counter-plug to the analyzing electronics. The compact transducer which is retained in the steering housing (1) e.g. by means of steel stop springs (13) is apt for measuring the steering angle, the steering velocity and steering acceleration as well as for measuring the steering torque.

Abstract: A sliver measuring device includes a pair of rollers (6, 7) which limit two sides of a rectangular measuring space (3). A third side of the measuring space (3) is closed off by a guide roller (8) or by a guide plate. A measuring element (5) for the thickness or non-uniformity of the sliver is arranged on a fourth side of the measuring space. The rollers (6, 7) serve to compact the sliver in the measuring space. The measuring element (5) is formed by a leaf spring provided with strain gauges. Since the sliver is actively driven at the measuring point, this leads to an increase in the compaction of the sliver and thus to an increase in the measuring accuracy dependent upon the compaction. On the other hand, the inertia of the measuring element is very low.

Abstract: An apparatus for ultrasonically testing a part uses a transducer which emits sound waves to flow through a water column into contact with the part. The housing has sidewalls, a top, and a bottom, defining a reservoir. The transducer locates in the reservoir and points downward toward the bottom. A collar extends upward from the bottom in alignment with the transducer. The collar has an open upper end spaced a selected distance above the bottom. A tube mounts in the collar in alignment with the transducer. The tube will slide vertically relative to the collar. The lower end of the tube protrudes through an aperture in the bottom for contact with the part. Water is supplied to the reservoir, to flow over the upper end of the collar and through the tube against the part. A supporting surface on the housing supports the housing on the part and depends downward from the bottom of the housing.

Abstract: A vibrating type pressure measuring device having good shock wave proof measuring characteristics, high frequency response, good temperature characteristics, and can be readily miniaturized, wherein pressure to be measured is applied to a silicon diaphragm provided in an internal vacant space of a housing, and a magnetic field is applied by a DC current magnetic field applying device to a vibrator beam arranged in the inside of the diaphragm, with a gap therebetween kept in vacuum, and fixed to the diaphragm at both ends, and detects the changes in natural frequency of the vibrator beam caused by the pressure to be measured. The diaphragm and/or vibrator beam are constructed so one or the other or both have rough or uneven surfaces so as to prevent any adhesion therebetween.

Abstract: A sensing device for determining diametral changes of a cylindrical member which includes a clamp member having a body adapted to be positioned around the periphery of the cylindrical member and removably attached in at least partially spaced relationship to a portion of the cylindrical member. A proximity sensor attached to the body senses diametral changes in the cylindrical member and generates signals responsive to and representative of the sensed diametral changes. A computation unit connected to the proximity sensor receives the signals therefrom and determines the axial load on the cylindrical member, based on the diametral changes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for the measurement of tension in a stretched elastic surface. The apparatus includes a rigid housing having at least two diametrically opposed sides and a spring device contained therein with a contact member connected to the spring device which protrudes a predetermined distance outwardly beyond the ends of the housing sides when the spring device is in a resting state. Measuring and display devices are connected to the spring device for measuring the spring deflection when the housing is pressed against an elastsic surface. The housing is placed adjacent the elastic surface to be measured with the contact member in contact with the elastsic surface such that a fixed distance exists between the ends of the housing sides and the surface prior to application of a pressing force. The housing is then pressed against the elastic surface until the ends of the housing sides come into contact with the surface such that the spring device is deflected.

Abstract: An impulse sensor comprises a container vessel with a first cavity with an end wall, from which a force receiving member having an axially disposed elongated cavity extends; a transducer retainer member disposed in the first cavity in an affixed arrangement and having a second cavity with a deflective wall containing at least one Piezo electric element in a squeezed arrangement; and a force transmitting member anchored to and extending from the deflective wall of the second cavity, which force transmitting member extends through the end wall of the first cavity and into the elongated cavity included in the force receiving member and is secured to the closed end of the elongated cavity at the extremity thereof; wherein an impulse or force laterally exerted to the force receiving member changes the level of squeezing on the Piezo electric element and generates an electromotive force from the Piezo electric element.

Abstract: To determine the exact instant (T.sub.s) between the instant of transmission (T.sub.0) of the leading-edge of a square-wave pulse (S.sub.1) transmitted by a transmitter (4) and the instant (T.sub.1) of the first appearance of the received signal (S.sub.2), the latter is scanned with a threshold voltage (V) specifiable in steps, so that with n-time pulse transmission for repetition of the transmitting and receiving operation the threshold voltage is decreased by a value of .DELTA.V in each transmitting and receiving operation. The instantaneous value of the threshold voltage (V) is compared with the peak values (V.sub.A, V.sub.B, V.sub.C, V.sub.D) of the amplitudes of the positive half-waves of the received signal (S.sub.2). The instant at which the value of the threshold voltage (V) falls below the peak value (V.sub.A, V.sub.B, V.sub.C, V.sub.D) of the positive half-wave of the received signal (S.sub.

Abstract: A mass flowmeter comprises a vibrating conduit secured to a support structure at the two extremities that includes two end sections connected by a looped midsection in such an arrangement that the two halves of the vibrating conduit over-lap one another at least once in a spaced arrangement therebetween; an electromagnetic vibrator exerting a vibratory force to the vibrating conduit at the over-lapping section, that generates relative flexural vibrations between the two halves of the vibrating conduit; and a pair of motion detectors respectively measuring the flexural vibrations of the two halves of the vibrating conduit, wherein the mass flow rate through the vibrating conduit is determined from the difference in the flexural vibrations between the two halves of the vibrating conduit.

Abstract: To measure speed of gas flow along a pipe a flowmeter is used comprising a gas flow sensor connected by tubing with an averaging pitot probe formed by first and second tubes of circular cross-section disposed side by side and closed at their one and the same ends and mounted in a gas tight manner in the wall of the pipe. The two tubes are identical in shape and dimensions and each has four circular holes through its tube wall. All the holes are of the same shape and size, and each has a diameter in the range 0.4 mm to 1.00 mm. The internal diameter of each tube is at least 1.59 mm, and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of each tube to the cross-sectional area of each hole is at least 9:1. The positions of the holes in one tube are identical to the positions of the holes in the other tube except that the holes in the first tube face directly upstream with respect to the gas flow whilst the holes in the second tube face directly downstream.

Abstract: A hand tool, having at least one handle which will provide a tactile response at a predetermined adjustable torque value is provided. The handle includes first and second sections telescopingly and pivotally interconnected. Detent means, including a roller journalled on one section and an axial bore in the other section in which the roller normally resides is provided. The roller and other section are translationally movable with respect to each other. The roller is configured in the form of a segment of a sphere and biased into the end of the bore. The other section also includes means to allow but limit pivotal movement of the roller out of the bore such that it will provide a tactile response at a given torque level and return into the bore when torque is released.

Abstract: Snap-action spring device for load-reversing switches of multiple contact switches whose spring can be loaded by a drive. In conventional load-reversing switches, a gear moves a cam disk to and fro between two end positions, so that the contacts which close last during the movement in one direction are the first to open during the reverse movement and vice versa. This rigid sequence of contacts is unsuitable for thyristor load-reversing switches. The invention proposes that the driven element be connected to a coupling element which can rotate in one direction only independently of the direction of rotation of the drive. This permits automatic contact sequence control and precludes switching errors, in a simpler manner.

Abstract: A motivational generator which provides vibratory motions for screens, shakers, and vehicles which utilize such motions is described. In one embodiment rotatory motion is imparted to a spinning frame which transmits the motion to two unbalanced chevron-shaped vibratory devices via gears, belts, and pulleys. In another embodiment, the motion of the spinning frame is conveyed to unbalanced chevron-shaped vibratory devices directly through gears. In a third embodiment, the unbalanced chevron-shaped vibratory devices are rotated without rotation of the spinning frame. In the first two embodiments, the spinning frame imparts a gyroscopic effect which stabilizes the motivational generator against vibration in all directions other than the desired back-and-forth direction along the spin axis.

Abstract: An automotive transmission system of the present invention comprises a transmission mechanism housed in a transmission case and operatively connected to an engine, and a hydraulically operated speed mode change mechanism and a hydraulically operated shuttle mechanism both operatively connected to the transmission mechanism. The hydraulically operated speed mode change mechanism is provided at the inlet side of the transmission mechanism. The hydraulically operated shuttle transmission mechanism is provided at the output side of the transmission mechanism and submerged in oil contained in the lower portion of the transmission case.

Abstract: A detent structure for a hydraulic automatic transmission system, in which a control shaft rotatably supported by a casing of the automatic transmission system carries a detent cam plate integrally attached thereto and radially extending therefrom. The free end of the detent cam plate is provided with a cam profile defining a plurality of depressions corresponding to different shift positions of the automatic transmission system in cooperation with a cam follower urged against the cam profile by a tension coil spring extending across the control shaft and a detent arm carrying the cam follower. Therefore, no extra radial load is applied to the opening of the transmission casing rotatably supporting the control shaft, and, therefore, the force required to rotate the control shaft is not affected by the force urging the cam follower against the cam profile of the detent cam plate securely attached to the control shaft.

Abstract: A bicycle member for mounting a braking device to a rear fork of a bicycle, the fork having a pair of tubular tines, each made of a composite plastic material, at least one of the tines having a mounting hole. The bicycle member includes a metal member, at least a part of which is adapted to be disposed within the mounting hole. The metal member has a resin impregnated fibrous material wrapped around it so that the fibrous material is disposed between the metal member and the one tine.