Abstract: An improved allyl alcohol hydroformylation process and catalyst are disclosed. The process uses a catalyst system comprising a Group VIII metal carbonyl complex catalyst, a trisubstituted phosphine, a neutral Group VIII(a) metal complex cocatalyst, and optionally, a diphosphinoalkane. The process uniquely gives an enhanced linear:branched aldehyde product ratio.

Abstract: Described are aryl oxabicyclooctane derivatives and phenyl norbornane derivatives defined according to the structures: ##STR1## wherein N is an integer selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2, processes for preparing same, perfumery uses thereof and intermediates used in said processes which intermediates are defined according to the structures: ##STR2## wherein M is 0, 1 or 2 and X is chloro or bromo. Also described are the by-products having the structure: ##STR3## wherein P is 1 or 2 and uses thereof in perfumery.

Abstract: A combination of an etherification process and a process for the isomerization of linear alkenes to isoalkenes uses a first etherification zone that passes an etherification effluent and an etherification recycle stream through a skeletal isomerization separation zone to prepare an etherification feed for an additional etherification reactor. Etherification of additional isoalkane reactants in a separate etherification zone permits the production of additional ether products through isomerization without requiring additional etherification capacity upstream of the isomerization zone. Therefore additional etherification capacity can be added without significant changes to existing etherification capacity. The additional etherification zone may be in the form of a reactive distillation reactor that provides a high boiling ether product stream, a low boiling isoalkane vent stream and an intermediate boiling normal butene sidecut stream.

Abstract: Dihydroxydiphenyl bicycloalkanes characterized in that they contain 9 to 13 ring C atoms in the bicycloaliphatic component are disclosed. The disclosed compounds were found to be suitable for the preparation of high molecular weight, thermoplastic polycarbonate resins having favorable properties.

Abstract: A biphenyl compound having the formula (I) is newly separated into its optical active compound, and useful as an optically separating agent: ##STR1## wherein W, X and Y are each an atom or atomic group selected from among H, F, Cl, Br, I, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OH, OCH.sub.3, NH.sub.2 and N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 and Z is an atom or atomic group selected from among Cl, Br, I, CH.sub.3 and OCH.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a one-step method for synthesis of alkylphenols which comprises reacting phenol with the corresponding olefin under adiabatic conditions in the presence of a zeolite catalyst, preferably a dealuminated Y-zeolite, a modified Y-zeolite, or a .beta.-zeolite.

Abstract: Process for oxidizing aromatic and aliphatic compounds, by using, in aqueous solution, an enzymatic system constituted by hydrogen, peroxide as the oxidizer compound, peroxidase and activated oxygen, or an enzyme which releases activated oxygen from H.sub.2 O.sub.2.In the preferred process, the enzymatic system is a double-enzyme one, in which peroxidase and catalase are used as enzymes.

Abstract: Novel cyclic anti-tumor promoter compounds and therapeutic compositions are disclosed, along with method for their production and use as anti-cancer and cancer-prevention agents.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of .beta.-fluoroalcohols of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent straight-chain or branched alkyl andR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent hydrogen or alkyl,in which epoxides of the formula (II) ##STR2## are reacted with sodium hydrogen fluoride or potassium hydrogen fluoride under pressure in the presence of diluents.

Abstract: A process for producing clear, colorless solutions of branched lithium alkoxides containing 3 to 12 carbon atoms, in a polar reaction solvent, comprising reacting a dispersion of lithium metal having a particle size less than 300 microns with a minimum of 5 mole percent excess over stoichiometric of a branched alkyl alcohol containing 4 to 12 carbon atoms, in a polar reaction solvent as the reaction medium, at a temperature between 50.degree. C. and the boiling point of the solvent in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing an alkyl chain growth product by the chain growth reaction of .alpha.-olefin in an aluminum alkyl uses a catalyst system which comprises an actinide metallocene.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the production of polyfluoroolefins by the catalytic addition of polyfluoroallylic fluorides to fluoroethylenes. 1:1 and 1:2 Adducts such as F-pentene-2 and F-heptene-3 can be formed selectively and reduced further to dihydro- or trihydropolyfluoroalkanes, which are useful as HFC cleaning agents.

Abstract: The partially fluorinated alkene 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-1-butene is produced by the selective dehydrochlorination of 3-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane in the presence of a suitable base at elevated temperatures. The alkene is converted to 1,2-epoxy-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methylbutane which is polymerizable in the presence of an aluminum coordination catalyst. A copolymer can be made with epichlorohydrin.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane through a reaction of trichloroethylene with HF, which comprises the steps of:(a) allowing trichloroethylene to react with HF in a first reactor to form 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane,(b) allowing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane to react with HF in a second reactor to form 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,(c) introducing the products of the above steps (a) and (b) into a first distillation column where the products are separated into a distillate containing 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and HCl as main components, a side-cut fraction containing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane and HF as main components and a bottom liquid containing HF as a main component and a small amount of trichloroethylene, and(d) introducing the distillate of the above step (c) into a second distillation column where HCl is recovered as a distillate and a 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane fraction containing small amounts of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane and HF is discharged from the bottom of the second dis

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination, in the gas phase, of perchloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising chrome oxides supported on AlF.sub.3 in the gamma and/or beta form.

Abstract: A halocarbon product made from the reaction of excess hydrogen fluoride with a halocarbon, containing excess hydrogen fluoride as an azeotrope is purified by fluorination in the presence of additional halocarbon or halo-olefin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for selectively producing alkyl halides from alkanes, such as methane and ethane at relatively mild temperatures and pressures in an organic liquid phase in the presence of halogen and transition metal complex. The alkane may be neat if in a liquid form, or may be solubilized with a suitable organic solvent, if the alkane not a liquid at reaction conditions. The reaction is for a time, under conditions of temperature and pressure and in effective amounts that will permit the formation of alkyl halides. Optional hydrolysis to the corresponding alcohols may follow. The alkyl halides have utility as precursors for alternative fuels, such as methanol.

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbon lubricant viscosity index improver compositions are disclosed having high shear stability. The compositions comprise the homopolymer or copolymer product of the oligomerization of C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 alpha-olefin or mixtures thereof, with or without ethylene as co-monomer. The process is carried out under oligomerization conditions in contact with a reduced valence state Group VIB metal catalyst on porous support. The viscosity index improver of the invention has a regio-irregularity of at least 20%, weight average molecular weight between 6,000 and 30,000 and molecular weight distribution between 2 and 5.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a class of arylcyclobutene monomers having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is aromatic, with the proviso that the carbons of the cyclobutene rings are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms on the same aromatic ring of Ar;and R.sup.1 is a divalent alkyl, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, or heterocyclic moiety;polymeric compositions containing these monomers; and articles containing said polymeric compositions.

Abstract: A process for the production of synthetic lubricants having high viscosity index by oligomerizing a mixture of alpha-olefins produced from the thermal cracking of slack wax or recycled slack wax. The oligomerization is carried out with a reduced metal oxide catalyst, preferably a carbon monoxide reduced chromium oxide on a silica support. The olefin product from the thermal cracking step is purified, preferably by hydrotreating prior to the oligomerization step.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for efficiently producing 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene used for the production of polyethylene naphthalate which comprises subjecting 2-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)butene and/or 2-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)butane as a starting raw material to cyclization dehydrogenation reaction by the use of a catalyst comprising a platinum component and at least one component selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals each being supported on aluminum oxide. The above process enables the production of the objective compound in a high yield at a low cost by using the catalyst having high safety and stability from the widely available starting material, thereby enhancing the industrial significance of the process.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of alkylated aromatic compounds by paraffin dehydrogenation and aromatic alkylation is disclosed. Aromatic by-products normally formed in paraffin dehydrogenation are selectively removed using at least one aromatics removal zone. Removal of these aromatic by-products significantly reduces the deactivation rate of solid alkylation catalysts. The improved process produces a detergent alkylate product that is significantly more linear than that produced by the prior art process.

Abstract: The process of this invention produces high-octane gasoline blending stock advantageously by treating light hydrocarbons mainly comprising of paraffins and/or olefins having 2 to 7 carbon atoms at a hydrogen partial pressure of 5 kg/cm.sup.2 or less and at a temperature of 350.degree. to 650.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst composition containing ammonia-modified crystalline aluminogallosilicates of high initial activity and long life obtained by contacting hydrogen type aluminogallosilicates with ammonia under a dry condition as catalyst component.

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic compounds, wherein a gaseous feed containing C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbons is reacted in the presence of a catalyst, which catalyst comprises as its catalytically active component a hydrotalcite-type material having in its uncalcined state the general formulaMe'(II).sub.z Me(II).sub.x Me(III).sub.y (CO.sub.3)(OH).sub.2(x+z)+3y-2.aqwith an X-ray diffraction (d003) greater than about 7.4 Angstroms, and whereinMe'(II) is at least one divalent metal selected from the Group comprising platinum, palladium, silver, ruthenium and iridium;ME(II) is at least one divalent metal selected from the Group comprising copper, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, nickel and zinc;ME(III) is at least one trivalent metal selected from the Group comprising aluminum, chromium and iron; andx, y and z are positive numbers satisfying the following relationships:(x+z)/y.gtoreq.0.5;0<z/y.ltoreq. 3; andx.gtoreq.0.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing 2-methylnaphthalene by isomerization of 1-methylnaphthalene in which a Y zeolite having a unit cell constant of less than or equal to 24.37 .ANG. (10.sup.-10 m) is used as an isomerization catalyst.Since the isomerization is effected by the use of the inventive heterogeneous solid catalyst which has a long catalyst life, 2-methylnaphthalene is produced from 1-methylnaphthalene efficiently with less cost and handling steps for regeneration or exchange of the catalyst.

Abstract: In the co-production of propylene oxide and styrene monomer, there is produced a sodium-containing heavy residue stream previously suitable only as a low grade fuel. In accordance with the invention, the heavy residue stream is contacted with acid having a molar concentration with respect to water above that which corresponds to the product salt solubility limit, and the resulting mixture is phase separated into an aqueous sodium salt-containing slurry phase and an organic phase reduced in sodium.

Abstract: This invention presents a novel MgAPSO molecular sieve, containing a critical range of magnesium in the sieve framework, which is particularly active for hydrocarbon conversion. The sieve advantageously is incorporated, along with a platinum-group metal, into a catalyst formulation which is useful for isomerization. When utilized in a process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes containing ethylbenzene, a greater yield of para-xylene is obtained compared to prior-art processes.

Abstract: A membrane of an oxidative conversion contact material of a mixed oxide of aluminum and at least one multivalent activator metal with the membrane permitting selective conveyance of a form of oxygen therethrough, as well as methods for the oxidative conversion of a gaseous hydrocarbon reactant using such membranes are provided.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of olefins of the general formula (CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 in which formula R is a hydrocarbyl group and p is an integer of at least 1, comprising reacting ethene with at least one additional alpha olefin of the general formula R--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 under oligomerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a first component which is a bis(cyclopentadienyl) Group IVA metal compound containing a substituent which is attached to the metal and which is capable of reacting with a cation, and a second component which is a compound having a bulky anion containing a plurality of boron atoms and which is substantially non-coordinating under the reaction conditions and a cation, and recovering an oligomeric product comprising linear olefins of the general formula R--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.dbd.CH.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks having a high dimer to trimer ratio from long-chain olefins. These synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by dimerizing linear olefins using a catalyst comprising a silica gel alkylsulfonic acid.

Abstract: A novel catalytic process involving complete hydrodehalogenation of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in the presence of a hydrogen donor and a modified zeolite catalyst has been developed. The process is operated in a continuous flow mode and reaction products consist exclusively of hydrogen halide and hydrocarbons. The relative ratio of paraffins to olefins to aromatics obtained in the product distribution is a strong function of the ratio of hydrogen to reactant and the space velocity and temperature employed. The catalyst employed is a nickel metal modified shape selective zeolite that takes advantage of the hydrogenolysis ability of nickel and the acidic-shape selective properties of the zeolite.

Abstract: Barium peroxide oxidizer, together with a transition metal from Group I, III, IV, V, VII or VIII or compound thereof is used as stoichiometric reagent in the oxidative dimerization of hydrocarbons having three or four carbon atoms. Barium peroxide oxidizer, together with a transition metal from Group I, III, IV, V, VI, VII or VIII or compound thereof is used as stoichiometric reagent in the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons having three or four carbon atoms.

Abstract: In one embodiment of this invention, a process for alkylating C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkanes (paraffins) with C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenes (monoolefins) employs a catalyst composition which has been prepared by heating a mixture consisting essentially of aluminum chloride, at least one metal sulfate (CuSO.sub.4, FeSO.sub.4, NiSO.sub.4, MgSO.sub.4, CaSO.sub.4 or combinations thereof), at least one inorganic refractory support material (alumina, silica, silica-alumina, aluminum phosphate, aluminum phosphate/oxide or combinations thereof), and at least one chlorinated hydrocarbon (preferably carbon tetrachloride). In another embodiment of this invention, a process for alkylating C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkanes with C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenes employs a catalyst which has been prepared by heating a mixture consisting essentially of aluminum chloride, aluminum phosphate, silica, and at least one chlorinated hydrocarbon (preferably carbon tetrachloride).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for separating conjunct polymers and sulfolane from a mixture containing conjunct polymers, sulfolane, and hydrofluoric acid comprising the sequential steps of:(a) separating hydrofluoric acid from said mixture to provide an intermediate stream containing less than about 30 percent hydrofluoric acid by weight;(b) gravitationally separating said intermediate stream into a sulfolane-enriched stream and a conjunct polymer-enriched stream;(c) contacting said sulfolane-enriched stream with a polar extraction solvent to provide an extract stream enriched in sulfolane and a raffinate stream enriched in conjunct polymers;(d) stripping the polar extraction solvent from said sulfolane-enriched extract stream; and(e) recovering sulfolane from said enriched stream of step (d).

Abstract: A process for separating a mixture of aluminum alkyl and alpha-olefin, said process comprising contacting a silica modified inorganic membrane filter with said mixture and recovering, as the permeate, an alpha-olefin fraction which contains a lower concentration of aluminum alkyl than in said mixture, as the retentate, an aluminum alkyl fraction which contains a higher concentration of aluminum alkyl than in said mixture.

Abstract: Described is a novel acid-soluble oil composition produced as a by-product from an alkylation reaction catalyzed by a sulfone-containing catalyst. Also described is a novel process for regenerating an alkylation catalyst which contains a sulfone component.

Abstract: A chromatographic process for separating normal olefins from mixtures with branched-chain olefins with a high silica zeolitic molecular sieve, e.g., silicalites, ZSM-5, etc., having low acid catalytic reactivity, which selectively adsorbs the normal olefins, and uses alkyl-substituted cycloparaffins, e.g., methylcyclohexane, as desorbents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for obtaining the hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon-rich gel based on an ionic surfactant by treatment of the gel with a laminar mineral.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of hydrocarbon-rich gels as a safe storage or transportation form for liquid hydrocarbons and to a process for the safe storage and safe transportion of liquid hydrocarbons, characterised in thata) the hydrocarbon is converted into a hydrocarbon-rich gel by addition of a surfactant and water andb) after storage or transportation has taken place, the hydrocarbon-rich gel is broken down again.

Abstract: A new class of metal-exchanged, metal-impregnated zeolite catalysts has been prepared for the oxidation of halogenated organics including chlorinated, fluorinated and chloro/fluoro hydrocarbons. These catalysts are supported or unsupported, comprising from 0 weight percent, hereinafter wt.%, to about 95 wt. % of a binder, from about 10 wt. % to about 95 wt. % of a metal-exchanged zeolite, and from about 0.2 wt. % to about 12 wt. % of an impregnating metal compound, said percentage being calculated as the metal loading on an oxide basis, where the metal in the metal-exchanged zeolite can be selected from the representative and illustrative group consisting of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mo, and Mn and the impregnating metal compound can be selected from the representative and illustrative group consisting of compounds of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Pd, and Pt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the decomposition of polyhalogenated aliphatic compounds having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, polyhalogenated cycloalkyl compounds having 5 to 8 carbon atoms and polyhalogenated aromatic compounds having at least 5 carbon atoms. A contaminated substrate or the polychlorinated compounds per se are heated with a suitable catalyst to 150 to 550.degree. C. The process according to the invention is especially suitable for the decomposition of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in soils, scrap loads and waste gases and for decontaminating filter dust from refuse and waste incineration plants.

Abstract: A process for treating organic phosphates, comprising(a) mixing a waste organic solvent mainly composed of an organic phosphate with an additive mainly composed of at least one of metal salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids represented by formula:(C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 COO).sub.m MwhereinM is K, Ca or Al, andm is a positive integer of 1, 2 or 3,(b) heating the resulting mixture, and(c) optionally burning the mixture to form stable solid containing phosphor content. The metal salts of aliphatic carboxylic acid are preferably metal salts of acetic acid such as potassium acetate, calcium acetate and aluminum acetate. Typical organic phosphate solvent is tributyl phosphate or a mixed solution of tributyl phosphate and benzene.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the field of the storage of toxic wastes, in solidified form, without the creation of any pollution, on appropriate artificial sites. Briefly, a concrete raft is cast on a ground stabilized in depth, said concrete raft being constituted by slabs having joints between them and being arranged in a diamond moulding. This raft can support a tight-sealing material. Wastes are then piled up on the raft in maintaining the shape of a tumulus-like mound, the positioning being done under the protection of a movable cover comprising a travelling crane provided with rolls of plastic film.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in which a plasma arc torch is used to vitrify and remediate a site containing contaminated soils, resulting from a hazardous material deposit or spill, or contaminated buried objects. The contaminated earthen material or subterranean deposit is pyrolyzed, melted or solidified by the plasma torch which is energized at the bottom of a cased, vertical borehole, and then gradually raised to the surface. An array of boreholes, appropriately spaced, will remediate an entire mass of contaminated material. Similarly, buried objects such as metal drums containing contaminants and underground storage tanks may be selectively remediated at their specific buried depth. Similar use is made of the plasma torch in a second embodiment with the additional step of processing at selected underground locations in the borehole array to create a sealed horizontal layer, vertical cutoff walls or a sealed basin as a barrier against further leaching of contaminants into surrounding soil and groundwater.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing sludge containing flyash and calcium sulfate formed by a lime or limestone scrubber increases the sludge particles to a size at which leaching of toxic metals from the particles no longer occurs at toxic levels. The sludge is dewatered and injected into the furnace in a manner to cause the flyash to soften and stick together. The agglomerated particles then fall into a bottom ash pit for removal as a common waste.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the cementitious encapsulation of waste materials and/or contaminated soils containing heavy metals, to render them immobile, and particularly to the immobilization of metals, in regulated amounts, in such wastes. A waste product comprising the metals is provided. A mixture is prepared comprising said wastes and/or contaminated soils containing heavy metals, water, and a cementitious composition. The cementitious composition comprises magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride in proportions effective to produce, with said water, a magnesium oxychloride cement. The cementitious composition is present in an amount which, on setting, is effective to immobilize the metals in said waste and/or contaminated soils. The mixture of waste and/or contaminated soils and cementitious composition is introduced to a disposition site, and allowed to set and harden at said site. The present invention is particularly useful for the remedial treatment of landfill sites.

Abstract: A molding composition containing, based on the total weight of the composition:A) at least 40% by weight of at least one halogen-free polycarbonate;B) 5-40% by weight of at least one halogen-free graft copolymer composed of;1) 40-80% by weight of an elastomer with a glass transition temperature below 0.degree. C., which elastomer is composed of, at least 50% by weight of a diene or of an at least C.sub.4 -alkyl acrylate, 1-40% by weight of a halogen-free phosphorus compound of the formula ##STR1## 2) 20-60% by weight of a shell composed of, 40-98% by weight of styrene, .alpha.-alkylstyrene, nuclear-substituted styrene and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-60% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile and/or maleic anhydride;C) 5-40% by weight of a halogen-free thermoplastic copolymer composed of, 50-95% by weight of styrene, .alpha.-alkylstyrene, nuclear-substituted styrene and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Butadiene is converted to ethylbenzene or styrene or both by contacting butadiene with a catalyst containing molybdenum.

Abstract: Mixtures composed of a mercaptomethylphenol of the formula ##STR1## in which n and R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are as defined in claim 1, and epoxidised fatty acids or fatty acid esters are suitable, in particular, for stabilisation of compositions which contain elastomers or tackifying resins or elastomers and tackifying resins.

Abstract: An inbred corn line, designated LH213, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of inbred corn line LH213, to the plants of inbred corn line LH213 and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing the inbred line LH213 with itself or another corn line. The invention further relates to hybrid corn seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line LH213 with another corn line.