Abstract: A bottom blade for a grass cutting unit is formed by bending a low carbon steel mounting plate to form a lip; welding to the lip a thin wear strip of high carbon steel and further bending the mounting plate to produce the required lip height.

Abstract: A mulching blade for rotary lawn mowers having a centrally-disposed mounting point and two cutting arms extending outwardly therefrom, each cutting arm having a leading edge and a trailing edge, the leading edge being sharpened to form a cutting edge for severing grass, at least one of the arms being angled downwardly from said trailing edge to said leading edge to induce grass clipping upwardly for subsequent engagement with the cutting edge of the second cutting arm in order to finely mulch the grass clippings. Each cutting arm is generally horizontally planar proximate to the cutting edge to allow for ease in resharpening.

Abstract: In the case of a spinning machine for the spinning of yarns from slivers which are fed in cans, the slivers are guided from the cans to the spinning stations by guiding devices which comprise several clamping devices arranged behind one another which transport the respective sliver. In some preferred embodiments, the clamping devices are constructed as drivable roller pairs. In other preferred embodiments, the clamping devices are clamping jaws carried on movable belts.

Abstract: A steel cord for reinforcement of rubber products composed of two material wires of a diameter of 0.25 to 0.40 mm and a carbon content of 0.75 to 0.88 wt % which are entwisted at a twist pitch of 9.0 to 16.0 mm and in open structure, with improved fatigue resistance, flexibility and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering a skein end of a thread wound on a reel to an apparatus for returning the skein end to a spinning machine. The apparatus for delivering the skein end comprises a device for unwinding a reel on which the thread is wound, a capturing device for capturing the skein end of the thread, a transferring device to transfer the thread from the capturing device to a device that returns the thread to the spinning machine, and a detecting device for detecting the presence of the thread in the transferring device. Another aspect of the invention generally features an apparatus for rejoining the skein end of a thread wound on a reel, the thread having been disconnected from the reel due to one of a plurality of different events. The apparatus comprises an unwinding device for unwinding the reel; a capturing device for capturing the skein end of the thread wound on the reel, a cutting device for cutting a portion of the thread captured by the capturing device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manipulator on a sliver can transport carriage which can travel along the spinning positions of a spinning machine to enable the manipulator to take up a leading end of sliver at a defined position on a sliver container and guide the sliver end to a sliver supply location of a spinning position.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for controlling the fuel quantity for an internal combustion engine having a catalytic converter and includes the steps of: determining the air mass flow inducted by the engine; determining a precontrol variable for the quantity of fuel in dependence on current values of operating variables of the engine; presetting a desired lambda value for the air/fuel mixture to be supplied to the engine; checking the actual lambda value of the exhaust gas forward of the catalytic converter; comparing the desired lambda value to the actual lambda value to form a comparison; controlling the fuel quantity in dependence upon the comparison; determining the oxygen actual charge level of the catalytic converter; comparing the determined actual charge level to a desired charge level; and, then, when the actual charge level is greater than the desired charge level, lowering the desired lambda value to below the value one; otherwise, when the actual charge level is less than the desired charg

Abstract: In a state in which the engine is unloaded and the number of engine rotation is low, an overlap period of time during which the intake valve and the exhaust valve are both open is extended during the cold time, as compared with during the warm time. The extension of the overlap period of time causes gases remaining in the cylinders to increase, thereby making the burning of the fuel slow and elevating the temperature of the exhaust gases to thereby elevate the temperature of the cylinder head of the engine. A variation in the number of engine rotation, particularly a decrease in the number of engine rotation, resulting from the increase in the residual gases can be prevented by increasing the amount of intake air. Further, the temperature of the cylinder head can be elevated due to an increase in the amount of the supplied fuel resulting from the increase in the amount of the intake air.

Abstract: A muffler-filter apparatus having a particulate trap using filter tubes with high temperature filter materials, like fiber in the form of yarn, woven yarn mat, or a non-woven, random array fiber mat, or various foams. Filter tubes have various structural configurations and are regenerated by axial propagation using ring heaters or stub rod heaters, by heating the entire length of the filter tube with a rod heater or some other full-length heater configuration. For regeneration, exhaust flow is bypassed using various valve configurations including a poppet valve, a shutter valve, or a tubular valve. Filter tube filters may also be self-regenerated by the heat from the exhaust gases as controlled by a throttle valve or on inclusion of fuel additives which lower particulate ignition temperature.

Abstract: An exhaust processor assembly includes an exhaust pipe and a substrate for treating emissions contained in combustion product emitted from an engine exhaust. The assembly also includes a second pipe for providing a passageway receiving combustion product and the substrate means is positioned in the passageway to treat emissions passed therethrough. The assembly further includes an apparatus for positioning the second pipe in the interior region of the exhaust pipe so that thermal transfer between the substrate and the second pipe is minimized in order to maximize retention of thermal energy by the substrate resulting from the combustion product traveling through the passageway.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold muffler having an exhaust manifold portion 10 and a muffler portion 20 integral with the exhaust manifold portion 10. The exhaust manifold portion 10 includes a plurality of manifold pipes 11 having parallel downstream ends which are spaced from each other and are arranged in a row. Each manifold pipe is connected to a respective cylinder of an internal combustion engine such that exhaust presssure pulsations from the manifold pipes operate as reflected waves opposite in phase, so as to damp the pressure pulsations. The muffler portion 20 has a first muffler chamber 22 and a swirl pipe 29 installed in the first muffler chamber 22. The manifold pipes 11 extend tangentially into the first manifold chamber to produce a swirl in the first muffler chamber 22. Part of the swirl enters an upper inlet end of the swirl pipe. The swirl pipe 29 has a lower outlet end which is located between the downstream ends of the manifold pipes 11.

Abstract: A regenerator for a fluid power system is arranged to control flow rates while converting pressure drops accompanying resulting changes in flow rates into useful work. A gang of displacers are incorporated into a fluid flow network that also includes an array of selectable flow paths through the displacers. A control system, responsive to changes in demand for the flow of fluid, selects among the flow paths to operate the displacers in various combinations as motors, pumps, and recirculators for dividing the flow of fluid into two variably sized portions. One portion of the flow is sized to match the demand for fluid flow, and the other portion of the flow is converted into useful work.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system has first and second actuators that can be selectively moved to a second operating position dependant upon the pressure of hydraulic fluid being simultaneously transmitted thereto through a common conduit. The force of the springs of the first and second actuators is selected so that when the pressure of the hydraulic fluid is at a preselected low pressure, only one of the actuators is moved to its second position and both of the actuators is moved to their second positions when the fluid is at a preselected high pressure. The use of a common conduit for carrying fluid to the actuators eliminates the expense and complexity of providing another flow path between rotatable parts of a vehicle.

Abstract: A method and device for regulation of the output power of a fluid power motor involving the bypass of a selected portion of the supplied pressure fluid to the motor exhaust as a means of effectively reducing the available pressure drop across the motor and thereby its power output.

Abstract: The guide portion of the cylinder of a Stirling cycle device is located at least partially within and is axially coextensive with the bellows thereby providing a reduction in the height/length of the piston, cylinder and bellows assemblies. The reduction is the distance between the guide surface and the top of the piston reduces the moment arm for canting.

Abstract: In a multi-stage cold accumulation type refrigerator including a compressor disposed at an ordinary temperature, a helium gas as a common operating fluid to be compressed by the compressor, and one or more expansion chambers and cold accumulators of different temperature levels; a cold accumulating member of the cold accumulators is formed of an alloy or compound containing a rare earth metal, so that the efficiency of the refrigerator can be improved. Further, a heat generation quantity due to sliding resistance of a seal is set to be smaller than a theoretical generated refrigeration quantity to be obtained on the assumption of isothermal expansion in the expansion chambers, so that the refrigerating capacity can be improved. The refrigerator is applied to a cooling device for cooling a superconducting magnet, SQUID, superconducting computer, infrared telescope, etc.

Abstract: A control apparatus for maintaining constant the temperature and pressure of the vapor phase in a very low-temperature controlled liquefied gas container includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, two electromagnetic valves, and a refrigerator. When operation of the refrigerator disturbs measurement at low temperature, the refrigerator is stopped. Gas vaporizes from a liquid phase, and gas is discharged from the container. In this manner, the temperature and pressure of the liquefied gas in the container can be maintained constant. After measurement, the liquid level in the container will be lowered by evaporation, so that the liquefied gas is supplied to the container. In this manner, the liquid level in the container can be maintained constant.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide gas collected from combustion exhaust gas or the like is transported in a liquefied gas state on the sea by means of ships up to a marine float installation provided with a throw-in pipe reaching to the deep sea, and then the liquefied carbon dioxide is thrown into the deep sea through the throw-in pipe.

Abstract: In a multi-stage cold accumulation type refrigerator including a compressor disposed at an ordinary temperature, a helium gas as a common operating fluid to be compressed by the compressor, and one or more expansion chambers and cold accumulators of different temperature levels; a cold accumulating member of the cold accumulators is formed of an alloy or compound containing a rare earth metal, so that the efficiency of the refrigerator can be improved. Further, a heat generation quantity due to sliding resistance of a seal is set to be smaller than a theoretical generated refrigeration quantity to be obtained on the assumption of isothermal expansion in the expansion chambers, so that the refrigerating capacity can be improved. The refrigerator is applied to a cooling device for cooling a superconducting magnet, SQUID, superconducting computer, infrared telescope, etc.

Abstract: In a method for preventing bacterial growth in a refrigerating or freezing plant for food, the plant (1 ) includes a substantially closed housing (2) and, arranged therein, a device (3) for refrigerating food in this housing, and has an operating cycle including a work period during which the refrigerating device (3) is active, and a rest period during which the refrigerating device (3) is inactive and the plant can be cleaned. The cleaning includes raising the temperature in the plant above a temperature requisite for killing bacteria. Furthermore, the air pressure in the plant is maintained higher than the ambient pressure, at least during the entire rest period, by supplying air free from bacteria. The plant (1) includes heaters for raising the temperature therein during a rest period above a temperature requisite for killing bacteria, and air supply devices (7, 8) for supplying the air free from bacteria.

Abstract: According to this invention, a liquid coolant circulating system includes a cooling tank, a discharge pump, a recovery pump, a heat exchanger, a detector, and a controller. The cooling tank is filled with a liquid coolant for immersing an object to be cooled. The discharge pump is arranged on an inlet side of the cooling tank and supplies a liquid coolant to the cooling tank at a predetermined flow rate. The recovery pump is arranged on an outlet side of the cooling tank and recovers a liquid coolant from the cooling tank. The heat exchanger is arranged on an outlet side of the recovery pump and cools a heated liquid coolant to a predetermined temperature and supplies a cooled liquid coolant to the discharge pump. The detector detects a value related to a pressure in the cooling tank. The controller controls the ability of the recovery pump in response to a detection signal from the detector.

Abstract: A load management control system is provided for an air conditioner. The system includes an outdoor temperature sensor for sensing outdoor temperature of the outside of an enclosure to be air-conditioned and an indoor temperature sensor for sensing an indoor temperature of the enclosure. A device is provided for determining a difference in output of the indoor and outdoor temperature sensors. A device is provided for comparing the difference in output of the indoor and outdoor temperature sensors with a reference input. The system further includes a device for detecting an external controlling signal from an input device coupled to the system. A control device is provided for controlling an air conditioner control circuit based upon input from the comparing device and the detecting device. When an allowable temperature differential is exceeded, the controlling device opens at least one contact to interrupt the air conditioner control circuit so as to reduce electrical load.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a refrigerant container in the form of a bag, or pouch, made from two sheets of multi-layer barrier film material which are heat sealed adjacent their edges to form a closed pouch which has an interior space. The bag may be connected to an access valve provided in a line of a sealed refrigeration system for capturing the refrigerant therefrom. The barrier film material is specially formulated to prevent outward permeation of a refrigerant and to prevent inward permeation of air. A valve system is provided for filling and emptying the bag.

Abstract: The ice dispenser 10 has disposed therein an ice bin 17 having an ice discharge port 17a at the bottom which can store a great volume of ice pieces. A fixed plate 29 having a plurality of openings 29a defined in one row not in vertical alignment with the ice discharge port 17a of the ice bin 17 is disposed below the ice bin 17. A measuring device 18 with a plurality of measuring sections, having predetermined dimensions and opening upward and downward, corresponding to the number of the openings 29a is disposed slidably between the ice bin 17 and the fixed plate 29. The ice pieces charged to the measuring sections 19 through the ice discharge port 17a are discharged therefrom and supplied to a plurality of glasses 12 positioned below the respective openings 29a by shifting the measuring device 18 so as to bring the measuring sections 19 immediately above the corresponding openings 29a.

Abstract: An outside section for a split system air conditioning unit. The outside section has a housing including a first side, a second side, a top, a bottom, a front, and a back. The housing also includes an air inlet located in a middle portion of the front, and an air outlet located in the first side. A first baffle divides the housing interior into first and second segments. The first segment includes the air inlet, the air outlet and a heat exchange coil located therebetween, and the second segment includes a compressor operably connected to the heat exchange coil.

Abstract: An absorption refrigeration system uses a solution and a refrigerant contained in the solution as working mediums.

Abstract: A washing machine has an entanglement detector. The detector detects forward load torque while a pulsator (water flow producing means) is being turned in a forward direction during one of the washing and rinsing operations as well as reverse load torque while the pulsator is being turned in a reverse direction. The detector calculates a difference between the forward load torque and the reverse load torque and determines that the washing are entangling with one another if the difference is greater than a reference value. The washing machine also has a disentangle unit for disentangling the washing if the entanglement detector determines that the washing are entangling.

Abstract: A clothes washing machine for washing clothes in boiling water comprises a tub enclosing a wash tank. The tub has an upstanding wall with a rim. A cover for the tub includes inner and outer downwardly projecting flanges forming a groove extending continuously around the periphery of the cover to prevent the escape of steam. The rim of the tub is tightly received in the groove. A water infeed line for the tub includes an enlarged chamber for relieving the pressure of incoming water to provide a smooth inflow of water.

Abstract: An automobile lock including a locking member provided with a locking core in the interior and a clamp for engaging a steering wheel on the outer side, a transmission member, an adjusting member, a telescopic rod extending through the adjusting member, provided with a universal joint connected with an insert plate, and having a plurality of teeth, and a gearing having a first gear disposed in the locking member, a second gear in the transmission member, a third and a fourth gears in the adjusting member, a slider between the third gear and the fourth gear, a fifth gear mounted on the other end of the slider, a sixth gear in said adjusting member, and a latch bolt at the other end of the sixth gear for engaging with a tooth of the telescopic rod, whereby the automobile lock may be used to lock the steering wheel as well as the cassette tape recorder.

Abstract: A gear select lever locking arrangement comprises a gear select lever with a position pin and a manual push button for moving the position pin into a predetermined notch of a position plate from a groove of the position plate after placing the gear select lever in a P (parking) position. When the position pin moves into the predetermined notch, a catch mechanism shifts from an open position to a catch position. In the catch position, a latch assumes a position to prevent the position pin from moving out of the predetermined notch. The catch mechanism is operatively connected to a blocking mechanism such that when the catch mechanism assumes the open position, the blocking mechanism assumes a blocking position wherein a key operated cylinder is blocked from rotating a predetermined position wherein a key is removable from the key operated cylinder.

Abstract: A safety lock for house doors and the like, adapted to be operated by a key having a front active profile (3), comprises an outer drum member (4), a cylindrical body (9) rotatably mounted with respect to the drum member and arranged within the latter and a number of safety plates (29) having notches (29a), housed internally to a cavity (13) of the cylindrical body and pivotally mounted around a pin (30). A tab (27) prevents, when the lock is locked, the rotation of the cylindrical body (9) with respect to the drum member (4). By inserting the key in the keyhole, the safety plates reach a reciprocal position which is such that the notches (29a) define a seat which receives the tab (27) thereby unlocking the lock. A cam member (33), which is tiltalble around the pin (30) and is urged by a spring (24), brings the tab back in the locking position when the key is withdrawn. By the oscillating arrangement of the safety plates (29) and the cam member (33), a lock of reduced axial bulk is obtained.

Abstract: Deep drawn, deep drawn and stretched, or extruded cylindrical aluminium containers are varnished internally and externally, provided with a twostage neck by drawing in and onto the neck is rolled a thread, followed by cutting to length. The drawing-in of the neck, thread rolling and cutting to size are performed with the same container setting. To improve the flexibility, adhesiveness and sliding characteristics, the varnish used is mixed with catalysts, plasticizers and/or lubricants. When the thread is rolled, the container neck is supported from the inside with a quasi-stationary screw-pitch gauge, while from the outside a thread roll is rolled over the neck surface and presses the thread inwards into the neck. The screw-pitch gauge and the thread roll are forcibly guided in such a way that a slip occurs between them and the neck material. As a result the varnish also remains intact in the vicinity of the thread.

Abstract: A method for making slender seamless steel mold is disclosed, wherein the outer surface of a solid slender male mold is first chased with concave and convex stripes. Then, the male mold is hardened and fitted into a hollow female mold which has not been gone through hardening process. Thereafter, a hydraulic pressure is exerted onto the outer surface of the female mold so as to impress the concave and convex of the male mold onto the inner surface of the female mold. Then the male mold is annealed and drilled with a longitudinal through hole. At least three longitudinal slits are cut on the wall of the through hole in an outward direction. Finally, the male and female molds are together heat-treated and put into water with normal temperature in order to create fissures at the slit portions of the male mold and crack the male mold into pieces. Consequently, a slender seamless steel mold having inner surface formed with concave and convex stripes is completely made.

Abstract: A force isolating machine tool. The invention is directed to a machine tool divided into two separate cooperating structures, a first frame structure for supporting and guiding a pair of tools to provide precision of movement and a second frame structure for transmitting reaction forces. The first and second frame structures are pivotally connected along the axis along which the tools move.

Abstract: A shaving system that includes a holder and a blade member secured to the holder. The blade member has an aperture that defines an annular sharpened edge with main facet portions that converge at an angle of less than 30.degree. and supplemental facet portions that are extensions of the main facet portions and define an ultimate tip defining portion that has an included angle of less than 30.degree.. The supplemental facet portions are offset in the same direction from the main facet portions each at an angle of less than 175.degree., the outer main facet portion defines a shaving plane, the ultimate tip is disposed above the shaving plane less than 0.1 millimeter, and the bisector of the included angle defined by the supplementary facets is disposed at an angle to the shaving plane in the range of 15.degree.-35.degree..

Abstract: A forging machine has four forging rams (2) supported by the machine frame (1) for movement radially towards and away from the system axis (5) in an X arrangement at 90.degree. to one another. Piston and cylinder units (12-15) on the machine frame each have a ram (2) as a constituent part and have a stroke corresponding to the working stroke of the ram. A crosshead (16) supports each piston and cylinder unit, and is adjustable (23-25) relative to the machine frame for setting the stroke position of the ram. An adjustable die holder (6) at the radially inner end of each ram adjusts a die (5) thereon in a direction transverse to the radial direction of the ram, so that the dies can be positioned with parts of their working surfaces overlapping side surfaces of adjacent dies to form a closed forging pass contour smaller than the working surfaces of the dies. Radially extending drive shafts (58) external to the rams and gear units (54-59) at the radially inner ends of the shafts adjust the die holders.

Abstract: In one embodiment the calibration device (1) comprises a housing (2) which by means of a removable lid (8) and a rupturable barrier layer (3) is divided into a calibration chamber (4) and a second chamber (10). The calibration chamber (4) contains a calibration fluid (5)--e.g. a dry gas--while second chamber (10) contains a second fluid (11)--e.g. a wetting agent. Immediately prior to a calibration process the lid (8) is removed, whereafter a sensor with its measuring surface in front is inserted through the second chamber (10) into the housing (2) until it abuts against a shoulder (6) in the housing (2). This causes the barrier layer (3) to rupture and the second fluid (11) to contact the calibration fluid (5). Hereafter the calibration process can take place. In another embodiment the device (1) further comprises a membrane (12) which is accommodated in the second chamber (10) and is adapted to be secured to the sensor during the insertion of the sensor into the housing (2).

Abstract: A gas leak sensor system detects the presence of gas leaking into any one of a plurality of test spaces for example, refrigeration gas into a refrigeration case. A plurality of tubes extend from each of the test spaces to a sensor location whereat a selector valve is connected to each tube. A controller actuates the selector valves to select tubes in a particular order and a vacuum source draws air and any leaking gas through a selected tube and through a gas sensor to activate an alarm. The gas sensor is purged at least each time a leaking gas has been sensed.

Abstract: The performance of platelets can be best understood by monitoring both the force development and the elastic modulus of the blood clot during both clotting and dissolution of the blood clot. Intermittent application and removal of a compressive force on a blood sample (8) positioned between a pair of plates (12 and 14) throughout clot formation and dissolution provides a standard for using voltage output from a transducer (22) to determine force and elastic modulus parameters. Force development arises from the internal actions of the platelets during clot retraction. Elastic modulus provides a measure of the stiffness of the clot. Clotting can be measured as an increase in force development and clot elastic modulus. Clot dissolution can be determined by a dramatic decrease in force development and in elastic modulus.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the wetting preference of particulate solids, for example sand, dispersed in a multiphase liquid medium having a continuous phase and a discontinuous phase, for example a water-in-oil emulsion. A dispersion of the particulate solids and the liquid medium is passed through an electroacoustical cell and the electroacoustical signal is measured for varying solids content. If the signal remains substantially constant this indicates a wetting preference for the continuous phase, whereas if the signal decreases this indicates a wetting preference for the discontinuous phase.

Abstract: Sensors are provided for monitoring the speeds of a turbine and a compressor interconnected by a shaft. Signals from the sensors are used to control the direction of counting of a counter. If the shaft is intact, the counter repeatedly counts up from and returns to zero. If the shaft breaks, the counter counts upwardly and a signal is given when the count in the counter exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: Inlet vortex ingestion is deterred when testing an engine (12) in a test cell (10). Ramp structures (26) are installed on the walls blocking 30% to 50% of the flow area. The apex (42) of these ramps is located adjacent the engine inlet (24) with the upstream faces (46) at about a 45.degree. angle.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement for an internal combustion engine so as to provide a signal when one cylinder of the engine is at a pre-determined position. The sensor arrangement includes an inductive sensor that is mounted directly in the cam cover of the engine and which cooperates directly with one of the cam lobes.

Abstract: A hinge assembly for a manual or automatic air brake valve test fixture that includes a secondary test plate to which a valve device to be tested is mounted from a front load position and then rotated to its usual side location for clamping to the primary test plate, thereby relieving the tester of physical strain encountered heretofore in mounting the valve in a side load position. The hinge assembly is spring-loaded to obtain even, face-to-face engagement of the mating surfaces of the primary and secondary test plates and thereby assure the integrity of the pressure seal therebetween.

Abstract: A system for measuring fluid flow through a plurality of holes in a part, such as an engine combustor part, comprises a hood, including a leak-resistant seal, the seal being capable of receiving or engaging an inner or outer side of the wall of the part; a pump or variable pressure blower coupled to the hood by a fluid flow line; a pressure sensor to measure pressure inside the hood; a controller coupled to the pump or blower to establish a predetermined pressure inside the hood in response to the pressure sensor, and a flow sensor in the fluid flow line to measure the fluid flow rate through the fluid flow line.

Abstract: A detecting circuit 10 has two diodes 16a and 16b for rectifying an oscillation signal for driving a vibrator of a vibrating gyroscope and a detection signal for detecting a rotary angular velocity of the vibrator in the directions reverse to each other. The diodes 16a and 16b are connected with two resistors 20a and 20b for composing these rectified signals. A connection point 21 of the resistors 20a and 20b is connected to a base of a PNP transistor 22. The emitter of the transistor 22 is connected to a positive potential and a collector thereof is grounded through a resistor Further, to the collector of the transistor 22, an output terminal 28 is connected.

Abstract: A head-gauge/tank-bladder device for measuring the pressure of liquid within a tank. The invention provides for measuring the tank pressure while maintaining the gauge isolated form the liquid within the tank. The invention is connects a gauge to a fluid filled tank through at least one threaded connection. On the other end of the tube, a bladder is attached. A liquid contained within the tubing transmits the tank fluid pressure to the gauge.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for measuring gravitational and inertial forces, magnetic fields, or wave or radiant energy acting on an object or fluid in space provide an electric tunneling current through a gap between an electrode and that object or fluid in space and vary that gap with any selected one of such forces, magnetic fields, or wave or radiant energy acting on that object or fluid. These methods and apparatus sense a corresponding variation in an electric property of that gap and determine the latter force, magnetic fields, or wave or radiant energy in response to that corresponding variation, and thereby sense or measure such parameters as acceleration, position, particle mass, velocity, magnetic field strength, presence or direction, or wave or radiant energy intensity, presence or direction.

Abstract: A device and a process are disclosed for driving a moving surface in a reciprocating motion in a plane, and having a magnitude A.sub.2. Two parallelograms are provided, which can be distorted in a plane perpendicular to the plane where the motion is carried out. Each of both parallelograms exhibits two parallel sides, one being common to both parallelograms and driven in a reciprocating motion having a displacement A.sub.1 =A.sub.2 /2, the other parallel side of the first parallelogram being stationary and the other parallel side of the second parallelogram being driven in a reciprocating motion having a displacement A.sub.2.

Abstract: A differential power transmission device used for digital audio tape recorders and video cassette tape recorders. The device comprises a connecting gear adapted to move vertically for selectively engaging with a driving pulley gear, so as to selectively transmit the rotation force of the pulley gear to a driven gear. A vertical pivot member is provided for vertically moving the connecting gear so as to engage it with the pulley gear, so that the driven gear is driven by the rotation force of the pulley gear transmitted via the connecting gear. With this arrangement, the rotation force of the pulley gear can be more surely transmitted to the driven gear, without any malfunction.