Abstract: An animal trap particularly suited for trapping moles. The trap has a frame formed by two interfitting bails or U-shaped members pivotally joined at their legs so as to form a pair of scissor-like clamps. The distal end of each leg of the U-shaped members has one-half of an animal gripping jaw which cooperates with an opposing one-half of a jaw on the distal end on the adjacent leg of the associated U-shaped member. A shaft extends between the legs of the U-shaped members. The opposite ends of the shaft are welded to the legs of one U-shaped member. The legs of the other U-shaped member are pivoted on the shaft. A pair of coil springs are mounted on the shaft the outer ends of which drivingly engage the legs which are pivoted on the shaft. The inner end of each spring drivingly engages a trigger lever which projects from the shaft. The driving torque exerted by the springs urges the jaw halves into their closed animal gripping condition.

Abstract: A netting of cords which are connected to each other by knots or in any other suitable way carries seedlings in the form of sprouted or unsprouted seeds which are confined in and/or otherwise at least partly embedded in and/or simply adhere to the cords. The cords can further carry particles of fertilizer and/or the cords can consist at least in part of decomposable material which then serves as a fertilizer for the seedlings. The netting is spread out over a selected piece of at least partially denuded flat, horizontal or hilly land and is or can be anchored to the ground. The thus applied netting is then watered and/or fertilized or is simply exposed to the elements to promote sprouting and further growth of the seedlings.

Abstract: An ebb and flow irrigation system wherein a plurality of plant growing receptacles are placed in a plurality of large protective containers positioned in the ground. The containers are connected to a pipe system including inlet and outlet valves communicating with a holding pond. By this construction and arrangement, irrigating water is supplied to the containers to irrigate the plant growing receptacles placed therein, and after a period of time, the water is drained from the containers and directed to the holding pond. The containers thus function as ebb and flood containers, whereby plants and trees can be commercially grown without wasting water and polluting streams, rivers and adjoining soils by run-off leach.

Abstract: A plant production bed is provided in which a slotted drain pipe extends longitudinally between a pair of slab components of a soaking bed. The slabs slope downward from their outer edges toward the slotted drain pipe, but are substantially level in a direction parallel to the slotted drain pipe. The slotted drain pipe is oriented horizontally. Because of the slope of the slab components, substantially less nutrient solution or water is required than in known flat bottomed systems. In a preferred embodiment, two complementary slabs are provided on opposite sides of a central swale and are tilted so as to provide a "vee" shape when viewed in cross-section, with the top of the swale being at the apex of the "vee". Several parallel soaking beds are arranged opposite sides of a central walkway under which a common flume pipe extends for providing nutrient solution or water to the beds or receiving same from the beds.

Abstract: A weather strip for an automotive back door includes a seal lip having a hollow therein. An appropriate portion of the outer side of the seal lip is projected toward a direction outward from a vertical direction relative to a seal plane of a vehicle body where the seal lip elastically contacts thereto. The projected portion is wedge-shaped to function as a drain lip.

Abstract: A lens surface former and polishing tool of one-piece construction and made, for example, of aluminium, aluminium alloy or a zinc-based alloy with one side surface of the block being of convex form and the other side surface of the block being of concave form, in which, projecting radially from the cylindrical peripheral surface of the main part of the block, is an annular flange or ledge which is interrupted at equi-distant points by four tapered location grooves or slots extending longitudinally of the tool so as to be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tool, the flange or ledge with its tapered grooves or slots thereby permitting the tool to be quickly mounted on holding means forming part of a lens-grinding or lens-generating machine.

Abstract: A method for texturing magnetic recording media substrates which have a thin-film metal or metal alloy coating plated onto a substrate using an abrasive composite bonded to a porous backing.

Abstract: The method of this invention eliminates the problems discussed above. First a resilient mask 12 is placed on the implant 10. The mask 12 includes openings 14 which form the design of the textured surface. Next the implant 10 with mask 12 attached is subjected to high pressure blasting with a erosive blasting media. Typically, this may be referred to as media blasting. Particles contacting the resilient mask 12 are bounced off or embedded in the masking material while protecting the implant. Particles passing through the openings 14 of the mask 12 contact the surface of the implant 10. Blasting is continued until a proper surface is achieved. After blasting, the mask 12 is removed. Portions of the implant 10 which were exposed are blasted away or textured, portions protected by the mask 12 are unaffected.

Abstract: Tweezers have two arms mounted on a spacer with a barbed tip at the other end of the arms. The tweezers are sharpened to the barbed tip with a belt sanding apparatus, which includes a holding device for positioning the tweezers on the belt sanding apparatus. A magnifying lens may be mounted on the spacer and positioned over the barbed tip to assist in sighting the foreign object to be removed.

Abstract: Support apparatus including a framing member for supporting at least one panel of a wall assembly and for supporting a structural member projecting outwardly from the framing member and the panel.

Abstract: An improved WATER DEFLECTOR is fitted into a glazing pocket of the vertical frame member so as to fully extend between the opposed marginal faces and be coplanar with the opposed marginal faces of the vertical frame member. When a horizontal frame member is assembled with the vertical frame member, the water deflector and the opposed marginal faces of the vertical frame member fully seal off the hollow horizontal frame member, the water deflector never interfering with the assembling operation.

Abstract: A post system having a capability for aligning and maintaining a post thereof to a vertical attitude during installation that consists of a post adjustable mounting which, in one embodiment, is a pair of interactive tapered washers for arrangement as a stack, and in a second embodiment is a ball segment and seat, with both of which embodiments for clamping together utilizing a single bolt fastener for arrangement between a ground stake top surface and a post bottom end or post insert base. The relative positioning of which tapered washers to one another or the positioning of the ball segment in the seat to provide an off-set from a straight line through which post adjustable mounting, allowing the post itself or the post insert to be angled relative to the top of the ground stake.

Abstract: A window grill assembly includes a window frame having a window opening therein. A grill frame is positioned on one side of the window opening, and retaining frame is positioned on the opposite side. The grill frame includes one flange which engages the front surface of the window frame, and the retaining frame also includes a retaining flange which engages the rear surface of the door frame. A second grill flange extends into the window opening and engages a second retaining flange also within the window opening. The second grill flange and the second retaining flange are secured together to hold the grill frame, the window frame, and the retaining frame together.

Abstract: A non-progressive modular partition wall assembly has particular advantages for use in a clean room. The assembly includes several basic elongated framing members which may be modified for a variety of uses. The modular partition wall assembly may be constructed into different orientations and with different types of wall systems. Modifications are possible without major wall reconstruction. The framing members include an open channel with receptor arms for receiving mounting means such as nut and bolt combinations. A disclosed framing member has both an open and a closed face, and a fence extending outwardly from an outer surface of the closed face. The fence and outer surface define a sill to receive an edge of a panel. The fence may be removed if full facial contact between the inner surface of the panel and outer surface of the closed face of the framing member is desired. Various retainers may be used to secure a panel to a framing member.

Abstract: A light-weight, high-strength beam member for use in concrete form assemblies. A sheet material is roll-formed into a hollow beam having a trapezoidal transverse cross section. In assembly, a plurality of beam members are attached to a supporting metal concrete forming structure in a parallel, spaced-apart relation. Sheeting or decking is attached to the plurality of beam members by hand driven nails which penetrate a top section of the beam members.

Abstract: There is fixed, on a wall, a section member having a substantially U-shaped portion provided with an upper leg extended by a lug formed with a window adapted for setting in position an appropriate retaining member in a position chosen on the wall. A vertical central zone of the U-shaped portion is provided with an opening through which passes a rotatable retaining member having an inner screw thread and a front portion provided with a thinned-out zone adapted for retaining a nut. A threaded rod is screwed into the retaining member and terminates into a flattened portion through which extends a vertical channel adapted for receiving a pin that maintains by penetration a lower lining panel board and an upper lining panel board. A counter nut is provided to lock the threaded rod on the retaining member.

Abstract: An anchoring apparatus is provided for securing a first beam to a structural member, including a first plate having a middle section, two end sections, and two ends, each end section being divided into adjacent strip portions by at least one cut extending to one end, a first strip portion at each end section being bent essentially perpendicular to the middle section, for receiving between the first strip portions the first beam, a second strip portion, and a structural member engaging portion extending essentially perpendicular to the middle section oppositely from the first strip portion, for engaging the structural member; a second plate having openings for receiving the second strip portions, and extending adjacent to the first beam, and a mechanism for fastening the second plate to the first plate.

Abstract: A synthetic fire resistant and flame retardant shake shingle suitable for roofing construction is formed of a water-extended polyester resin that has been molded to the shape of a shake shingle and dried to form a semi-rigid, cellular lightweight structure containing a filler of fiberglass pieces substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the cross section of the molded and dried polyester resinous structure. In one embodiment, the ratio of polyester resin to fiberglass pieces to water in the molding formulation is about 3 to about 2 to about 5.5. In an alternative form of the invention, the fiberglass pieces are replaced with a coarse fiberglass mat impregnated with the polyester material to form a core of the resulting shake shingle.

Abstract: A wrapper for a floral grouping formed from a sheet of material having a closure bonding material on a portion thereof. The sheet of material is wrapped about the floral grouping with the closure bonding material securing the sheet of material in a wrapped position about the floral grouping to form the wrapper. A top flap is folded over an open upper end of the wrapper and connected to the wrapper to prevent the floral grouping from shifting in the wrapper and extending out from the open upper end of the wrapper. In one form, a bottom flap is connected to the wrapper and extends over an open lower end of the wrapper to prevent the floral grouping from shifting in the wrapper and extending out from the open lower end of the wrapper.

Abstract: A cover for use with a flower pot having a floral grouping disposed therein. The cover includes a sheet of material having a sheet extension connected to an outer peripheral surface thereof. The sheet of material is formed into a pot cover for covering the flower pot and the sheet extension extends over the floral grouping.

Abstract: A trash compactor having a single inlet and multiple parallel outlets a single ram mechanism for servicing all of the outlets. a semi-circular ram chamber and a pie-shaped ram which is connected to the ram chamber at the center of the semi-circular diameter. The outlets are disposed on either side of the center point so that when the ram is moved in a pivotal compacting motion the material is pushed out the outlets into rigid containers, bags or the like. The ram driving mechanism can be a yoke and parallel piston-cylinder mechanism, a gear rack and spur gear or pinion driven by a pair of piston-cylinders or a gear reduction motor whose output shaft is connected to the ram to provide the compacting motion. A sensing device such as a photo-electric eye can be placed in the compactor with its beam traversing the inside of the body.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for packaging asphalt, which includes liquid cooling means, such as a pool or water sprayer, and an elongated flat conveying surface, such as the surface of a conveyor belt, for transporting asphalt molds into said liquid cooling means after said asphalt molds have been lined with plastic and filled with hot asphalt.

Abstract: A wrapping apparatus which comprises:means for supplying a band-like member,means for stretching the band-like member in at least lateral direction thereof, the lateral stretch means comprising a unit for running the band-like member to spread out the member so that it forms a sector (an unfolded fan) and a unit for detachably gripping the regions (or margins) of the band-like member respectively near the opposite widthwise ends thereof so that they are detachable from the running unit, andmeans for winding the stretched band-like member around an article for the wrapping thereof.As one embodiment of the present invention, a method for wrapping an article with said wrapping apparatus is disclosed.

Abstract: In order to be able to produce packages economically and when the package design results in undercuts being provided in a deep-drawing tool for its manufacture, a simple and practical solution for the movement of the lower parts in each of the required work stations is advantageous. These lower parts are generally vertically movable in order to be able to easily open the mold. An inclined opening of the mold or rather removal of the lower part is achieved according to the invention in such a manner that between the lower part of the tool and the lifting device for facilitating its vertical movement there is provided a carriage guide which enables also an easy horizontal movement. A guide pin fastened on the carriage guide is part of a guide system which controls a desired forced inclined guided opening of the mold. The guide system can be used in deep-drawing tools, sealing tools and similar ones.

Abstract: A steering probe for controlling the steering of an agricultural vehicle along a path corresponding to a crop row includes a yoke pivotally mounted to the vehicle and having arms extending downwardly on opposite sides of the crop row. The yoke is pivotally mounted adjacent its upper end for pivotal movement about a horizontal axis. A sensor is connected to the probe adjacent its pivotal mounting to the vehicle, and senses the rotational position of the yoke. The lower ends of the yoke engage the opposite sides of the crop row, and the yoke pivots from its neutral position about the pivotal axis whenever the vehicle becomes misaligned with the crop row. The sensor senses the rotation of the yoke and causes the vehicle to be steered to compensate for the misalignment with the crop row.

Abstract: A lawn mower for use in a walking mode and a riding mode, having a chassis frame, an engine mounted on a rearward position of the chassis frame, front wheels, driven rear wheels, transmissions for transmitting drive from the engine to the rear wheels after varying speed of the drive, a grass cutting unit suspended from the chassis frame, a driver's seat mounted on the chassis frame, and a handle post supporting control levers for controlling the transmissions. The handle post is pivotable between a first position for the walking mode in which the control levers are disposed rearwardly of the chassis frame, and a second position for the riding mode in which the control levers are disposed adjacent the driver's seat. The handle post includes a vertical post portion extending laterally of the lawn mower, and a horizontal post portion curved from the vertical post portion to extend transversely of the lawn mower. The control levers are provided on the horizontal post portion.

Abstract: Device for cutting, picking up, and for temporarily storing grass or similar products with a view to transporting the stored product to a site for further processing. The device is integrally mounted to a vehicle so that it may be moved over an area of grass to be cut. The device includes a cutting head to cut and to take-up the lawn clippings. The cutting head is connected to first and second transfer pipes utilized to direct the cut grass to the interior of a storage enclosure. A turbine is horizontally mounted under the storage enclosure between the first and second transfer pipes and is dissociated from the cutting head. The turbine provides suction inside the first pipe so that cut grass may be moved from the cutting head toward the turbine. A turbine wheel with blades moves the cut grass tangentially into the second pipe which is integrated with the storage enclosure so as to direct the flow of cut grass into the enclosure.

Abstract: A composite crimped yarn comprising: at least two kinds of multifilament yarns, one of them being comprised of a crimped conjugate multifilament yarn comprising two kinds of polyester polymers different from each other in the heat shrinkability and positioned as a major component of the inner layer of the composite crimped yarn, the other of them being comprised of a crimped multifilament yarn of a single synthetic polymer and positioned as a major component in the outer layer of the composite crimped yarn. In the above, the length of the crimped multifilament yarn is 5 to 35% larger than that of the crimped conjugate multifilament yarn, part of the crimped multifilament yarn being migrated to the crimped conjugate multifilament yarn disposed in the inner layer and part of the crimped conjugate multifilament yarn being migrated to the crimped multifilament yarn disposed in the outer layer.

Abstract: Flexible tension member includes a helical bundle of substantially identical elongate elements. Each element inside the bundle is in contact with six adjacent elements, and the lay length of the helical bundle is at least 30 times its diameter. Each element is a strand including wires extending helically around the axis of the strands and substantially all of the strands have a helical lay direction opposite to the helical lay direction of the bundle.

Abstract: Method to provide a novel false twisted slub yarn by combining a core yarn and an effect yarn in a fluid tangling zone. The linear velocity of the effect yarn is raised to allow slubs to be produced in the combined yarn in an air jet apparatus. The slub yarn is then run through a commingling air jet after formation of the slubs to commingle the lean portion of the yarn between the slubs formed to prevent a strip back of the yarn during weaving and/or knitting.

Abstract: A reverse stranding apparatus for the reverse stranding of conductors. The apparatus comprises a stationary divider plate, a twisting plate rotatable in different directions, and a central element disposed between the parts, and peripheral tubes surrounding the central element, the central element and the peripheral tubes being pressed against each other at least during the twisting step of the conductors, and the conductors to be stranded being adapted to pass through at least the peripheral tubes. To allow high speeds of rotation, the peripheral tubes are connected substantially for their entire length to the central element by a substantially radial part.

Abstract: An indexing apparatus for a track press machine moves and positions a track chain assembly into and out of the work area of the track press machine. The indexing apparatus includes upper and lower indexing portions, each having a powered drive mechanism for contacting and driving the track chain assembly. Fluid operated cylinders apply a force between the drive mechanisms and the track chain to prevent slippage. Fluid motors power the drive mechanisms to positively and continuously move the track chain. The indexing cycle is automatically controlled for fast and consistent work operations.

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant has coolant injected into the combustors in order to reduce the level of nitrogen oxide produced by the combustion of natural gas fuel and/or oil. A control system controls injection of coolant into the combustors in order to reduce NOx emissions, while improving turbine cycle efficiency and avoiding the possibility of over-injection of coolant to the point of flame-out in the combustor. PID controllers are used to provide percentage error bias in the control system, whereby adjustment of coolant injection follows turbine load in a manner that increases turbine efficiency.

Abstract: A method of safely controlling a burning of a fuel gas in a combustor in response to the pressure change in a fuel gas sealed in a fuel gas passage between a fuel gas supply source and the combustor communicated with the fuel gas supply source, the method comprising the steps of sealing a fuel gas in the fuel gas passage before supply to the combustor prior to the start of the operation of the combustor, detecting a pressure change in the fuel gas sealed in the fuel gas passage, controlling the supply of the fuel gas to the combustor in response to a signal representing the detected pressure change, and interrupting start of operation of the combustor when a pressure change in the sealed fuel gas is detected prior to the start of the operation of the combustor. Abnormal burning such as an explosion due to fuel gas leakage is prevented.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus comprises a combustion chamber disposed about a central longitudinal axis and means to separately introduce oxidant and fuel into the combustion chamber such that when ignited, the resulting diffusion flame swirls about the central axis and exhibits characteristics of a premixed flame. The asymmetric nature of the flame components introduction allows the combustion to be conducted stably at a fuel rich or fuel lean condition and if desired, to extinguish the flame. The fuel oxidant ratio can be reduced such that nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced. Great combustion stability obtained at low equivalence ratios and elimination of possibility of flashback are achieved in the new process and due to the spinning flame, combustion is completed in very short distances.

Abstract: A counterrotating turbine support assembly includes outer and inner rotors having respective outer and inner blades disposed in an outer casing. A mid-frame is disposed forwardly of the rotors and fixedly joined to the outer casing. A rear frame is disposed axially aft of the rotors and is fixedly joined to the outer casing. A forward support shaft is joined at one end to a forward end of the outer rotor and is rotatably supported at an inner end to the mid-frame by a forward bearing. An aft support shaft is joined at one end to an aft end of the outer rotor and is rotatably supported at an inner end to the rear frame by an aft bearing. An intermediate support shaft is fixedly joined at one end to the inner rotor and is rotatably supported at an inner end to the mid-frame by an intermediate bearing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the disassembly of an ultra high bypass turbine engine having an outer engine portion and an inner engine portion. A plurality of fan blades and acoustic panels are removed from the inner portion of the engine. The outer portion of the engine which includes a plurality of fan outlet guide vanes and fan casing are disconnected from the engine and axially removed. Certain outer portions of the engine including a hinged thrust reverser and hinged fan cowling may be coupled to an aircraft pylon and used interchangeably with replacement engines.

Abstract: A bypass valve assembly includes an outer casing and a spaced outer liner defining an annular bypass channel for channeling bypass air. The outer liner includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots around which are positioned an annular valve body. The valve body is positionable from a closed position substantially blocking bypass airflow into the slots to an open position uncovering the slots. Positioning means rotates and translates the valve body over the outer liner for covering and uncovering the slots.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and an arrangement for monitoring deterioration of lambda probes in the context of a two-probe control. The signal of the lambda probe forward of the converter functions to control the lambda controller and the signal of the lambda probe rearward of the converter influences the lambda controller via an actuating variable and the degree to which the controller is influenced operates for monitoring of the probe forward of the converter. With this method and arrangement, the quality and deterioration of the lambda probe forward of the converter are advantageously detected and, if required, an alarm signal is generated.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has an engine control for processing a number of measured values received over measurement lines, converting the measured values into control data for operating the engine and carrying the control data over engine feed lines to the engine, for instance for controlling at least one of fuel injection, air delivery and ignition with the control data. A method for controlling the internal combustion engine includes directly measuring a temperature of walls or structures of a catalytic converter disposed downstream of the engine, supplying a value of the temperature to the engine control over at least one data line, processing the value of the temperature in the engine control along with other measured values and using the processed value to control the engine. An apparatus for controlling the engine and for monitoring the temperature of the catalytic converter includes at least one temperature sensor integrated on or in walls or structures of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for oxidizing hydrocarbons in gases exhausted from an internal combustion engine 10. The method comprises passing exhaust gases, during initial operation of the engine, through a hydrocarbon trap 24, where the hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases are adsorbed before the gases are exhausted into the atmosphere. After a catalyst 16 is heated to the light-off temperature for hydrocarbons, the gases are prevented from passing through the hydrocarbon trap 24 and are passed through the catalyst 16 before being exhausted into the atmosphere. When the engine 10 speed is at steady state, such that the oxidation of hydrocarbons by the catalyst 16 is at peak efficiency, a portion of the gases exiting the catalyst 16 is diverted to pass through and flush hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon trap 24 while the remaining gas is exhausted into the atmosphere. The diverted gases containing the flushed hydrocarbons desorbed from the hydrocarbon trap 24 are then passed through the catalyst 16.

Abstract: Device intended to improve the working of a catalyst (3) placed in the exhaust manifold of an internal-combustion engine, said exhaust manifold consisting of a tube (2) opening on one side into the collector (1) collecting the combustion gases coming from the cylinder(s) and covering with the other end thereof said catalyst (3).According to the invention, the device comprises:at least one pipe (8) inside said tube (2), having a first end (81) which opens in proximity to said catalyst (3), anda means (10) intended to selectively close the intertube volume (9) delimited between said inner pipe (8) and said tube (2) as a function of the temperature of the exhaust gases flowing onto said catalyst (3).

Abstract: A three element fluid torque converter has a variable pitch stator. The stator blades have two principal orientations, closed and open. The blades are biased toward the closed position by a spring loaded annular piston. In the closed position, the blades block approximately 75% to 90% of the annular area between a stator core and a stator shell. An inlet angle for the stator blades is between 30 degrees and 70 degrees in the closed position. This combination reduces creep torque without any significant increase in driveline noise and vibration when the engine is idling. As engine speed and torque are increased, the blades overcome the spring bias to rotate to the open position thereby increasing the torque transmitted to effectively propel the vehicle.

Abstract: Paper drive unit instability that includes a variable displacement hydraulic motor (34), a rotary output (48), and a displacement controlling wobbler (36, 40) in the case of an aiding load can be avoided through the use of a double acting hydraulic actuator (42, 44) connected to the wobbler (36, 40) along with a control valve (30) including a single spool (80) connected to the motor (34), and wobbler control pilot valve (62) and to the actuator (42, 44) for a) controlling the speed and direction of rotation of the motor output (48); and b) controlling the actuator (42, 44) to maintain minimum displacement of the motor 34 when an aiding load occurs. System optimization can be achieved by changing the differential pressure setting in response to the available system pressure.

Abstract: The displacement of a variable displacement hydraulic pump (1) which is driven by a diesel engine (27) is so controlled as to be set to a first target displacement to keep a pump pressure higher than a load pressure by a predetermined target value, or a second target displacement to limit an input torque on the basis of the pump pressure. Provided is a stand-by flow rate control portion (65) which outputs a third target displacement larger than the minimum value of said first target displacement. The displacement of the pump (1) is controlled so as to be set to the third target displacement when the third target displacement is output from the stand-by flow rate control portion (65).

Abstract: A two cycle, preferably diesel, engine has a turbocharger with an exhaust driven turbine and supplemental mechanical drive maintaining a fixed minimum turbine/engine speed ratio with fuel efficient freewheeling (fully exhaust sustained) turbine operation at higher speeds and loads. A turbo boost system provides freewheeling turbine operation at intermediate speeds where it might or will not otherwise occur. When an intermediate speed is reached at which freewheeling can be sustained but is not occurring, the system1) temporarily increases engine speed to a predetermined higher level to accelerate the turbine and increase engine air flow,2) increases engine fuel input to a higher level capable of sustaining freewheeling, and3) reduces engine speed to the selected intermediate speed while maintaining a fuel input level adequate to maintain turbine freewheeling. Methods and means for providing and controlling intermediate speed freewheeling operation are disclosed.

Abstract: A combustion system for a gas turbine engine provides a reaction limiting means for preventing the combustion process within the combustion chamber of the engine from proceeding towards completion by limiting the reaction rate or duration of the reaction process sufficiently such that a clean combustion gas is produced having substantially less carbon particles than for a combustor effective for essentially complete combustion. The invention also provides an efficient method of removing carbon deposits which do form by controlling the combustor shutdown technique in such a way as to cause the carbon to be oxidized. The preferred embodiment provides an aircraft emergency power unit having a high pressure air storage tank, an aviation fuel storage tank, and a combustor with a reaction limiting means which combusts pressurized air and aviation fuel in a fuel rich ratio to produce a motive combustion gas in a reaction limiting means.

Abstract: A premix gas nozzle has longitudinal tangential entrance slots to a cylindrical chamber. There is an axially increasing flow area toward the chamber outlet, with pilot fuel centrally introduced near the outlet. A lean mix low NOx fuel nozzle is thereby stabilized.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle for the combustor of gas turbine engines includes evacuated radial and axial bellows concentrically mounted to the fuel passages to prevent coking of the fuel passages and maintain the structural integrity of the integral parts and particularly the weld joints and the method of construction is disclosed.

Abstract: A hot gas generator includes a dual fuel injector (42) having spaced fuel discharge nozzles (48, 60) on the longitudinal axis (28) of a vessel (18) having a narrow inlet (22), an opposite narrow outlet (14) and an intermediate, enlarged chamber (24) which serves as a combustion chamber. The nozzle (60) injects a spray cone (64) of fuel in a cone angle that is sufficiently wide that a large angle exists between the fuel spray and the path (54) of high velocity combustion gases moving toward the outlet (14) to achieve excellent vaporization of fuel at fuel rich conditions without causing carbon buildup and/or the generation of black smoke in the exhaust.