Abstract: A method and apparatus to refrigerate air in a compartment wherein liquid CO.sub.2 is delivered through a first primary heat exchanger such that sufficient heat is absorbed to evaporate the liquid carbon dioxide to form pressurized vapor. The pressurized vapor is heated in a gas fired heater to prevent solidification of the pressurized carbon dioxide when it is depressurized to provide isentropic expansion of the vapor through pneumatically driven fan motors into a secondary heat exchanger. Orifices in inlets to the fan motors and solenoid valves in flow lines to the fan motors keep the vapor pressurized while the heater supplies sufficient heat to prevent solidification when the CO.sub.2 vapor expands through the motors. CO.sub.2 vapor is routed from the second heat exchanger to chill surfaces in a dehumidifier to condense moisture from a stream of air before it flows to the heat exchangers.

Abstract: A thrust reverser for a long duct mixed flow fan jet engine having a nacelle formed by a fixed forward structure surrounding the fan, a rear fixed structure and a translatable inner and outer cowl therebetween, the nacelle surrounds the engine and forms a long by-pass duct therewith, a common actuator fixed to the translatable cowls to simultaneously displace them over the rear structure, blocker doors coupled to the inner translating cowls for deployment during thrust reversal into the by-pass duct into a blocking position to divert the airflow through the cascades placed into an opening uncovered when the translatable cowls are axially displaced.

Abstract: A low noise power plant (100) for providing thrust to a missile (102) having a solid fuel propellant (104) for generating a pressurized gas. A turbine (106) converts the pressurized gas to rotary motion and a drive shaft (108) transfers the rotary motion to a load (110). In a preferred embodiment, the power plant (100) is utilized to drive a projectile (102). A solid fuel stick (104) located within a combustion chamber (112) is ignited and burned to provide pressurized gas which is directed to the turbine (106) via an exhaust tube (114). The pressurized gas is at a relatively low pressure and volume which minimizes the generation of noise. The turbine (106) and the drive shaft (108) are each rotated by the pressurized gas. The gases expelled from the turbine (106) are near atmospheric pressure which further minimizes the generation of noise. The power of the rotating drive shaft (108) can be converted to useful power by a speed reduction gearbox (140).

Abstract: A thermal management system for a propulsion engine of a supersonic or hypersonic aircraft is provided that uses a single flow of endothermic fluid as engine fuel and as a heat sink for engine cooling. The system includes a plurality of heat exchangers in flow series arrangement. Each heat exchanger has a reactor portion, containing a catalyst, in heat exchange relation with a heat source portion. The single fluid flow flows through each of the reactor portions and heat source portions. The heat for the reaction in the reactor portions is provided by the fluid in the heat source portion which as a result is cooled. This cooled fluid is then reheated by flowing it past a hot portion of the engine after which the fluid can flow to another reactor portion or to the engine's combustor where it is ignited.

Abstract: A method of detecting catalyst malfunction in a vehicle uses an exhaust gas oxygen sensor downstream of the catalyst. A feedback loop controls the air-fuel ratio as a function of the output signal from the exhaust gas oxygen sensor. The feedback gain is increased from low gain to high gain and then operational parameters are examined. In a first version the amplitude of the exhaust gas oxygen sensor is used as an indication. In a second version, the amplitude of the exhaust gas oxygen sensor reaches a predetermined limit and then the feedback gain is examined. In a third version, limit-cycle operation is reached and the frequency of the limit-cycle is examined with respect to a predetermined frequency.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system includes a transition metal/zeolite first catalyst, a three-way second catalyst, and a noble metal-type third catalyst arranged in that order in the direction of exhaust gas flow in an exhaust conduit of an internal combustion engine capable of fuel combustion at lean air-fuel ratios. NOx which has not been purified by the transition metal/zeolite first catalyst is oxidized by the three-way second catalyst into NO.sub.2, which the noble metal-type third catalyst can easily decompose into N.sub.2 and O.sub.2.

Abstract: A torque converter has an axial type reactor that is disposed between a turbine and an impeller at an inner end to form a toroid. The reactor blades have leading edges that slant toward the turbine in the radially inward direction and form an angle with an inner shell ring that varies between 60.degree. and 90.degree.. The leading edges also slant circumferentially so that radial lines intersecting the respective connection points of the leading edge with the inner shell ring and an outer core ring form a central angle that varies between 5.degree. in one direction and 12.degree. in the other direction.

Abstract: A fluid coupling has capacity coefficients in forward and reverse driving which can be arbitrarily selected to comply with demand for a wide variety of characteristics in accordance with the intended application. Pump blades Bp and/or turbine blades Bt are inclined in the direction of rotation of pump impeller P and a turbine runner T with inclination angles .theta..sub.2p and .theta..sub.2t with respect to normal lines Lp and Lt of the pump and turbine, respectively. Transfer of working fluid between the pump impeller P and the turbine runner T is thereby smoothened or suppressed in accordance with the inclination angles .theta..sub.2p and .theta..sub.2t, and thus the capacity coefficients in both forward and reverse driving can be arbitrarily selected and fixed.

Abstract: The invention is an improvement in a control system having first, second and third sources of fluid at differing pressures. The improvement comprises a tripath pressure selector network connected to the first and second sources. A pressure-sensing device connects the network and the third source when the third source is at a predetermined minimum pressure. The invention has particular utility in mobile construction machinery having, e.g., steering, implement and brake hydraulic circuits, at differing pressures. In one embodiment, the third source is a brake hydraulic circuit. The improvement helps assure that adequate pilot pressure is available for a "downstream" pilot control valve.

Abstract: A remote compensation valve (20) through which pressurized fluid from a master cylinder (14) is communicated to the wheel brakes (24, 26) of a vehicle. The compensation valve (20) has a housing (200) with a bore (202) therein for retaining a shuttle piston (210). The shuttle piston (210) has a first land (212) separated from a second land (214) by a groove (216) and an axial bore (218) connected to the groove (216) by a radial bore (224). A first spring (250) carried by the piston (210) urges a poppet valve (244) toward a seat (230) to control the communication of pressurized fluid through the axial bore (218) to an outlet port. A second spring (254) located in the housing (200) urges the piston (210) toward a rest position where the first land (212) engages a pin (234) of a tilt valve (232) to establish communication between the source of fluid and the bore (202) and the poppet valve (244) is seated on the piston (210) to prevent communication through the axial bore (218).

Abstract: A rotary power transformer employing the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine as the fluid medium for transforming pressure into a rotative motion. It includes a circular housing and a central hollow driven shaft extendable through and rotatable relative to the housing. A central rotor of generally cylindrical shape has a plurality of equispaced vanes on the outer periphery thereof. A rotor boss is nestably received at opposite sides of each vane of the rotor. The rotor side walls are fixed to the driven shaft. An outer stator circumscribes and is in spaced relationship with the rotor for defining a circular expansion chamber between the stator and rotor and has a plurality of equispaced inwardly facing vanes defining on the inboard periphery of the stator.

Abstract: A charging control apparatus including means for shortening a running-up period of the second turbocharger with an exhaust bypass valve when an instant engine speed is low, so that torque shock during the transition from one-turbocharger-operation to two-turbocharger-operation is decreased. During rapid acceleration at high engine speeds, an exhaust switching valve is opened at once. Further, the reference engine speed and the reference intake air quantity for switching to two-turbocharger-operation are varied in accordance with the shift gear position, so that an optimum switching to two-turbocharger-operation is obtained.

Abstract: The magnetic ice cube works without a freezer or a refrigerator, and can be stored for indefinite periods at room temperature without losing its cooling potential. The cooling element of the magnetic ice cube consists of an air evacuated sealed heat exchange chamber containing water. The water will boil at low temperature and absorb heat from its environment, if the vapor generated by the boiling water is removed. This is accomplished by a desiccant placed in a separate chamber. The vapor passes through a tube, into the chamber containing the desiccant which removes the vapor. The top portion of the tube is placed in the desiccant chamber, is flexible, and communicates with its environment through a hole in a rubber lined inside magnet. During storage of the device, a force of attraction between the inside magnet and an outside surface magnet causes the inside magnet to press against a rubber layer lining the top inside surface of the desiccant chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for maximizing the recovery of argon at high argon recovery rates from an air separation system having a high and low pressure distillation column containing multiple distillation stages of rectification and having a sidearm column for argon recovery. A compositional measurement is made of a process variable at one or more preselected stages of rectification which have been identified as exhibiting high sensitivity to plant process variations. The total nitrogen content in the argon feed may then be computed by simulated mathematical correlation from such compositional measurement.

Abstract: The throttling sensitivity of a demand flow cryostat may be controlled and stabilized by selectively exposing refrigerant to the surface of a sensor which actuates a refrigerant throttle valve. The sensor is formed of a plastic material such as high density polyethylene which has a high coefficient of thermal contraction.

Abstract: A process is set forth for producing a krypton/xenon enriched stream directly from the main air distillation column in a cryogenic air separation process. A column bypass is suggested in the bottom few trays of the low pressure column in order to concentrate krypton and xenon in the sump while rejecting the majority of methane in the gaseous oxygen product.

Abstract: A central air conditioning unit with a blower and feed duct is provided with a filter unit between the blower and the air outlet into the space applied with the conditioned air. The filter unit has both a sorption filter and a suspended filter and is constructed and arranged to form a sound barrier, i.e. a sound-damping or sound-blocking system.

Abstract: A "DX" heat pump is provided herein which is based on the principle of providing optimal heat exchange in the heating mode through three parallel ground loops, two of which can be cut off from the system and evacuated of refrigerant in the cooling mode. The loops are designed in terms of volume so that the refrigerant charge is correct in the heating mode when split in three loops and also correct in the cooling mode when only one loop is used, but it contains the full system refrigerant charge.

Abstract: Provided is a purge apparatus for removing foreign non-condensable gases from a refrigeration system. The purge apparatus includes a closed purge chamber adapted to receive foreign gases together with a portion of the refrigerant from the high pressure region of the refrigeration system. The purge chamber is cooled to condense the refrigerant. During a Purge Mode, the purge chamber is isolated from the refrigeration system, and gases and a portion of the refrigerant in the purge chamber are vented to a gas separation tank. Adsorbent material in the gas separation tank adsorbs refrigerant and the other gasses are vented from the gas separation tank to the atmosphere. During a Quiet Mode, condensed refrigerant is drawn from the purge chamber to the low pressure portion of the refrigerant system, and a vacuum is drawn on the gas separation tank and the gas separation tank is heated to draw refrigerant from the adsorbent material.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an integral air-conditioner of which an indoor portion and an outdoor portion are connected elastically, the air-conditioner includes an indoor portion (1), an outdoor portion (3), and a means for elastically connecting the indoor portion and outdoor portion integrally. The integral air-conditioner according to the present invention retains all the advantages exhibited by the window air-conditioner and the divided air-conditioner in the prior art, meanwhile overcomes their drawbacks. The integral air-conditioner according to the present invention can be easily mounted and maintained, and has a lower noise intensity which is only 1/2 of that of the window air-conditioner in the prior art. The air-conditioner according to the present invention is an ideal air-conditioning apparatus.

Abstract: An insulated bottle container which is characterized by a flexible enclosure having an inner insulation layer and a stiff bottom to facilitate freestanding and shock resistance. Elastic is provided in the neck and body portions of the enclosure to ensure a tight fit around a bottle, can or other container placed in the enclosure. At least one, and preferably a pair of refrigerant pockets are provided in the body of the enclosure to receive refrigerant capsules that may be frozen to provide cooling of the bottle, can or other container in the enclosure. One or more handles may be attached to the top portion of the enclosure for carrying purposes.

Abstract: A portable refrigerant recycle unit is disposed adjacent to a recycle (reclamation) unit for receiving excess or waste heat discharged therefrom. Liquid and gas refrigerant (e.g., freon) flow from the unit being evacuated to a heat exchanger. A fan draws discharged heat from the reclamation unit across the fins of the heat exchanger. Liquid freon flowing through the heat exchanger is vaporized as it is heated by the air drawn by the fan containing the heat discharged from unit. Gaseous freon flows from the heat exchanger to an oil seperator. Freon vapor then flows from the oil seperator through a filter to the recycle unit output. The reclamation unit condenses the recycle unit output of vapor freon to a liquid. The liquid freon flows from the output of the reclamation to a refrigerant receiver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing an insulated wrap intended for wrapping any desired item in order to maintain a given temperature, either hot or cold, for the desired item. The method basically consists of providing a die having a plurality of cavities each of which has evacuation means associated therewith, placing a flexible thermoformable film over the die and evacuating the cavities thereby to thermoform the film and create multiple pouches in the film material. The pouches are then filled with a eutectic chemical compound consisting of potassium chloride solution, and then overlying the pouch-filled film with an insulated sealing film. The insulated sealing film consists of a polyethylene film co-extruded to a layer of closed cell polyolefin foam. The sealing film acts as a thermo barrier. The wrap is completed by providing fastening means at opposed ends of the wrap in order to permit the wrap to be fastened about any desired item for temperature maintenance purposes.

Abstract: A neckwear knot enhancer comprising a detachable display device mounted on the anterior portion of a support. The support is retained on a neckwear knot solely by frictional forces on the posterior portion of the support.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for laundering and treating garments or fabrics with an oxidizing agent. The apparatus includes a housing having a chamber containing a barrel mounted for rotation. A door is provided for placing the garments or fabrics into the chamber. Associated with the housing is a venturi mixer for introducing an oxidizing gas and a liquid into the chamber and a value for removing liquid from the chamber. Controls are is provided to selectively permit a washing, extracting and abrading cycle.

Abstract: A door security system is used in conjunction with a lock such as a deadbolt lock having an "inside" located actuating handle, of the type used in hotel rooms, having a major and a minor dimensional axis. The security device has a baseplate that fits beneath the faceplate of the lock and which can be oriented during installation in relation to the shaped actuating handle of the lock. The baseplate of the security device extends eccentrically off center and supports a pivot post that carries a latch locking plate. The locking plate is pivotally supported on the pivot post, for pivotal rotation thereabout, and has an arcuate passage off-set from the pivot post, in use to receive the lock actuating handle. In use, with the baseplate installed beneath the faceplate of the lock and the lock handle rotated to extend the bolt, the locking plate may be rotated about the pivot post, swinging the arcuate passage over the lock handle in immobilizing relation therewith.

Abstract: In an upsetting press for reducing the width of rolling stock, particularly for reducing the slab width in hot-rolled wide strip roughing mills with tool carriers, which are disposed on either side of the slab edge and accommodate pressing tools, in order to improve the pressing process, the upsetting press has, in the region between the pressing tools, at least one height-adjustable retaining roll above and at least one below the slab, that driver rolls are disposed in the inlet and outlet regions of the upsetting press above and below the slab and the retaining rolls and driver rolls are provided with internal cooling.

Abstract: A bending machine, capable of accurately bending a workpiece to a desired angle while protecting the workpiece from damage, comprises an upper die fastened to a ram, which is movable vertically and acts in cooperation with a stationary table to fix a workpiece to be bent, a bending blade selection arm which can be vertically swung by a bending blade selection cylinder and to which a downward bending beam and an upward bending beam are fastened in such a manner that the downward bending beam and the upward bending beam are able to swing while being vertically separated from each other, a downward bending blade for bending the workpiece downwardly when the downward bending beam is swung by a downward blade swing cylinder, and an upward bending blade for bending the workpiece upwardly when the upward bending beam is swung by an upward bending blade swing cylinder. Therefore, the upward and the downward bending blades do not rub the workpiece.

Abstract: Shaped metal parts are produced on a continuous basis from a semi-solid metal perform. A plurality of free-standing metal slugs are sequentially heated within an arcuate path defined by a pair of concentrically-positioned solenoid coils to a semi-solid state, such that they may be shaped into a metal part. Means for rotating the slugs during their movement through the arcuate path is also provided.

Abstract: A forging machine has a machine frame (1), radial forging rams (2) each adapted to carry a die (5), distributed angularly in a common working plane around the system axis (5); radial pressure-fluid piston (12) and cylinder (11) units on the machine frame, each with its cylinder forming or connected to a respective ram and having a stroke corresponding to the required ram stroke; and crossheads (15) mounted adjustably on the machine frame and each supporting the piston of a respective piston and cylinder unit. The stroke position of each ram is adjustable by adjustment of the crosshead towards and away from the system axis. A flange (19) is provided on each cylinder (11) and, a ring (17) extends around each ram, at the radially inner side of the flange (19), and is connected to the adjustable crosshead. Ram return piston and cylinder units (20,22) are disposed between the ring and flange.

Abstract: A wheelable cooler includes a cooler body and a pair of wheelgear assemblies. The cooler body is generally boxlike in form, and the wheelgear assemblies include a U-shaped handle, with extension arms extending from a crossbar. The wheelgear assemblies also include fender assemblies, each including a fender body that carries a wheel. A mounting member extends from the fender body at a selected angle, with a handle extension arm is slidably carried in each mounting member. The handle is movable between a retracted position in which the extension arms are inserted into the mounting members, and an extended position in which the extension arms are only partially inserted into the mounting members. Detent assemblies lock the extension arms in the retracted and extended positions. A support rod joins the fender assemblies, extending through each fender assembly and carrying the cooler body.

Abstract: A method for detecting bubbles in a liquid characterized by the steps of: a) flowing a liquid through a chamber; b) allowing bubbles in the liquid to escape within the chamber; and c) sensing the gaseous volume within the chamber to determine whether any gas bubbles were present in the liquid. An apparatus of the present invention includes a sealed chamber, a pump for pumping a liquid through the sealed chamber, and a mechanism for detecting gaseous accumulation within the chamber. The mechanism for detecting gaseous accumulation preferably includes a floating device having a float portion and a magnet portion, and a magnetic detector for detecting the magnetic field strength generated by the magnet portion. The magnetic field strength can be used to calculate the liquid level within the chamber which can, in turn, used to calculate the gaseous volume within the chamber.

Abstract: A method to determine the amount of blast furnace slag in a slurry sample. The slurry is preferably a drilling fluid or a wellbore cement slurry. The method comprises correlating the amount of hydrogen sulfide released from acidified slurries with the amount of blast furnace slag in the slurry and acidifying the sample and determining the amount of hydrogen sulfide released from the acidified sample.

Abstract: An ultrasonic gas measuring device including a housing, end walls for the housing, the end walls having a gas inlet and a gas outlet provided therethrough, ultrasonic detecting means provided within the housing means, the ultrasonic means having a transmitter, operatively mounted on one end wall, and a receiver, operatively mounted on the other end wall, arranged at spaced locations within the housing, the housing incorporating gas processing means for dividing the gas flow at least at some instance during its flow through the housing, electronic circuitry functioning to detect and generate a signal in cooperation with the ultrasonic detecting means representative of the concentration of gas passing through the housing, the electronic means also generating a reference signal corresponding to the electronic signal delivered to the ultrasonic means, a phase shift provided within the electronic circuitry and effecting a shift of one of said signals to furnish an aligned phased relationship between the two signal

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to evaluation of the aroma of aroma-emitting substances, such as agricultural grains and oil seeds, in a safe and quantitative way. This is accomplished by causing a known volume of non-toxic gas to pass through the aroma-emitting substance, absorb the aroma, and deliver it to an evaluator. This enables the evaluator to sniff the aroma and thereby make gross quantitative evaluations with respect to the strength of any particular odor of the substance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pressure testing a large vessel utilizing a base enclosure having a base ring of the same diameter as the pressure vessel. The base enclosure includes a base plate welded to the base ring and beams under the base plate for supporting the weight of the base enclosure as well as the portion of the vessel to be tested. The vessel is fabricated in or divided into half portions with each portion being connected to a base ring for separate testing. This eliminates the excessive weight that would be experienced if the vessel were to be pressure tested as one unit, particularly in the case of hydrotesting where the vessel is filled with water.

Abstract: A leak detection cable for detecting aqueous based liquids that contain a surfactant is composed of an insulated wire conductor (1 and 2) wrapped with a water resistant yarn (3) and a braided second conductor (4).

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing lubricating oil is disclosed in the form of a test medium upon which an oil sample is placed, and comparative visual indicia which the user consults to provide a qualitative analysis of the oil sample. A method for the use of the apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is a dynamic cone penetrometer for measuring soil shear strength which includes an elongated cylindrical rod having a tip end and a handle end. An anvil portion is mounted to the rod at a selected distance from the handle and a penetrometer tip having a conical free end is secured to the tip end of the rod for engaging the soil or sample. A two weight drop hammer having a cylindrical through bore is slidably mountable on the rod at the handle end for striking the anvil with a selected force when released from a fixed distance from said anvil. The drop hammer is formed in two parts including a cylindrical core portion of a first diameter, and a cylindrical support portion extending from the core portion to a second diameter. The second weight has a through bore and is sleevable over the core for engaging and resting upon the support portion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for comparing torsional stress/strain states of a power transmitting member of an internal combustion engine to detect an abnormal combustion condition, including misfire, knock or roughness. Statistical processing steps may be used to detect an abnormal combustion event including: calculating a mean and standard deviation for a set of signals related to the torsional stress induced in the power transmitting member, calculating a difference between a later signal and the mean, calculating a ratio of the difference to the standard deviation, and comparing the ratio to a threshold. The ratio so obtained from a given cylinder may further be compared with one or more other such ratios from other cylinders. In other words, the autocorrelation and/or cross-correlation techniques may be used. A magnetostrictive sensor may preferably be used to obtain the signals relating to the torsional stress in the power transmitting member, such as the engine crankshaft.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for detecting ply defects in a pneumatic tire, measurements on the tire are obtained at two levels of tire inflation, and the data obtained in the two measurements are compared. Broken reinforcement cords in the tire cause changes in the peaks of the data obtained at the two inflations that are out of proportion when compared to data changes observed in non-damaged tires. The apparatus of the invention provides means for inflating tires to predetermined pressures and has displacement sensors for measuring peaks and valleys in the sidewall of a tire. The apparatus may also include a computer for collecting data, analyzing data, and providing a signal when a defective tire is recognized.

Abstract: A multi-component measuring disc wheel for vehicles is provided in which an annular measuring disc is held on an auxiliary flange of the specially designed rim by means of a plurality of stud bolts parallel to the axis. The stud bolts act as measuring cross-sections and are equipped with strain gauges. The measuring disc is held at a distance from the auxiliary flange and has spoke-type measuring webs which are also equipped with strain gauges. The inner edge of the measuring disc is bolted to a pot-shaped wheel adaptor which compensates for the axial distance between the measuring disc and the normal axial position of the bolt-on flange of the wheel disc of a conventional vehicle wheel and matches in the bolt-on region the bolt-on flange of a conventional vehicle wheel disc. A signal transmission device is rotatably mounted in or on the wheel adaptor and the stationary part of the signal transmission device is fixed by means of a movable linkage which is, however, fixed in the peripheral direction.

Abstract: Lateral vibrations of drillstring bottom hole assemblies are confirmed by sensing longitudinal and torsional accelerations or displacements of the drillstring at or near its top end during rotation and determining the lateral critical speed and displacement of the drillstring from the mode shape of the bottom hole assembly which occurs during forward synchronous whirl and longitudinal shortening of the bottom hole assembly resulting from such whirl. Lateral motion of the bottom hole assembly, while drilling, is estimated based on longitudinal and torsional measurements at the top of the drillstring. Radial displacement of the bottom hole assembly due to impacting of the borehole wall imparts a torsional impulse which, together with considerable radial motion, is repeated each revolution. The lateral or radial motion causes a small axial motion to develop in the bottom hole assembly which results in an axial force on and axial shortening of the drillstring which varies once per revolution.

Abstract: The specification discloses an apparatus for assessing the ingress of air into a steam system which includes a steam condenser having an exit, a vacuum pump arrangement for maintaining the exit under a partial vacuum, and pipework connecting the exit to the vacuum pump arrangement. A pitot probe is positioned at a first monitoring point in the pipework to sense the total dynamic and static pressure of the entire flow in that pipework. A second probe is positioned at a second monitoring point which is displaced from the first monitoring point and adjacent the exit from the condenser, to sense the static pressure and temperature at that second monitoring point. An indication of the amount of air flowing past said first monitoring point is derived from the total pressure, the static pressure and the temperature, which are measured at the first and second monitoring points.

Abstract: A thermal flowmeter to measure the rate of flow of a fluid in a conduit is provided. An important characteristic of the flowmeter is that it includes two radial junction thermocouples, one of them a downstream radial junction thermocouple and the other an upstream radial junction thermocouple. A heat source to supply heat to the conduit and fluid is provided. The heat source supplies heat preferentially to one of the radial junction thermocouples, preferably to the downstream one. The differential output of the two radial junction thermocouples is measured and is an index of the rate of flow of the fluid. Compensating temperature sensing means is provided to measure the base or process temperature of the fluid before it is affected by the heat source, to provide a base for the differential output. The flowmeter can be constructed in many different embodiments. A method of measuring flow, mass flow and viscosity using radial junction thermocouples is provided.

Abstract: A mass air flow sensor (MAFS) is disclosed wherein silicon members carrying a resistive film are bonded to a glass substrate and extend out over an air flow opening through the glass substrate. The silicon members may be either bridges across the air flow opening or cantilevered beams having one end bonded to the substrate and a second free end. Silicon frames around the air flow opening can also be provided, to which an environmental seal can be formed. A novel method of making such sensors includes providing the glass substrate with the air flow opening therethrough and aligning thereover a silicon wafer selectively passivated to define the silicon member(s) and any frame element. The glass and silicon wafers are bonded and subsequently anisotropically etched, after which the resultant bonded and etched assembly can be employed in accordance with known mounting techniques.

Abstract: A milk flow meter having a measuring chamber which is connected to a milk supply conduit, the measuring chamber communicating with a discharge chamber and a milk sump at the lower end thereof. A calibrated milk discharge opening is provided between the measuring chamber and the discharge chamber and a milk suction conduit is connected to said milk sump. An additional rinsing conduit is provided, the upper end of the rinsing conduit leading into the discharge chamber and/or the measuring chamber essentially on the level of the upper end of the measuring chamber and the other end of the rinsing conduit being adapted to be connected, with the aid of an adjustment means movable between a measuring position and a rinsing position, essentially exclusively to the milk suction conduit in the rinsing position.

Abstract: A low cost phased array sonic transducer is described in which an array of transducer elements separated by spacers are held within a frame which applies a compressive force transverse the length of the elements.

Abstract: A multi-axes gyroscope, a single axis gyroscope and a three axis accelerometer are formed on a single semiconductor substrate, along with and MPU. The gyroscopes provide sensing for rotation about three mutually orthogonal axes and the accelerometer provides sensing of acceleration along the three axes. The MPU controls and drives the gyroscopes and accelerometer and provides a continuous indication of position.

Abstract: A semiconductor sensor for an accelerometer including a beam portion, consisting of a thin beam portion and a thick beam portion and supported by a solid member through the end of the thin beam portion, and a stopper portion provided at a position on an imaginary line along which a center of gravity of the thick beam portion moves. These components are integrally formed in a silicon substrate. Excessive displacement of the beam portion when excessive acceleration is applied is effectively suppressed by the stopper portion, and breakage of the thin beam portion due to excessive acceleration can be avoided.