Abstract: Ingot-type semiconductor single crystals having diameters of more than 200 m can be sawed into thin wafers using an annular saw if the crystal is fed towards the cutting edge of the annular saw while rotating around its longitudinal axis. The method includes having a wafer sawed out in this way until a residual joint is created between a wafer and the end face of the ingot. Ingot and wafer are finally separated by means of a residue separation technique which leaves behind various central material projections on the ingot and the wafer. Particularly suitable for residue separation are torsion separation and separation by a wire saw. This procedure reliably prevents the frequently observable, uncontrollable breaking-off of the wafer in the final phase of the annular sawing if this is exclusively used as the method of separation.

Abstract: An inflatable sanding drum used for a drill or a lathe to said a wood has a cover between an abrasive member and a rubber bladder which defines an air chamber of the roller. Thus, even if the abrasive member is worn out by the friction with the wood surface, the rubber bladder is protected from damage. When the cover is damaged, it may be replaced with a new cover thus reducing the risk of damage to the rubber bladder.

Abstract: A fire barrier is provided for use in connection with a structural wall having a hole through which a thermoplastic conduit normally extends. The barrier includes a housing having a side wall extending around the hole and the conduit, and defining an interior space extending between the conduit and the housing. A first end of the housing is attached to the structural wall, and the opposing end is closed around the conduit. A first support matrix is provided within the housing adjacent the second end, and defines a plurality of voids extending radially between the conduit and the side wall of the housing. A second support matrix provided adjacent the first axial end defines a plurality of longitudinal voids extending in a direction substantially parallel to the length of the conduit.

Abstract: A repositionable roof, for a stadium building, comprising at least two opposed ungular segments in abutting relationship, the segments being mounted each on an arcuate track and movable thereon for separation of the segments to expose the interior of the building thereby selectively providing an open air stadium.

Abstract: A system of self-sufficient isolated incarceration for housing and rehabilitating inmates comprising dwelling units, each sufficiently secured with barriers such as fences and monitored to prevent escape or injury. The dwelling includes facilities for day-to-day self-sufficiency, including such things as utilities, furniture, and utensils to enable the inmate to be responsible for such things as preparation of food, clothing needs, and the maintaining of the dwelling and the surrounding exterior area. Communication capabilities are provided, such as telephone, radio, and television to enable the inmate to participate in educational, social, entertainment and therapeutic activities.

Abstract: A substrate having a bead of a moisture and/or gas pervious adhesive having a desiccant therein is shaped to provide U-shaped spacer stock. The spacer stock is bent to provide a spacer frame having continuous corners.

Abstract: A unitary molding or corner piece for drywalling applications includes a flange mounted at a right angle to a rectangular panel of a width selected to extend and position the flange so that the flange may receive the end of a wall panel and be nailed to a frame stud. In a second embodiment, a molding including a flange and panel surrounds the window and the window frame contains a conforming slot for receiving and holding the edge of the panel.

Abstract: The invention of rapidly erectable housing units providing a number of properly shaped and interfitting wall sections. Beside the wall sections the units include interlocking or laid-uproofing applied to truss rafters. interlock to the erected walls. The wall sections are provided with structural base plates and headers for interlocking the walls into sturdy non-rackable condition to maintain the stability of the unit. The interfit of the wall sections may be in several forms such as matching, slotted grooves to afford sliding connection between sections and may also include mortise and tenon arrangements on the ends of sections with the tenon passing through the mortised area for the attachment of a locking element on the extending end of the tenon as well as the mortise position. The mortise and tenon arrangements, particularly at corner areas of the unit may include a plurality of interfitting elements rather than a single arrangement which will allow for more secure joining of the sections.

Abstract: A self-supporting facade component in sandwich construction, composed of at least two self-supporting layers and at least one interposed insulating layer, is metal-free, the self-supporting layers being composed of fiber-reinforced concrete and the layers being positively fixed to one another by non-metallic fixing means (preferably plastic anchors).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for attaching sheets of wallboard to an EPS side panel and concrete wall assembly. A metal fastener strip is positioned against the outer surface of the outwardly facing side panels with its upper edge a predetermined distance below the ceiling line, prior to pouring of the concrete. Nails are pushed through longitudinally spaced-apart holes in the metal strip with their tips projecting well into the cavity defined between the opposed side panels. The concrete, when placed and cured, captures the nails, creating a mechanical connection to the metal strip. After the concrete is placed and cured, an adhesive is spread over the outwardly facing panels and the sheet of wallboard is placed in position. The wallboard is secured to the panels by hammering self-tapping drywall screws into the metal strip. The holes in the metal strip are countersunk to define a concentric recess around each hole, the metal strip being pushed into the side panels so that the recesses project into the panels.

Abstract: A wedge for use with tie rods in maintaining a predetermined spaced relation between opposed forms prior to and during the pouring of a concrete wall in the space between the forms incorporates a ramp portion which includes an elongated keyhole slot for receiving a tie rod therethrough, and the portions of the ramp bordering this slot are especially formed to reinforce them against deflection or collapse under the loading applied thereto from the head of a snap tie rod supported thereon and also to provide concave self centering capability and smooth surfaces to avoid nicking.

Abstract: The present invention describes a unique wall construction and spacer for use by unskilled labor in such construction. The wall comprises a plurality of blocks arranged in layers one above the other, each of the blocks having first and second sides, an exterior face, an interior face, a top and a bottom, and at least one cutout extending through the block between the top and bottom. The tops of adjacent blocks in each layer are adapted to be located in a common plane and each block is adapted to be separated from an adjacent block in the layer by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: The floor system comprises spaced parallel horizontal planks, each including a metal inverted channel comprising a deck member having two spaced depending structural flanges and two laterally projecting edge channels thereon, each having a depending leg and an in-turned lower leg with a slot between each lower leg and the adjacent structural flange. U-shaped connectors extend between the planks and have upturned flanges with in-turned hook members received in the slots and interlocking with the edge channels. Soft rubber-like cylindrical stops are tightly fitted into the slots adjacent opposite ends of the connectors to prevent sliding movement thereof. Each inverted channel has a heat insulating resinous plastic cushioning cover with a top wall over the deck member, side walls enclosing the depending legs, and in-turned horizontal flanges clamped to the lower legs. Depending drip lips extend along the lower edges of the side walls of the cover.

Abstract: An improved strength and decoration window grid system is provided for a window having a sash and at least one window pane. The system consists of a mechanism for connecting vertical extruded profile bars to horizontal extruded profile bars to form a strong grid pattern. The ends of the vertical extruded profile bars and the ends of the horizontal extruded profile bars are secured to the inner sides of the sash against the at least one window pane of the window to divide the window pane into a plurality of lights. This will substantially increase strength to the window to prevent twisting, horizontal load pressure and vertical load pressure thereto, while giving real optical enrichment to the window.

Abstract: A tool for accurately positioning an electrical box on a wall stud in a building. The tool is preferably embodied by a strip of generally rigid material having a set of indentations for positioning the electrical box at any of several locations along a wall stud. The dimensions of the indentations are preferably such that the electrical box will not protrude beyond mounted drywall.

Abstract: Method and installation for packaging a palletizable load (20), in which the constituent elements (21) of the load (20) are positioned on the pallet in several levels or layers of palletization by a palletization member, wherein :a sheet (9) of a material having non-slip properties is inserted between each level of palletization; andthe peripheral strapping of the load is carried out by a microcreped stretchable paper tape.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for molding a parison of thermoplastic material to form a container with an inwardly extending flange around the container closure. The container body portion is filled with product through an access opening. An insert article serving as the container closure is then positioned within the access opening. The parison is radially compressed inwardly against the insert article to form a bead of thermoplastic material contiguous with the insert article. The bead is then permanently deformed against the insert article axially in the direction of the container body portion. This forms a flange over a portion of the article to retain the insert article on the container while sealing the container.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method and apparatus for closing a filled vacuum pack package. The open end of the package, which is made from a thin-wall, flexible foil, is folded above the height of the product in the package. The package is placed in a vacuum chamber, a vacuum is drawn on the contents of the package, and the open end of the packaged is closed airtightly by a closing mechanism. While in the vacuum chamber, the open end of the package, which is not yet completely folded, is folded by a flexible part of the vacuum chamber wall facing the open end of the package. The flexible part of the vacuum chamber is folded inwardly by applying a pressure on its exterior which is greater than the vacuum pressure therein.

Abstract: In a packaging machine in which products to be packaged are inserted in a tubular wrapper which is then closed by two closure units in cascade, a dimensional characteristic of the products, such as their heights, variations of which can cause corresponding variations in the overall lengths of the packages formed by the tubular wrappers, is monitored in order to bring about corresponding variations in the phase difference in the operation of the closure units.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for parting containers comprising a first strip spring and a second strip spring, each strip spring extending along a first axis. The two strip springs have substantially flat first ends that are joined together, and substantially bowed second ends. The second ends of the first and second strip springs are bowed in a substantially concave configuration relative to the first axis. A guide block having a groove formed therethrough receives the two strip springs and places the springs in intimate facing contact with each other. The guide block groove extends for a short distance along the first axis, and the strip springs are adapted to slide through the groove along the first axis.

Abstract: An apparatus which receives computer diskettes, sleeves the diskettes, and further conveys the diskettes. The apparatus has a receiving port into which computer diskettes are conveyed. A pair of friction rollers convey the diskettes toward the open end of the topmost sleeve in the stack. The open end is held open by a hold-down flap depressing the flap on the lower layer of the sleeve, an insert finger inserted from above the sleeve, and a suction means to uplift the top layer of the sleeve. The diskette is conveyed until it is fully within the sleeve at which point the sleeved diskette engages the curved top edge of a singulate gate slidably attached to the frame. The engagement of the sleeved diskette with the curved top edge of the gate overcomes the upward bias of the gate to slide the gate downwardly to allow the sleeved diskette to pass over the gate and be further conveyed.

Abstract: Apparatus for suspending, raising and lowering the cutting deck beneath the frame of a riding lawn mower, comprising a pair of lifting arms having first ends rotatably secured to the frame and second ends secured to the cutting deck, rotation of the lifting arms effecting vertical movement of said cutting deck. A pedal operated lifting mechanism is provided, selectively operable by the user of the mower to rotate the lifting arms, thereby raising and/or lower the cutting deck. A suspending member is disposed through an opening in the frame above a portion of one lifting arm, said suspending member having a lower end secured to the lifting arm and an upper end disposed above the opening in the frame. A support member secured to the upper end of the suspending member engages the frame to limit downward movement of the suspending member and lifting arm, and is selectively adjustable by the user to adjust the cutting height of the deck.

Abstract: A mower attachment for selectable side delivery of cut forage crops using a conveyor belt system incorporated in the attachment that is mounted behind the mower in a straddle fashion with at least one shock absorber interconnecting the attachment with the mower to limit vertical separation when traveling over rough ground. The attachment also including a hinged baffle to direct cuttings to the conveyor belt. With the baffle in an open position a portion of the cuttings fall on the conveyor belt and the remainder fall on the ground. Closing the baffle against the conveyor belt causes all cuttings to fall on the baffle.

Abstract: In a spinning machine having a plurality of spinning units arranged next to one another and having a movable servicing apparatus which can be applied to the individual spinning points for the piecing, it is provided that the servicing apparatus has a splicing device with a splicing duct directed toward the spool package. A yarn storage device is arranged approximately as an extension of the splicing duct and a guiding element of the servicing apparatus which transfers the newly spun yarn in the area of the yarn storage device can be brought between a device for the withdrawal of a yarn and devices for picking up this yarn which can be moved into the area between a spool package and the splicing device.

Abstract: A steel cord for reinforcing a high polymer material has a core formed by twisting three steel core filaments having a mutually equal diameter of 0.1 to 0.35 mm, and at least one sheath formed by twisting a plurality of steel sheath filaments having a mutually equal diameter of 0.1 to 0.35 mm and arranged around the core. The three core filaments are composed of one or two waving steel filaments each having waved portions apart from a longitudinal center line thereof, and an unwaving steel filament as a remainder. The clearances (T) between the waving steel filament and the unwaving steel filament are in a range of 0.15 to 0.6 times the diameter of the steel core filament. A sum total (M) of a mean void (m) between adjoining steel sheath filaments in each sheath is in a range of 5 to 35% of a sum total (N) of a mean center distance (n) between adjoining steel sheath filaments in each sheath.

Abstract: Machine for carrying out twisting and an additional texturing treatment continuously on a man-made yarn, wherein false-twist texturing treatment elements (6) are arranged in the central part (2) of the stand of the machine, and the feeding elements (7, 10) for feeding the yarn consist of delivery devices of the positive type. A double-twist spindle (3) and the winding assembly (5) are arranged one above the other and are laterally offset. The guidance of the yarn (5) at the exit of the double-twist spindle (3), in order to convey it into the texturing treatment zone (6), and at the exit of said texturing zone, in order to convey it to the winding members (11), is obtained by an assembly (13) comprising, for each work station, a pair of yarn guides (15, 16) supported at the same level on the stand of the machine substantially at mid-height. One guide (15) is arranged in the extension of the double-twist spindle (3), and the other guide (16) is offset laterally outwardly from the one guide (15).

Abstract: A fluffing suppressing device for a winder for winding spun yarns capable of suppressing fluffing to a degree that may not cause troubles attributable to fluffs when the spun yarns are used as warp yarns on an air jet loom or the like. The present invention provides a fluffing suppressing device to be placed in a yarn path on the winder comprising a nozzle having an air injection holes for injecting air into a yarn passage in direction tangent to the yarn passage.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a fan, fan bypass duct, compressor, core duct, and turbine including a clearance control system. The core duct includes a bleed valve, the fan bypass duct includes a bleed vent, and a bleed pipe is disposed in flow communication therebetween. A feed pipe is disposed in flow communication between the bleed pipe and the clearance control system. The apparatus is effective for practicing a method of bleeding a portion of compressed air from the core duct to the fan bypass duct during a first mode of operation, and diverting a portion of the bleed air from the bleed pipe into the feed pipe for flow to the clearance control system at a low flowrate during the first mode. During a second mode of operation, the method includes bleeding a portion of the fan air from the fan bypass duct and through the feed pipe to the clearance control system while discontinuing bleeding of the compressed air from the core duct.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustion system includes a plurality of combustors within a pressure vessel, each combustor including a combustion liner defining a combustion chamber having a reaction zone and a dilution zone, the liner in the dilution zone provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced dilution air feed holes. A flow shield surrounds each combustion liner in radially spaced relation thereto for feeding compressor discharge air to the combustion chamber. Air staging apparatus directly controls the amount of compressor discharge air fed into each combustion chamber dilution zone via the dilution air feed holes.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is disclosed which incorporates a plurality of bowl or shroud members extending upstream of an end wall of the combustion chamber between the end wall and an air swirler in which the shroud member has an end joined with the end wall of the combustion chamber having a substantially elongated elliptical cross-sectional configuration. The end wall of the combustion chamber defines an elliptical shaped opening corresponding to the shape of the end of the shroud or bowl member to enable the fuel/air mixture to be atomized as it enters the combustion chamber. The bowl or shroud member may also define a plurality of openings to enable additional air to be mixed with atomized fuel cone.

Abstract: A nacelle cooling and ventilation system for an aircraft gas turbine engine which includes a chin scoop and duct assembly for directing air through the engine bay where it is exhausted into the engine exhaust through an exhaust shroud eductor. The nacelle is enclosed so that effectively all of the cooling air entering the bay leaves the bay through the engine exhaust and is not dumped overboard, thereby adding to the effective thrust of the engine. An engine oil and generator oil heat exchanger is positioned in the cooling air duct into the bay so that the same air which cools the bay also cools engine and generator oil. The oil heat exchanger includes directional louvers which regulate and keep to a minimum the amount of cooling air and direct cooling air forwardly in the bay so that the entire bay area is cooled, and which can be shut as a fire control measure.

Abstract: A dual fuel mixer is disclosed having a mixing duct, a shroud surrounding the upstream end of the mixing duct having contained therein a gas fuel manifold and a liquid fuel manifold in flow communication with a gas fuel supply and a liquid fuel supply, respectively, and control means, a set of inner and outer annular counter-rotating swirlers adjacent the upstream end of the mixing duct, where at least the outer annular swirlers include hollow vanes with internal cavities and gas fuel passages, all of which are in fluid communication with the gas fuel manifold to inject gas fuel into the air stream, the vane cavities also having liquid fuel passages therethrough in fluid communication with the liquid fuel manifold, and a hub separating the inner and outer annular swirlers to allow independent rotation thereof, the hub having a circumferential slot in fluid communication with the liquid fuel passages which injects liquid fuel into the air stream, wherein high pressure air from a compressor is injected into the

Abstract: An apparatus and method for minimizing compressor casing distortion due to bleed air extraction wherein the compressor casing includes an annular outer casing having at least one outlet duct, an annular inner casing disposed co-axially with the outer casing and spaced radially inwardly therefrom to define a plenum, two radial discs extending inwardly from the outer casing defining a plenum, a plurality of small area bleed openings located in the inner casing for imparting a radial velocity to the bleed air greater than the circumferential velocity entering the plenum, an air tube located over each bleed opening, and a baffle plate located on top of the air tubes and communicating with the radial discs for supporting the casings, whereby the bleed air impinges on the outer casing and controls distortion by sufficiently reducing the circumferential temperature gradient forming at the outer casing.

Abstract: A jet engine having at least one combustion chamber with a propelling nozzle connected behind it, achieves in a constructionally simple manner and with a high propulsion effect a cross-sectional configuration of a hot gas flow duct bounded by the propelling nozzle that is highly variable with respect to the nozzle throat area as well as to the outlet area. The propelling nozzle contains a divergent lengthening part which is axially movable for the outlet-side expansion of the hot-gas flow duct. In the moved-out position, the lengthening part connects essentially in the corresponding shape to the divergent outlet end of the nozzle outer wall fixed to the engine and, in the moved-in condition, forms together with it an air outlet duct which encloses the fixed nozzle wall end in a ring-shaped manner and whose cross-section can be regulated.

Abstract: A compact, high performance exhaust assembly (50) for an internal combustion engine (20) or the like having a balanced chamber (52). Two substantially parallel inlet exhaust pipes (38, 40) are mounted to a first wall (74) of the chamber (52) and are axially aligned with, but independent of, two output exhaust pipes (54, 56) similarly mounted to a opposing second wall (76) of the chamber (52). Exhaust gas is discharged through the inlet pipes (38, 40), preferably in an out-of-phase relationship or alternating from one inlet pipe to the other. The exhaust gas passes a short distance through the chamber (52) and out of aligned outlet pipes (54, 56). The majority of the exhaust gas flows directly through the chamber (52) without significant expansion. The exhaust assembly (50) increases the power output of the engine.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of reducing hydrocarbon emissions from electronic port fuel injected engines by feeding to the catalytic converter an amount effective to reduce hydrocarbon emissions from the engines of chlorine or a chlorine compound.

Abstract: An integral manifold-muffler-catalyst device (for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of combustion cylinders generating exhaust gases), comprising: (a) a monolithic catalyst having a plurality of aligned passages for effecting laminar flow of the exhaust gases therethrough while; (b) a high temperature resistant chamber assembly for close-coupling the catalyst to the engine having (i) an expansion chamber for substantially dissipating low frequency standing sound waves of said exhaust gases and for modifying high frequency sound waves of said exhaust gases and (ii) manifolding passages at one side of the expansion chamber for collecting and delivering the exhaust gases from the cylinders to the expansion chamber; and (c) means for effecting converging flow from said expansion chamber to and across substantially the full entrance face of said aligned passages, as well as from the catalyst, for effecting attenuation of high frequency sound waves carried by the exhaust gases.

Abstract: Monitoring a light-off catalyst in conjunction with an internal combustion engine includes providing exhaust gas oxygen sensors upstream and downstream of the light-off catalyst for monitoring operation of the catalyst. The monitoring is disabled when the mass air flow through the light-off catalyst is so high that the catalyst monitor is saturated and unable to detect the operation of the light-off catalyst.

Abstract: A rotary actuator-operated pretensioner comprises a gas generator and a rotary actuator that is driven in rotation by pressurized gas supplied by the gas generator and drives a belt take-up reel. Annular flange portions extend from the cylinder side walls into the operating chamber, the flange portions being coaxial with the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the rotor is supported by the cylinder for rotation by reception of the flange portions within end portions of the rotor body. An elastomer seal member is mounted on the side of the rotor vane portion that faces the pressure section of the operating chamber. The seal member has lip portions along its edges that are urged by gas pressure in the pressure section against the side walls and peripheral wall of the cylinder.

Abstract: A charging control apparatus including means for shortening a running-up period of the second turbocharger with an exhaust bypass valve when an instant engine speed is low, so that torque shock during the transition from one-turbocharger-operation to two-turbocharger-operation is decreased. During rapid acceleration at high engine speeds, an exhaust switching valve is opened at once. Further, the reference engine speed and the reference intake air quantity for switching to two-turbocharger-operation are varied in accordance with the gear shift position, so that an optimum switching to two-turbocharger-operation is obtained.

Abstract: A method for recovering and utilizing residual waste heat energy normally rejected into the atmosphere from a combined direct expansion refrigeration system driven by a natural gas or internal combustion engine, wherein the waste heat energy rejected from the condenser of the refrigeration system is combined with the heat energy rejected from the engine block cooling fluid and the exhaust gas stream and recovered by a refrigerant power fluid to drive a vapor power expander and co-generate auxiliary electric power.

Abstract: A system for coupling a plurality of solar powered bubble pumps in series is described. By controlling the boiling temperature of the circulating fluid contained in the system, the flow of liquid between the units of the series can be balanced and the pressure differential between the first and last units can be used to convert heat energy into kinetic energy by use of an external turbine or electrical generator.

Abstract: A fuel jetting nozzle assembly for use in a gas turbine combustor comprises a nozzle head secured to a head plate, a fuel jetting nozzle secured to the nozzle head and having fuel jetting holes opened to an inside of a combustion chamber, swirling vanes disposed on an outer peripheral portion of the fuel jetting nozzle for supplying air as an annular swirling flow in the combustion chamber of the combustor liner, the fuel jetting holes being formed at base portions of the swirling vanes, and a cooling member composed of a plurality of cooling holes formed to a front end portion of the fuel jetting nozzle so as to introducing a portion of the air into a forward portion of a central portion of the front end portion of the nozzle jetting from an upstream side of the swirling vanes. The cooling member further comprises an air introducing pipe disposed to the front end portion of the fuel jetting nozzle means and an air header attached to an inner surface of the front end portion of the fuel jetting nozzle.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigerator comprises a compressor including a compressor housing within which a cylinder is mounted, and a piston reciprocal within the cylinder, and a cold finger including a low temperature cylinder within which a displacer is reciprocable, and a regenerater mounted within the displacer. A plurality of flat piston suspension springs include a plurality of spiral slits to provide a plurality of spiral arms deflectable as the piston is reciprocated within the compressor cylinder. A plurality of annular inner retainers are secured to the piston and adapted to sandwich the inner peripheral edges of the piston suspension springs. A plurality of annular outer retainers are secured to the compressor housing and include a plurality of projections extending inwardly from the outer ends of the spiral slits to sandwich the outer peripheral edges of the flat piston suspension springs.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for the production of high-purity hydrogen and high-purity carbon monoxide by the separation of an extensively dry and CO.sub.2 -free H.sub.2 /CO crude gas mixture, also containing methane, by means of pressure swing adsorption and one-stage partial condensation, wherein, the H.sub.2 /CO crude gas mixture is subjected to a pressure swing adsorption process, producing a high-purity hydrogen product stream, while the CO-rich gas obtained in the regeneration during the pressure swing adsorption process is compressed, cooled, at least partially condensed, and conducted into a phase separator wherein it is separated into a gaseous H.sub.2 -rich fraction and a liquid CO-rich fraction, whereupon the gaseous H.sub.2 -rich fraction is heated and admixed to the H.sub.2 /CO crude gas mixture before the latter is fed into the pressure swing adsorption.

Abstract: The present invention relates an improvement to a cryogenic process for the separation of air which produces at least a nitrogen product and is carried out in a distillation column system having at least one distillation column from which the nitrogen product is produced. The distillation column of the distillation column system must comprise a rectifying section. In the process of the present invention, air is compressed, freed of impurities which will freeze out at cryogenic temperatures, cooled to near its dew point and fractionated in the distillation column system to produce the nitrogen product.The improvement is the operation of the distillation column such that the ratio of downward liquid to upward vapor flow rate (L/V) is no less than 0.65, preferably greater than 0.75, but less than 1.0 in the rectifying section of a distillation column from which the nitrogen product is produced. The flowrates are in moles per unit time.

Abstract: This system utilizes three kinds of metal hydrides, MH1, MH2, and MH3, having the highest, an intermediate, and the lowest equilibrium hydrogen pressures, respectively, in the order mentioned, each kind of metal hydrides being enclosed in two sets of respective metal-hydride containers. While hydrogen flows from the metal hydride MH3 to the metal hydrides MH2 and MH1 in one set, hydrogen flows from the metal hydrides MH2 and MH1 metal hydride MH3 in other set such that the cold heat generated by hydrogen dissociation from the metal hydride MH2 in said other set is utilized to cool the metal hydride MH1 of said one set for efficient hydrogen absorption by the metal hydride MH1, and the cold heat generated by hydrogen dissociation from the metal hydride MH1 of said other set is provided for refrigeration.

Abstract: An insulated cooler for carrying perishables and cooling medium such as ice is improved to provide an extended period during which low temperatures are maintained. A sheet of flexible, synthetic insulation material is placed over the perishables and cooling medium. The sheet is pressed downwardly against the perishables and cooling medium, thus substantially conforming to the upper surface thereof. A dead space may be defined above the sheet and below the cover of the cooler. Preferably, the insulation material is air entrained polypropylene, which could be washed, is sufficiently flexible, and can be trimmed to fit the cooler. The insulation material is preferably folded into at least three thicknesses and trimmed to conform to either the footprint of the insulated cavity, or to an enlarged size, so that the outer edges of the material can be tucked down and about the perishables in the cooler.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for freezing an article, such as a food according to which said article is contacted with the surface of a porous support which is impregnated with a cryogenic liquid. The invention also concerns a device for freezing an article including a conveyor of porous material, which is insulated by means of an enclosure as well as means for impregnating said conveyor with a cryogenic liquid.

Abstract: An air-conditioning process uses an internally-cooled, liquid-desiccant absorber through which the air to be conditioned, the coolant and the liquid desiccant are passed. The desiccant is passed into the absorber at a flooding rate not exceeding 1.0 gpm/ft.sup.2. Preferably cooling water (as coolant) is passed into the absorber at a flooding rate not exceeding 1.0 gpm/ft.sup.2 and, in that case, cooling air is passed through the absorber in intimate contact with the cooling water to promote evaporative cooling of the cooling water.