Abstract: A sponge refill backplate for easy replacement on mop heads having mop clips, turn-lock assemblies or long slotted attachment members comprising opposed raised locking clips open only at their distal ends having locking slots with a wider channel below to receive a mop clip, the locking slot being of sufficient length so that mop clips on a sponge mop head may slide far enough into the locking clip to allow the outer side of the opposite locking clip to fall into place at its attachment without bending the backplate or sponge; and a pair of locking ramps located at the open distal end of each locking clip, angled inwardly toward the open end to assist in loading the refill and which acts as stop members for the mop clips or long slotted attachment members but which may be overridden by a predetermined force in the longitudinal direction of the mop head. This is an advantage over most current sponge refills which require wetting and/or bending the sponge and backplate to attach the refill to the mop head.

Abstract: A water heater for a carpet cleaning system has a first chamber and a main heat exchanger disposed within the first chamber, the main heat exchanger utilizing heat from a first source, preferably an engine, to heat water to be used in the carpet cleaning process. A second chamber substantially surrounds the first chamber and utilizes heat from a second source, preferably a blower in fluid communication with the carpet cleaning system's water tank. The second chamber substantially surrounds the first chamber to provide a thermal barrier between the first chamber and the ambient environment. The use of such a thermal barrier substantially reduces undesirable heat loss from the first chamber to the ambient environment and thus increases the efficiency of the water heater. A third chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber is heated by a second source and provides heat from the second source to the second chamber.

Abstract: An adjustable hand lever mechanism is provided that comprises a coupling element of a trapezoidal configuration embedded in a hand lever. The coupling element is made from a material, e.g. metal, that is harder than the material, e.g. plastic, from which the hand lever is made. The coupling element does not include lugs, projections or similar features, and is designed to engage a fastening element in such a manner as to effect rotation of the fastening element when rotational force is applied to the hand lever without rotational slippage between the coupling element and the hand lever.

Abstract: A safety system of roll guards protecting an anesthesia machine's wheel assemblies from being obstructed or snagged by objects lying upon a floor surface or dangling above the floor surface that are in the path of movement. Each roll guard is loosely connected to part of the wheel assembly or anesthesia machine, and has a vertically upstanding cylindrical portion whose bottom rests upon the floor surface. The cylindrical portion surrounds and freely receives therein the wheel assembly, and has a top portion closed by a cap.

Abstract: A caster for supporting an object on wheels is provided with a brake that is operable between engageable and disengageable positions. The brake alternatively restricts and permits rotation of the caster wheel relative to a moveable swivel element. The brake includes a brake pad operated by movement of an operating member located externally on the operating components of the caster. A detent system provides detents for alternatively holding the brake in both the engaged and disengaged positions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a safety device for a baby walker which has a main wheel and an auxiliary wheel. By using a main wheel lock plate and a telescopic pipe, a ratchet on the main wheel can be prevented from blocking by a lock block under normal circumstances. While moving on a slope the lock plate will block the ratchet by its own weight to control baby walker without sliding. By using an auxiliary wheel lock plate and a fixed spring, the lock can also be blocked in normal circumstances. The auxiliary wheel can be suspended in the air and the movable shaft always faces toward the motion direction. In this way, the baby walker will not fall on a hollow ground (such as stairs) and will automatically stop sliding on a slope, with the lock block blocking the auxiliary wheel ratchet and auxiliary wheel friction surface.

Abstract: A handle of a telescopic handle assembly for a baggage cart includes at least a handle seat fixedly connected to an inner tube of the telescopic handle assembly, an actuator rotatably received within a mounting hole of the handle seat, a grip portion formed by an assembly of two grip members with semi-circular peripheries and being fixedly connected to the actuator so that a rotation of the grip portion can rotate the actuator, and an operating block which has at least a portion being forcedly in contact with a portion of the actuator so that a rotation of the actuator can cause a lifting movement of the operating block from a position to a selected position. The operating block is fixedly connected to a locking means for locking the inner tube with an outer tube of the telescopic handle assembly. Once the operating block is lifted to the selected position, the locking of the locking means for locking the inner tube with the outer tube is unlocked.

Abstract: A hinge for use with a picture frame and a set-up base, includes first and second hinge leaves, each hinge leaf having claws, the claws of the first hinge leaf for fastening the first hinge leaf to a picture frame and the claws of the second hinge leaf for fastening the second hinge leaf to a set-up base. A hinge joint is disposed at first ends of the hinge leaves, configured of knuckles through which a hinge wire passes for connecting the first and second hinge leaves to one another. A connecting web is movably articulated to the first hinge leaf at an end edge of the first hinge leaf opposite the hinge joint. When the hinge is in an opened position, the connecting web is arranged at an angle to the first hinge leaf and is supported on the second hinge leaf. When the hinge is in a closed position, the connecting web is pivoted into a position essentially parallel to the first hinge leaf.

Abstract: A mechanical bag closure and sealing assembly which includes inner and outer elongated inter-engaging clamp members between which the upper edges of a bag are selectively compressed and sealed and wherein the inner member includes opposing wall segments which are compressible to reduce the effective cross section thereof upon application of pressure to opposing flanges extending on opposite sides thereof to thereby facilitate insertion and removal of the inner member with respect to the outer member. In alternate embodiments, the base of the outer member includes a channel for receiving indicia and/or for receiving a magnet for facilitating mounting of the assembly to metallic surfaces. In other embodiments, the assembly may be mounted within tracks secured to cabinets or walls.

Abstract: A closed loop fastening system for running and other shoes. The fastening system includes a harness, a strap, guides and a tension lock buckle. The harness includes strap portions which can tightly retain a user's foot inside the shoe. The guides are attached to the harness for guiding the strap. One end of the strap is attached to the harness and the other end of the strap is attached to the buckle. An effective length of the strap can be defined such that a shorter effective length yields a tighter harness and a tighter fit, and a longer effective length yields a looser harness and a looser fit. The tension lock buckle used in the closed loop fastening system is adaptable for use with numerous other products having a strap. The tension lock buckle includes a body, a pivotal locking member and a sliding bar. The sliding bar is mounted within the body for longitudinal movement therein. The pivotal locking member is pivotally attached to the body for relative pivotal motion.

Abstract: A pull tab for manipulating a slide of a slide fastener and a slide fastener incorporating such pull tab. The pull tab is made of a synthetic elastomer, wherein the synthetic elastomer is a polyether amide block copolymer.

Abstract: Apparatus for feeding a fiber batt to a needle loom, in which a gusset gap between an upper reversing roller of a pre-compression means and an upper supply roller is filled by an upper slim transmission roller rotatably suspended at its end portions by bracket means. The transmission roller is made from a carbon fiber reinforced resin material. The bracket means are composed each of two parts which may be released from each other. One part of each bracket means is mounted on the axis of the supply roller, whereas the other part is suspended in a stationary frame of the apparatus. By realeasing the parts of each other, an easy disassembly of the supply roller is enabled.

Abstract: A cart for transferring a warp exchange system from a machine that prepares such a warp exchange system to a warp beam lifting carriage, is equipped to at least temporarily store a prepared warp exchange system after having picked up the system from a warp drawing-in carriage that forms part of the machine for preparing the warp exchange system. The cart is further compatible to transfer the stored system to a warp beam lifting carriage which in turn inserts the system into a loom. The cart makes sure that the warp exchange system is presented with the proper orientation relative to the loom so that the insertion can take place in the manner of a cassette formed by the cart and the warp exchange system including the warp beam.

Abstract: Software and hardware such as part feeding and assembling devices constituting a production system are simplified with the use of a plurality of processing and assembly integrated units in which processing and assembling of parts are coupled and integrated in accordance with products to be produced. The necessities for an automatic warehouse and an automated ground vehicle are eliminated by getting rid of futility of mere movements of the parts. A fundamental idea is that a production system is constructed of units in which three sections--a section for processing a raw material, a check functional section and an assembling section--are integrally combined in accordance with the products to be produced. The parts are processed, checked and assembled by single units just in time while targeting molded parts of plastic and pressed parts.

Abstract: A multiple valve spring compressor consists of a rectangular base of sufficient size to support the entire structure, an upper frame member being of a rectangular u-shape, is attached at each end to the base with an expandable device attached at it's center point. The expandable device which applies force to compress multiple valve springs is connected to a compression plate that is rectangular and has an elongated slot, the compression plate contacts the valve springs retainer during operation, upon compression of the valve springs, the stems and locks will pass thru the elongated slot for removal or installation.To align the valve springs with the compression plate, a head mounting table; which the cylinder head being worked on will rest upon, can be adjusted to various angles of tilt and pivot.

Abstract: A fastener setting tool including an anvil housing having an offset anvil portion and a collet positioned slidably in the anvil housing and including an offset portion coacting with the offset anvil portion of the anvil housing to defined an offset nose assembly. The tool further includes a cylinder housing secured to the anvil housing and defining a central bore slidably receiving a piston. A draw bar interconnects the collet and the piston with the collet and piston maintained in a precise and rigid position on the draw bar utilizing a reduced diameter threaded portion on one end of the draw bar coacting with a nut threaded onto the reduced diameter threaded portion and engaging an outboard end of the piston.

Abstract: Methods for reinforcing thin-walled, flexible tubing using pressurized fluids which have excellent mechanical integrity, including burst-strength. The methods comprise pressurizing a tubular conduit with pressurized fluid followed by applying reinforcing means to the conduit.

Abstract: A method for removing a fuel cell from an aircraft fuselage cavity includes the steps of sealing the fuel cell by securing complementary covers and gaskets or O-rings in combination with the ports of the fuel cell, installing an evacuation system in combination with the fuel cell, operating the evacuation system to evacuate the sealed fuel cell wherein the ambient air pressure of the aircraft fuselage cavity collapses the fuel cell to a predetermined height, and removing the collapsed fuel cell from the aircraft fuselage cavity.

Abstract: A tool for attaching springs to a trampoline mat, and a method for using the tool to assemble a trampoline. The tool has a straight rigid shaft and a curved rigid handle connected and separated by a rigid plate. The handle is curved to fit the closed hand of a user, and the plate prevents accidental contact of the spring with the user's hand regardless of the orientation of the tool. One end of each spring is connected to the frame of the trampoline. The other end of the spring is slipped over the straight shaft of the tool, then attached to one of the "D" rings on the mat. By pushing the tool away from him or her, the user causes the spring to slide down the shaft and hook onto the "D" ring. The process is then repeated for the other springs and "D" rings.

Abstract: A method of making a composite material in which a porous preform is produced by spray casting. An appropriate metal or alloy is caused to infiltrate the interconnected pores. This may be accomplished by infiltrating the porous preform with a liquid metal of a melting point lower than the melting point of the porous preform and thereafter solidifying the infiltrated material or the material can be infiltrated by the use of a slurry containing the desired particles and the liquid carrier driven off by baking the infiltrated preform. Alternatively, infiltration may be accomplished by plating of a desired metal or alloy from an appropriate infiltrate electroplating or electro-less plating solution.

Abstract: The machine comprises a support structure including a vertical upright, a cross member which can move vertically along the upright, two horizontal arms, one end of each being articulated to the cross member and the other end having a rotatable gripping device for gripping a bale, motor means and associated control devices for moving the cross member, for moving the arms apart and towards each other and for rotating their gripping devices, and a cutting device for cutting the wrapper of a bale which is gripped and rotated by the gripping devices of said arms.

Abstract: In positioning a transducer head with respect to a supporting arm, the transducer head is subject to both a normal force and a moment force and has first and second air bearing surfaces. The apparatus includes a controller and first and second sensors for detecting the overturning moment and being adapted for providing data representative of the overturning moment to the controller. A first actuator varies the position of the load arm and a second actuator varies the position of the transducer head. The first and second actuators act in concert to negate the overturning moment. A third sensor detects the position of the first air bearing surface with respect to a known level reference and a third actuator positions the first air bearing surface of the transducer head. A fourth sensor detects the position of the second air bearing surface with respect to a known level reference and a fourth actuator positions the second air bearing surface of the transducer head.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pallet arranging system for use in a multiple-item small-lot production setup. The system uses a plurality of pallet groups each comprising a plurality of pallets, each of the pallets including a plurality of cartridges, each of the cartridges containing a large number of parts of the same type. The system creates channel setting data for use by a part assembler fed with parts and printed circuit boards. The parts are assembled by the part assembler onto predetermined positions on the printed circuit boards in accordance with the channel setting data that designate which cartridge is to be assigned to which of the channels constituting the pallet groups.

Abstract: Sliders are mounted in a continuous string or by swinging them into gaps in the otherwise continuous coupling chain. An opening or spreading device operates coupling members of the chain adjacent the gap and downstream thereof a fixing ram holds the members in position while the manipulator inserts the slide. A top guide and a lower guide are provided to receive the slider between them and to thread the free edges of the stringer threads into the slots on opposite sides of the cylinder core.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for installing a prefabricated cable harness in the interior of an empty vehicle body of a passenger car at the initial stage of its final assembly. A known cable harness which is suitable for handling by an automatic device is to be moved into the passenger compartment by mechanized handling. The cable harness which is arranged on a cable harness carrier that is prepared in a positionally defined manner, is received by a specially designed gripper. The gripper then guides the cable harness through the windscreen opening into the passenger compartment and sets the cable harness down in an approximate installation position. With this arrangement, the bulky and heavy cable harness can be installed reliably and rationally in the vehicle body. Possible damage to the vehicle body and to the cable harness by chafing is avoided during installation.

Abstract: A hole is formed in a metal plate, and after a concave portion is formed by pressurizing a predetermined area on the metal plate including the hole to cause plastic deformation, an island of a lead frame is formed in the concave portion. By forming the concave portion, the island and the inner lead are thinner than the outer lead, and the hole which has become smaller remains in the island.

Abstract: Engine components are thermally insulated with composite layers for improved engine efficiency. A metallic insulation layer is affixed to the metallic substrate of each component, and a layer of heat and corrosion resistant metal overlies and is bonded to the insulation layer. One preferred embodiment incorporates a preformed sheet layer of stainless steel sintered to a layer of metallic insulation attached to the component body substrate. An alternate embodiment incorporates a plasma-sprayed stainless steel layer over the insulation layer. A preferred process for making the engine component includes casting the component body in a mold containing a preformed insulation composite formed of a layer of stainless steel sheet sintered to a layer of metallic insulation.

Abstract: A method of producing a tubular structure, such as a rocket thrust chamber, includes positioning cooling tubes about an inner tooling fixture to form a tube bundle, and positioning a segmented outer tooling fixture about the tube bundle thereby sandwiching the tubes between the inner tooling fixture and the outer tooling fixture. The tubes are then pressurized at high temperature and the inner tooling fixture, outer tooling fixture and tube bundle are heated to a temperature at which each of the tubes bonds to adjacent tubes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to games for use on windows and glass doors and methods of making same, and particularly, methods of making a thermally broken window or door frame made from two frame members that are connected by an insulating member. Existing methods of making thermally broken hollow frame members from two frame members either are complex and time consuming and complex or present difficulties in aligning the two frame members prior to pouring the thermal barrier material. The present invention provides the use of a guide to hold the frame members and am elastomersic gasket which forces the frame members tightly inot the guide and seals the liquid-receiving channel. The frame members can then be inverted in the guide and the process repeated to produce a hollow thermally broken frame.

Abstract: An elongate pair of spaced support flanges is arranged in a parallel coextensive relationship pivotally mounting an elongate housing at a first end of the flanges, with the second end of the flanges having a support yoke oriented at an acute angle relative to the support flanges, such that a drill member mounted onto the yoke between the support flanges is in operative communication with the elongate housing, with the elongate housing mounting a circular saw at an obtuse angular orientation relative to the drill to provide for angled cutting and clearance during an angle cut.

Abstract: A self-locking knife which has a guide at the heel of the blade integral with the heel of the knife or attached therewith which blade is mounted in a pair of bolsters superposed on each other, forming a casing for the knife and defining a space or slideway therebetween for passage of the blade from a retracted to an extended position where the blade is projected forwardly of the casing and providing interlock between the blade and the casing, maintaining the blade in either position.

Abstract: A reel dedicated to the layout of a baseball diamond includes a tape with an inner end reeled onto a reel body and an outer end attached to the reel body to form a loop of the tape. The loop has a length 2x+.sqroot.2x and has a first base marking at a distance x from the outer end, a second base marking at a distance 2x from the outer end, a third base marking at a distance x+.sqroot.2x from the outer end and a pitcher's plate marking at a distance of y from the inner end. x is equal to the required distance between bases. y is equal to the distance of the pitcher's plate from home base. The loop is pulled out into a first triangle from first base to second base and back to home plate and then in a second triangle from home plate to first base and to third base to accurately lay out the positions of pegs.

Abstract: Microprocessor controlled isopropyl alcohol vapor dryer system for robotic drying of wafer cassettes containing wafers or substrates. A wetted wafer or substrate is robotically placed into a virgin isopropyl alcohol vapor zone. The wetted surface and free-moving contaminants are replaced by a layer of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) which condenses on the surface. The dryer then robotically moves the IPA coated wafer or substrate into an upper cooling zone causing the isopropyl alcohol layer to flash off of the substrate surface, leaving the surface completely dry to a molecular level. IPA vapors are heated at the bottom of a quartz tank and maintained as a vapor by electric heating panels surrounding the quartz tank.

Abstract: A two-axis inclinometer having an inclination-sensitive ray-deflecting device is described, via which a geometrical figure having at least one angle is projected onto a linear array. In addition to providing high resolution, a large measurement range is also opened up by the special arrangement and configuration of the geometrical figure. X-, Y- and overlapping inclinations can be determined simultaneously using the described inclinometer.

Abstract: A pan and channelled drawing board combination comprising a transparent drawing surface channelled on two or more sides and pivotally attached at one corner to the upper surface of the lip of the pan and having a surface support attached to the bottom of the pan.

Abstract: The specification discloses apparatus for aligning rotatable in-line machine shafts. In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides an alignment system having a sensed point positioned for rotation with the shaft to be aligned to provide a reference point against which misalignment is measured. The position of the sensed point is adjustable in three-dimensional space by an adjustment system so that the sensed point may be easily secured in a desired location to eliminate errors attributable to movement of the sensed point or improper location of the sensed point. In addition, the alignment system provides a capacitive displacement system to more accurately sense the sensed point, binary blocks to facilitate proper vertical positioning of the sensed point, and an improved chain assembly to facilitate mounting of the alignment system and to reduce errors of the type common to conventional alignment systems.

Abstract: A process for the guiding of fibre web or the like, in particular for paper production, especially in paper driers, wherein the suction applied can be varied both in real time operation and along the axes of the one or more suction rolls that is/are present and which may be used in conjunction with at least one travelling screen or the like. The object is to make the start-up process for the treatment of fibre webs on suction rolls more convenient without too much equipmental and operational overhead, and to prevent shrinkage of the web by providing good location at the web in the edge regions. This is achieved by restricting the suction which acts on the inside of the roll jacket to a region of the roll jacket which comes into contact with a lead-in strip for the fibre web during start-up operation. This process is continued until a sufficient length of fibre web has passed over the suction roll for the web to have reached its full or final width on this suction roll.

Abstract: A bulk material reactor which has a travelling bed (3) made up of the bulk material held inside a reactor housing (1), with an input assembly (14, 15) on the top and an outlet assembly (4) on the bottom of the travelling bed, a gas supply line (10) and a gas discharge line (18) at different ends of the travelling bed (3), wherein the travelling bed (3) is disposed around a central column (2), the floor (6) of which adjoins the discharge assembly (4), holding the bulk material at an angle of repose; it possesses an advantageous gas supply and can thereby be combined into major reactor assemblies without difficulty, because the interior of the central column (2) constitutes the gas line (10) and the central column (2) has an outlet opening (11) in its floor (6).

Abstract: This invention relates to a baffle for the tumbling of clothes in a domestic clothes dryer. The baffle is a "snap-in" baffle which may be installed in the drum through the door opening after final assembly of the dryer. No additional installation tools are necessary.

Abstract: An athletic shoe with a shoe upper having a plurality of panels, each of which is secured at a lower edge to the sole of the shoe, and has an arc-shaped upper edge including a high strength flexible loop of cable secured at each of its ends to the sole of the shoe. Each cable is hemmed into the periphery of a panel, and may be exposed in places along the upper edge of the panel so that shoelaces may be looped around the cable to draw together the cables on the medial and lateral sides of the shoe, securing the sole to the wearer's foot.

Abstract: A shower sandal having an interior lined with a multiplicity of flexible protrusions and having suction cups on the underside to secure the sandal to the shower, the sandal being sufficiently large that the foot of the user can be moved about within the sandal against the flexible protrusions to clean and massage the various areas of the foot.

Abstract: A pointer intended for attachment to the digging arm of an excavator, is characterized by an elongated arm which can be pivoted on the digging arm using a drive whose driving movements are activated and controlled by the magnetic field generated by an underground cable, conduit or like conductor in a manner such as to cause the pointer to point towards the cable, conduit or like conductor independently of the position of the digging arm.

Abstract: A garment iron including a rear face to which there is releasably attached a cord reel. The cord reel includes a catch to retain it in its position mounted on the rear face. The cord reel is hollow so as to provide a cavity which receives a beaker which may be used to deliver water to the water reservoir of the iron. During use, the cord reel and beaker are removed from the rear face so that the iron may be vertically oriented, resting on its rear face.

Abstract: A cover for an ironing board has a sheet and a stretchable pad. The sheet has a front nose, a back and an underside and is shaped to cover the ironing board. This sheet has a marginal draw string for marginally securing the sheet to the ironing board. The stretchable pad has a shape complimenting the sheet. This pad is tacked to the underside of the sheet at a pair of spaced locations at the front nose and the back to partially allow the pad to slide relative to the sheet. Thus the pad can settle wrinkle-free on the ironing board with a degree of independence from the cover, and without a full barrier between the sheet and the pad.

Abstract: A board member arranged to provide for illustration and representation of football teams is provided, to include a plurality of first and second rows of helmet posts to each receive a helmet member thereon, with each of the first and second posts having an adjacent record post to mount a record indicating flange plate thereon. The flange plate is formed of an erasable material to accommodate illustration of a won/lost record of a team associated with an adjacent helmet on an adjacent helmet post. Plural rows of facing home team and visitor team helmet posts are provided to accommodate positioning of helmets from said helmet posts onto the home team and visitor team helmet posts to indicate pending games of opposing teams.

Abstract: A display system for a plurality of small items, the system featuring easy substitution of a second group of items for a first group of items, and featuring protection of the items from ultra-violet radiation. A transparent plate is mounted within a frame, the transparent plate transparent to light in the visible wavelength range and absorbent in the ultra-violet wavelength range to protect the items from ultra-violet wavelength radiation; a mat is mounted within the frame, as is a retainer to hold the items. A backing board forms a back support in the frame to hold the transparent plate, the items, the mat, and the retainer. The retainer may be a sheet of transparent material having holes formed therein. Pins inserted through the holes anchor the retainer to either the backing board or the mat.

Abstract: A display sign with a collapsible support base. The sign is supported by at least one upwardly extending leaf of a hinge element to which a pair of support legs are attached extending both in front of and behind the sign. When the support legs are extended outwardly and the base is supported on a weight-bearing surface, the legs at each end portion of the sign pivot about the hinge element to exert a pincer-like grip on the bottom portion of the display sign. When the sign is lifted up, the support legs fold down automatically into a compact form suitable for transport or storage.

Abstract: The gun safety indicator is a generally oval, round or ovoid-shaped cup with a lip or flange around its perimeter. The bottom of the cup is a diaphragm which will flex when pressure is applied. In its relaxed state, the diaphragm has a circumference equal to or slightly larger than the circumference of the opening between the trigger guard and the trigger with the trigger depressed. The safety indicator is pushed through the trigger guard opening of an unloaded gun with the user's thumb on the inner side of the pressure diaphragm. The applied force deforms the diaphragm enough to decrease its effective circumference, allowing it to pass through the trigger guard opening. Due to the close fit, the pressure of the inner edge of the trigger guard compresses the sidewall of the cup such that the sidewall closest to the diaphragm bulges outward around the edges of the trigger guard to hold the device in place.

Abstract: A hollow cylindrical hunting blind that can be supported on the ground or on a tower is formed of elongate arcuate panels and a domed roof which, in a preferred embodiment, have surface corrugations simulating the bark of a tree. A ladder-stand connected to the tower can be easily disconnected from the tower to serve as a leaning tree stand. Lower windows provide a view of the surroundings from a seated position and smaller peep windows above the lower windows provide a view from a standing position. The lower windows slide to cover the window opening in a closed position and completely uncover the window opening in a fully open position, and can be maintained at selective positions between the fully closed and fully open positions. The domed roof has a rain channel formed therein to capture and direct rain water downwardly and outwardly between the windows. One or more swivel chairs movably mounted in the enclosure are capable of revolving 360.degree.

Abstract: The root-control planter has a thin-walled frustoconical body that is open at the top and bottom, and that has vertically-spaced ledges that lie in planes perpendicular to the axis of the frustum. Internal ribs or ridges are provided integrally with the body, and have vertically-spaced hook or notch portions that hook not only over the top of another identical planter but also over the ledges thereof. At the bottom of the frustum is a radially-outwardly extending flange. At circumferentially spaced points about the bottom region of the body, and adjacent the flange, are relatively small openings through which certain tree roots will grow and lock the planter in the ground despite the upward forces exerted by other tree roots that pass beneath the flange. At the top of the planter body is a continuous rim that is bent-over in an inward direction, hooking or bending over the upper ends of the ribs.